No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the author.
Bioplasma Concept of Consciousness
Abstract
The great theories of the twentieth century, such as quantum physics, cybernetics, systems theory, synergetics, molecular biology, bioelectronics didn't leave psychology unaffected. Quantum physics is not only at the root of most of the achievements of electronics, solid-state physics, laser science, nuclear physics, biochemistry and molecular biology, but also forms the foundation of psychology. This way of interpreting the mental phenomena shows that man is not only a purely biological construct, but that bioelectronic, biochemical and informational processes also play a role. They are responsible for the development of the mental processes of man. Man's biological system uses for communication not only the biochemical means, but also electromagnetic and acoustic waves, spin fields and bioplasma. An important role in the history of research into the link between the plasma and the life processes has been played by the works of Sedlak, Iniuszyn and Zona. Bioplasma is a state of mutually interacting interconnected fields and positively and negatively charged particles in an organic semiconductor. Bioplasma is seated in the protein semiconductors, or piezoelectric organic compounds. To have charged particles and excited states in both plasma and in the body, it is necessary to provide energy in various forms. This process is done by the chemical release of energy through the metabolic processes, and through the provision of energy from the outside, through the human senses. Bioplasma is a tangible medium of life and is the ground of consciousness.
... To achieve such a uniform description of nature, it appears to be essential to have recourse to the archetypal background of the scientific terms and concepts. Wolfgang Pauli, Letter to C.G. Jung (16 June 1948) Basic organic compounds, such as biological water [63], proteins and nucleic acids, are semiconductors and possess the ability to activate charges without participation of ions [81]. piezoelectric (the ability of certain materials to generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress) and pyroelectric (the ability of certain materials to generate an electrical potential in response to applied thermal stress), 36 By event-horizon Iam not referringto the cosmological one but to aglobal property of a space-timeinertial reference system in-formed by de-localized (in space and time) correlative phenomenon. ...
... At present, "There is general agreement that the seat of consciousness is the brain" [81], meaning that there is general misunderstanding about what con- 45 Between the 7 th and 6 th centurie BC, under the siege of the Assyrian Empire, the priestly authority of the Kingdom of Judah, with its capital Jerusalem, for the purpose of coagulating the souls and forces of the Semitic communities (which worshiped different deities), around the common objective of defending themselves from the Assyrian invasion, it made of the Kingdom of Judah the first kingdom in history to venerate in a single temple a single god: the Abramitic god Yahweh, He IS, He who IS, divine Sinaitic figure conceived by the Semitic priestly caste during the second half of the 2 nd millennium BC (when the Semitic peoples of Sinai invent alphabetic writing), as theological synthesis between the Sumerian cosmic triad Anum-Enlil-Enki (which also includes the female counterpart of Anum, Ki, and the female feminine divinity, Ninhunsag), and the Akkadian one composed by Marduk-Ishtar-Shamash. A divine figure inspired by Īśvara, one of the many names given to Krishna (a divine figure who inspired the hierophany of Chris-t-os, which comes from the ancient Greek chrisos, gold, by interposing the letter T or the Tau of the Egyptian, Phoenician and Hebrew alphabets, symbol of death and resurrection-distinctive characteristics of Krishna-, of the solar cross of light, along with the musical scale G-A-D), one of the many names, the 57 th , given to Vishnu, a Vedic masculine divinity, one of the personifications ofTat. ...
The huge progress made in recent decades in the medical-health field, together with the large-scale introduction of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and other emergency techniques and procedures, has made it possible to save a growing number of human lives. Also because of this, the testimonies classified as Near Death Experiences (NDEs) have increased exponentially, mostly in Western countries. The present work aims at first to identify six basic inclusion-exclusion clinical criteria to be adopted for the definition of a Near Death State (NDS), distinguishing between an objective NDS and a subjective Near Death Like State (NDLS). This classification leads to having NDEs split into two distinct groups: Near Death Experiences associated to NDS and Near Death Like Experiences (NDLEs) associated to NDLS. A general frame of reference, namely Tenso-Relational Model, within which consciousness and the mind-body system (MBS) can be located is discussed. In conclusion it is introduced a bio-physical frame of reference to be adopted for a possible explanation 1) of the so called Out of Body Experience (OBE), which can occur while experiencing an NDS or an NDLS, 2) of the so-called Electromagnetic After-Effects (EAEs), namely electro-sensitivity, which can be caused both by an NDS or by an NDLS, and 3) of others NDS-NDLS aftereffects such as the so-called Energy Healing Abilities (EHA) and the psi abilities, i.e. psychokinesis, telekinesis and psychic-teleportation, and Extra-Sensory Perceptions (ESPs) such as telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition and psychometry.
... Basic organic compounds, such as biological water, proteins and nucleic acids, are semiconductors and possess the ability to activate charges without participation of ions [83]. Semiconductors are good converters of chemical, thermal and electromagnetic energy into electric energy, and the other way round. ...
All the current computational mind-brain models are based on the mecha-nistic (mechanical philosophy) and deterministic vision of the world, conceived in the sign of Cartesian dualism and Newtonian physics, which operate in every sector of knowledge and know-how by reason of a universal mechanistic order. At present the Western theories about the position of human mind in Nature can be reduced to five: Materialism, Metaphysical idealism, Dualism, Holism, Quantum. Based on the identification of two distinct and imbricated physical planes of reality, namely the plane or domain of tension and the plane or domain of energy, a relationship-based alternative explanation of the mind-brain-body system non-linear dynamics is advanced. The paleoanth-ropological and psychologic roots of the anthropopoietic process are discussed. As advanced in previous works, a cosmogonic hypothesis is summarized on the possible derivation (and subsequent coexistence) of the physical dimension defined by the Planck constant from (with) a physical dimension defined by a non-uniform distribution of tension gradients, the "raw material" of which the mental phenomenon it's made of. Biological systems are defined as non-linear dissipative systems embedded by super-complex anticipatory systems relying on thermodynamics of non-equilibrium, at the phase boundary between chaotic and ordered (coherent) regimes. The role played by nerve cells in the phylogenetic diversification process is also discussed. In conclusion , an anthropological, phenomenological and physical interpretation of mind, consciousness and the mind-brain-body system's dynamics is advanced. Mind is not an intrinsic property of matter, nor a state of matter. Mind is a particular way of being of tension in relation to energy, made available when the autopoietic dynamic of a biological system is mediated by the neurologic relational module. Mind is grafted on the stream of sensations (state variations) elapsing within the neuro-dependent dynamics while energy merges into tension on the edge of chaos, that is, a stream of state variations experienced as events, i.e. knots of relations non isolated nor isolatable from the whole in which they are comprised, whose value and relevance is species-specific dependent .
... Changing the information disclosed in the electrical profile in living organism and changed the biofield plasma. Bioplasma is the result of the biofield [14]. The electrical current present within the human body in the form of vibratory energy particles and they produce a magnetic field commonly known as biofield [15,16]. ...
The recent emergence of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) is a pandemic. For the safety concern of seafood, consumer monitoring of this organism in seafood is very much essential. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on [ATCC-17802] strain of V. parahaemolyticus for its biochemical characteristics, biotype and 16S rDNA analysis. The lyophilized strain of V. parahaemolyticus was divided into two parts, Group (Gr.) I: control and Gr. II: treated. Gr. II was further subdivided into two parts, Gr. IIA and Gr. IIB. Gr. IIA was analyzed on day 10, whereas, Gr. IIB was stored and analyzed on day 142 (Study I). After retreatment of Gr. IIB on day 142 (Study II), the sample was divided into three separate tubes. The tubes first, second and third were analyzed on day 5, 10, and 15, respectively. The biochemical reaction and biotyping were performed using automated MicroScan Walk-Away® system. The 16S rDNA sequencing was carried out to correlate the phylogenetic relationship of V. parahaemolyticus with other bacterial species after the treatment. The results of biochemical reactions were altered 24.24%, out of thirty-three in the treated groups with respect to the control. Moreover, negative (-) reaction of urea was changed to positive (+) in the revived treated Gr. IIB, Study II on day 15 as compared to the control. Besides, biotype number was substantially changed in all the treated groups as compared to the control. However, change in organisms were reported in Gr. IIA on day 10 and in Gr. IIB; Study II on day 5 as Shewanella putrefaciens and Moraxella/Psychrobacter spp., respectively with respect to the control i.e. Vibrio sp. SF. 16S rDNA analysis showed that the identified sample in this experiment was V. parahaemolyticus after biofield treatment, and the nearest homolog genus-species was observed as Vibrio natriegens with 98% gene identity. The results envisaged that the biofield energy treatment showed an alteration in biochemical reaction pattern and biotype number on the strain of V. parahaemolyticus.
The presence of schizophrenia patients in the family system causes a various situation of stress. Families need the ability to withstand stress and problems during the care through resilience. This study aims to apply Family Resilience Model to improve the ability of the family to prevent recurrent of the patient with schizophrenia.Quasi-experiment design was employed 32 families who care schizophrenic patients at RSJ Menur Surabaya which obtained by simple random sampling. They were divided for 16 treatments and 16 controls. The independent variable was the family resilience model and the dependent variable was the family's ability to prevent recurrent of the patient with schizophrenia. Data were measured using questionnaires and analyzed using Wilcoxson Sign-Rank Test and Mann-Whitney Test (α <0.05).The family resilience model affects the ability of the family to prevent recurrent of the patient with schizophrenia (p = 0.000). Family resilience focuses on stimulating family enhancement through stress management so the family can rise up, growing stronger and doing better in giving support, accept the patient condition, provide the patient with activity and helping patient to solve the problem as the effort to prevent recurrent in the patient with schizophrenia.Family resilience model was able to increase the family capability in taking care of schizophrenia patients, especially to prevent the patients recurrently.
In the view of this chapter, contemporary communication culture in India has to be reviewed with the philosophies of Deleuze and Bergson. Deleuze says that the control mechanisms have no variations as they represent mostly a numerical language in the form of codes, which is used for reading information or dismissing it. In India, controls operate in such a way that the state forces the customs and culture of people in a particular mould and the communication systems follow suit. This chapter examines the contemporary political enactments in India and the influence of the same on the citizens. The news, events, reports, stories and all forms of exchanges through media are not the only communicative materials subjected to controls, but the personal interchanges are also codified and enclosed in the regulations of control society. This chapter tries to establish how intuition can be a reliable state of communication and how the correspondence occurs in this state. This chapter tries to analyze the concept of intuition through Deleuzian and Bergsonian models to see how it can naturally become a method of alternative communication.
The series of papers posits the belief that consciousness is multi-dimensional and eternal, the soul personality expressed as individualised consciousness, incarnating repeatedly through time, reconnecting with purpose and intention to soul groups with subconscious memory as an interface.
Memory of other lives is encapsulated within the subtle energy field at the sub conscious level, coherence and content do not fit the existing paradigm. It presents as fragmentation, requiring a quantum shift to recognise, remember and re-integrate the memories within the cohesive framework of a new dynamic. Quantum physics posits that past, present and future exist simultaneously until observed when they collapse to one outcome. For the purpose of these papers the term 'past life' refers to memories arising in response to reconnection with others within a soul group i.e. those who have shared experiences in other time frames. A comparison is drawn between science and mysticism, with reference made to the increasing congruence between religious belief systems and quantum theory.
The papers examine a compilation of synergistic events occurring between 1991 and 1994, involving phenomena suggestive of individuated consciousness reincarnating and operating through 'soul group' connection linked by memory. The researcher's work as a trauma therapist was born out of her own paranormal experiences in childhood and her retained 'past life' memories. This unique research examines the correlation between these previously undisclosed childhood memories and the spontaneous memories arising for a group of unrelated clients some thirty years later, who remembered shared lives together.
The content including events, locations and time lines was repeatedly corroborated independently through therapy sessions and correlated with the therapist’s own childhood memories occurring between 1951 and 1959. In 2017 a research project by the Living Memory Research Trust validated content described in the case notes.
Objectives:
To replicate the phantom leaf effect and demonstrate a possible means to directly observe properties of the biological field.
Design:
Thirty percent to 60% of plant leaves were amputated, and the remaining leaf sections were photographed with corona discharge imaging. All leaves were cut before placement on film. A total of 137 leaves were used.
Subjects:
Plant leaves of 14 different species.
Results:
Ninety-six phantom leaf specimens were successfully obtained; 41 specimens did not yield the phantom leaf effect.
Conclusions:
A normally undetected phantom "structure," possibly evidence of the biological field, can persist in the area of an amputated leaf section, and corona discharge can occur from this invisible structure. This protocol may suggest a testable method to study properties of conductivity and other parameters through direct observation of the complete biological field in plant leaves, with broad implications for biology and physics.
We postulate that the human psyche is a particular excitation of an underlying universal psychic (consciousness) quantum field. The human psyche is postulated to have a representation similar to a quantum system, with virtual and physical states corresponding to the potentiality and actuality of the human mind. We postulate that free will plays a central role in the transition from potentiality to actuality and vice versa. We model the psyche as a non-Abelian and supersymmetric quantum field, with its interactions mediated by another supersymmetric vector quantum field. We propose a model for the ground state of the human species, and show how an individual's psyche is created as excitations on the individual's ground state. We briefly give a quantum description of the waking and sleeping states of the human psyche, and lastly propose a model for the substructure of the human psyche based on the ideas of bound and entangled states.
Many years ago neural networks were subject of scientific research conducted only for curiosity. The researchers pursue to better understanding of natural brain behavior by means of forming of mathematical, electronic and simulation models. Unexpectedly as additional result of such research new computational tool occur, which very fast become huge popularity and high effectiveness. Now, when typical neural networks are used almost by everybody for almost everything – new progress in computational applications can come from new “cut end” research on neurocybernetics. The paper shows short survey of some most promising areas of current neurocybernetic research for inducting new possible technological inspirations.
The human brain consists of approximately 100 billion electrically active neurones that generate an endogenous electromagnetic (em) field, whose role in neuronal computing has not been fully examined. The source, magnitude and likely influence of the brain's endogenous em field are here considered. An estimate of the strength and magnitude of the brain's em field is gained from theo- retical considerations, brain scanning and microelectrode data. An estimate of the likely influence of the brain's em field is gained from theoretical principles and considerations of the experimental effects of external em fields on neurone firing both in vitro and in vivo. Synchronous firing of distributed neurones phase-locks induced em field fluctuations to increase their magnitude and influence. Synchro- nous firing has previously been demonstrated to correlate with awareness and per- ception, indicating that perturbations to the brain's em field also correlate with awareness. The brain's em field represents an integrated electromagnetic field rep- resentation of distributed neuronal information and has dynamics that closely map to those expected for a correlate of consciousness. I propose that the brain's em information field is the physical substrate of conscious awareness — the cemi field — and make a number of predictions that follow from this proposal. Experimental evidence pertinent to these predictions is examined and shown to be entirely con- sistent with the cemi field theory. This theory provides solutions to many of the intractable problems of consciousness — such as the binding problem — and pro- vides new insights into the role of consciousness, the meaning of free will and the nature of qualia. It thus places consciousness within a secure physical framework and provides a route towards constructing an artificial consciousness.
In the April 2002 edition of JCS I outlined the conscious electromagnetic information field (cemi field) theory, claiming that consciousness is that component of the brain's electromagnetic field that is downloaded to motor neurons and is thereby capable of communicating its informational content to the outside world. In this paper I demonstrate that the theory is robust to criticisms. I further explore implications of the theory particularly as regards the relationship between electromagnetic fields, information, the phenomenology of consciousness and the meaning of free will. Using cemi field theory I propose a working hypothesis that shows, among other things, that awareness and information represent the same phenomenon viewed from different reference frames.
As an alternative to our original dualistic approach, we present here our spin-mediated consciousness theory based on pan-protopsychism. We postulate that consciousness is intrinsically connected to quantum mechanical spin since said spin is embedded in the microscopic structure of spacetime and may be more fundamental than spacetime itself. Thus, we theorize that consciousness emerges quantum mechanically from the collective dynamics of "protopsychic" spins under the influence of spacetime dynamics. That is, spin is the "pixel" of mind. The unity of mind is achieved by quantum entanglement of the mind-pixels. Applying these ideas to the particular structures and dynamics of the brain, we postulate that the human mind works as follows: The nuclear spin ensembles ("NSE") in both neural membranes and proteins quantum mechanically process consciousness-related information such that conscious experience emerges from the collapses of entangled quantum states of NSE under the influence of the underlying spacetime dynamics. Said information is communicated to NSE through strong spin-spin couplings by biologically available unpaired electronic spins such as those carried by rapidly diffusing oxygen molecules and neural transmitter nitric oxides that extract information from their diffusing pathways in the brain. In turn, the dynamics of NSE has effects through spin chemistry on the classical neural activities such as action potentials and receptor functions thus influencing the classical neural networks of said brain. We also present supporting evidence and make important predictions. We stress that our theory is experimentally verifiable with present technologies.
It is widely accepted that consciousness or, in other words, mental activity is in some way correlated to the behavior of the brain or, in other words, material brain activity. Since quantum theory is the most fundamental theory of matter that is currently available, it is a legitimate question to ask whether quantum theory can help us to understand consciousness. Several approaches answering this question affirmatively, proposed in recent decades, will be surveyed. It will be pointed out that they make different epistemological assumptions, refer to different neurophysiological levels of description, and adopt quantum theory in different ways. For each of the approaches discussed, these imply both problematic and promising features which will be indicated.
Melanins produced synthetically and isolated from biological systems act as an amorphous semiconductor threshold switch. Switching occurs reversibly at potential gradients two to three orders of magnitude lower than reported for inorganic thin films, and comparable to gradients existing in some biological systems. Of a number of other biological materials tested, only cytochrome c acted similarly, but at the high potential gradients reported for thin film amorphous semiconductors.
A new type of piezoelectric effect has been found in certain elongated and polarized films of polymers, viz. poly (vinylidene fluoride), poly (vinylfluoride), poly (vinyl chloride) and poly-carbonate. The newly found piezoelectric polymers possess an mm 2 symmetry and piezoelectric constants d31, d32, d33, d15 and d24 where the z-axis is assigned normal to film surface and the x-axis in the direction of elongation. Piezoelectricity appears in the above polymer films after the following treatment. The films were stretched a few times of the original length at softing temperatures. A static electric field (about 300 kV/cm) was applied to the films along their thickness and the temperature was raised gradually to 60_??_90°C and then slowly cooled. The largest value of g31, and d31 found in poly (vinylidene fluoride) film was about 150 millivolt/gram and 20×10⁻⁸ cgs. esu. The spontaneous polarization in the piezoelectric poly (vinylidene fluoride) film was estimated to be about 2×10⁻⁶ Coulomb/cm².
Many authors have proposed that a coherent state of matter underlies the remarkable organization and coordination of biological systems. London(1) and Schrödinger(2) made early suggestions along this line. More recently, Fröhlich(3) proposed that metabolic pumping could give rise to coherent oscillations in biological cells, and this idea has led to an increasing number of interesting theoretical and experimental studies. Mishra has argued that observable biological order to a large extent reflects a Bose-Einstein-like ordering in an underlying boson sea(4).
Orch OR ("Orchestrated Objective Reduction") is a theory of consciousness put forth in the mid-1990s by British physicist Sir Roger Penrose and American anesthesiologist Stuart Hameroff. Whereas most theories assume consciousness emerges from complex computation at the level of synapses among brain neurons, Orch OR involves a specific form of quantum computation which underlies these neuronal synaptic activities. The proposed quantum computations occur in structures inside the brain's neurons called microtubules.
The nonlinear mechanism of charge and energy transfer in biological macromolecules is discussed, which is based on the theory of molecular solitons. The main properties of solitons and their dynamics in discrete macromolecular systems are summarised and the corresponding biological consequences are analised. In particular, such consequences include the following. Charged solitons emit electromagnetic radiation, that can be a source for the informational exchange and via which intra- and inter-cellular signalling is possible. Such radiation is shown to result in the long-range interaction between electrosolitons, which leads to the synchronization of soliton dynamics, which can constitute one of the mechanisms of selfregulation in living systems. The soliton model based on the self-consistent description of the interaction between solitons, qualitatively describes main peculiarities of the charge transport that accompanies oxydative-phosphoryllation redox processes. The input of soliton states into the stimulated luminescence explains qualitatively and quantitatively the main properties of the delayed luminescence from biological systems.
A well established fact of the generation of excited states and photons
in biological systems indicates that both life and light are
intrinsically associated. This association stems from the
electromagnetic nature of the both phenomena. The energetic and
informational role of endogenous, spontaneous photon emission is
discussed in the framework of two hypotheses attempting to explain the
origin, mechanism and biological significance of biogenic radiations.
This short interim report presents experimental results obtained while studying spontaneous polarization in and pyroelectric behavior of organisms. The existence of pyroelectric properties in skeletal structures of vertebrates, in the epidermis of animals and plants, and in nerve tissue is shown, and a possible relationship between these and distinct morphological and physiological properties of organisms is discussed.
Biological systems are expected to have a branch of longitudinal electric modes in a frequency region between 10¹¹ and 10¹² sec⁻¹. They are based on the dipolar properties of cell membranes; of certain bonds recurring in giant molecules (such as H bonds) and possibly on pockets of non-localized electrons. In Section 2 it is shown quit generally that if energy is supplied above a certain mean rate to such a branch, then a steady state will be reached in which a single mode of this branch is very strongly excited. The supplied energy is thus not completely thermalized but stored in a highly ordered fashion. This order expresses itself in long-range phase correlations; the phenomenon has considerable similarity with the low-temperature condensation of a Bose gas. General consequences and proposals of experiments are discussed in section 3.
Historical Background
Current ConceptsPerspectivesAcknowledgments
The vertebrate and arthropod integument structures are characterized by pyroelectric behaviour and a permanent electric polarization (=permanent electric moment) along two principal axes. These two directions of polarization constitute a uniform feature of the integument structures in situ and remain unchanged during ontogenesis. The species were selected so as to be representative of the entire line of vertebrates (including man) and arthropods. The longitudinal polarization follows the longitudinal fibril alignment. In hair, bristles, claws, horns, bills, feather shafts and in the antennae of arthropods, the positive pole of the permanent electric moment was invariably oriented towards the distal end. The outside-inside polarization is at right angles to the external surfaces of all the integument structures. It was possible to investigate the keratinized appendages of vertebrate skin as well as the cuticle of most arthropods in the fresh state, whereas the corium and the epidermis of vertebrate skin had to be air-dried before examination. In all the integument structures investigated, an experimental change of temperature or of light intensity, as well as the action of mechanical stress, resulted in a pyroelectric (or piezoelectric) signal. On the basis of these findings the possibility is discussed that there may be a common mechanism of action responsible for the development of the receptor potential (generator potential) in thermoreceptors, photoreceptors and mechanoreceptors.
Tendons are pyroelectric. Pyroelectrical behaviour is identical with a permanent electrical moment in the direction of the pyroelectrical axis. There exists a pyroelectrical (and consequently also piezoelectrical) axis corresponding to the longitudinal axis of the tendon fibres and their collagen fibrils, and also corresponding to their optical axis, in the direction of which a positive birefringence is known.
Accordingly in tendons with an approximately parallel alignment of the collagen fibres the pyroelectrical (and piezoelectrical) axis corresponds to the physiological longitudinal tendon axis. In rope-like or any other histological irregular forms of the collagen fibre alignment corresponding irregularities of the electrical axis direction were found.
The pyro- and piezoelectric effects show large biological variations in corresponding tendons of different individuals.
In situ the permanent electrical moment in the examined tendons of men and ox and of rat-tail respectively is always in the same vector direction in each individual. This vector direction is analogical in all examined corresponding tendons of men, ox, and also in rat-tail. The permanent electrical moment of tendons (as well as of other collagen-containing tissues) seems to correspond to the morphogenetical development axis of animals.
The results of this investigation may be understood by the assumption that the rod-like collagen molecule (i.e. tropocollagen) represents an electrical dipole with a permanent electrical moment in the longitudinal direction of the rod.
The purpose of this work is to resolve together four basic questions concerning the nature of nature. These questions are:
(1) How is mind related to matter? (2) How is quantum theory related to reality? (3) How is relativity theory reconciled globally
with that which locally we experience directly, namely the coming of reality into being or existence? (4) How is relativity
theory reconciled with the apparent demand of Bell’s theorem that what happens in one spacetime region must, in certain situations,
depend on decisions made in a spacelike-separated region? These four questions will be discussed in detail later. They are
probably the four most fundamental questions in science.
Features of consciousness difficult to understand in terms of conventional neuroscience have evoked application of quantum theory, which describes the fundamental behavior of matter and energy. In this paper we propose that aspects of quantum theory (e.g. quantum coherence) and of a newly proposed physical phenomenon of quantum wave function “self-collapse” (objective reduction: OR - Penrose, 1994) are essential for consciousness, and occur in cytoskeletal microtubules and other structures within each of the brain's neurons. The particular characteristics of microtubules suitable for quantum effects include their crystal-like lattice structure, hollow inner core, organization of cell function and capacity for information processing. We envisage that conformational states of microtubule subunits (tubulins) are coupled to internal quantum events, and cooperatively interact (compute) with other tubulins. We further assume that macroscopic coherent superposition of quantum-coupled tubulin conformational states occurs throughout significant brain volumes and provides the global binding essential to consciousness. We equate the emergence of the microtubule quantum coherence with pre-conscious processing which grows (for up to 500 ms) until the mass-energy difference among the separated states of tubulins reaches a threshold related to quantum gravity. According to the arguments for OR put forth in Penrose (1994), superpositioned states each have their own space-time geometries. When the degree of coherent mass-energy difference leads to sufficient separation of space-time geometry, the system must choose and decay (reduce, collapse) to a single universe state. In this way, a transient superposition of slightly differing space-time geometries persists until an abrupt quantum → classical reduction occurs. Unlike the random, “subjective reduction” (SR, or R) of standard quantum theory caused by observation or environmental entanglement, the OR we propose in microtubules is a self-collapse and it results in particular patterns of microtubule-tubulin conformational states that regulate neuronal activities including synaptic functions. Possibilities and probabilities for post-reduction tubulin states are influenced by factors including attachments of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) acting as “nodes” which tune and “orchestrate” the quantum oscillations. We thus term the self-tuning OR process in microtubules “orchestrated objective reduction” (“Orch OR”), and calculate an estimate for the number of tubulins (and neurons) whose coherence for relevant time periods (e.g. 500 ms) will elicit Orch OR. In providing a connection among (1) pre-conscious to conscious transition, (2) fundamental space-time notions, (3) non-computability, and (4) binding of various (time scale and spatial) reductions into an instantaneous event (“conscious now”), we believe Orch OR in brain microtubules is the most specific and plausible model for consciousness yet proposed.
The modelling of processes in enzyme electrodes and the comparison of experimental data to such models allows us to establish the rate limiting steps in the transduction of the analyte concentration into a sensor response and to determine the relevant mass transport and enzyme kinetic rates. These are of importance in the design and optimisation of enzyme electrodes.
“Neural network” models of brain function assume neurons and their synaptic connections to be the fundamental units of information processing, somewhat like switches within computers. However, neurons and synapses are extremely complex and resemble entire computers rather than switches. The interiors of the neurons (and other eucaryotic cells) are now known to contain highly ordered parallel networks of filamentous protein polymers collectively termed the cytoskeleton. Originally assumed to provide merely structural “bone-like” support, cytoskeletal structures such as microtubules are now recognized to organize cell interiors dynamically. The cytoskeleton is the internal communication network for the eucaryotic cell, both by means of simple transport and by means of coordinating extremely complicated events like cell division, growth and differentiation. The cytoskeleton may therefore be viewed as the cell's “nervous system”. Consequently the neuronal cytoskeleton may be involved in molecular level information processing which subserves higher, collective neuronal functions ultimately relating to cognition. Numerous models of information processing within the cytoskeleton (in particular, microtubules) have been proposed. We have utilized cellular automata as a means to model and demonstrate the potential for information processing in cytoskeletal microtubules. In this paper, we extend previous work and simulate associative learning in a cytoskeletal network as well as assembly and disassembly of microtubules. We also discuss possible relevance and implications of cytoskeletal information processing to cognition.
The epidermis of live human skin has a permanent electric dipole moment perpendicular to its surface. Voltage responses to
a rapid change of temperature are pyroeletric, while voltage responses to pressure pulses are piezoelectric in nature. The
time course of the responses depends on dX/dt (X, temperature or pressure). The epidermal surface can react to all physical
environmental influences to which nonbiological pyroelectric materials are known to respond. Epidermal voltage signals can
be perceived through the intraepidermal and the superficial dermal nervous network. The pyroelectric and piezoelectric properties
are also measurable on dead, dry skin samples.
Energy transduction processes in biology are analyzed in terms of ordered chains of hydrogen bonds. The theory is an extension of studies on proton conductance in ice and is stimulated by current ideas on the role of hydrogen ions in oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation. The possibility of a protochemistry paralleling electrochemistry is presented along with experimental evidence. The theory relating transmembrane electrochemical potential difference of hydrogen ion concentration to the synthesis of ATP is reviewed. The thermodynamics of hydrogen transfer across a membrane is treated including electrochemical and electromechanical factors. As a prelude to considering ATP synthesis, the acid-base dissociation reactions of ATP, ADP, and phosphate are analyzed. The thermodynamics of ATP synthesis is discussed and a detailed model is presented coupling the synthesis to proton transport. The model assumes a gated proton semiconductor that carries protons and allows them to interact specifically with well-defined substrate molecules. The physics of proton transport is outlined and various methods examined in the context of biological membranes. Emphasis is placed on solid-state proton semiconductors and the present theory of such structures is given. A section is included on possible biological applications of these semiconductors.
This paper reviews the biosynthesis and physicochemical properties of the ocular melanin. Age-related changes of melanin granules and the corresponding formation of lipofuscin pigments in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) are also described. Adverse photoreactions of the eye and, in particular, light-induced damage to the RPE-retina are reviewed in relation to the ocular pigmentation. A hypothesis on the photoprotective role of the RPE melanin is presented that is based on the ability of the cellular melanin to bind redoxactive metal ions. Since bound-to-melanin metal ions are expected to be less damaging to the pigment cells, it is proposed that sequestration of heavy metal ions by the RPE melanin is an efficient detoxifying mechanism. It is postulated that oxidative degradation of RPE melanin may lower its metal-binding capability and decrease its anti-oxidant efficiency. Cellular and environmental factors that may contribute to possible oxidative damage of the RPE melanin are discussed in connection with the etiology of age-related macular degeneration.
Basic semiconductor characteristics of natural melanins isolated from bovine eye, human dark hair, and banana peel were obtained by means of the dc dark conductivity experiments and optical absorption measurements. The results were compared with results obtained for synthetic melanin. Specific conductivity in natural melanins is of the order 10(-11) omega -1 cm-1 and in synthetic melanin 10(-8) omega -1 cm-1. Thermal activation energies in the range 298-333 degrees K are eye melanin, 0.93 eV; hair melanin, 1.01 eV; banana melanin, 1.04 eV; whereas synthetic melanin has two values of activation energy: up to 311 degrees K, 0.1 eV; above 313 degrees K, 0.78 eV. Optical gaps are: in eye melanin, 1.73 eV; in hair melanin, 1.35 eV; in banana melanin, 1.55 eV; and in synthetic melanin, 1.40 eV. The observed differences between natural melanins and the synthetic one could be explained by either the presence of protein residues in natural melanins or the influence of the isolation method on their electrical properties.
Some twenty years have passed since Swan reviewed the chemistry of melanins for Vol. 31 of this series (1). Although some of the questions which he aired at that time have remained unanswered, our knowledge and appreciation of the field have increased dramatically in the intervening years (2, 3). Considerable steps forward have been made in practically all areas of melanin research, including the molecular biology of pigment-related genes (4, 5). Concurrent with these advances, research has begun to explore in earnest some fascinating phenomena at the interface between chemistry and biology, such as the origin of skin colour differences in man, the role of melanins in photoprotection and in a variety of genetic and acquired pigmentary disorders that are of great social concern. Some of these alterations are well known and include albinism, vitiligo, mongolian spots and melanoma. The latter is a tumor of the melanin producing cells whose increasing incidence, aggressive behaviour, and resistance to conventional therapeutic regimens represent a challenge to the whole scientific community.
It is proposed to unite the principles of new science mathematics, physics and biology for the description of living creatures. Such description is based on four principles: minimal price of action, optimum prediction, minimal irreversibility, and causality. In this new knowledge of nature not only the molecular biological experimental aspects have to be considered, but also the profound 'meaning' of molecular texts of DNA.
How is mind related to matter? This ancient question inphilosophy is rapidly becoming a core problem in science, perhaps themost important of all because it probes the essential nature of manhimself. The origin of the problem is a conflict between the mechanicalconception of human beings that arises from the precepts of classicalphysical theory and the very different idea that arises from ourintuition: the former reduces each of us to an automaton, while thelatter allows our thoughts to guide our actions. The dominantcontemporary approaches to the problem attempt to resolve this conflictby clinging to the classical concepts, and trying to explain away ourmisleading intuition. But a detailed argument given here shows why, in ascientific approach to this problem, it is necessary to use the morebasic principles of quantum physics, which bring the observer into thedynamics, rather than to accept classical precepts that are profoundlyincorrect precisely at the crucial point of the role of humanconsciousness in the dynamics of human brains. Adherence to the quantumprinciples yields a dynamical theory of the mind/brain/body system thatis in close accord with our intuitive idea of what we are. In particular,the need for a self-observing quantum system to pose certain questionscreates a causal opening that allowsmind/brain dynamics to have threedistinguishable but interlocked causal processes, one micro-local, onestochastic, and the third experiential. Passing to the classical limit inwhich the critical difference between zero and the finite actual value ofPlanck's constant is ignored not only eliminates the chemical processesthat are absolutely crucial to the functioning of actual brains, itsimultaneously blinds the resulting theoretical construct to the physicalfine structure wherein the effect of mind on matter lies: the use of thislimit in this context is totally unjustified from a physicsperspective.
- W Sedlak
Sedlak W. Dynamika bioplazmy i metabolizm. Kosmos
A 1975; 24(3): 261-272.
- W Sedlak
- Homo Electronicus
Sedlak W. Homo electronicus. Warszawa: Wyd. PIW,
1980.
Świadomość samego siebie
- P Lauster
Lauster P. Świadomość samego siebie. Warszawa:
Wyd. Świat Ksiązki, 1995.
- T Krajewski
- Zagadnienie Fizyki Dielektryków
Krajewski T. Zagadnienie fizyki dielektryków.
Warszawa: PWN, 1970.
Plazma fizyczna i laserowe efekty w układach biologicznych
- W Sedlak
Sedlak W. Plazma fizyczna i laserowe efekty w
układach biologicznych. Kosmos A 1970; 19: 143-154.
Mała monografia bioelektroniki
- W Sedlak
Sedlak W. Mała monografia bioelektroniki. Radom:
Wyd. Continua, 2000.
Świadomość i samoświadomość człowieka
- Z Zaborowski
Zaborowski Z. Świadomość i samoświadomość
człowieka. Warszawa: Wyd. Eneteia, 1998.
- A Chełkowski
- Fizyka Dielektryków
Chełkowski A. Fizyka dielektryków. Warszawa: PW,
1979.
Electromagnetic control of cell processes
- F A Popp
Popp FA. Electromagnetic control of cell processes.
Proceedings of International Symposium on Wave
Therapeutics. (Ed) Z. W. Wolkowski, 60-94,
Versailles, May 19-20, 1979. Paris. 1983.
enzymy, melatonina w zdrowiu i mechanoreceptors
- A Adamski
- Melanina
Adamski A. Melanina, enzymy, melatonina w zdrowiu i mechanoreceptors. Zeitschrift fiir Anatomie und
Entwicklungsgescichte 1972; 136: 249-271.
Theoretical estimation of electrotorsion radiation
- G I Shipov
Shipov GI. Theoretical estimation of electrotorsion
radiation. M. Preprint N1. MITPF 1995; 21: 34-42.
Postępy fizyki życia
- W Sedlak
Sedlak W. Postępy fizyki życia. Warszawa: Wyd. IW
PAX, 1984.
Paramagnetism in melanins: origin of the intrinsic free radical
- T M Schulz
- S Kurtz
- L Wolfram
- H Swarz
- T Sarna
Schulz TM, Kurtz S, Wolfram L, Swarz H, Sarna T.
Paramagnetism in melanins: origin of the intrinsic
free radical. First Meeting of the European Society
for Pigment Cell Research Sorrento, 1987.
Coloured organic semiconductors: melanins. Rendicont. dell' Ac ademia delle Scienze Fisiche e Matematiche
- R A Nicolaus
Nicolaus RA. Coloured organic semiconductors:
melanins. Rendicont. dell' Ac ademia delle Scienze
Fisiche e Matematiche 1997: LXIV: 325-360.
- Gi Szipow
- Teorija Fiziczeskogo Wakuma
Szipow GI. Teorija fiziczeskogo wakuma. Moskwa:
Nauka, 1997.
Plazma fizyczna jako podstawa bioenergetyki
- W Sedlak
Sedlak W. Plazma fizyczna jako podstawa
bioenergetyki. Roczniki Filozoficzne 1972; 20(3):
125-148.