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Generic Qualitative Research in Psychology
Abstract
Some topics for qualitative research in psychology are unsuitable for or cannot be adapted to the traditional qualitative designs such as case study, ethnography, grounded theory, or phenomenology. This paper explores reasons for this, and proposes that psychological researchers can use a generic qualitative design in such situations. After discussing the types of topics most suitable for a generic qualitative design, the paper differentiates generic qualitative designs from the more traditional qualitative designs, with particular attention to how generic qualitative inquiry differs from phenomenological psychological research. Finally, appropriate procedures for data collection and for thematic data analysis in a generic model are discussed and described in detail. © 2015: William H. Percy, Kim Kostere, Sandra Kostere, and Nova Southeastern University.
... As a member of the qualitative research methods class, the generic qualitative inquiry, while falling outside of the classification as a traditional qualitative method, is designed to uncover and understand a phenomenon from the perspective of the people involved (Caelli et al., 2003). Oriented toward issues external to participants, the generic inquiry is designed to understand how research participants make meaning of previous experiences (Kahlke, 2014;Percy et al., 2015). To achieve methodological and research design alignment, semi-structured interviews, as the method for data collection, must be aligned to the theoretical framework, the associated area of discipline, and the researcher's prior knowledge and awareness of the gaps in the research literature (Merriam & Tisdell, 2016). ...
... The data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with 12 human services case managers who met the study inclusionary criteria. The goal of utilizing semi-structured interviews as the data collection method was to capture content-rich data from individuals who can provide relevant insight into the study phenomenon, particularly because of their situational positioning to and awareness of the research problem (Percy et al., 2015). Interviews were conducted virtually utilizing the Zoom platform. ...
... Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyze the research data. While more of a process than a design, inductive thematic analysis is driven by what the data reveals rather than an attempt to fit the data into any predetermined categories (Percy et al., 2015). The process calls for each interview to be analyzed individually; then, once completed, the researcher can identify repeating patterns among the collective to draw larger themes in the context of the research study. ...
This study explores the perceptions of human services case managers regarding how past adverse childhood experiences shaped their professional practice. The sample consisted of 12 human services case managers, varying in age and experience and across several human service program disciplines. Seven themes and 20 patterns were identified as result of the data analysis process. The themes were: (a) perceived development of case management Superpowers; (b) recognition of the use of empathy as an essential job skill; (c) a perceived effect on self and career and resulting diminished capacity; (d) a perceived effect on career progression; (e) a perceived effect on professional competency and resulting unique skills and enhanced capacities; (f) development of coping mechanisms as a way to mitigate workplace stress; and (g) centering the sensory power of the lived experience as a means of elevating case management practice. The study’s findings provide new understanding concerning both the positive and negative effects of early childhood trauma exposure on case management practice. Furthermore, the study demonstrates how human services case managers, who experienced adverse childhood traumatic events, have processed their trauma experiences and have transformed those experiences to find a deeper meaning and purpose in their professional roles.
... Se optó por un diseño fenomenológico porque era de particular interés conocer a profundidad cómo era la experiencia vivida de los estudiantes en línea. Con la fenomenología se puede explorar las dimensiones y cualidades más profundas y así comprender su proceso cognitivo (Percy et al., 2015). ...
... En un influyente libro sobre métodos de investigación, Moustakas (1994) afirma que, con estos diseños los investigadores buscan comprender cómo se interpreta un fenómeno a través de la conciencia humana, enfocándose en lo común de una experiencia vivida. En un artículo sobre investigación cualitativa genérica, Percy et al. (2015) mencionan que los fenomenólogos estudian cómo los individuos experimentan un problema en particular. Con este enfoque, los investigadores han estudiado las actitudes, creencias, opiniones y sentimientos de las personas hacia una experiencia vivida. ...
Las instituciones educativas en todo el mundo utilizan las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) para fortalecer la educación. Además, la tecnología ha sido útil para incrementar la oferta educativa a poblaciones cada vez más extensas y diversas. A pesar de todos los retos existentes en torno a la integración de las TIC en la educación, se sigue impulsando su utilización. Sin embargo, específicamente en la educación en línea, aunque la matrícula es alta, el problema más significativo continúa siendo el abandono por parte de los estudiantes. Las razones son de toda índole, desde la falta de infraestructura tecnológica, diseños instrucción e integración de las TIC en la dimensión pedagógica. Hasta factores relacionados particularmente con la mediación docente, como la falta de capacitación. Asimismo, los factores externos a los estudiantes como su familia, trabajo y cuestiones económicas. Los estudiantes en línea también abandonan su educación por razones relacionadas con su formación personal. Es decir, la falta de habilidades socioemocionales es terminante en su toma de decisión sobre su retiro de la educación en línea. Entre los múltiples motivos está el sentido de comunidad como un factor decisivo en los ambientes virtuales. Si lo estudiantes no se sienten parte del grupo, tienden a evitar las participaciones y a aislarse. Por medio de sentido de comunidad: la experiencia de estudiantes en línea se pretende introducir a la exploración y comprensión de este fenómeno del abandono de la educación virtual.
... We utilized a generic qualitative approach that does not adhere strictly to a single established methodology, such as phenomenology, grounded theory, or ethnography [14,15]. This approach aims to provide a rich description of the phenomenon being investigated. ...
... This study was part of a mixed-methods research design, where the qualitative component played a role in developing a foot care intervention CHWs. A mixed-methods approach was well-suited for generic qualitative research since the study results were intended to be triangulated with findings from other research [14]. Unlike phenomenological studies, which explore the internal, subjective structures of experiences, generic qualitative research focuses on the actual content of participants' reports-what they think about an issue, their experiences, and opinions. ...
Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs) were found to have a relatively high prevalence among type 2 diabetic patients and must never be neglected due to the high associated amputation rate. Community health workers (CHWs) showed promising strategies to combat DFUs in several countries. This study aimed to identify community perspectives on foot care intervention delivered by CHWs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather the opinions of key stakeholders’ patients, their family members, CHWs, and health care professionals (HCPs) regarding the acceptability and practicality of FCI by CHWs in the Indonesian context. The recordings of all 29 interviews were transcribed and translated into English. Reflexive thematic analysis (RTA) was used to analyse the qualitative data. The opinions and perceptions of participants in delivering and receiving foot care education in the community were presented in five themes around community experiences in diabetic foot prevention, enhanced healthcare uptakes by extending CHW role, community embeddedness, CHW resources, and community training approach. Overall, the study findings supported the acceptability of CHWs delivering a FCI, albeit some barriers were identified related to the practical aspects of implementing this intervention around the community actors and healthcare policy in the community settings.
... The specific research design employed was a basic qualitative approach to explore PT faculty experiences using VCT to assess students' psychomotor skills. A basic qualitative research study explores the lived experiences, attitudes, opinions, perceptions, beliefs, or feelings about a particular issue or event (Percy et al., 2015). Semistructured interview questions aligned with the four constructs of UTAUT: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions (Venkatesh et al., 2003). ...
... Semistructured interview questions aligned with the four constructs of UTAUT: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions (Venkatesh et al., 2003). Concepts and themes identified in the semistructured interviews facilitated a thematic analysis (Percy et al., 2015). Individual interviews were conducted using VCT and only the audio portion was recorded. ...
Introduction: Psychomotor skills are an essential aspect of physical therapy (PT) education. Recent studies supported using videoconference technology (VCT) for psychomotor instruction, but research on the use of VCT for psychomotor assessments is limited. Determining the usefulness of VCT for psychomotor exams is vital to establishing best pedagogical practices. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore the faculty experience using synchronous VCT to assess PT students’ psychomotor skills. Methods: The conceptual framework for this study was the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). The research question guided the investigation into how PT educators described the psychomotor skill assessment of students using VCT, related to the four constructs of UTAUT: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions. Purposive sampling was used to collect qualitative data via online semistructured interviews of 15 U.S. PT professors. Results: Data were analyzed using emergent coding and thematic analysis. Key findings were that faculty participants perceived that the use of VCT to assess psychomotor skills was a feasible alternative modality to face-to-face practicals. The use of VCT did not sacrifice achieving good learning outcomes. Faculty identified VCT assessment benefits as convenience, adaptability, and skill acquisition and recognized the challenges of a static camera angle and connectivity and resource issues. Discussion: This study may foster positive social change by informing PT educators of the value of using VCT for psychomotor assessments, which provided additional educational opportunities, exposed students to telehealth, promoted acceptance of online learning, and improved accessibility for individuals in rural locations.
... The databases searched were Academic Search Complete, Africa Wide Information, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Academic Resources Information Center, and SAGE. These databases cover psychology and related disciplines, including behavioral and social sciences (Percy et al., 2015). Key phrases and concepts were combined to create the search codes, which included terms such as "distance learning", "open and distance learning + quality education", "affordable learning", and "SDGs and MDGs". ...
... Consequently, the data in this study were synthesized through the method of narrative synthesis utilizing thematic analysis (Ritchie et al., 2014). Thematic data analysis, according to Percy et al. (2015), is a broad method for finding, analyzing, and reporting patterns in data. ...
Despite extensive research that recognizes the potential of open and distance learning (ODL) to enhance inclusivity and access to quality education for all, as reported in previous studies, there is a dearth of research that synthesizes the role of ODL as a mechanism for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A systematic review of the role of ODL in achieving the SDGs is needed to ascertain the contributory role of ODL in the transition from the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to the SDGs. Considering this, the objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the role of ODL in achieving the SDGs. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework was used to incorporate the papers that were taken into consideration for this review. We conducted a review search for studies published between 2014 and 2024 in PubMed, PsyhINFO, Academic Resources Information Center, SAGE, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. This study assessed 18 papers in total that satisfied the inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis of the included studies in this systematic review yielded findings indicating that the ODL method is instrumental in achieving lifelong learning, ensuring educational equity and quality, expanding access to education, and enhancing the globalization of education. It is recommended that more institutions get involved in this endeavor and that all levels of government work together to devise policies and regulations that will improve the acceptance and quality of ODL programs.
... This study employed a qualitative design to look in-depth into experiences and perceptions of Filipino teachers to make sense of their subjective world. Specifically, this study used the Generic Qualitative Inquiry (GQI) method, which "investigates people's reports of their subjective opinions, attitudes, beliefs, or reflections on their experiences of things in the outer world (Percy et al., 2015). GQI has four characteristics, i.e., theoretical positioning, methodmethodology consistency, rigor procedures, and analytical lens. ...
... In terms of theoretical positioning, as authors, we adhere to a post-positivist paradigm which emphasizes that even with an a priori understanding of the phenomenon, experiences can also be subjective and existing in multiple realities. We believe in a post-positivist approach to data collection and data analysis, i.e., the integration of newly constructed ideas with existing ones (Percy et al., 2015). Being a relatively new phenomenon, quiet quitting has generated interest and has been defined online and by the media but there may be more layers to the phenomenon. ...
The phenomenon of quiet quitting has gained traction in recent years across various professions, yet its impact on teachers remains underexplored particularly in the Philippines where teachers underpaid, unrecognized, and overworked. Therefore, this Generic Qualitative Inquiry study examined five male and female tertiary private school teachers who engage in quiet quitting behavior and how it impacts their well-being. Analyzed using VSAIEEDC model, emergent themes indicate that participants who quiet quit have grievances about school management, workload, and other people they encounter at school. Due to their perceptions of unfair treatment and excessive workload, participants quiet quit by sacrificing their teaching quality, meeting only the minimum requirements of their teaching position, retaliating against school injustice, and languishing at work. Quiet quitting leads to remorse and worries about teaching competency, which harms participants. Despite the negative impact of quiet quitting, participants express that it also reduces work stress. Maslach's Burnout, Self-determination, and Equity Theories explain findings. The paper also discusses teacher and school management implications and recommendations. ABSTRAK Fenomena quiet quitting telah mendapatkan perhatian dalam beberapa tahun terakhir di berbagai profesi. Namun, dampaknya terhadap guru masih kurang dieksplorasi, terutama di Filipina, di mana para guru kerap dibayar rendah, kurang diakui, dan bekerja berlebihan. Oleh karena itu, studi dengan pendekatan Generic Qualitative Inquiry ini meneliti lima guru laki-laki dan perempuan dari sekolah swasta tingkat perguruan tinggi yang terlibat dalam perilaku quiet quitting dan dampaknya terhadap kesejahteraan mereka. Dengan menggunakan model VSAIEEDC untuk analisis, tema-tema yang muncul menunjukkan bahwa para partisipan yang quiet quit memiliki keluhan terkait manajemen sekolah, beban kerja, dan hubungan dengan orang-orang lain di lingkungan sekolah. Karena persepsi mereka tentang perlakuan yang tidak adil dan beban kerja yang berlebihan, partisipan melakukan quiet quitting dengan cara mengorbankan kualitas pengajaran mereka, hanya memenuhi persyaratan minimum dari posisi mereka, melawan ketidakadilan di sekolah, dan merasa stagnan dalam pekerjaan. Quiet quitting mengakibatkan rasa penyesalan dan kekhawatiran terhadap kompetensi mengajar mereka, yang merugikan partisipan. Meskipun quiet quitting berdampak negatif, partisipan mengungkapkan bahwa perilaku ini juga membantu mengurangi stres kerja. Temuan ini dijelaskan menggunakan teori Maslach tentang Burnout, teori Determinasi Diri (Self-determination), dan teori Kesetaraan (Equity). Artikel ini juga membahas implikasi bagi guru dan manajemen sekolah serta memberikan rekomendasi. KATA KUNCI guru: quiet quitting; beban kerja, kesejahteraan, model VSAIEEDC
... This study employed a qualitative design to look in-depth into experiences and perceptions of Filipino teachers to make sense of their subjective world. Specifically, this study used the Generic Qualitative Inquiry (GQI) method, which "investigates people's reports of their subjective opinions, attitudes, beliefs, or reflections on their experiences of things in the outer world (Percy et al., 2015). GQI has four characteristics, i.e., theoretical positioning, methodmethodology consistency, rigor procedures, and analytical lens. ...
... In terms of theoretical positioning, as authors, we adhere to a post-positivist paradigm which emphasizes that even with an a priori understanding of the phenomenon, experiences can also be subjective and existing in multiple realities. We believe in a post-positivist approach to data collection and data analysis, i.e., the integration of newly constructed ideas with existing ones (Percy et al., 2015). Being a relatively new phenomenon, quiet quitting has generated interest and has been defined online and by the media but there may be more layers to the phenomenon. ...
The phenomenon of quiet quitting has gained traction in recent years across various professions, yet its impact on teachers remains underexplored particularly in the Philippines where teachers underpaid, unrecognized, and overworked. Therefore, this Generic Qualitative Inquiry study examined five male and female tertiary private school teachers who engage in quiet quitting behavior and how it impacts their well-being. Analyzed using VSAIEEDC model, emergent themes indicate that participants who quiet quit have grievances about school management, workload, and other people they encounter at school. Due to their perceptions of unfair treatment and excessive workload, participants quiet quit by sacrificing their teaching quality, meeting only the minimum requirements of their teaching position, retaliating against school injustice, and languishing at work. Quiet quitting leads to remorse and worries about teaching competency, which harms participants. Despite the negative impact of quiet quitting, participants express that it also reduces work stress. Maslach's Burnout, Self-determination, and Equity Theories explain findings. The paper also discusses teacher and school management implications and recommendations. KEY WORDS: domestic violence; income level; spousal communication
... The researcher investigated other qualitative designs and decided that the descriptive study design was the best method due to the study's focus on a general description of the participant's reported experience in alignment with the research questions. Phenomenological design was not feasible for this study because it did not search for the lived experience or the inner essence of an experience (Percy et al., 2015). ...
... Furthermore, narrative design was also not feasible for this Mandela Effect study because the researcher was not observing a life story or multiple life stories to create an overarching tale. Narrative design involves constructing an underlying account with story-telling intent (Percy et al., 2015). ...
This qualitative descriptive study examined the emotional responses and coping strategies of U.S. college-educated individuals aged 21 to 65 when confronted with false memories, specifically within the Mandela Effect context. Rooted in Richard Lazarus' cognitive-motivational-relational theory of emotion, the study aimed to uncover the interplay between cognition, emotion, and coping mechanisms in memory discrepancies. Research questions focused on how these individuals described their emotional reactions and coping strategies when faced with false memories. Participants, holding at least a two-year college degree, were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk and identified as Master Workers. The data collection methods included a demographic questionnaire, the Mandela Effect YouGov survey, and semi-structured interviews. Descriptive statistics summarized demographic and survey data, while reflexive thematic analysis of interview transcripts identified nine key themes: Cognitive Appraisal, Evaluation of Accuracy, Cognitive Dissonance, Emotional Response, Intensity of Emotional Reaction, Motivated by Emotion, Coping Mechanisms, Communication Patterns, and Existential Reflection. The results highlighted unique cognitive perspectives, diverse emotional reactions, and coping strategies, emphasizing the significant psychological impact of false memories. This study contributes to cognitive psychology by enhancing our understanding of emotional and coping responses to false memories, underscoring the importance of considering both emotional and cognitive aspects in memory research.
Keywords: Mandela Effect, emotional dynamics, false memory recall, cognitive psychology, coping strategies, motivation, cognitive dissonance, alternative memories
... Descriptive statistics (frequencies) are reported for quantitative data. We used generic thematic analysis (Percy, Kostere, and Kostere 2015) to analyse responses to the open-ended survey questions. Although there were some shorter responses, many answers contained more detail, meaning that the analysis carried out was justified. ...
... Although there were some shorter responses, many answers contained more detail, meaning that the analysis carried out was justified. Generic qualitative analysis is particularly useful in survey research that includes qualitative elements in a mixed design (Percy, Kostere, and Kostere 2015), particularly in large data sets. We selected thematic analysis as we were more interested in using the data to qualify and further understand the views of participants. ...
People with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities can be excluded from research and relatively little is known about the experiences of people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities and their carers during COVID‐19. This paper aims to further explore the impact on this group via information provided by paid and family carers. It focuses on key areas such as access to social and health services in addition to questions about health and well‐being. In contextualising these results, some comparisons are made to impacts on other groups. This paper also explores what we might do better in future to support this population. Carers were invited to complete an online survey about their experiences and the experiences of people they supported during COVID‐19 and to suggest what might have made life better. They were invited to complete this survey at four time points (waves) between December 2020 and December 2022. This paper reports on Waves 1–3, that is to August 2022. Services for people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities reduced during COVID‐19 and have yet to return to pre‐pandemic levels. People with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities were reported to experience increased social isolation, deteriorating mental and physical health, increased behavioural signs of distress and reduced life skills. Three areas were identified regarding what would have made life better: opportunities for social contact and activities; improved access to health and social care services, and; consistent and responsive staff. Results are explored in the context of current challenges in service provision, including staff retention and shifts in staff culture during the pandemic.
... For the qualitative component, Thematic Analysis (Percy et al., 2015) was used to identify codes and a hierarchical structure to the open-ended responses. The results from the open-ended questions were to validate or expand upon the results from the quantitative data. ...
... Thematic Analysis (Percy et al., 2015) was used to identify codes and themes to reveal qualitative results to the open-ended responses. Three themes were identified: (1) spiritual sensitivity and inclusivity, (2) removing barriers to increase counselor self-efficacy, and (3) integration of RSIP as a source of healing (Table 3). ...
Religious and spiritual integrated practice (RSIP) is emerging as a widely recognized aspect of human wellness; especially significant to the field of counseling. However, training and research in this area is still developing, research on best practices remains inconclusive, and the extent and specificity of barriers to RSIP remain unknown. This study uses an embedded mixed methods design (Creswell & Clark, 2010) to examine predictive factors and perceptions of RSIP in licensed counselors’ attitudes, skills, and knowledge addressed in ASERVIC (2009/2024) competencies. It primarily focuses on the quantitative, correlational arm to examine predictors of RSIP integration, with supportive, qualitative data embedded, offering insight into counselors’ experiences with integrating RSIP. Measures included the Quiet Ego Scale (QES; Wayment et al., 2016); Duke University Religion Index (DUREL; Koenig et al, 1997); Religious and Spiritually Integrated Practice Assessment Scale (RSIPAS; Oxhandler & Parrish, 2016), and Revised Spiritual Competency Scale (SCS, 2010; SCS-R-II; Dailey et al., 2015), the later developed considering ASERVIC competencies. Major findings included moderate positive correlations in all areas of inquiry. Large effect sizes with several subscales of the SCS and RSIPS suggest that spiritual competency and perceptions of self-efficacy regarding RSIP in counselors’ practice are related. Areas for further research and implications for the field are also suggested.
Keywords: ASERVIC; DUREL; counselors; mixed methods; religious and spiritual integrated practice; RSIPAS; quiet ego; spiritual competency scale; numinous
... The research team utilized a Generic Qualitative Analysis (GQA) as the methodological approach (Percy et al., 2015) to investigate participants' experiences. GQA was chosen because of its focus on the content of the participants' experience rather than internal subjective structures. ...
... GQA is a process of inquiry valuing a person's reflections upon an experience to develop a theoretical understanding. GQA is also an approach valuing the researcher's experience and expertise with a phenomenon (Percy et al., 2015). GQA fit well as a method with our research team containing members with robust experiences participating, leading, and researching outdoor orientation programs. ...
Despite their aim to foster belongingness, a small percentage of incoming college students (1%-2%) report feeling excluded (not belonging) during their outdoor orientation program. Feelings of exclusion are often highly consequential to a person transitioning to college. This study explores the experiences of students reporting low levels of belongingness (n= 11) to better understand their experience and to help inform interventions. Thematic analysis using a General Qualitative Approach (GQA) revealed several factors contributing to students' lack of belonging. Findings led to the development of the Belongingness Assessment Model (BAM). This novel approach assesses a lack of belongingness along two scales, isolated vs. generalized lack of belonging and whether the lack of belongingness is bridgeable or unbridgeable. Leader approaches to belongingness are nuanced and may require different interventions based upon the type of exclusion a participant is experiencing.
... Nuestro estudio aporta una línea de investigación cualitativa diferente, que es la de evaluar la intervención logoterapéutica individual a personas con malestar emocional y sin patología cancerosa; por otra parte, se realizó un análisis del contenido temático inductivo, no teórico, es decir sin usar categorías prefijadas previas (23). ...
... Plan de análisis: Se realizó un análisis de contenido temático, de forma inductiva, teniendo en cuenta los siguientes pasos que realizó cada autor por separado y después conjuntamente: a) lectura de las dos entrevistas; b) intuiciones preanalíticas; c) codificación, en la que se agruparon por analogía los códigos; d) categorización, con establecimiento de categorías; y e) creación del marco textual. Se realizó una triangulación de los analistas para el consenso de categorización, teniendo en cuenta los criterios de rigor y calidad de la investigación cualitativa(4,23).Consideraciones éticas, que se informan a las participantes:Todo el material obtenido se anonimizó para garantizar la confidencialidad y el anonimato. Se han seguido las normas de la confidencialidad de los datos personales conforme a lo que dispone la Ley Orgánica de Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal (15/1999).ResultadosLa codificación y la categorización de las respuestas de cada participante, nos aportó en conjunto cinco tipos de categorías: Factores de sufrimiento, aspectos que favorecen el cambio, aspectos que sostienen el cambio, aspectos que no ayudan y manifestaciones del cambio. ...
Estudio cualitativo de los aspectos del acompañamiento logoterapéutico que permiten el cambio personal. Estudio piloto. Qualitative study of the aspects of logotherapeutic accompaniment that enable personal change. Pilot study. (Cerdanyola del Vallès). Resumen: La logoterapia de Viktor E. Frankl ha sido ampliamente estudiada en España y otros países, aunque sobretodo de forma cuantitativa. Los estudios cualitativos pueden aportar un acercamiento a la experiencia concreta de personas que estás siendo acom-pañadas por un(a) logoterapeuta. En este estudio analizamos cualitativamente el relato por escrito de dos intervenciones reali-zadas por dos logoterapeutas resaltando los elementos relacionados con la logoterapia que aparecen como factores que influyen el proceso individual pre, peri y post intervención. Es un estudio piloto con limitaciones, son necesarios más estudios cualitativos en este ámbito. Palabras clave: Logoterapia, terapia centrada en el sentido, investigación cualitativa, análisis temático, perspectiva fenomenológica, foto elicitación, malestar emocional, éxi-to de la terapia. Abstract: Viktor E. Frankl's logotherapy has been widely studied in Spain and other countries , although mainly in a quantitative way. Qualitative studies can provide an approach to the concrete experience of people who are being accompanied by a logotherapist. In this study we qualitatively analyse the written account of two interventions carried out by two logotherapists, highlighting the elements related to logotherapy that appear as factors that influence the individual process pre, peri and post intervention. It is a pilot study with limitations; more qualitative studies are needed in this field.
... The research employed qualitative methods, drawing upon the framework outlined by Percy and Kostere (2015), which emphasize exploring individuals' subjective opinions, attitudes, beliefs, and reflections on their experiences regarding external phenomena. Questionnaires served as the primary instruments, ensuring robust data collection. ...
This study aims to investigate students' perceptions of learning English through movies and explores the advantages of vocabulary acquisition via this medium. Utilizing qualitative methods, questionnaire responses from English Literature students from academic years 2019 to 2022 were gathered. Results reveal that students find learning English through movies to be enjoyable, effective, and engaging. They report benefits such as enhanced word spelling, contextual comprehension, and pronunciation skills. Despite encountering challenges, the use of movies as a learning tool remains effective. This research underscores the potential of incorporating movies into language learning curricula as it aligns with students' preferences and provides tangible benefits for vocabulary development
... Generic qualitative analysis (Kostere and Kostere, 2021) was employed due to its flexibility and appropriateness for exploring the diverse experiences of young adults in active living contexts. This approach enabled the organization of participants' experiences without being constrained by predefined theoretical frameworks, aligning with the practical, context-driven nature of the research (Percy et al. 2015). A six-step analytic process was applied, consisting of transcription, rereading, coding, categorizing, generating themes, and presenting findings (Creswell andPoth 2016, Saldaña 2021). ...
Sedentary lifestyles among urban young adults are a growing public health concern, contributing to the rise in chronic diseases worldwide. Factors such as neighborhood walkability and access to amenities play a critical role in promoting physical activity among young adults. However, the specific ways urban environments influence active lifestyles vary and are context-dependent. This study explores how urban assets shape the active living experiences of young adults in a physical activity-friendly neighborhood in Seoul, South Korea. It addresses how these features support active lifestyles in a dense, competitive, and culturally complex urban environment. Twenty-six young adults residing in the study area, selected through purposive sampling, were recruited between September 2022 and May 2023. Using a spatiotemporal qualitative design, experiential, spatial, and temporal data were collected through in-depth interviews, cognitive mapping, and 24-hour activity tracking. The data were analyzed using generic qualitative analysis-a flexible approach to identifying patterns in qualitative data-and overlay analysis to integrate insights on how urban assets interact with young adults' active lifestyles. Young adults perceive active living as a self-directed pursuit, balancing personal growth and social engagement within a compact urban environment. Urban assets, including parks, fitness centers, and walkable streets, are key enablers. However, young adults also perceive psychological pressure to maintain an active lifestyle in a competitive urban setting. This study highlights the need for urban environments that promote physical activity while considering the unique challenges of young adulthood. Public health policies should ensure equitable access to urban assets, supporting young adults' active lifestyles.
... All TBF mothers accompanying their babies attending the pediatric outpatient clinic at the hospital comprised the study population. A purposive sampling technique was used in this qualitative research, and qualitative samples were drawn to reflect the purpose and aim of the study (Percy et al., 2015). As a result of interviews with 18 participants, the saturation point was reached, and the data were completed. ...
Aim: This study aimed to explore the experiences of mothers who practiced tandem breastfeeding. Material and Methods: A phenomenological study was conducted through in-depth interviews with 18 mothers who had practiced tandem breastfeeding for over three months. Purposive sampling was used. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s phenomenological analysis process. Results: The study's results were categorized under six themes, including decision-making, the meaning of tandem breastfeeding, challenges, benefits, barriers, and facilitators. The choice of tandem breastfeeding was based on the promotion of bio-psychosocial health. Tandem breastfeeding was a unique and pleasant experience, but it also caused fear. The process presented both challenges and benefits to bio-psychosocial health. Cultural beliefs and negative reactions were barriers to tandem breastfeeding, whereas social support and adequate knowledge were facilitators. Conclusion: Tandem breastfeeding is a multifaceted experience shaped by maternal decisions, family dynamics, and community influences. Breastfeeding counseling programs need to be modified to meet the needs and priorities of tandem breastfeeding mothers, and awareness programs are essential at multisectoral levels.
... The "Act" phase attempts are made to resolve the issue (Stringer & Aragon, 2020). Generic qualitative research attempts to examine the reports of individuals' subjective opinions, attitudes, beliefs, or re ections on their experiences (Percy et al., 2015). Generic qualitative research is the most appropriate for this study because it allows Black mothers to verbalize their experiences regarding their treatment during pregnancy by medical staff. ...
This capstone utilized a qualitative action research study with a generic inquiry methodology. This capstone explored perinatal social workers, Black mothers who have given birth within one year, and certified doulas' perspectives regarding the integration of cultural humility practices within advocacy. The research question was, “How can perinatal social workers improve advocacy for cultural humility to advocate for Black maternal health better?” The study recruited 15 participants: five perinatal social workers, five Black women who gave birth within one year, and five certified doulas. This study intended to improve the birthing experiences of Black mothers who had given birth within one year improve by identifying culturally sensitive interventions for perinatal social workers to utilize to improve advocacy with the incorporation of cultural humility. The participants completed semi-structured interviews to describe their perspectives and lived experiences related to the research question. The theoretical framework was empowerment theory, and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Research findings demonstrated the importance of implementing cultural humility practice when working with expectant Black mothers. Three themes identified were the following: Applying culture within the practice, social work principles, and the establishment of therapeutic relationships. A resource guide was created from the themes. The resource guide documents interventions regarding how to respectfully implement cultural humility practice within advocacy for expectant Black mothers
... One of the overarching themes that emerged was what leaders need to be (being), which represents the focus of this article. The findings are presented in a narrative format where direct quotes from participants support the narrative (Percy et al., 2015;Reay et al., 2019). Although three themes and 15 sub-themes emerged from the analysis, only one theme, the being of leaders in 4IR and its seven sub-themes, is exploited for this article. ...
Aim/purpose – Effective leadership in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) era re- quires the right mix of personality traits, a deep sense of meaning, and personal purpose. The Big Five personality traits theory was chosen for its cross-cultural applicability and effectiveness in describing various personality traits precisely. The study had a two-fold objective: first, to explore the impact of meaning and personal purpose on the effective- ness of leaders in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector in South Africa (SA) during 4IR era, and second, to understand how meaning and personal purpose are em- bedded within the Big Five personality traits. Design/methodology/approach – The research design was qualitative phenomenologi- cal, and 13 purposively sampled participants were interviewed to explore their experi- ences as senior leaders adapting to the 4IR demands in the FMCG industry in SA. The data were analyzed using a manual thematic analysis process. Findings – The findings showed that leaders perform optimally when they have a sense of meaning and personal purpose and that leaders in SA’s FMCG industry require sup- port and expert guidance to adapt to the digital era. Research implications/limitations – Leadership development should address the new competencies required to transition to a new way of leading in the 4IR. This study is limited to South Africa’s FMCG industry. Originality/value/contribution – The study expanded the theoretical understanding of meaning and purpose and the integration of these concepts into the Big Five personality traits. Keywords: leadership, meaning, personal purpose, fourth industrial revolution, five- -factor personality theory, personality traits. JEL Classification: O15, M10, M21.
... It is denoted by 1-strongly disagree, 2-disagree, 3neutral, 4-agree, and 5-strongly agree. The eCSR scales were adapted and adopted from Abdul Rahman Rahim, et al. [64] and Kostere, et al. [65]. Moreover, the qualitative findings contribute significantly to both variables. ...
The ongoing issues of environmental degradation, air pollution, escalating living costs, and the potential for disasters require a collaborative approach from all stakeholders beyond just the government. One effective avenue for this engagement is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), particularly through external CSR initiatives, which can play a significant role in addressing critical community challenges. This study aims to identify the best external CSR (eCSR) activities that fit industrial parks (IPs) and their effect on the well-being of the host community in and around the IPs. To this end, the study employed 423 samples and obtained 396 valid responses from employees and community members of three selected IPs through non-probabilistic cluster sampling and simple random sampling, respectively. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-21 and AMOS-23. The results show that business diversification strongly affected the community's livelihood (β=0.341). Likewise, employment opportunities (β=0.133), emergency services (β=0.196), and environmental protection (β=0.145) positively and significantly affect the well-being of host communities inhabiting IPs. However, technology and knowledge transfer (β=-0.198) significantly negatively impacted the community's well-being. Theoretically, this study needs to examine the relationship between eCSR activities and the community well-being of IPs. Furthermore, the practical implication is all about denoting the importance of eCSR practices and frameworks that help company owners perform CSR and improve the community's well-being without compromising their economic dimension.
... Ethnography explores cultural phenomena from the point of view of the research subject (Forsling, 2019). Ethnography is also a type of social research that involves examining the behaviour of participants in a particular social situation and understanding the group's own interpretation of that behaviour (Riadi, 2019;Percy et al., 2015). ...
Introduction: Pursuing physical, mental, and spiritual health as an information system is an effort that must be made in human life. Various information has been exemplified in many traditions, including information about the Wong Tai Sin or Huang Daxiana tradition which has healing powers; the Apollo tradition which is believed to be a system of treatment, healing and plague. Likewise, the Sekhmet tradition which is the personification of the goddess of healing and medicine. In this study, the Assuro Maca (AMC) ritual tradition of the Bugis-Makassar tribe is revealed to obtain a system of safety, protection, and prime health for both the dead and the living. Objectives: Revealing the nature and procedures of the AMC ritual, the implementation of death rituals, and health information system directly given by God through the Death Ritual. Methods: Qualitative research with an ethnographic approach is applied to investigate and explore the naturalistic AMC ritual in the culture of the Bugis-Makassar tribal community in Indonesia. The data collection method, namely observation, interview, and documentation with data analysis techniques, namely data condensation and presentation, as well as verification and conclusion drawing. Results: The implementation of the AMC ritual reveals the essence, procedures, implementation of death rituals, and the model of hope for the god of health from the perspective of Islamic education. The essence of the AMC ritual is the sending of prayers to the dead and the living, an expression of gratitude and rejection of reinforcements. The ritual procedure consists of determining the time, preparing food dishes, burning incense, and reciting prayers. The stages of the implementation of the ritual follow the provisions of certain days, namely the first day of death, the seventh, the fortieth, and the hundredth. The culmination point of the ritual is the hope of salvation for the dead, health system for the living, and the hope of longevity. Conclusions: Viewed from the perspective of Islamic education, the AMC ritual leading to individual righteousness and social righteousness. These two righteousness regulate mutual relations with Allah and strengthen social relations and friendship between fellow human beings, including the hope of health deities from Allah which is directed to the goodness and salvation of the dead, the living, and longevity with health deities that are directly given by Allah so that it becomes the spirit of life for humans.
... Understanding the dynamics underlying stigma in this context can provide insights into broader issues relating to drug policy, public health, and social justice. Education is crucial in challenging misconceptions and stereotypes by providing accurate, evidence-based information [18]; and reducing stigma in society requires a multifaceted approach that targets various levels of influence, including education, policy reform, and direct community engagement. ...
The present study explored perceptions towards the use of psychedelics. Existing literature suggests that psychedelics can be an effective alternative in the treatment of mental health conditions. However, negative perceptions are commonly expressed in online communities about the use of psychedelics in the mental health context. This controversy in perceptions and societal beliefs surrounding psychedelic use was empirically explored through the collection of in-depth, qualitative data gathered from individuals who had no contact with psychedelics. Eight participants were recruited using snowball and convenience sampling methods and were interviewed online regarding their perceptions and beliefs on this topic. Four distinct themes emerged from a thematic analysis of the dataset: Imbalance within Control Dynamics, Therapeutic Efficacy, Across Generations and Borders, and Growing Awareness. Participants' narratives suggest that age and culture are important factors influencing individuals' perceptions towards the use of psychedelics. While the potential benefits of using psychedelics in mental health treatment is acknowledged, participants' accounts highlight their apprehensions regarding the application of psychedelics in controlled and safe settings. The present findings improve our understanding of perceptions and beliefs surrounding the use of psychedelics and influence a positive shift in societal beliefs and perceptions.
... Researchers independent of the PETAL programme (CC and YJ) conducted semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in February-March 2023. Individual interviews are among the most common forms of data collection in qualitative research [37] and are particularly useful when exploring areas of novel research topics [38]. These were therefore selected for researchers, PPIE facilitators and family carers to gain a more in-depth insight into the experiences of participating in PPIE activities within the PETAL programme [39]. ...
Background
Although there is consensus regarding the added value of adults with an intellectual disability and family carers as Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) members in research studies, there is limited reporting on the practice and impact of their involvement.
Methods
PPIE input was integral to the application process and subsequent research activities in the NIHR-funded PETAL (PErsonalised Treatment packages for Adults With Learning disabilities) programme. We also conducted semi-structured interviews with five researchers/PPIE facilitators and four family carers, and a focus group with three adults with an intellectual disability who are members of the programme advisory groups. The GRIPP2 checklist guided the reporting of PPIE activities.
Results
Thematic analysis identified four overarching themes: (a) Motivation for being a PPIE member, (b) Added value of PPIE input into research (c) Logistics and practicalities of PPIE activities, and (d) Insights and reflections. Family carers highlighted the benefit of giving a voice to adults with an intellectual disability in PPIE activities within research. Both PPIE groups were positive about being able to share their thoughts and feelings with the PETAL research team and making valued contributions to research activities. All stakeholders highlighted the importance of accessible meeting formats to facilitate PPIE activities. They also reflected on how meaningful collaboration could enhance research in the field of intellectual disability. Researchers raised the need for greater diversity within PPIE groups.
Conclusions
Future work should aim to further develop PPIE processes and identify strategies to maximise the diversity and inclusion of adults with an intellectual disability and family carers in research advisory groups.
... Qualitative data encryption made the analysis more systematic and rigorous, providing transparency to readers. In coding, qualitative researchers find information representing the data and the human story behind them (Kahlke, 2018;Percy et al., 2015). ...
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services created the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program in 2010 to decrease the problem of hospital readmissions. This program reduces hospital reimbursements from Medicare or Medicaid when patients with specific diagnoses are readmitted within 30 days of discharge. This generic qualitative study explored hospital social workers’ experiences and perceptions of the impact of discharge planning on hospital readmission. Meleis’s transitions theory provided the conceptual framework for this study. Data were collected from semistructured interviews with 10 female medical social workers. Data analysis entailed categorizing and classifying the data into emerging themes to answer the research question. The themes were (a) lack of community resources, (b) hospital administrative challenges, (c) lack of family/social support, and (d) RN versus social worker issues/lack of role definition. Recommendations include standardizing health care social worker roles and providing more time for complex patients to ensure the implementation of all needed services before discharge. Implications for social change include improved discharge planning outcomes, increased support from administration, and consistent social worker role definition and tasks. Positive social change is possible at the policy level because findings showed that providing enough care for patients can reduce hospital readmissions.
... In the needs assessment of "Healthy Ageing in Nursing Profession", participants were asked about several topics, age stereotypes (already published in Helaß et al. [27]) and stress/resilience factors, which were surveyed independently of each other and evaluated separately, so that no overlaps or thematic mixing could occur. This study followed a generic qualitative approach [28], as the participants were not only asked about their own views, but also the supervisors views of (other) nursing staff. Interviews and focus groups were conducted at a university hospital of maximum medical care (surgical, conservative and mental health departments) in Germany. ...
Background
Supervisor–subordinate relationship is high relevant in dealing with work-related stress and providing a compassionate, high-quality, and safe nursing care while meeting the needs of the hospital. Our aim was to assess the predisposing risk and resilience factors of the stress of nursing staff as well as to explore the common and distinctive perceptions of these factors between nurses without a managerial position (nursing staff) and employees in a supervising position (nurse managers, ward nurses).
Design
Generic qualitative study using half-standardized interviews.
Methods
Fifty nurses and supervisors from different departments from a German hospital of maximum medical care participated in this study between August and November 2018. Nineteen face-to-face interviews and five focus groups were conducted. Transcripts were subjected to structured qualitative content analysis.
Results
Systematised in Lazarus’s transactional model, nurses, and supervisors mentioned similar risk and resilience factors of stress. Disagreement in suggested responsibility for nurses’ stress or health and an evaluation of implemented measures meeting the nurses’ needs are discussed.
Conclusion
Nursing staff and supervisors should enforce exchange to reduce disagreements in perceptions and to improve mutual understanding. Furthermore, measures to meet nurses’ needs to minimize stress and to improve collaboration and job satisfaction should be developed in close coordination with the target group. The focus should be placed on restructuring training and education programs with supplementation of self-responsibility promotion.
Trail registration
The study was registered with the German Register for Clinical Studies (DRKS 00013482) on 09 March 2018.
... We used inductive thematic analysis as described by Percy, Kostere and Kostere (2015). All the interviews were carefully read, and each participant's response was colour coded. ...
This study explored teachers' experiences in implementing a differentiated curriculum for children with severe intellectual disorders, including learners with autism spectrum disorder. The South African Differentiated Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (DCAPS) (2018) is a pilot study implemented by the Department of Basic Education (DBE) to adapt the existing Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) to accommodate learners with high support needs to acquire skills and independence. This research followed a qualitative approach with a phenomenological multiple case study design. Eight teachers from four different schools in the Gauteng province participated. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, document analysis, observations and field notes. In the interviews, teachers shared their thoughts, feelings and experiences about using the DCAPS (2018). The findings revealed the following major themes: (1) The teachers did not entirely understand the rationale behind the DCAPS (2018) curriculum for children with autism (2) teachers found the implementation of the differentiated curriculum difficult (3) teachers lacked sufficient training on the DCAPS (2018) curriculum. It was recommended that the Department of Basic Education (DBE) uses a professional developmental model that includes continuous monitoring and support. The study provides a stepping-stone for further research on the DCAPS (2018) curriculum for children with autism in South Africa.
... This research paradigm allowed for the combination of quantitative methods of inquiry with qualitative exploration at both project and study levels and benefited from the cumulative experience and expertise of a large and diverse research team. With an emphasis on practical implications, in this study we adopted a problem-focused generic qualitative design (Kahlke, 2014;Percy et al., 2015), which allowed us to capture athletes' perspectives on antidoping without specific theoretical constraints. This approach was ideal for exploring the under-researched topic of athletes' perceptions of anti-doping legitimacy. ...
Legitimacy is fundamental for the stability, trust, and effective functioning of organizations. Still, little is known about athletes’ perspectives about anti-doping (AD) policies. We aimed to address this gap by investigating a broader set of personal and contextual features connected to athletes’ perceived legitimacy of AD policies. The sample consisted of 110 competitive level athletes from six European countries (M = 25.45 years, SD = 5.28). Athletes took part in focus group interviews including questions about knowledge of AD policies, involvement in doping control procedures and general evaluation of AD policies. Using template analysis, we generated four main themes; (a) Guardians of fair play (personal responsibility, and authorities’ responsibilities for keeping sport clean and fair), (b) All athletes are equal, but some are more equal than others(negative perceptions about the AD system and its efficacy in protecting sport), (c) Integrity under scrutiny (concerns about the fair and effective implementation of AD policies) and (d) Athletes as advocates of doping-free sport (motivation and actions to support clean sport). These findings suggest that policy makers should pay attention to ways to enhance athletes’ perception of legitimacy of the AD system, including improvements in the system as well as communicating these better to athletes and other stakeholders. Sport psychologists should be aware of and able to address athletes’ concerns about the AD system to support athletes in coping with the demands of high-performance sport which include the demands and stress from constant vigilance and anti-doping rule compliance.
Lay summary
The study suggested that personal and authorities’ responsibility are important for keeping sport clean and fair. Participants felt that anti-doping is necessary, and they were willing to support clean sport initiatives, but expressed negative perceptions about the anti-doping system and raised concerns about the fair and effective implementation of its policies.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Athletes may comply with anti-doping rules either due to personal values and respect for the rules, or fear of consequences, or the combination of these.
Legitimacy concerns may increase the stress and anxiety athletes experience over the demands placed on them by the anti-doping system.
Improving the legitimacy perceptions of anti-doping policies will encourage athletes to support clean sport.
Anti-doping education needs to recognize that compliance with anti-doping, clean sport behavior and support for anti-doping are different behavioral goals.
... The data for this study was collected from 20 th July to 4 th August 2023, after a community sensitization exercise in June 2023, in the context of a larger study on preparing for the delivery of PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH the arPZQ to PSAC by the Pediatric Praziquantel Consortium [32]. Our study was a cross-sectional generic qualitative study [33][34][35][36] that employed several qualitative tools including; case study interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), and unstructured observations in the study communities. The aim was to understand the context, assess parents'/caregivers' knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards schistosomiasis and interventions, and propose a suitable approach to deliver pediatric praziquantel (arPZQ) to hard-to-reach areas and populations. ...
A new formulation of praziquantel, arpraziquantel (arPZQ), has been developed for preschool-aged children (PSAC) to fill the treatment gap for this age group in schistosomiasis control and elimination programs. There is now a priority to ensure that the drug reaches all at-risk PSAC in endemic areas, including hard-to-reach areas and populations. This study aimed to determine schistosomiasis treatment-related contextual factors among fishermen and island populations in Homa Bay County, Kenya, and to identify a suitable platform to deliver arPZQ. We conducted a generic qualitative study using two case study interviews with parents/caregivers living with disability caring for children ≤5 years,18 focus group discussions (FGDs) with parents/caregivers of children ≤5 years (each with 8–10 participants), 14 key informant interviews (KIIs) with various government agencies, and unstructured observations. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The case study interviews and FGDs revealed awareness of schistosomiasis among community members but limited knowledge of transmission risk factors. Lake water and open defecation were the main predisposing factors to infection. We observed poor health-seeking behavior in the community due to inaccessibility of quality healthcare services, resulting from health system level, population level, and geographic barriers. Despite these barriers, community members reported positive experiences with previous PZQ mass drug administration (MDAs) and other innovative healthcare programs, and expressed willingness to participate in future MDAs, including with arPZQ. Based on the reported barriers, the door-to-door distribution approach by community health promoters was proposed by parents and key informants as the most feasible platform for community sensitization, mobilization, and arPZQ delivery. To achieve high arPZQ treatment coverage for all at-risk PSAC, and promote ownership and sustainability of the program, the door-to-door approach is the most promising platform to deliver treatment and public health promotion in marginalized hard-to-reach island populations of Lake Victoria, Kenya.
... The research participants shared one critical characteristic that met the inclusion criteria for the research studyenrollment as an undergraduate student veteran at the time of the study. Percy et al. (2015) assert that even a small research sample may provide great insight and information on the research topic. ...
... An exploratory qualitative design was used for this study, as it draws on the strengths of established qualitative methodologies, enabling flexible adoption of techniques (Percy et al, 2015). It seeks to understand a phenomenon, process or perspectives and worldviews of the people involved (Creswell and Poth, 2017). ...
Background/Aims
Adolescent pregnancies are prevalent in Indonesia. This study aimed to explore perceptions from healthcare workers and pregnant adolescents of maternity services for pregnant adolescents.
Methods
This qualitative exploratory study involved two policymakers, 10 midwives, five doctors, and 10 pregnant adolescents. Data were collected through structured interviews in public health centre consultation rooms. The data were analysed thematically to explore factors that promoted or hindered use of maternity services for pregnant adolescents.
Results
The identified barriers included a lack of tailored directives, challenges in engaging adolescents, insufficient numbers of skilled healthcare professionals, adolescents' fears and compromised confidentiality. Opportunities for improvement included enhancing service quality through strategic planning and specialised training for midwives and psychologists.
Conclusions
The study underscores the need to improve maternity services offered for pregnant adolescents by creating a conducive working environment and sensitising healthcare workers and the community to adolescent mothers' needs.
Implications for practice
There is a need for guidelines in Indonesia specifically on providing care for pregnant adolescents. Healthcare professionals require specialised training and facilities should be made adolescent friendly.
... This method was utilized because it is well suited to analyzing data from fully structured questionnaires with a mixed closed and open-ended responses while examining the broad opinions of students' experience in our informatics courses 25 . A descriptive qualitative approach 26 and an inductive analysis, followed the steps outlined by Percy et al. (2015) and Saldaña (2013) 25, 27 . Free text responses were first reviewed, then empty text fields and null responses, such as "N/A", were removed and the Likert scale responses were analyzed as an initial summary of the data. ...
Background Dental informatics (DI) is an emerging discipline. Although the accreditation agency governing dental education programs asserts the importance of informatics as foundational knowledge, no well-defined DI courses currently exist within the standard predoctoral dental curriculum. There is a nationwide lack of DI academic programs. This training gap is due to a lack of qualified dental informaticians to impart knowledge on DI.
Objective This paper aims to introduce a novel conceptual framework for an interdisciplinary DI program in preparing students to become dental informaticians.
Methods In 2023, we developed a standalone graduate certificate program in DI at Indiana University (IU) School of Dentistry (IUSD) in collaboration with IU Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering and IU Fairbanks School of Public Health. Feedback was collected through online surveys to assess course quality from students who took Introduction to Health Information in Dentistry. Feedback was analyzed qualitatively, utilizing a thematic analysis approach. Common responses relevant to DI education were grouped into themes.
Results Five major themes emerged during our analysis of the students' feedback: foundational knowledge and skills; experiential learning: learning by doing; access to resources and working on clinical information systems; health promotion through team-based learning; and retention of knowledge assessment and application. A conceptual framework was formulated through these themes as a guideline for future program improvement. This interdisciplinary educational program framework showed how students and faculty from various disciplines could collaborate, learn from each other, and bring in expertise from different domains. The collaboration happens in clinical, laboratory, and virtual settings to acquire hands-on learning through practice and research projects.
Conclusion The developed conceptual framework aligns with the interdisciplinary nature of DI. It can potentially be adopted by other interdisciplinary informatics programs in health and non-health care disciplines.
... Our study aimed to take a generic qualitative design (Percy et al., 2015) in which we investigated collegiate athletes' subjective opinions, attitudes, beliefs, and/or reflections on their sport experiences with a particular focus on their sport passion during their athletic careers. As Percy and colleagues (2015) have indicated, we believe this approach is ideal for two main reasons: 1) this approach is well suited for mixed methods studies, and 2) we, as researchers, have a body of pre-knowledge about the topic but aim to describe the process more richly from the participants' perspectives. ...
Athletes’ motivation, well-being, and outcomes in sport are heavily influenced by passion, which can be conceptualized as either harmonious (HP) or obsessive (OP) (Vallerand et al., 2003). Although the effects of HP and OP have been repeatedly observed, factors that cause these passion types to surface have scarcely been studied (Mageau et al., 2009). The purpose of this study was to identify the major factors impacting HP and OP in collegiate athletes and note the differences in these pathways. Data collection occurred in two distinct phases: Phase I surveyed participants’ sport passion levels, and Phase II selected athletes whose scores met certain criteria for follow-up interviews. During these interviews, the researcher explored each participant's sport journey from youth to college. Overarching categories identified from the athletes’ rendition of their sport experiences were passion identifiers (enjoyment, time and energy investment, value), athletic identity (“I am an athlete” vs. “I am not only an athlete”), fulfillment/frustration of autonomy (autonomy support vs autonomy thwarting), perception of feedback (support independent of performance outcomes vs. pressure to perform well), and motivation (extrinsic vs. intrinsic). The main differences between groups were seen in enjoyment, extrinsic motivation, exclusive athletic identity, pressure to perform well, and autonomy thwarting. Implications from the study include that parents and coaches can foster the development of HP by providing ample autonomy support, encouraging intrinsic motivation and a well-rounded identity, offering more support than pressure, and explicitly communicating that support is not attached to contingencies.
... As stated earlier, this paper intends to understand how smallholder farmers use indigenous knowledge to build resilience against food insecurity resulting from climate variability and recurrent droughts. The paper follows a qualitative research approach that explores people's subjective opinions, beliefs, attitudes, behaviours, interactions, and experiences (Mohajan, 2018;Percy et al., 2015;Walia, 2016). The study employed a non-random sampling with purposive and snowball sampling techniques to recruit respondents from households engaging in SSI. ...
The global south faces challenges in enhancing smallholder farmers' resilience to climate change and food insecurity. Indigenous knowledge and small-scale irrigation (SSI) systems are being promoted as a viable solution to address these challenges. This paper explores how smallholder farmers use local knowledge to establish informal and farmer-led SSI to enhance smallholders' resilience in agriculture and livelihoods. A qualitative research approach with 79 semi-structured interviews was carried out with farmers' households in Tamaske rural community in Southwest Niger, followed by thematic and statistical analysis. The results revealed that an alternative SSI strategy is mostly based on internal agencies rather than externally supported and it serves as a tool to enhance household food and income security amid climate change. The empirical case allows us to assess the value of indigenous knowledge in agriculture by asking how local people can bring together ideas and resources to enhance SSI and build resilience to climate change. The study suggests that the initiation and multiplication of SSI systems can be achieved by farmers' own agencies if appropriate technology and cooperation mechanisms are selected. The policy focus should promote simple, root-based technology as limited government financial support in the global south may hinder this progress.
... This approach helps in uncovering underlying themes and relationships that might not be immediately apparent. Additionally, it facilitates the development of a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter, guiding informed decision-making and strategic planning (Percy et al., 2015). ...
This research delves into the social media habits and perceptions of prospective management students, offering a qualitative lens through in-depth interviews with 35 prospective students using purposive sampling. Data from two Indian states were meticulously gathered, transcribed via Microsoft Otter.ai, and analyzed with NVIVO 10 through a thematic approach. The study uncovers that these students leverage social media for various purposes: promotion, advertisements, reviews and rankings, college brand awareness, job and internship searches, college selection, and alumni networking. The insights gained illuminate how higher education institutes (HEIs) can amplify their online presence and forge meaningful connections with prospective students, alumni, and other stakeholders, effectively showcasing their resources and enhancing engagemen.
This chapter examines verbal aggression (VA) in e-sports, focusing on Honor of Kings (HoK) as a case study to explore its gendered dynamics and broader implications for workplace inclusivity and staff development. Through thematic analysis of player experiences, the study identifies key factors contributing to VA, including gender stereotypes, anonymity, and competitive gaming culture. The findings reveal that female players disproportionately experience gendered hostility, mirroring exclusionary patterns found in professional and educational settings. VA's impact extends beyond individual experience, affecting teamwork, communication, and career participation. The chapter also explores strategies to mitigate VA, such as gamified training programs, structured communication practices, and AI-driven moderation tools. By integrating insights from e-sports into staff development frameworks, this research provides actionable recommendations for fostering inclusive digital and professional environments.
Nurse work stoppages are a significant concern within healthcare organizations, deeply affecting business operations, staff dynamics, and organizational stability. This qualitative case study investigated the complex factors contributing to these stoppages among unionized nurses in Southern California, aiming to uncover nuanced perceptions and identify effective resolution strategies. Using semi-structured interviews with 15 participants and a focus group session, this study gathered in-depth qualitative data to comprehensively understand the motivations behind these collective actions. Thematic analysis revealed several key findings. Factors driving work stoppages included a lack of administrative support, inadequate staffing levels, and limited autonomy in clinical decision-making. Emotional stress and frustration over poor leadership engagement and insufficient feedback mechanisms exacerbated nurses’ feelings of disempowerment and dissatisfaction. These key findings confirmed that psycho-social and job-related factors significantly influence the decision to participate in strikes. This study proposed several strategies for healthcare administrators to mitigate the impact of nurse work stoppages. These include improving communication and feedback channels, providing more robust administrative and emotional support, and addressing the chronic staffing shortages contributing to nurse burnout. Additionally, fostering greater autonomy and decision-making power for nurses can enhance job satisfaction and reduce the frequency of strikes. Healthcare organizations can create a more harmonious and stable working environment by implementing these
Esports and gaming have been conceptualized as a merging of technology and traditional sport, both of which are industries with histories of exclusionary and discriminatory cultures. Further, it has been established that within both sport and technology organizations, the diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives have largely been based upon mandated federal policy compliance rather than cultural change. Thus, the purpose of this study was to illuminate current DEI efforts and practices within gaming and esports organizations through an anti-isms lens and to explore the perceived effectiveness of these efforts in establishing increased inclusivity and decreased marginalization. The study employed an exploratory, qualitative approach. Participants ( n = 6) were currently employed by either a gaming or esports-specific organization working specifically on DEI initiatives. Findings revealed four themes describing the current culture of DEI efforts including: (1) performative DEI, (2) limited impacts, (3) benevolent equity, and (4) inequitable burdens. Overall, the findings revealed highly surface level and reactive processes that fail to effectively shift the culture of gaming and esports organizations toward truly inclusive and equitable environments.
Orientation: A global increase in the frequency and severity of disasters has underscored the critical need for more effective humanitarian supply chains (HSCs) and the optimisation of humanitarian organisation (HO) operations.
Research purpose: This study explored the role of information sharing and information quality between HOs in Southern Africa during disaster response.
Motivation for the study: The effectiveness of HSCs is heavily reliant on the efficient sharing of high-quality information. Despite research addressing various challenges in humanitarian logistics, significant gaps remain, particularly concerning information sharing and quality during disaster response efforts. These challenges are even more pronounced in developing countries, where the complexities of communication and infrastructure exacerbate the issue.
Research design, approach and method: Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 10 participants who are employed by humanitarian relief organisations in Southern Africa. A thematic analysis approach was used to analyse the data.
Main findings: The study reveals that effective information sharing during disaster response is crucial for coordination, transparency and efficient operations, facilitated through methods such as meetings, humanitarian relationship management and cluster-based approaches. Quality information, characterised by accuracy, clarity and trustworthiness, is ensured through dedicated quality assurance teams, manual vetting and data cross-checking. However, significant challenges persist, including information duplication, lack of inter-actor sharing and ethical issues, highlighting the need for improved tools and processes to address these barriers.
Practical and/or managerial implications: Practitioners can leverage the insights from the findings of this study to develop and implement proactive strategies for information sharing and quality, enhancing their effectiveness in future disaster responses.
Contributions and/or value add: This study contributes to knowledge by elucidating the specific roles of information sharing and information quality within HSC disaster response. It also identifies the methods and tools employed to enhance these aspects, with a particular focus on the Southern African context.
Faith and spirituality are significant cultural factors that support positive mental health and overall wellness but are often overlooked in counseling training and practice. To date, most of the existing research literature regarding faith and spirituality in counseling has been from counselors’ perspectives, with little research from the perspective of counselor educators. In this generic qualitative study, we explored 15 counselor educators’ experiences teaching master’s students to integrate faith and spirituality into clinical work. Through semi-structured interviews, six themes were identified: self-awareness, roles and responsibilities, assessment and case conceptualization, therapeutic relationship, academic programs, and methods and approaches. Implications and recommendations for future research are provided.
Importance: Latino/a cancer survivors (LCSs) and their family caregivers (FCs) experience barriers to participation. The occupational therapy literature centered on Latinos affected by cancer is limited, including the examination of cultural values such as familismo.
Objective: To explore the impact of familismo on LCSs and their FCs during treatment and survivorship from the perspectives of several stakeholders.
Design: Qualitative, cross-sectional study using semistructured interviews with various stakeholders recruited via purposive sampling. A detailed audit trail and peer examination were used to enhance rigor. Thematic analysis was used to identify, analyze, and report major themes.
Setting: Urban Midwestern city.
Participants: Diverse stakeholders in cancer survivorship among Latino families—LCSs living in survivorship (n = 8) and FCs (n = 5)—and cancer care providers (n = 5).
Results: LCSs were primarily female breast cancer survivors (75%), and most FCs were men (60%); only 1 LCS received occupational therapy services. Providers were 2 occupational therapists and 3 social workers. Participants described familismo as facilitating the multilevel support needed for everyday participation. Despite these tight family bonds, survivors and caregivers felt emotionally distant and were disappointed when cultural expectations were not met.
Conclusions and Relevance: Familismo plays a complex and nuanced role among Latino families affected by cancer because it is a strength that many families can draw from; however, it can also create a cycle of unexpressed needs and inadequate support. Future implications include examining culturally tailored occupational therapy services that infuse prominent cultural values and embrace cultural humility.
Plain-Language Summary: The occupational therapy cancer research base primarily focuses on White survivors. The profession needs to learn from diverse populations how best to support them. Focusing on Latino families affected by cancer, this study showed that familismo, which prioritizes family needs over individual needs, is a cultural value that plays out in many ways. Both survivors and caregivers were supported by many biological and chosen family members. Because of the collectivistic nature of familismo, individuals often put their family’s needs before their own. Despite close family relationships, survivors and caregivers felt distant and unsupported. We provide suggestions for how to incorporate familismo in practice. As occupational therapy’s role in cancer care grows, it must put diverse communities at the forefront and intentionally put effort into developing culturally tailored services.
Positionality Statements: Ricardo Ramirez is a first-generation, bilingual, and Latino occupational therapist with family experience of cancer. Susan Magasi is a White occupational therapy educator and scholar with family experience of cancer. She is a qualitative methodologist and cancer health equity researcher. In this article, the term Latino/a is used to honor the chosen language of participants with this background. We recognize that terms such as Latinx are considered to be gender-neutral, however, only 4% of the community uses this term (Noe-Bustamante et al., 2024). The term survivor is used throughout this article because it reflects the language that participants used to refer to themselves.
Attrition significantly impacts the U.S. supply chain industry, causing logistics delays, staffing challenges, and financial losses. The researcher explored U.S. supply chain leaders’ perspectives on effective leadership strategies to reduce attrition. Using a generic qualitative inquiry, 10 leaders were interviewed via semistructured online sessions, and data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis. Four key themes emerged: work-life balance, communication, teamwork, and growth and development. The attrition-reducing best practices within each team provided actionable strategies for leaders to address attrition and its detrimental effects.
In the past decade, autistic children have increasingly enrolled in general schools worldwide. However, most insights into their educational experiences come from educators and parents. There is a gap in understanding autistic children's perspectives on their educational experiences. The limited evidence from autistic children primarily focuses on middle school and reveals complex feelings of loneliness, anxiety and being misunderstood by teachers and peers. Moreover, research to date has not examined the full-time period of general education, which is needed to understand the cumulative developmental trajectory from elementary through high school. To address these gaps, this study investigated the lived experiences of 10 autistic individuals (ages 19-25 years) who had completed their entire school journey in general education settings. This study utilised in-depth interviews and a visual technique called the 'Blob Tree' to elicit their stories. The findings indicated that during primary school, participants felt overwhelmed and confused by the school environment. The transition to middle school, where they received an autism diagnosis, marked a period of significant instability, social insecurity and loneliness. Interestingly, the participants gained confidence during high school, accepted their autism and developed a more positive self-image. These findings emphasise the importance of learning the longitudinal self-perspective of autistic individuals through creative methods like the 'Blob Tree' technique. Furthermore, the study highlights the crucial role of effective support services during school transitions, particularly from experts in inclusive education. It underscores the need to create environments within general schools that are more inclusive to support autistic students better.
Background:
In Australia, with the recent introduction of electronic health records (EHRs) into hospitals, the use of hospital-based EHRs for research is a relatively new concept. The aim of this study was to explore the attitudes of older healthcare consumers on sharing their health data with an emerging EHR-based Research Data Platform within the National Centre for Healthy Ageing.
Methods:
This was a qualitative study. Two workshops were conducted in March 2022 with consumer representatives across Peninsula Health, Victoria, Australia. The workshops comprised three parts: (1) an ice-breaker (2) an introduction to EHR-based research through the presentation of 'use case' scenarios and (3) focus group discussions. Qualitative data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.
Results:
Consumer participants (n=16) were aged between 62 and 83 years and were of mixed gender. The overarching theme was related to trust in the use of EHR data for research; themes included: (1) benefits of sharing data, (2) uncertainty around data collection processes and (3) data sharing fears. The three themes within the overarching theme all reflect participants' levels of trust.
Conclusion:
Our study identified fundamental issues related to trust in the use of EHR data for research, with both healthcare and broader societal factors contributing to consumer attitudes. Processes to support transparent and clear communication with consumers are essential to support the responsible use of EHR data for research.
This chapter demonstrates how the expert panel review and field testing processes can improve the trustworthiness tenets of credibility, dependability, transferability, and confirmability (Castillo-Montoya, 2016). Extant literature on expert panels is scant. The first section of this chapter seeks to explain what an expert panel review is and who should be included on an expert panel that reviews doctoral research instruments. A qualitative methodologist and a content expert should be considered the minimum of expert panel reviewers. Also discussed is how expert panel reviews can help add trustworthiness when reviewing non-interview instruments. There is equally minimal extant literature on field testing (Merriam, 2009). To help distinguish between pilot and field testing, this chapter refers to field testing as the process of testing a qualitative instrument on a smaller but similar demographic. Therefore, tips, sample IRB applications, and sample recruitment information are included in the chapter. Finally, advice from a dissertation chair and former students is provided.
We respond to recent calls to connect our understanding of stigma across and between levels of analysis by investigating how stigma management strategies to the same stigma vary and relate in nested industry, organizational, and individual actors. Drawing on data collected from 61 interviews with various workers in the coal industry in Australia, we find evidence of commonalities across individual, organizational, and industry stigma management strategies as well as substantial distinctions. Furthermore, we find evidence of cross‐level influence efforts that aim to increase the probability that specific tactics will be more likely adopted or effective. While individual, organizational, and industry actors can all be ‘labelled’ by the same stigmatization, the present study is, to our knowledge, the first that explores whether and how actors at different levels manage the same stigma.
Ethnographic interviews have become a commonly used qualitat ive methodology for collecting data (Aronson, 1992). Once the information is gathered, res earchers are faced with the decision on how to analyze the data. There are many ways to anal yze informants' talk about their experiences (Mahrer, 1988; Spradley, 1979; Taylor & Bogdan, 1984), a nd thematic analysis is one such way. Although thematic analysis has been described (Benner, 1985; Leininger, 1985; Taylor & Board, 1984), there is insufficient literature that outlines the pragmatic process of thematic analysis. This article attempts to outline the procedure for perform ing a thematic analysis.
Thematic analysis is a poorly demarcated, rarely acknowledged, yet widely used qualitative analytic method within psychology. In this paper, we argue that it offers an accessible and theoretically flexible approach to analysing qualitative data. We outline what thematic analysis is, locating it in relation to other qualitative analytic methods that search for themes or patterns, and in relation to different epistemological and ontological positions. We then provide clear guidelines to those wanting to start thematic analysis, or conduct it in a more deliberate and rigorous way, and consider potential pitfalls in conducting thematic analysis. Finally, we outline the disadvantages and advantages of thematic analysis. We conclude by advocating thematic analysis as a useful and flexible method for qualitative research in and beyond psychology.