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The concept of place and sense of place in architectural studies
Abstract
Place is a where dimension formed by people's relationship with physical settings, individual and group activities, and meanings. 'Place Attachment', 'Place Identity' and 'Sense of Place' are some concepts that could describe the quality of people's relationships with a place. The concept of Sense of place is used in studying human-place bonding, attachment and place meaning. Sense of Place usually is defined as an overarching impression encompassing the general ways in which people feel about places, senses it, and assign concepts and values to it. Sense of place is highlighted in this article as one of the prevailing concepts among place-based researches. Considering dimensions of sense of place has always been beneficial for investigating public place attachment and pro-environmental attitudes towards these places. The creation or preservation of Sense of place is important in maintaining the quality of the environment as well as the integrity of human life within it. While many scholars argued that sense of place is a vague concept, this paper will summarize and analyze the existing seminal literature. Therefore, in this paper first the concept of Sense of place and its characteristics will be examined afterward the scales of Sense of place will be reviewed and the factors that contribute to form Sense of place will be evaluated and finally Place Attachment as an objective dimension for measuring the sense of place will be described.
... According to Lynch (1960), the city's image shows elements that strengthen the area's identity and sense of place, comprising pathways, edges, districts, nodes, and landmarks. Furthermore, Canter (1977), Hashemnezhad, Heidari, and Hoseini (2013), Montgomery (1998), Najafi andShariff (2011), Punter (1991), Relph (1976), Schulz (1980), Tuan (1977), Ujang, Moulay, and Zakaria (2018) have strengthened the research related to a sense of place. ...
... Previous research shows that the sense of place could be intangible or tangible in physical attributes, social activities, and personal and shared meanings. Physical attribute factors contributing to the sense of place (Canter, 1977;Hashemnezhad, Heidari, & Hoseini, 2013;Montgomery, 1998;Najafi & Shariff, 2011;Punter, 1991;Relph, 1976;Schulz, 1980;Tuan, 1977) are built from the landscape, furniture, permeability, intensity, scale, landmarks, and public realms. Social factors include perception of the environmental perception, being with others, attractors, events and local tradition, café culture, people watching, street life, vitality, diversity, noise, smell, and behavior (Canter, 1977;Hashemnezhad, Heidari, & Hoseini, 2013;Montgomery, 1998;Najafi & Shariff, 2011;Punter, 1991;Relph, 1976;Schulz, 1980;Tuan, 1977). ...
... Physical attribute factors contributing to the sense of place (Canter, 1977;Hashemnezhad, Heidari, & Hoseini, 2013;Montgomery, 1998;Najafi & Shariff, 2011;Punter, 1991;Relph, 1976;Schulz, 1980;Tuan, 1977) are built from the landscape, furniture, permeability, intensity, scale, landmarks, and public realms. Social factors include perception of the environmental perception, being with others, attractors, events and local tradition, café culture, people watching, street life, vitality, diversity, noise, smell, and behavior (Canter, 1977;Hashemnezhad, Heidari, & Hoseini, 2013;Montgomery, 1998;Najafi & Shariff, 2011;Punter, 1991;Relph, 1976;Schulz, 1980;Tuan, 1977). Furthermore, another factor is personal and shared meanings (Canter, 1977;Hashemnezhad, Heidari, & Hoseini, 2013;Montgomery, 1998;Najafi & Shariff, 2011;Punter, 1991;Relph, 1976;Schulz, 1980;Tuan, 1977;Ujang, Moulay, & Zakaria, 2018), including cultural association, perceived functions, qualitative assessments, symbolism and memory, sensory experience, knowledgeability, receptivity, safety, satisfaction, and cleanliness. ...
The research aimed to strengthen the future sense of place by focusing on the sense of place components, namely, physical, social, personal, and shared meaning aspects, as input to local stakeholders. The sense of place of Borobudur Temple stimulated visitors to attend the tourism area at the heritage site, whose potential could be strengthened by promoting the local creative economy and its identity. The research provided theoretical benefits as a basis for further research and practical benefits as input for stakeholders to strengthen the identity of heritage areas. The research was a solution to preserving the historical value of this region in both physical and social aspects in order to strengthen the place’s character as the stalwart of the Borobudur area as a world heritage artifact. The discoveries would clear up the area’s function as Borobudur’s shopping excursion area in a local identity context. Data were collected through structured observation, in-depth online interviews, photos, videos, literature studies, and a manual data analysis procedure. The results show that physical attributes, such as site, build form, and landmark, need improvements. Moreover, social interaction, pedestrian flows, product, personal and shared meanings, comprising history, narration, and event and promotion, should be improved. Further studies should focus on how to improve architecture, modern product variations, and local music. Furthermore, the sense of place will be increased by understanding the services cape of Borobudur Food and Craft Market.
... In this sense, placemaking strengthens community connections to a place (Future City Group 2012) through creating a shared vision based on the different needs, desires and aspirations (Kramer 2014; Scottish Natural Heritage 2012), which consequently creates a sense of place that reinforces the identities of the different regions. A place is where 'a dimension is formed by people's relationship with physical settings, individual and group activities, and meaning' (Najafi andShariff 2011, p. 1055). A sense of place's strength is argued to be an indicator of people's willingness to contribute to social activities (Najafi and Shariff 2011). ...
... A place is where 'a dimension is formed by people's relationship with physical settings, individual and group activities, and meaning' (Najafi andShariff 2011, p. 1055). A sense of place's strength is argued to be an indicator of people's willingness to contribute to social activities (Najafi and Shariff 2011). Therefore, community engagement enhances well-being, increases satisfaction levels, increases local ownership, and boosts civic pride as the locals are involved in the decisions (West Lothian's Community Engagement Practitioners Network 2015). ...
... Co-creating green spaces also adds to the character of neighbourhoods and the city, which should be prioritised in the modern world. As the implications of the growth of human societies, changes in lifestyles, technological advances, and development trends gradually lead to a sense of placelessness where places do not convey any meaning (Najafi and Shariff 2011). ...
In recent decades, the integration of nature into cities has witnessed a wave of progressive advancement due to the environmental and anthropological disciplines. However, cities still face numerous challenges in terms of providing and maintaining green spaces. Thus, collaboration and partnerships between various stakeholders are being promoted as a possible solution to such a dilemma with a specific focus on community engagement and placemaking. This research examines the gaps triggering the scarce green open space challenge in Cairo, Egypt, as an example of a rapidly urbanising city in the Global South. In contrast to previous research on green spaces in Cairo, the current study investigates the cascade of the different scales and hierarchical levels of strategies as well as stakeholders concerned with green spaces. The results demonstrate the importance of understanding the dynamics and activating stronger networks between different stakeholders, especially on the community scale. The current research also highlights the importance of determining the actual value of green open spaces for various stakeholders as an essential entry point for placemaking. In addition, it is urging considering the multifunctionality of green spaces as a basis for formulating and negotiating an urban greening policy and strategy in Cairo.
... The place is a dimension formed by people's relationship with physical settings, individual and group activities, and meanings (Najafi & Shariff, 2011). According to studies analysed, places are not only essential factors in forming and preserving individual and social identity, but they can also have a crucial influence on human behaviour and psychological wellness. ...
... Preserving the environmental quality requires a strong sense of place or belonging. (Najafi & Shariff, 2011). ...
... 'Place Attachment', 'Place Identity' and 'Sense of Place' are some concepts that could describe the quality of people's relationships with a place (Najafi & Shariff, 2011). The term "sense of place" was frequently used to describe human emotions about when and where they reside, although "place attachment" could apply to either a significant stage throughout a person's life or even a source of motivation, or how and where they live. ...
Identifying the critical elements in fisherman's village is vital as the identity of the place is slowly dying due to the rapid coastal development. The research objectives were to understand elements of cultural identity and characteristics of water village culture, to identify the cultural identity and characteristics of the water village in Malaysia, and to evaluate typical culture water village activities in Malaysia. A comparative study is conducted to determine the main element that signifies the fisherman village in Malaysia to guide and retain the future identity of fishers in Malaysia. Keywords: fishermen water village, sense of place, cultural identity eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: ttps://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i20.3507
... The affective experience of a person in a specific setting (Najafi & Shariff, 2011;Steele, 1981). A sense of place encompasses the characteristics and components of a physical place or location, as well as the feelings people experience when they visit, see, or hear that place (Qazimi, 2014). ...
... Despite some commonalities, scholarly definitions of the term are diverse. Broadly, a sense of place may be defined as the affective experience of a person in a specific setting (Najafi & Shariff, 2011;Steele, 1981). That is, a sense of place refers to the characteristics and components of a physical place or location, as well as the feelings people experience when they visit, see, or ...
... A sense of place may "allude to the complex relationship between humans and their environment" (Qazimi, 2014, p. 307). This relationship may evoke a sense of attachment or belonging to a specific environment (Najafi & Shariff, 2011), which may foster spirituality (Counted & Zock, 2019). Tacey (2000Tacey ( , 2003 more broadly refers to a spirit of place. ...
... The "sense of place" is a significant factor influencing the qualities of people's relationship with a place [24], and is used widely in multidisciplinary studies. For example, in environmental psychology, a sense of place includes a bonding between people and places and creates a meaning of their experience within the place [25,26]. ...
... Psychological bonding linking people with places needs to be protected during processes of urban regeneration and development. Weak psychological bonding can influence the emotional attachment to the place [32], and can be crucial in shaping human behaviour and enhancing mental health [24]. ...
... As mentioned repeatedly during the in-depth interviews, not all old buildings were in good condition. Managing old buildings through conservation activity (such as adaptive-reuse, revitalization, reconstruction) would bring positive effects on the mental well-being in the city [24,32]. This has been emphasized by a previous study [49], which mentioned that it is not enough to only consider physical features when creating a walkable city, but also important to think about the perceptual qualities which were psychological features. ...
This study aims to assess a sense of place in the context of an Indonesian city through real-time walking experience. With rapid urban development, the cityscape may change, leading to a lack of a sense of place. Here, the sense of place was measured by utilizing individual reactions to different urban design qualities and perceptual qualities during walking. Previous methods on visitors’ evaluation of places, walking experience and photographing, were adapted by adding two more stages: in-depth interviews and a workshop, obtaining participants’ opinions and behaviours. The analysis results showed that the participants experienced the sense of place through physical and non-physical features corresponding to walking speed. While the old buildings and ornament details attracted participants’ attention, this study demonstrated that the two-way interaction with residents also strengthened the sense of place. The major finding was that the participants were concerned about improving pedestrian infrastructure and the conservation of old buildings in the area. With the assistance of in-depth interviews and a workshop, participants’ perspectives were visually reflected in a comprehensive way. This study may be helpful for urban planners to manage the sense of place in historic city centres under the pressure of rapid urban development.
... The illustration in Figure 7 shows the physical attributes of Sade Village that could generate form-based interiority. These findings aligned with previous findings that physical attributes could stimulate the sense of place (Canter, 1977;Coburn et al., 2020;Erkılıç et al., 2021;Montgomery, 1998;Najafi & Shariff, 2011;Punter, 1991;Schulz, 1980). This concept supports the idea that the formation of the built environment can create spaces and the accompanying interiority (Teston, 2020). ...
... Some theoretical and practical implications could be drawn from the above exposition. Theoretically, findings on form-based interiority support previous findings on physical attributes that could stimulate the sense of place (Canter, 1977;Erkılıç et al., 2021;Montgomery, 1998;Najafi & Shariff, 2011;Punter, 1991;Schulz, 1980). The finding also supports the study of Teston (2020). ...
This study aims to find and define interiority as an initiative to preserve culture and traditions in Sade Village, Lombok Island, a tourist area in Indonesia. This study adopted qualitative research with the case study method, recording several data sources through field observation, literature studies, archives, and in-depth interviews with community leaders. This study identifies the typology of areas that create psychological, form-based, atmospheric, and programmatic interiority (Teston, 2020) in various configurations. This study found the types of interiorities in Sade Village that contribute to the corridor’s uniqueness, visitors’ feeling of insideness, and the area’s maintenance. Five categories of interiority, namely psychological, form-based, atmospheric, programmatic, and narrative interiority were found in the corridor of Sade Village. The finding on narrative interiority refers to the philosophy of social life of the local community, producing interiority by the meaningful ancient tradition and local beliefs. This study would contribute to increasing awareness of the inherent cultural values of Sade Village to strengthen the image of the area and its tourism potential.
... Sikap terhadap tempat adalah sikap yang ditunjukkan pengunjung jika mereka memiliki pengalaman dan keterlibatan di suatu tempat (Shamai, 1991). Sikap ini dibentuk berdasarkan kegiatan pengunjung, karakteristik tempat, dan makna tempat (Najafi & Shariff, 2011). Sikap terhadap tempat memiliki beberapa tingkatan, semakin tinggi tingkatannya maka semakin besar keinginan pengunjung untuk berpartisipasi dalam menjaga tempat tersebut. ...
... Dimensi yang memiliki hubungan sangat kuat yaitu orang tertarik berkunjung ke hutan kota karena kegiatan relaksasi (r=0,52; p < 0,0001), yang memiliki hubungan kuat yaitu kegiatan rekreasi (r=0,32; p < 0,001) dan kegiatan melihat atraksi (r=0,31; p < 0,001). Hal tersebut sejalan dengan teori sense of place (Najafi & Shariff, 2011) bahwa sikap orang terhadap suatu tempat dapat dibentuk berdasarkan kegiatan pengunjung, karakteristik tempat, dan makna tempat. ...
The urban forest is a tourist destination in a natural urban environment. The relationship between visitor activities, the characteristics of the place, and the meaning of the place is very important in maintaining its nature. This research was conducted using mixed-method approach, with exploratory sequential design. The first stage explores the motivation for visiting and activities in the urban forest. The second stage reveals the correlation between internal, external motivational factors, activities, and a sense of place in the urban forest. The analysis used is factor analysis and multivariate correlation analysis, to look for relationships between dimensions that are formed based on measured variables. The results showed a correlation between internal motivation, external motivation, activities and a sense of place, interested in visiting the urban forest because of their physiological, psychological, natural environment, accessibility and relaxation needs. Meanwhile, they are very interested because of their social, cultural, recreational activities and seeing attractions.
... Even literature reveals that the design process should account the meanings and values of the specific site. [49][50][51][52] However not much information has been found on how lighting should account these meanings and values in the design process. The interview responses from participants of Saint-Avit-Sénieur and Naghshe-Jahan-Square sites reveal that both sites hold rich cultural or religious meanings and values for the people. ...
... 61 An important feature of lighting is to provide a feeling of safety within spaces. 13,52,56,57 Safety of a space is an important parameter for cultivating a sense of place. 56 3.2.8. ...
This paper aims to establish lighting as a key facilitator in the placemaking processes for World Heritage Sites. Placemaking is a process of designing, managing, planning and programming the development of shared public spaces within the urban fabric. Research methods inspired from ethnography such as interviews, observations and questionnaires are used to gather data from three main groups of people related to the lighting of World Heritage Sites namely: heritage experts, lighting designers, and locals and visitors. Two UNESCO designated World Heritage Sites are investigated as case studies: Saint-Avit-Sénieur in Dordogne, France and Naghshe-Jahan-Square in Isfahan, Iran. Thematic analysis of the data collected from these investigations reveal key lighting characteristics and lighting design considerations that can facilitate the placemaking process for World Heritage Sites. The lighting characteristics include: avoiding over-lighting, overly theatrical lighting and uniform lighting; balancing floodlighting; preventing glare; providing flexible and harmonious lighting. The lighting design considerations include: accounting meanings and values; amplifying narratives; balancing genders; building attraction and excitement; creating layers; enhancing atmospheres; ensuring safety; improving functionality; offering interpretations; and supporting activities.
... Social relationships were strongly related to emotional connectedness, as they are both based on sense of place and place attachment embedded in the meanings associated with the built environment. Those meanings motivate emotional bonds with the environment and increase social interactions, which are essential to SWB (Najafi and Shariff 2011). ...
... Social connections and relationships Quantity and quality of social relationships Community engagement and volunteering activities (Lalli 1992), (Najafi and Shariff 2011), (Gifford, Steg, and Reser 2011), (Ander et al. 2012), (Ujang, Moulay, and Zakariya 2015), (Chi, Cai, and Li 2017), (Mouratidis 2018a), (Martínez 2019) ...
This research aims to reveal and discuss state-of-the-art research addressing the relation between built heritage and individuals’ subjective wellbeing (SWB). Through a systematic literature review, fifty-one studies were analyzed. Even if limited, past research confirms the substantial relation between built heritage and subjective wellbeing, and six primary factors and other sub-factors were identified. This paper's originality is found in its focus, being the link between built heritage and subjective wellbeing seldom addressed, and the definition of a six-factor model deduced from the state-of-the-art, as a theoretical framework to support further research. This paper contributes to the ongoing notion of human-centrality in the built environment and the growing trend to give importance to the human experiences within the built heritage context. The results are valuable for academics and policymakers, contributing to a tailored and place-based sustainable urban development.
... Different to space, place always expresses a relationship between humans and the built environment. Place is a particular space, which contains meaning and values for different users (Najafi and Shariff, 2011). In his work on Place and placelessness, Relph (1976) has pointed out three components of place: physical setting, activities and meaning. ...
... Montgomery has argued that, according to these components and the associated listed attributes, the opportunity exists to make out a set of design principles for creating Sense of place can be defined as an emotional relationship between people and places (Najafi and Shariff, 2011). In other words, sense of place is the sensory experience of people including the meaning of the place. ...
Eighty percent of our cities outdoor public spaces are streets. Apart from the infrastructural function, urban streets are a place for social interactions – a place for a daily talk or a coffee break. Based on the example of Berlin's Maaßenstraße – a novel street model based on the shared space idea – this thesis sets out to discover the potential of specific urban design on urban soundscapes and to improve understanding of the relationship between activity and sound perception. The lack of knowledge on the actual use of urban design tools for soundscape issues resulted in the development of a methodology that combined activity maps and soundscape assessment. The results showed that the number of people who are sitting in cafes, contribute a positive influence on the perception of human sounds. Furthermore, the quantitative and the qualitative analyses of the assessment of the soundscape showed that human sounds decrease the perception of loudness, and increase acoustic quality. Considering human sounds as a consequence of activity a framework is proposed which links activity to the physical setting and built environment. To point out the practical use of the framework, the arrangement of some (non-acoustic) elements are proposed to improve the sonic quality of the street. The proposed framework can be used as a tool for urban planners to design future urban spaces with an adequate sound environment and consequently improve public health.
... However, the principal focus is always the character of the area, even if it is not limited to it. Therefore, even if the need for a more conscious involvement of local communities for the reinforcement of the sense of place [42,43] is confirmed, Furthermore, the critical issues observed within the Izu Peninsula UGGp can be faced using the Diffused Geopark approach. Even if a holistic approach to the valorization processes, both at spatial and temporal levels [38], has been carried out concerning the above-mentioned natural elements, still, several critical issues have also been underlined with reference to the level of geo-conservation, the urban footprint of the nearby Tokyo area and the lack of awareness among the local population [39]. ...
... However, the principal focus is always the character of the area, even if it is not limited to it. Therefore, even if the need for a more conscious involvement of local communities for the reinforcement of the sense of place [42,43] is confirmed, Izu Peninsula UGGp can be considered a symbol of the Japanese approach to the relationships of local UGGps with their boundaries and the general national, environmental, social and economic context as well. ...
The concept of a UNESCO Global Geopark (UGGp) itself implies that the integration of geological, biological and anthropogenic factors and related values, both tangible and intangible, are at the base of any interpretation, communication, educative practices and enhancement aiming at strengthening the sense of place in local communities, as well as guiding those areas toward sustainable economic growth. However, the measures and good practices codified for UGGps limit their impact on the properties’ boundaries, sometimes neglecting the strong natural, social and cultural link between the listed areas, their surroundings and other serial geosites. The paper introduces a five-step study on selected examples of Geoparks and geosites in Italy, Japan and Tunisia, sometimes also including areas inscribed in the UNESCO list as cultural sites, focusing on the possible role of UGGps as drivers for sustainable development of geotourism. The research considers the contextualization of UNESCO UGGps within a broader territorial scale, introducing the concept of Diffused Geopark as a new opportunity in protection and management practices and as a driver for local economies and internationalization of lesser-known contexts.
... Socially, placemaking engenders community buy-in and aims to increase a sense of place and place attachment to form place identity (Coghlan et al. 2017). People's attachment to a place and the identities they develop within a place is important for wellbeing and agency over their neighborhood(s) (Najafi & Shariff 2011;Jones & Evans 2012). People's attachment to a place can be measured through language and photos that users take of a place, generating meaning of a piece of art specifically, or a place generally (Skinner 2018;Gonçalves 2019). ...
... These interactions show how continued collaboration and efforts in public art and arts and culture elevation in Camden will continue to contribute to a sense of place as residents remain engaged and continue their civic engagement. As seen through A New View, people's engagement in both physical and digital events, art installations, and contests represented user agency in meaning making of those experiences, important experiences for residents' wellbeing and agency over their neighborhood(s) (Najafi & Shariff 2011;Jones & Evans 2012). In Camden, the dedication to co-creation of physical and digital placemaking supported through users' agency contributed to the reimagination of sense of place in Camden, a reimagination that will continue across other public art and collaborative initiatives in Camden in the coming years. ...
The process of placemaking entails the use of physical and digital representations of place. An understudied element of these representations is how users’ agency and interaction with physical and digital placemaking contributes to sense of place within a community. This research uses A New View - Camden, New Jersey (ANV) public art initiative as a case study to analyze how digital representation of space contributes to sense of place among community members in an urban setting. ANV’s social media reach and coverage is triangulated with data from interviews and focus groups from the 2019-2021 project period. The digital interactions with public spaces evoked meaning to experiences and places in Camden, in turn influencing perceptions of the place and willingness of community members to engage. A New View’s digital representations not only created opportunities for wider outreach and longer lasting experiences of placemaking that contributed positively to community, but also contributed to understanding of placemaking in urban public spaces, particularly during the COVID-19 global pandemic.
... Socio-demographic characteristics and environmental experiences usually drive the attachment to a place. Likewise, memory and the history of a place are significant factors in forming a sense of place, as explained by Najafi & Shariff (2011). ...
This study aims to identify and critically analyze Outdoor Advertising in Yogyakarta using a socio-design approach. Outdoor Advertising, such as banners, banners, posters, billboards, and other media installed in every corner of Yogyakarta, is a dilemma. According to the view of a person or institution/industry, existence of Outdoor Advertising is an effective medium for conveying promotional messages to the public. Meanwhile, for regulators, especially for local governments, this can provide regional income through relatively high taxes. Nevertheless, on the other hand, the rise of Outdoor Advertising raises aesthetic, security, and environmental management issues in Yogyakarta City. This study uses a qualitative method with a socio-design approach (social aesthetics). The social-aesthetic process appreciates design work in a socio-environmental context, both the human environment, the natural environment, and the social environment. The design work in this study is the design of Outdoor Advertising is an essential variable because the delivery of messages through Outdoor Advertising will determine the content, shape, and type, as well as the location or installation. When viewed from a functional context, advertising is to help market products and services persuasively. From the aesthetic context, outdoor advertising displays must focus on Yogyakarta's social, economic, cultural, and environmental aspects. The results of this study indicate that Outdoor Advertising is needed for communicators to convey messages on products/services. As an essential regulator, the local government makes public spatial planning policies related to ad placement. Therefore, Outdoor Advertising can help increase the positive perception of the correlated people to form the image of the Yogyakarta city planning, which is unique and has a comfortable heart.
... The 'Sense of Place' is a subjective perception based on the physical characteristics of a place and involves cognitive and perceptual factors in a sense of time (Hashemnezhad, Heidari, & Hoseini, 2013;Najafi & Shariff, 2011;Scannell & Gifford, 2014). Through the time, sacredness of a place is developed, and it ties intimately to the sense of authenticity of that specific place (Birch & Sinclair, 2013;Mazumdar & Mazumdar, 2004). ...
The mosque is a sacred important religious symbol for bringing Muslims together as demonstrated during the time of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). This paper investigates the potential of Masjid Ar-Rahman of Pulau Gajah, Kelantan as a spot for mosque tourism. Although this mosque was constructed in 2016, it has demonstrated simplicity in its scale and traditional image. It has the value of hybrid assimilation or Hindu-Buddhist syncretism and tolerance and coined as the Nusantara hybridized Malay and Javanese architectural styles. The typology of this humble Malay Mosque architecture is of medium-scale and reflects the Sufistic contextual value beliefs encouraging religious and architectural tourism alike. The conceptual framework capitalises the research gap found in mosque cultural, architectural and Sufistic beliefs research by further delving into constructing the ‘Sense of Place’ in relation to the ‘Sacred Places’. This research employs qualitative methods of interviewing visitors, applying phenomenological and case study approaches supported by architectural documentation in emphasising the symbolic and semiotic aesthetics aspects in constructing the ‘Sense of Place’ bonded by the Sufistic symbolic aesthetics. The theory is constructed in the deeply rooted Islamic Mosque architecture via Sufistic beliefs that provides platform for the mosque tourism activities.
... Sense of place merupakan pengalaman yang dirasakan manusia pada sebuah setting, berdasarkan interpretasi dan perasaan emosional, yakni perasaan terstimulasi, bersemangat, senang, dan gembira (Steele, 1981;Hummon 1992). Sense of place tidak diciptakan oleh suatu entitas yang tunggal, melainkan diciptakan secara multidimensional (Beidler dan Morrison, 2016;Najafi dan Shariff, 2011). ...
Urban tourism phenomenon has rarely been studied using both tourism and urban studies approach, whereas urban environment play an essential role in tourism attractiveness. This research investigates the considerably high tourist visit in public space of Titik Nol Kilometer Yogyakarta as an urban tourism phonemenon using a multidimensional concept of sense of place which explains relationship between the tourist (people) and the public area (place). The analysis is focused on the place making components that creates sense of place. The sense of place concept is explored through qualitative analysis, with data collected from physical and behavioural mapping, and online interviews with tourists. Overlay and interactive analytical model is performed to identify the sense of place and its component. Sense of place in Titik Nol Kilometer is identified as emotional relationship between tourist and public space setting which becomes not only a place for recreational or creative events performed by the citizen or local people, but also an attractive destination for tourist that brings personal experience of the unique life of Yogyakarta city. Sense of place is created by the connectedness of various elements based on physical setting, activity, and meaning parameters which coherently combined and complement each other’s existence. The process involved the collaboration of planned place making and organic place making, which enable the coexistence of ‘old and new’, and ‘local and tourist’ contrast.
... Individuals who stay in a place for a long time develop feelings of belonging to that place, and thus the place they live in becomes a substantial part of their personality (Derrett, 2003). Space is always a source of human activities and has psychological effects that reveal related emotions this sense of belonging stems from three psychological processes: familiarity, attachment, and identity (Najafi & Shariff, 2011). Place attachment, like attachment to a person, can be conceptualized as a set of emotions and behaviors that modulate the distance of the attachment object, which is a source of protection and satisfaction and thus maintain attachment (Billig, 2006). ...
This study aims to determine the effect of destination satisfaction and place attachment on behavioral intention. The research population consists of tourists visiting the cittaslow of Seferihisar. Convenience sampling and the survey technique were used to obtain the data. Questionnaires were collected face-to-face and online between 10 May and 21 August 2022, and 428 questionnaires were analyzed. The Smart PLS statistical program was used in the research to test the hypotheses for the scales of destination satisfaction, place attachment, and behavioral intention. The structural equation model was used to analyze the data. In this context, it was found that the destination satisfaction of the tourists participating in the research has a positive effect on the place attachment dimensions of place dependence, place identity, place effect, and social bond. It was found that place addiction, place effect and place identity had a positive effect on behavioral intention, while social bond had no effect on behavioral intention. In addition, recommendations were developed in line with the research results.
... Furthermore, spatial thinking can serve as a curricular framework to develop a sense of place [73]. It has been found that sense of place is an interaction between people and the environment [74], while geospatial thinking is the collection of information about the environment by people [75]. Moreover, when geospatial thinking is used to solve geographical problems, the first thing that is needed is the collection of relevant geographical information [76]. ...
An individual’s sense of place has a motivational impetus on how s/he relates to the place. Thus, environmentally sustainable behaviors are deemed as products of a person’s sense of place. However, little is known about the extent to which geospatial thinking conditions a person’s sense of place. Accordingly, this study builds a theoretical model that examines the influence of geospatial thinking on a person’s sense of place. Further, it investigates the mediating role of creativity. A survey data from 1037 senior high school students in western China was utilized to test the theoretical model. The findings indicate that students’ geospatial thinking has a positive relationship with their creative behaviors and sense of place. Students’ creativity was found to facilitate their sense of place. Moreover, students’ creativity was discovered to mediate the relationship between geospatial thinking and sense of place. These results provide useful implication for the cultivation of students’ sense of place. In this regard, geography education has the critical role in improving students’ geospatial thinking skills to stimulate creative behaviors for a better sense of place.
... On this subject, Shamai (1991) noted there is always an interaction between a place and the individual residing or experiencing the place. Hence, environment or physical spaces impact the person emotionally and spiritually, and as such, the person forms an emotional bond between oneself and the surrounding environment (Najafi, 2011). Furthermore, Pallasmaa (1996) viewed architecture as the home of spirits or dwelling space of metaphysics and building as a body. ...
The relationship between interior space qualities and well-being is being understood as consequential and reciprocal. On the one hand, the place has been demonstrated to have a strong psychological and physiological effect; on the other hand, feelings and human experience play a significant role in what individuals perceive to be efficient design. However, such research on well-being is predominately concerned with the health and work environments, and partial to more general features such as accessibility, comfort, or positive distraction. This thesis aims to bring well-being and spirituality to the foreground, including the spiritual relation with physical space into the discussion, and produce a framework for design thinking that includes a broad list of concerns, qualities, principles and approaches relevant to the construction of appropriate spatial identity and atmosphere. Hence, the focus is on the framework for meditation interiors, recreation, and spiritual experience where these qualities are desired. The main research questions of this study are; which features, elements, or qualities of interior space may be most effective in experience with respect to well-being and spirituality? What may be the physical features or qualities of interior architecture or space for healing and well-being? This study has a qualitative methodology. To extend understanding of the qualities that underlie the healing potential of interior architecture or space, it surveys relevant theoretical sources for clues on the concept of well-being and spirituality in correlation with the experience of space/place. Furthermore, in order to obtain the principal features of spatial identity and atmosphere for spirituality, along with design tools and principles contributing towards it, the study surveys architectural theoretical sources and conducts a brief overview of traditional meditation or religious interior spaces. Finally, it focuses on the spatial analysis of contemporary meditation interiors chosen from selected practice examples of the world. This thesis does not address the full scope and possibilities that architectural space may present for the experience of well-being or spirituality. However, it offers inception – an initial and broad list of concerns, qualities, principles, design approaches, and criteria that address the constitution of spatial identity and atmosphere for spirituality. In this respect, it is a pilot study for frameworks and is open to further refinement. Nevertheless, research on such potentials of space do have broader significance and implementation in places like spas, elderly homes, schools, and other public and private institutions.
Keywords: Meditation Interiors, Spiritual Practices, Space Quality, Healing, Well-Being, Interior Space
... By clamming to tackle urban problems, the Egyptian authorities seem to neglect two facts; only 12% of the Egyptians are car owners (Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, 2021), and the city should be people-oriented (Bernner et al., 2012). Furthermore, the authoritarian urban interventions neglected the basic fundaments Ignoring the collaborative role of the local community, creating car-oriented solutions and fly-overs lead to a sense of placelessness where space does not convey any meaning, mainly if placelessness is described as culturally unidentifiable environments similar anywhere (Najafi & Shariff, 2011). Traffic necessity might be meaningful for the through traffic, but for the residents, it is meaningless and harmful (DeMilked, 2019). ...
Top-down or authoritarian urban interventions in Cairo mushroomed in 2018; flyovers, transforming the streets into express and arterial roads cutting through residential areas. Furthermore, they were carried out in the name of “development”; however, their liveability measures and Placemaking aspects seem questionable. In order to monitor and evaluate the top-down urban interventions’ measures, significant cases from Pretorian Cairo were chosen for assessment. Various authoritarian urban interventions from 2018 to 2022 in Cairo are collected, described according to their values, are analyzed in relation to Placemaking aspects and objectives. Neglecting pedestrians’ safety, ignoring acts of imagining places for human activities, maximising capitalist profit, creating car-oriented projects and eliminating potential public collaboration produced a process the author calls placeless-making. They presented the following characteristics: overwhelming domination of commercial investments, street billboards in numerous sizes and designs and visually unidentified spaces. No place identity was created, no public collaboration was achieved, and no physical activities were encouraged.
... Altman y Low (1992) describieron este concepto como "un puente emocional entre las personas y sus entornos". En su definición, el apego al lugar incluye las interacciones que se dan entre las emociones, los conocimientos, las creencias y los comportamientos que se dan en un entorno (Najafi & Bin Mohd Shariff, 2011,). El concepto de apego al lugar implica aspectos psicológicos y funcionales de la comunicación del ser humano con su entorno. ...
Hoy en día la tecnología se ha convertido en una componente esencial de nuestros entornos urbanos. La ciudad mediada es una realidad que aprovecha diversos tipos de tecnologías para mejorar la eficacia de la vida urbana cotidiana y revelar otros modos de vida posibles. Los espacios aumentados emergen como elementos vertebradores de estas ciudades, utilizando la realidad aumentada (RA) para facilitar la comunicación y la interacción entre lugares digitales y físicos. La ciudad puede volver a ser aquel lugar donde niños y niñas juegan y desarrollan sus habilidades físicas y sociales. Frente a las tendencias de ocio infantil que fomentan el sedentarismo y otros hábitos poco saludables, las nuevas tecnologías constituyen una oportunidad para que los menores recuperen la experiencia urbana del juego. Además, la interacción de los menores con su entorno urbano propicia el desarrollo de apego al lugar, un vínculo emocional y afectivo que define la relación existente entre los sujetos y el lugar que habitan. Para el desarrollo de esta tesis resulta central incorporar al diseño de la ciudad las condiciones inducidas desde la ciudad mediada. Este artículo explora la tecnología de la realidad aumentada como estrategia de reactivación del espacio público para los menores, proporcionándoles una forma nueva de interactuar con su ciudad y, en consecuencia, de fomentar el sentimiento de apego al lugar. Junto al planteamiento teórico, se exponen tres casos de estudio que muestran cómo los menores juegan con aplicaciones de realidad aumentada y cómo esta tecnología es susceptible de propiciar el desarrollo de habilidades afectivas relacionadas con la percepción infantil del espacio urbano.
... Altman y Low (1992) describieron este concepto como "un puente emocional entre las personas y sus entornos". En su definición, el apego al lugar incluye las interacciones que se dan entre las emociones, los conocimientos, las creencias y los comportamientos que se dan en un entorno (Najafi & Bin Mohd Shariff, 2011,). El concepto de apego al lugar implica aspectos psicológicos y funcionales de la comunicación del ser humano con su entorno. ...
Hoy en día la tecnología se ha convertido en una componente esencial de nuestros entornos urbanos. La ciudad mediada es una realidad que aprovecha diversos tipos de tecnologías para mejorar la eficacia de la vida urbana cotidiana y revelar otros modos de vida posibles. Los espacios aumentados emergen como elementos vertebradores de estas ciudades, utilizando la realidad aumentada (RA) para facilitar la comunicación y la interacción entre lugares digitales y físicos. La ciudad puede volver a ser aquel lugar donde niños y niñas juegan y desarrollan sus habilidades físicas y sociales. Frente a las tendencias de ocio infantil que fomentan el sedentarismo y otros hábitos poco saludables, las nuevas tecnologías constituyen una oportunidad para que los menores recuperen la experiencia urbana del juego. Además, la interacción de los menores con su entorno urbano propicia el desarrollo de apego al lugar, un vínculo emocional y afectivo que define la relación existente entre los sujetos y el lugar que habitan. Para el desarrollo de esta tesis resulta central incorporar al diseño de la ciudad las condiciones inducidas desde la ciudad mediada. Este artículo explora la tecnología de la realidad aumentada como estrategia de reactivación del espacio público para los menores, proporcionándoles una forma nueva de interactuar con su ciudad y, en consecuencia, de fomentar el sentimiento de apego al lugar. Junto al planteamiento teórico, se exponen tres casos de estudio que muestran cómo los menores juegan con aplicaciones de realidad aumentada y cómo esta tecnología es susceptible de propiciar el desarrollo de habilidades afectivas relacionadas con la percepción infantil del espacio urbano.
... Altman and Low described this concept as an emotional bridge between people and their environments. In their statement, place attachment includes interactions that are between emotions, knowledge, beliefs, and behaviours that occur in an environment [18]. The concept of place attachment involves psychological and functional aspects of human's communication with their environment. ...
Nowadays technology has become an essential component in our urban environments. The mediated city is a concept that takes advantage of various kinds of technology to enhance the functional efficiency of daily urban life. Augmented spaces are one of the main elements of mediated cities which use Augmented Reality (AR) to facilitate communication and interaction between digital and physical spaces. Children, as users of augmented spaces, have the potential to explore mediated cities using various AR-enabled accessories. This ability gives children the opportunity to get a closer sense of connection to their city and experience place attachment which is the emotional bond formed between themselves and the place. This paper explores three case studies that exhibit how children use AR technology to develop various skills. Our goal is to promote AR as a contemporary tool that helps children better perceive and experience the feeling of place attachment in their city.
... Especially in the Asian context, the inevitable rapid urban transformation leading to the fast-vanishing Asian streets along with the lack of Asian perspectives as emphasised by The Great Asian Streets Symposium in 2001 (Jacobs, 2010 as cited by Ng and Kian, 2021) has fuelled the contestation of Asian street identity. Studies somehow engage these "Asian streets" as the main urban component that represents and relays the overall urban identity (Said and Hamzah, 2020;Najafi and Shariff, 2011;Hikmah, 2014;Rahman et al., 2014). Perhaps as the most public space, the street, plays a significant role as the immediate source and essence of forming the city's character (Boussa, 2017;Rahman et al., 2014;Oktay, 2002). ...
Purpose
In the face of urbanisation, there has been prior and current discourse on the gradual thinning out of street identities. Particularly, the diasporic identity of streets such as Petaling Street (Chinatown) has received increasing attention due to diverse development and gentrification plans for the purpose of tourism and urban development. Current and future urban development plans of Kuala Lumpur have led to the need to analyse Petaling Street's identity. Taking this as a point for departure, this paper aims to analyse the contemporary diasporic identity of Petaling street in the face of rapid urbanisation. While there have been studies that addressed Petaling Street's identity, the focus has been from social, cultural and perceptual perspectives which relates to the intangible aspect of place. Taking an alternative stance, this paper studies the contemporary meaning of Petaling Street through the visual communication of facades.
Design/methodology/approach
Adapting from Odgen–Richard and Parsaee, semiotics, or the study of signs and symbols, is applied as both theoretical and methodological concept to draw meanings. It examines the visual communication of the cultural products that have evolved from the social processes in shaping the street character. Particularly, this paper examines the street identities by studying the contestation of urban sign and symbols of selected street facades.
Findings
The findings reinforced the contestation of identities in Petaling street, with key signifiers of signages, ornament and colour being physical aspects that contest a sense of Chinese-ness. The functional meaning portrayed by the facades due to social, political and economic factors led to the contestations of meaning formed by society that has left the street in a state of irrelevant and unfamiliarity.
Practical implications
It calls to action for retention of significant urban elements of street facades to prevent further diminution of diasporic meanings which characterise Petaling Street as a whole in the process of urbanisation.
Originality/value
It provides basis to understand the contemporary identity and values of Petaling Street and the shift in meanings that has left the street in a state of irrelevant and unfamiliarity. This can prevent further diminution of diasporic meanings which characterise Petaling Street as a whole in the process of urbanisation.
... Therefore, it is necessary to study further the role of the physical and natural environment in the sense of attachment [52]. The concept of the sense of place includes three elements: location, landscape, and personal involvement [53]. ...
Healing perception is considered to increase visitors’ place attachment and loyalty. This research employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the structural relationship between healing perception, place attachment, environmental design, and visitors’ loyalty to a place. The study investigated a metropolitan park in Gaoxiong, Taiwan, and collected 431 valid questionnaires on the site. The results showed that the environmental design affected the human perception of healing and place attachment, which substantially affected the visitors’ loyalty toward the place. The healing perception powerfully impacted loyalty (0.76), which contained an indirect effect through place attachment and enhanced the direct impact of healing perception. Moreover, the environmental design had a capable direct effect (0.62) on visitors’ loyalty through two full mediation paths: healing perception and place attachment. The study sheds light on designing a healing park that could enhance visitors’ place attachment and strongly affect their loyalty to the park.
... The ability to develop a certain form of relationship with a place is observed in various private and public spaces, specifically in the shopping areas. It is also found in similar commercial areas and is inseparable from the physical (Najafi and Shariff, 2011;Stedman, 2003;Tandon and Sehgal, 2017) and the social aspects of a place (Kundu, 2016). ...
Purpose
This study aims to capture a sense of place by analysing the physical attributes of the traditional shopping streets located in Indonesia and Malaysia through Instagram posts.
Design/methodology/approach
This study adopted a direct content analysis using visual images of 400 posts of Indonesian and Malaysian respondents. The Instagram Application Programming Interface (API) was used to extract data from Instagram posts. It is then followed by the quantitative analysis to determine the frequencies of visual and narrative representations of physical attributes defining the sense of place.
Findings
Five visual and narrative categories, namely architectural style, store design, special focal points, and the varieties of products and services that represent the physical attributes of shopping streets, were investigated. The findings would benefit the urban preservation initiatives so that the sense of place as authentic tourism destinations can be secured.
Social implications
The awareness of the traditional shopping street as a place of character, especially from social media users, is able to create local values that lead to place imageability and promote national tourism.
Originality/value
This study captured the sense of traditional places based on the people’s identifications that were shared on social media platforms. The posts’ preferences confirmed the significance of traditional shopping streets as a place of attraction and identity. The findings addressed the functions of physical attributes in sustaining the historical and authentic values of traditional shopping streets.
... individual integration and sense of place (Najafi & Shariff, 2011). Consequently, one's 618 prioritization or deference associated with a place, might be a central socio-spatial process that 619 evokes intense embodied feelings of engrossment and intimacy with a place. ...
Scholarship examining diverse relationships between place and human experience continues to be of great interest given that these interactions impact human development, functioning, and health. While many concepts have been developed to capture and quantify the impacts of place-based experiences in recent years, no concept has yet been proposed that outlines the potential experience of immersion in place. This meta-synthesis outlines such a notion through offering a multidisciplinary conceptualization of “place immersion” as a spatially-based neuropsychosocial phenomenon. Place immersion is organized into three domains that contribute to an experience of immersion in place: neuro-spatial (i.e., relevant embodied precognitive processes involved in analyzing and responses to the features of a place), psycho-spatial (i.e., relevant embodied conscious processes involved in analyzing and responses to the features of a place), and socio-spatial (i.e., the culturally-, linguistically-, and socially-mediated meanings that are enacted by an individual in a particular place). A composite definition of the concept is offered, and potential research contributions and opportunities for place immersion are also discussed.
... As one of the main factors affecting the generation of a sense of place, the physical environment has a very real, immediate or long-term impact on people's behavior, psychology and body (Najafi and Shariff 2011). The placemaking of urban spaces is generally analyzed by observing the interaction time, aesthetic perception and social behavior of people in the place (Huang and He 2014). ...
The generation of transnational immigrants’ sense of place in the religious space of the
places they move to can protect and promote their integration into the local society by shaping a sense of place identity and belonging through the positive effects of human–environment interaction and the strengthening of the religious beliefs of the migrant community. China is in a period of economic transition in the post-reform and opening-up era, and has become one of the key testing grounds for observing and summarizing the internationally mobile population. However, there is a
relative lack of empirical studies at the micro level. It is unclear how the socio-cultural and physical environment in religious places in urban China influences and leads to the construction of identity and local meaning among transnational immigrants. This study uses the Chapelle Notre-Dame de Lourdes in Guangzhou as an empirical case study, distributes questionnaires to foreign immigrants, and applies data mining approaches to analyze the data. The study also explores the knowledge of the rules related to the religious atmosphere perceived by the immigrants in this environment and their place identity, place attachment and place dependency. This study found that a place of
worship that supports frequent and interactive ritual activities and provides a natural, harmonious,
and solemn green landscape environment can effectively promote foreign immigrants’ sense of local attachment to the place of worship. The establishment of emotional relationships between religious places and foreign immigrants depends on the immigrant community’s satisfaction with the local physical environment and its perceived judgment. The speed of attachment and identity building depends on the light and shadow environment, architectural colors and materials, natural vegetation and other environmental elements related to the creation of the religious atmosphere that people
perceive in the place. For Guangzhou City, which is in the process of globalization and transition to
“multicultural services”, this study provides local policy makers with a critical reference for decision making on the creation and renewal of religious places in immigrant communities. The provision of more relevant production and living services for the internationally mobile population, and the enhancement of the local identity of the internationally mobile population to the place of migration are directions that academia and society need to explore together in the future.
... So, a place where one grows up and lives might have the capacity to change the experiential relationship with the place. As the users' past experiences, backgrounds, memories, personality, knowledge, attitude, motivations, beliefs, age, and gender may influence the content of perception and experience of place (Najafi et al., 2011). This point also defines another critic for the group Sensewalking sessions of this research, as the participants' familiarity just given as externally. ...
The 'sensory' plays a vital role in examining human and world interrelations if often overlooked. This thesis aims to have a new understanding of Istiklal Street, Istanbul, through the area's sensory qualities. The research is ground on a 'phenomenological' approach and intends to move beyond the urban visual experiences by looking into the area's multi-sensory experiences. The practice of 'sensewalking' has been used in research to cope with visually-oriented urban assessments. This investigation, which is structured with a qualitative lens to discover the Street's sensory aspects, would be worthwhile primarily for the fields of architecture, urban sensory design. As we see, the changing socio-cultural structure, economic and political movements, law regulations, innovative transportation and communication activities have resulted in a controversial modification of Istanbul in recent years. On Istiklal Street, Istanbul's culture, entertainment, tourism focus, many buildings were restored, moved, converted, closed, and demolished after the 1990s. All have been significant elements in terms of the qualitative value of this area. Many debates have been put forward by social scientists, urban planners, and architects about Istiklal Street's transformation. Except for the field of academic discussions, the enormous amounts of discourses in social media have shown that the multi-layered socio-cultural and architectural structure of Istiklal Street has been changing dramatically in a controversial way. This thesis supports the idea that while Istiklal Street has changed, the transformation has not been only spatial, socio-cultural, or economic. The research claims that the sensory experiences which have great importance in terms of intangible qualities of this area have begun to lose their distinctive features. Therefore, the research has focused on the individually sensed and assessed sensory qualities on the Street beyond the visual experiences. With the way of 'mapping', collected data of the sensewalking-based fieldworks has been presented. As the primary assessment, the research claims that Istiklal Street's sensory dimensions deserve to be recorded and decoded as expeditiously as possible to observe the sensory reflections of transformations in the area. The research findings showed that Istiklal Street's latest modifications and adjustments had arguably influenced this place's sensory qualities. The result says sensory stimuli of the place are connected, and the sensory elements create a specific sensory ambience. Moreover, the sensory interaction in the place is infected by the physical or spatial changes in the area. This research offers convincing evidence for the argument that the sensory composition of the urban place should not be considered separately from its non-visual characteristics. Istiklal Street's sensory consideration needs to be embedded in further investigations and applications. Increasing awareness about the distinctive sensory qualities and Sensemarks of urban places is worthwhile. The inhabitants' sensory urban experiences provide new insights to comprehend urban places. The research method, ‘sensewalking’, produced an unconventional, novel attitude in the context of qualitative-based urban studies to see the sensory reflections of the physical urban transformations. The research's findings opened creative and productive ways for architecture, urban design, planning, urban ethnography, and intangible heritage studies. Keywords—Istiklal Street, Istanbul, Sense, Sensory Experiences, Sensewalking, Sensory Mapping.
... The potential that iVR has to produce a feeling of spatial presence is a prerequisite for creating a sense of place (Turner & Turner, 2006). Sense of place is an authentic experience, which includes affective as well as cognitive relationships to the place (Najafi & Shariff, 2011). In place-based disciplines such as geosciences, biology, or geography, sense of place significantly contributes to the students' understanding of the studied content (Fitzsimons & Farren, 2016;Stainfield et al., 2000). ...
Virtual and immersive virtual reality, VR and iVR, provide flexible and engaging learning opportunities, such as virtual field trips (VFTs). Despite its growing popularity for education, understanding how iVR compared to non-immersive media influences learning is still challenged by mixed empirical results and a lack of longitudinal research. This study addresses these issues through an experiment in which undergraduate geoscience students attended two temporally separated VFT sessions through desktop virtual reality (dVR) or iVR, with their learning experience and outcomes measured after each session. Our results show higher levels of enjoyment and satisfaction as well as a stronger sense of spatial presence in iVR students in both VFTs compared to dVR students, but no improvement in learning outcomes in iVR compared to dVR. More importantly, we found that there exists a critical interaction between VR condition and repeated participation in VFTs indicating that longitudinal exposure to VFTs improves knowledge performance more when learning in iVR than through dVR. These results suggest that repeated use of iVR may be beneficial in sustaining students’ emotional engagement and compensating the initial deficiency in their objective learning outcomes compared to other less immersive technologies.
... The work process in the brain is hierarchical which means it cannot be reversed [3]. Visual theory in architecture can be formed through 3 approaches, namely the color, shape, and layout of space [4]. ...
... Hence, smells have a significant influence on human perception and the way they perceive destinations. Identifying the place through its olfactory dimensions creates a personplace bond (Rodoway, 1994), place attachment (Najafi & Shariff, 2011), and place-making (Henshaw, 2013). Additionally, Quercia et al. (2015) made the first urban smell dictionary through the usage of geo-referenced social media tags, where people perceived the city of Barcelona as related to aromas of food and nature, but London related to odors of waste and emission. ...
The sensory attractiveness of destinations has recently been one of the most important focal points when considering the impact of senses on positive and memorable travel experiences. Specifically, urban areas reflect different multisensory dimensions that can be analyzed and included in marketing efforts to stimulate positive tourists' experience and memory of a place, but also to encourage local sustainable development. Despite the fact that tourism studies center tourist experience mainly on visual impressions , recent researches stress the importance of recognizing and understanding the role of the human body in forming positive experiences, which is in tourism literature known as sensescapes (i.e., tactile, visual, gustatory, olfactory, and auditory senses).
... In the process of being used, space solidifies not just an image of a place but also its meaning in the activity patterns of people utilizing it (Rapoport, 1982). In addition, sense of place is about how a person feels about a particular physical setting (Najafi & Shariff, 2011). Alongside tangible features, urban spaces trigger subjective responses in people navigating them, and it is feelings as well as the memories associated with urban spaces that frame a "sense of place" (Metzger, 2014). ...
High-speed railway (HSR) station areas are expected to benefit urban environments, not simply as transportation or economic hubs but also as urban places contributing to living quality. However, the relationship between HSR and place quality has not received systematic attention, despite the evolution of urban planning paradigms toward a clearer focus on quality of life. We have reviewed 44 academic articles written between 1996 and 2019 and analyzed concepts of place quality spanning the disciplines of urban design, urban planning, and urban economics. We identified three dimensions commonly associated with quality of place: a spatial dimension associated with aesthetic qualities of urban spaces; a socio-cultural dimension associated with experienced “sense of place”; and an economic dimension associated with the agglomeration of economic activities. Then we worked out these three dimensions in the context of HSR station areas and attributed features accordingly. We concluded that the economic dimension far outweighs the others in academic debates, with dominant theories being primarily concerned with land use, accessibility, and economic performance. Studies from the urban design field have tackled the spatial elements of place quality and showed a strong correlation with economic dimension. However, the literature remains insufficiently developed when it comes to addressing user experience and “sense of place.”
Backgorund - The growing middle class society is growing and the growth of shopping centres has now become a phenomenon in Indonesia. The increase in purchasing power is related to the consumptive pattern which is an indicator of the classification of the middle class in a society. Implicitly this can indicate that the development of shopping centres in Indonesia is influenced by the growth of the middle class in Indonesia. Aim - This study aims to examine the relationship between architectural features, interior features, and supporting facilities on shopping value. Design / methodology / approach - This study uses a non-probability sampling method, namely convenience sampling. This study included 130 respondents. Data collected by conducting surveys. The analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis. Finding - The results show that two of the three hypotheses are supported. The hypothesis is the relationship between interior features and shopping value, and the relationship between supporting facilities and shopping value. Research Implication – Managerial implications of the results of this study are to encourage increased comfort associated with architectural features such as the lobby or a comfortable entrance position. This increased comfort is also related to the material used in the architecture. Limitation - This research cannot be separated from the limitations of the study as follows. First, this study uses a non-probability sampling design in which the results of the study cannot be generalized. Secondly, this study only uses one mall.
In an attempt to learn from the wisdom of the past, this paper analyzes the architectural design of a traditional courtyard house of Lahore, known as the Barood Khana Haveli. For this purpose, the archetypal level of the 'Deep Beauty Framework' is explored to find out the presence of geometry, number and proportion, as well as the inclusion of the four survival characteristics given by Grant Hildebrand (2008): complex order, prospect, refuge, enticement and peril. Among the various design strategies that are found in the haveli, this research discovers the use of root rectangles in the plans and geometric patterns of the six and eight-point stars in the decorative details. Examination of the prospect claiming courtyards, refuge spaces such as the verandahs, and paths that turn and disappear, offer inspirational ways in which designers can create more meaningful and life enhancing architectural experiences.
Buku ini berisi pengenalan tentang hutan kota dan fungsinya, berbagai pemanfaatan hutan kota, serta pelibatan masyarakat untuk peningkatan fungsi dan pemanfaatan hutan kota.
Bau maupun lingkungan bebauan selalu ada dalam keseharian perkotaan dan berkontribusi secara tidak langsung pada manusia dalam merasakan, merespon dan memaknai lingkungan sekitar. Akan tetapi bau sering kali diabaikan signifikansinya dalam dimensi keseharian pengalaman sosial dan emosional masyarakat kota bahkan dalam riset akademis di Indonesia. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk merangkum dan mengulas tentang bagaimana bau dapat berpengaruh terhadap keterikatan tempat berdasarkan literatur yang ada untuk selanjutnya dapat digunakan sebagai kerangka teoritis dalam penelitian terkait smellscape dan place attachment. Metode theoretical review digunakan dalam mengkaji konsep yang berhubungan dalam topik yang dibicarakan. Dari kajian teoritis pada tulisan ini didapatkan beberapa hipotesis sebagai berikut: 1) keterikatan tempat dapat dibentuk melalui bau dalam tiap-tiap dimensi pembentuk place attachment; 2) Keterikatan tempat melalui bau dalam dimensi place dapat dibentuk dalam aspek fisik maupun sosial; 3) Dimensi person dan process dalam konteks smellscape berperan dalam memberikan informasi, menilai, dan mengevaluasi kualitas bau serta hubungannya terhadap
keterikatan orang dan tempat.
In the article, urban parks and garden squares are considered the most important places that form and/or demonstrate the image and culture of the city. The physical spaces of urban parks and garden squares allow organizing urban everyday practices, which are the basis for reproducing the social structure. In this perspective, it is essential to describe the components of the public spaces of Yerevan city the public space of urban parks and garden squares as spaces of socially structured everyday practices. The purpose of this article is to present the characteristics of the formation and transformation of the physical, social and symbolic structures of the public spaces of urban gardens and parks in Yerevan with reference to the particularities of the formation and development of public space. For that purpose, a qualitative study was conducted. Methods of document analysis, thematic interviews, mental mapping, observations, and expert interviews were implemented. Local parks (Children's Park, English Park, and Lovers' Park) and garden squares (Al. Tamanyan, Misak Manushyan, M. Saryan, and Komitas) were chosen as the main target places. Grounded on D. Simon's triadic interpretation of place, the data analysis allows describing the issues of formation and transformation of physical, social, and symbolic structures of Yerevan Center urban parks and garden squares.
This article correlates the physical composition of the built environment with social interactions and human relationships. The resulting framework draws on an embodied cognitive position through interdisciplinary knowledge with priority given to architectural theory and cognitive linguistics. This approach does not address idiosyncratic, phenomenological descriptions of experiences of place but the potential relationship of human bodies through situated semantics suggested by spatial composition. In this article we ask how the physical arrangement of a space can provide information for analyzing the probable social relations such as positions of hierarchy, power, and authority. We identify two theoretical models, namely latent embodied cognitive operations and space as a situated concept, which can be used to correlate physical arrangements with social meaning.
Pensar las experiencias, diálogos y perspectivas de investigación en la Psicología Ambiental obliga partir de lo básico e intentar responder qué es y para qué. Los orígenes de la Psicología Ambiental se entretejen en disciplinas como la Psicología Social, la Psicología Cognitiva y la Psicología del Desarrollo, alcanzando en la actualidad una identidad epistemológica distintiva a estas disciplinas. ¿Qué es, entonces, la Psicología Ambiental? Es una disciplina que estudia las interrelaciones entre el comportamiento del individuo con el ambiente natural y construido. Algunos de los temas centrales de estudio son las preocupaciones ambientales, los comportamientos ecológicos y la adaptación a los riesgos ambientales. El para qué de la Psicología Ambiental se focaliza en los contextos que puede emprender un psicólogo en ámbitos como el educativo, organizacional, el diseño arquitectónico entre otros. Las acciones a desarrollar van desde el diseño social en estructuras arquitectónicas a la exploración de las relaciones persona ambiente en los diferentes espacios. En este sentido, el perfil ocupacional del profesional se configura de manera amplia en escenarios de investigación e intervención mediante la gestión, coordinación y consultorías enmarcados en el enfoque psico-socio-ambiental.
Los procesos de estructuración teórica en las áreas y disciplinas científicas trascienden las barreras geográficas; junto con las particularidades históricas y contextuales, estas estructuraciones caracterizan los desarrollos académicos en las regiones. El libro PSICOLOGÍA AMBIENTAL: Experiencias, diálogos y perspectivas académicas contiene contribuciones de la Psicología Ambiental en Colombia, que aportan a la comprensión de la Psicología Ambiental en Latinoamérica. Su orientación inicia con una conceptualización de la Psicología Ambiental y su rol protagónico en los tiempos de hoy; seguidamente, se presentan aportes sobre la comprensión de las percepciones sobre microcontaminantes, la habitabilidad del espacio público urbano, el desapego territorial, el estudio del Lugar y las dinámicas de las relaciones entre la sociedad y la naturaleza.
The significance of designing an environment that can provide a great amount of serenity is not ambiguous to an architect and urban designer. Perception of safety refers to the subjective experience and user’s level of comfort. What a person perceives is what she/he sees as ’real’ and it is this perception of reality that shapes her/his behavior. University campuses are one of the most crucial places in every community. Campuses hold the burden of flourishing capable people for the next generations and are of utmost importance in providing different features besides education, like safety, security, vitality, health, etc. The aim of this research is to find out which design elements influence the user’s perception of safety in the Middle East Technical University campus, and to what extent do these features affect such a perception. By conducting in-depth interviews with 25 undergraduate and graduate students aged between 20 to 30, who had the experience of living on campus during their studies, an adequate amount of information was collected. Participants were randomly selected from the set of international and native students that met the research criteria. Analyzing the data demonstrates the effect of design problems on students’ behavior and on their daily routine. In areas with issues such as poor lighting, distance from central areas, absence of other people, dense vegetation, and navigation difficulties, students would feel less safe despite the fact that there are very few security issues in that areas according to the official reports.
The significance of designing an environment that can provide a great amount of serenity is not ambiguous to an architect and urban designer. Perception of safety refers to the subjective experience and user’s level of comfort. What a person perceives is what she/he sees as ’real’ and it is this perception of reality that shapes her/his behavior. University campuses are one of the most crucial places in every community. Campuses hold the burden of flourishing capable people for the next generations and are of utmost importance in providing different features besides education, like safety, security, vitality, health, etc. The aim of this research is to find out which design elements influence the user’s perception of safety in the Middle East Technical University campus, and to what extent do these features affect such a perception. By conducting in-depth interviews with 25 undergraduate and graduate students aged between 20 to 30, who had the experience of living on campus during their studies, an adequate amount of information was collected. Participants were randomly selected from the set of international and native students that met the research criteria. Analyzing the data demonstrates the effect of design problems on students’ behavior and on their daily routine. In areas with issues such as poor lighting, distance from central areas, absence of other people, dense vegetation, and navigation difficulties, students would feel less safe despite the fact that there are very few security issues in that areas according to the official reports.
Counties are unique on the services they provide and on their relation to the land, the state, and neighboring municipalities. Smart technologies have the potential to transform cities, but the idiosyncrasies of counties pose some specific challenges in relation to geography, distance, remote populations, isolated communities, obligations to the state, and necessary relations and collaboration with neighboring municipalities. Some smart technologies, such as in utilities, will be best implemented when planned and organized by a regional organization that spans across cities and counties. Other technologies can be planned and implemented internally to serve the county residents, while some will require complicated agreements with neighboring municipalities and participating private entities and corporations. In all cases, the triad of major participants in this transformation are corporations, government, and citizens with all the inner power dynamics such coexistence creates. The smartification process spans a wide spectrum of county departments, and each one has the potential to address county challenges, be involved, and benefit accordingly.
When implementing smart technologies, however, it is important to keep in mind general considerations of economy, society, environment, quality of life, and “place” as general guides in policy creation and understand that the goal is not to simply implement technology and acquire the label “smart city” and “smart county,” but instead, to benefit the community, improve quality of life, and create “place.” This presents a juxtaposition of instrumental versus value-based approaches to smart technologies, which is a major philosophical issue at the base of the theoretical implications of smartification. An instrumental approach has the potential of deducing inadequate conclusions by focusing solely on sensor inputs and ignoring the multilayered experience of the human milieu, while a value-based approach will always keep in mind the values of the community to guide policymaking. Finally, it is paramount not to forget that Smart Growth is an entirely different phenomenon than smart technologies, which, contrary to smart growth, have limitations in creating architectural and urban spaces. Both approach quality of life from a very different perspective, can both contribute positive results, but smart technologies lack the ability to create a foundation of good urbanism.
Indonesia is amongst the world’s largest populated countries and has a rich cultural heritage. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the sense of place value and the actors involved in indigenous entrepreneurship in Indonesia tourism. To do this, the history and cultural significance of indigeneous entrepreneur in Indonesia are discussed with the aim of building knowledge about entrepreneurial endeavours. This enables more information to be acquired about the role of place and actors in developing Indonesian indigeneous entrepreneurship. Managerial and practical implications of embedding a cultural heritage into entrepreneurial endeavours is discussed. Thereby this chapter contributes to the burgeoning literature on Indonesian entrepreneurship.
This paper main factors are mosque architecture, the theoretical framework of the ‘Sense of Place’, the creation of ‘Sacred Places’, the architectural and cultural heritage of Masjid Ar-Rahman, Kelantan, Malaysia. These factors are based on the Islamic religious understanding, and they are interrelated. The mosque is a sacred important symbol in Islam. The Malay Mosque is medium scale architecture, a humble typology but demonstrates strong cultural and architectural heritage. However, the current mosque architecture is dominated by the monumental domes and towers, the two foreign elements that replace native parts and alter the archipelago official mosque appearances. Hence the lack of local ‘Sense of Place’ and connection to the environment. The conceptual framework capitalizes the research gap found in mosque architecture by further delving into the creation of ‘Sacred Places’ through the ‘Sense of Place’. The Masjid Ar-Rahman of Pulau Gajah, constructed in 2016, demonstrates simplicity both in its traditional image and architectural scale with the Hindu-Buddhist syncretism. It is the value of hybrid assimilation and tolerance and coined as the Nusantara hybridised Malay and Javanese architectural styles and cultural heritage. This research employs qualitative methods of phenomenological and case study propositions supported by architectural evidence in emphasizing the symbolic and semiotic aesthetics aspects in constructing the ‘Sacred Spaces’ through the ‘Sense of Place’. The findings demonstrated that the ‘Sense of Place’ of Masjid Ar-Rahman is created by the simplicity of the mosque design reflected by the Sufistic beliefs and its connection to the environment.
Intensitas kegiatan di perkotaan yang tinggi, cenderung membuat masyarakat butuh melakukan kegiatan rekreasi. Salah satu fungsi hutan kota merupakan tempat rekreasi untuk melepas kepenatan masyarakat kota dari tingginya intensitas kegiatan sosial dan ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap hubungan antara motivasi berkunjung dengan kegiatan yang dilakukan di hutan kota berdasarkan preferensi masyarakat. Penelitian dilakukan melalui pendekatan grounded theory dengan metode kualitatif yang bersifat eksploratif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner daring yang bersifat terbuka (open-ended) dan tertutup (close-ended), serta pemilihan sampel secara bebas (non-random sampling). Data teks yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan analisis isi. Hasil analisis korespondensi motivasi berkunjung dan kegiatan ini mengungkap dua fungsi hutan kota, yaitu wisata interaktif dan wisata edukatif. Wisata interaktif merupakan pengunjung datang dengan motivasi kualitas tempat, kegiatan yang dilakukan bersifat afektif dan psikomotorik. Sedangkan wisata edukatif merupakan pengunjung datang dengan motivasi informasi, kegiatan yang dilakukan bersifat kognitif.
This research examines the relationship between personal mobility rate (number of lifetime moves/respondent's age) and health status. A contextual analysis is proposed in which the health consequences of relocation depend not only on the immediate circumstances surrounding a move, but also on the broader context of the individual's residential history, current life situation, and aspirations for the future. Two hundred and forty-two adult employees completed an initial survey of lifetime residential history, current residential desirability, employment experience, and perceived housing options for the future. Three months later, a panel group of 121 respondents completed a follow-up survey of emotional and physical well-being. Frequent relocation was directly associated with a greater number of illness-related symptoms, but the impact of mobility rate was largely mediated by psychological factors. Health problems were more prevalent among high-mobility individuals characterized by low rather than high levels of environmental exploratory tendency; among low-mobility persons reporting low versus high levels of residential choice and congruence; and among low residential-quality individuals who perceived future residential options to be unavailable rather than available.
Two experiments are reported which address the issue of how the experience of landscape relates to existing knowledge structures representing repeated, ongoing exposure to outdoor scenes generally within a particular geographic area—the “home” environment. The first experiment examines the question of whether the judged typicality of a landscape depends on the representation of the specific physical attributes characteristic of a “home” environment or whether such judgments are made on the basis of more abstract attributes which can be found in environments drawn from outside the “home” environment. The full range of typicality judgments was obtained for sets of outdoor scenes drawn from both types of environment indicating that the typicality of landscapes is related to abstract attributes. A second experiment then examined the relationship between sets of landscapes varying in their level of typicality selected from within and outside the “home” environment and judgments of familiarity, interest and preference as well as typicality. While typicality varied across the full range for both stimulus sets, the two sets were clearly discriminated in terms of their familiarity. In addition, the unfamiliar, outside set were judged to be more interesting and there was some indication of an overall preference for the landscapes from outside the home environment. When trends in the data across each landscape set for each type of environment were examined, interest and preference increased with typicality for the “home” set and familiarity decreased. By contrast, the “outside” set preference and interest were largely independent of variations in typicality. These results are interpreted in terms of the roles of abstract and specific information in making the different types of judgments in relation to each stimulus set. The implications of these results for models of the affective experience of the landscape and issues relating to decision-making about the environment are then discussed.