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A two-dimensional typology of crime prevention projects: With a bibliography
Abstract
The term "crime prevention" Is a widely used concept with a loosely defined meaning. For some authors the term crime prevention refers to conventional criminal justice policies. We prefer a definition which helps to bring into focus alternative or special crime prevention programs. In this paper crime prevention is defined as: "the total of all private intitatives and state polices, other than the enforcement of criminal law, aimed at the reduction of damage caused by acts defined as criminal by the state."
This definition covers fear reduction programmes, since fear can be seen as a damaging result of (perceived) criminality. lt also covers victim assistance polices since these can be viewed as a form of damage control. lncluded are also the prevention activities of the police, like general surveillance and the treatment or training of (ex) offenders. Excluded are the investigation and prosecution of crimes, sentencing and the execution of conventional punishments.
... Social prevention is a set of measures and precautionary measures that seek to eliminate or counteract the factors that affect the development of crime (Ekblom, 2017;Van Dijk & De Waard, 1991). Preventive measures address the circumstances, circumstances and circumstances that place the perpetrator at the brink of committing a crime. ...
The purpose of the religion of Islam is to create human beings and to form the center of the family. To this end, divorce and dissolution of marriage are contrary to human nature and contrary to the law of marriage, and condemns it, and causes and deserves blame, and on the other hand, God introduces. Divorce is effective from the point of view of criminology in the commission of crime and crimes, and it is a crime factor. Divorce in a society is considered as social inertia and its instability. The effect of divorce in men is that they are individuals Uncompromising. According to research by criminologists and astrologers, most street children have begun cooking, as well as street children and sleeping cartons, in other words, their mother was divorced or their father died or vice versa. The children of divorce and grudging in the society are considered as one of the main goals of the perpetrators of the perpetrators of the offenses. They are subject to delinquency and crime, such as harassment, prostitution, and other forms of rape. The occurrence of the types of social violence in the word means prevention, prevention and prevention. It means removing, preventing, preventing, stopping, keeping up.
... Crime prevention, though a widely used concept, only has a loosely defined agreed meaning (van Dijk & de Waard, 1991). The definition applied in the study is the one recently adopted by EUCPN, i.e. "ethically acceptable and evidence-based activities aimed at reducing the risk of crimes occurring and its harmful consequences with the ultimate goal of working towards the improvement of the quality of life and safety of individuals, groups and communities" (EUCPN, 2019). ...
... The complexity is especially prominent when considering coercive enforcement and the idea of prevention as a form of soft power. Van Dijk and De Waard (1991) have defined crime prevention as a noncoercive alternative to the enforcement of criminal law, that is, investigation, charge, trial and punishment. Preventive/proactive and investigative/reactive policing are still viewed as fundamentally different and separate activities by the police and are in most countries regulated by different legislation and by separate police and prosecution agencies. ...
This article analyses ambiguity and complexity in proactive policing practices and identifies the paradox that despite the focus on increasing proactivity, police work remains strongly reactive. Drawing on a set of Norwegian case studies of policing in different domains, the article shows how under an overarching objective of ‘combating crime’, the distinctions between non-coercive (mainly proactive) forms of prevention or (mainly reactive) methods such as investigation or intelligence are seen as unimportant. This creates a demand for professionals working across different crime types, leading to a shift towards high policing in everyday life and tension between experts and generalists. Other, unintended consequences include a fragmentation of tasks and a more general and abstract way of policing. The result is pluralization and multiagency partnership strategies, where the police conduct high-policing tasks and external actors conduct low-policing tasks. These findings point to the emergence of new forms of hybrid of policing.
... Bajo esas premisas, se encuentra en curso un proyecto de investigación que tiene como propósito diagnosticar, diseñar, ejecutar y evaluar una estrategia de intervención psicosocial para disminuir tres factores de riesgo asociados al delito y la violencia: el consumo de drogas (Fergusson & Horwood, 2000;Goldstein, 1985;Haggård-Grann, et al., 2006;Parker & Auerhahn, 1998), la violencia al interior de las familias (Buckley et al., 2007(Buckley et al., y 2013Welsh & Farrington, 2012) y la victimización (Foran & O'Leary, 2008;Van Dijk & De Waard, 1991) en una localidad del municipio de Guadalupe, Zacatecas, México. Dicha investigación consiste en un esfuerzo multidisciplinario de profesionales en políticas públicas, sociología, psicología y trabajo so-cial que buscan disminuir los factores que "expresan la existencia de conflictos y desequilibrios graves [y] que ad-vierten sobre el posible surgimiento de diversas formas de violencia" (Jusidman et al., 2011, p. 7). ...
Introduction: Under the framework of social prevention of violence, the results of a survey on drug use in school population in a locality in Guadalupe, Zacatecas, Mexico, are presented. Objective: Determine the prevalence of drug consumption in the local student population. Method: The questionnaire developed by INPRFM for ENCODE 2014 in its version for student age populations was applied. The questionnaire was answered by 96.6% of the population studied (N=1139). Results: 33.3% of the students stated that they had been offered drugs as gifts and 7.9% stated that they had been offered to buy drugs. Lifetime prevalence were 49.4% for alcohol, 37.6% for tobacco and 24.3% for some drugs such as amphetamines, tranquilizers, marijuana, cocaine, crack or rock, inhalants, methamphetamines or heroin. Prevalence of use in the last twelve months were 56.9% for alcohol, 20.1% for tobacco and 13.2% for other drugs. Prevalence of use in the last month were 35.8% for alcohol, 9.1% for tobacco and 9% for other drugs. Discussion: the relevance of a bivariate logistic regression analysis is proposed to study the connection between personal or sociodemographic characteristics with drug use. Two routes of action are proposed: a) Psychosocial, brief interventions adapted to the population and b) Socio-political, influence on the social context of conflict and illegality.
Cybercrimedelikte nehmen laufend zu und verursachen beachtliche wirtschaftliche
Schäden und persönliches Leid. Gute Präventionsarbeit ist ein wichtiges Mittel, um die
Angriffs- und Betrugsversuche der Kriminellen von vornherein zu verhindern, was
indessen erst Wirkung zeigt, wenn die Rezipient*innen ihr Verhalten anpassen. In der
vorliegenden Arbeit wurde untersucht, inwiefern die bestehende
Präventionskommunikation zum Cybercrimedelikt Phishing wissenschaftliche
Erkenntnisse der Einstellungs- und Verhaltensänderung berücksichtigt. Es zeigte sich,
dass fast durchgehend sowohl kognitive als auch heuristische Zugänge zur Information
angeboten werden. Die Präventionstexte präsentieren einerseits Argumente und
Informationen, die eine aktive Auseinandersetzung mit der Thematik zulassen.
Andererseits bieten sie die Möglichkeit einer heuristischen Verarbeitung. Wer sich also
nicht aktiv mit dem Thema auseinandersetzen kann oder will, findet dennoch Hinweise,
die eine intuitive Meinungsbildung zulassen. Die Verantwortung für das Handeln wird in
der Regel den Rezipient*innen zugeschrieben, was deren Gefühl stärkt, selbst etwas
bewirken zu können. Damit sie aktiv werden können, werden Tipps zum konkreten
Vorgehen vermittelt. Da diese Tipps in den meisten Fällen von Expert*innen stammen,
fördern sie die Zuversicht, mit dem neuen Verhalten erfolgreich zu sein, was wiederum
eine Motivation für die Verhaltensänderung darstellt. Motivation wird weiter durch die
Verdeutlichung negativer Konsequenzen vermittelt. Präventionskommunikation zum
Cybercrimedelikt Phishing ist von der Emotion Furcht geprägt. Auch die häufig
verwendeten Metaphern – Krieg, Hacker, Diebstahl, Gesundheit, Jagd – fördern
Angstgefühle. Problematisch ist dies dort, wo gleichzeitig Hilflosigkeit vermittelt wird, sei
es durch Metaphern, beispielsweise gejagte Nutzer*innen im Visier der Kriminellen, oder
durch Hinweise auf die Übermacht der Angreifer*innen beziehungsweise auf die
Ohnmacht der Nutzer*innen. Bei den Bildern fiel auf, dass sie häufig Alltagssituationen
zeigen und dadurch den Text verharmlosen, statt die Dringlichkeit und die Emotionen
aufzunehmen und zu verstärken. Da Bilder schneller und nachhaltiger wahrgenommen
werden als Texte, zeigt sich hier ein Optimierungspotenzial für eine wirksamere
Präventionskommunikation.
Crime, as well as fear of crime/feelings of insecurity, can be reduced by crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED); a multidisciplinary approach by which a partnership of different stakeholders/actors tackles crime problems in existing environments and prevents crime problems in new to be designed environments. In such a very diverse partnership, all participating disciplines speak a different professional language. Hence, reaching a consensus becomes difficult, and the situation resembles the design and building of the Tower of Babel. Nevertheless, a consensus between the stakeholders—from architect and urban planner to resident, police officers, local politician and city manager—about the chosen approach is crucial. Consensus about the definition of problems, goals and solutions, important social and physical features of an environment, ethical and aesthetical issues, the step-by-step approach to be taken together: scan-prioritise/analyse/respond/assess-evaluate (or: plan-do-check-act). Voluntary following a standard on the principles and process of CPTED might help in such a situation. This chapter describes the history and content of such a standard, its theoretical background and the use of the CPTED standard in Europe and worldwide.KeywordsCrime preventionCrime prevention through environmental design (CPTED)Crime Prevention through Urban Design and Planning (CP-UDP)StandardisationUrban designUrban planningUrban managementPartnership approachMultidisciplinary workingMulti-agency approach
En el marco de un proyecto sobre prevención social de la violencia, se presentan los resultados de una encuesta representativa sobre violencia contra las mujeres en el hogar en una localidad de Zacatecas. De acuerdo con un análisis de regresión logística bivariada se concluye que las mujeres más jóvenes, que trabajan por un salario y viven en unión libre tienen más riesgo de ser víctimas de violencia en el hogar. En cambio, las mujeres que gozan de mayor libertad para la toma de decisiones y que comparten labores del hogar con sus parejas tienen menor riesgo. Con base en estos resultados, se esbozan ejes de intervención que se propone articular con una medida integral para la prevención de la violencia en la localidad.
The aim of the article is to consider the scientific genesis of the problem of operational and investigative measures to combat intentional homicide by criminal police units. Subject of research is the stages on development of scientific knowledge on the issue under investigation. Methodology: In the course of the research the following methods are used: analysis and synthesis method, dialectical method, logical and semantic method, historical and legal method, legal modeling method. Research results: The state of scientific researches on the problem of crime prevention by the criminal police in general and intentional homicide in particular was examined. Practical consequences: In the course of the research, the development of scientific knowledge on the prevention of intentional homicide by criminal police units was gradually considered. Value / originality: It is the first study dedicated to the development of the history of prevention of intentional homicide by criminal police units in Ukraine.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.