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Germinação de sementes de maracujá-doce (Passiflora alata Dryand) em função de tratamento pré-germinativo
... O tempo de irrigação foi de 15 s e o turno variável: entre 8 e 17 h a cada 15 min, das 17 às 23 h a cada 60 min e das 23 às 8 h a cada 180 min. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela combinação dos fatores bioestimulante (Biozyme TS ® e Acadian ® ) e sua concentração (0testemunha, 2, 4 e 6 mL.L -1 ), em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições de 50 sementes, semelhante ao utilizado por Rosseto et al. (2000). As 200 sementes utilizadas em cada tratamento foram embebidas em 30 ml da solução de tratamento por 24 horas. ...
... Vários trabalhos demonstraram efeito positivo da aplicação de reguladores de crescimento na emergência de sementes de maracujazeiro-amarelo e outras passifloráceas (ROSSETO et al., 2000;LIMA et al., 2009;ZUCARELI et al., 2009). Entretanto, se tomarmos como exemplo a concentração de 6 mL.L -1 de Biozyme TS ® , equivalente a 0,46 ppm de giberelina, a dosagem de giberelina é bem inferior ao utilizado por Lima et al. (2009) Dentre as médias observadas para as variáveis da parte aérea comprimento do caule e número de folhas não houve diferença significativa. ...
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de dois produtos com ação bioestimulante, Acadian® e Biozyme TS®, na emergência, no crescimento e em parâmetros morfofisiológicos de mudas de maracujazeiro-amarelo. Foram executados dois experimentos de outubro a dezembro de 2012. No primeiro, em Curitiba – PR, a aplicação dos produtos foi feita por imersão de sementes e a avaliação até os 40 dias após a semeadura. No segundo, em Pinhais, PR, a aplicação foi feita por pulverização foliar e a avaliação realizada até 60 dias após a semeadura. As concentrações testadas foram: 0, 2, 4 e 6 mL.L-1 em solução aquosa. O aumento da concentração dos produtos via semente incrementou linearmente a matéria seca da parte aérea das mudas, mas não houve efeito na emergência, altura, número de folhas e no crescimento radicular. A aplicação via foliar até a concentração de 3,15 mL.L-1 aumentou o teor de clorofila nas folhas. Também houve aumento da quantidade de raízes grossas com o aumento da concentração dos produtos, porém o comprimento total das raízes e os parâmetros da parte aérea não foram afetados. Como conclusão, a aplicação de Biozyme TS® e de Acadian® às sementes, até as concentrações de 6 mL.L-1, aumenta a matéria seca da parte aérea de plântulas de maracujazeiro-amarelo. A aplicação via foliar aumenta a quantidade de raízes grossas, e nas concentrações de 3,15 mL.L-1 promove o maior teor relativo de clorofila nas folhas.
... in seed germination is not as well disseminated with forest species as it is with fruit-bearing, vegetable, and medicinal species. While working with seeds of Passifl ora alata, Rosseto et al. (2000) observed that using GA 3 at a concentration of 300 mg L -1 was more effective in promoting germination. Still with Passifl ora alata, Ferreira (1998) observed that GA 3 at 100 mg L -1 promoted better germination, while with Passifl ora nitida Passos et al. (2004) reported that for in vitro germination the most suitable gibberellic acid concentration was 1000 mg L -1 , with or without luminosity. ...
... Similarly, Ferreira et al. (2002) observed with seeds of sugar apple (Anona squamosa L.) that the highest concentration being tested (200 mg L -1 ) provided the best germination results. Still on the subject of gibberellic acid for seed germination, other authors obtained better germination results under conditions similar to those described in this work (AÑEZ et al., 2006;FERREIRA, 1996;FUENTES FIALLO et al., 1996;GARCIA et al., 2006;ROSSETO et al., 2000). ...
This work aims to evaluate treatments that may help improve speed and uniformity of germination in fruit tree species tarumã. Data were obtained from pyrenes (stones) of ripe fruits which in turn were picked from adult trees in the municipality of Vera Cruz do Oeste-PR. Treatments consisted of applying GA 3 solutions at various concentrations (zero, 50 mg L -1, 100 mg L- 1 or 200 mg L -1) to pyrenes via immersion for 47 hours, and thermoperiods of alternate 20 °C and 30 °C (8 hours at 20 °C in light conditions, and 16 hours at 30 °C in dark conditions) and constant 30 °C with the same photoperiod. The combination of alternate temperatures of 20 °C and 30 °C with a 200 mg L -1 GA 3 solution resulted in an increase both in germination percentage, from 19.2% to 56.2%, and in the germination speed index, from 0.19 to 3.12, with resulting normal, uniform seedlings.
... Contudo, para produção comercial de mudas é necessário que a emergência ocorra de maneira uniforme, para que ocorra um padrão de desenvolvimento das plantas (Zaidan;Barbedo, 2004 Vários tratamentos estão sendo testados, nas mais diversas espécies de maracujazeiro, com alguns apresentando resultados significativos, como exemplo, escarificação mecânica através de lixa em sementes de maracujá doce (P. alata Dryand) (Rossetto et al., 2000) e maracujazeiro amarelo (P. edulis f. flavicarpa) (Alexandre et al., 2004b), uso de banho-maria (50 °C) por 5 minutos em sementes de P. mucronata (Santos et al., 2012), e o uso de embebição em água destilada por 24 horas em sementes de maracujazeiro amarelo (P. ...
... Isso ocorre por que a giberelina estimula a síntese de enzimas que digerem as reservas armazenadas no endosperma, formando açúcares simples, aminoácidos e ácidos nucleicos, que são absorvidos e transportados para as regiões de crescimento do embrião, estimulando o alongamento celular e o rompimento da raiz no tegumento da semente, proporcionando maior uniformidade na germinação (Stenzel et al., 2003). Rossetto et al. (2000) testando influência da pré-embebição de sementes de maracujá-doce (P. alata) em soluções de GA3 concluíram que as concentrações de 300 e 150 mg.L -1 de GA3 ...
... Nos demais tratamentos com escarificação mecânica Rossetto et al. (2000) constataram que sementes de P. alata Dryand quando pré embebidas em soluções de zero, 150 e 300 mg. L -1 de ácido giberélico, apresentaram uma baixa germinação, obtendo no máximo 38% de germinação. ...
As sementes de Passiflora apresentam germinação baixa e desuniforme, devida a presença de dormência das sementes, sendo assim, esta dormência deve ser superada por um método eficiente que aumente as taxas de germinação. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficiência de métodos para superação da dormência das sementes de Passiflora elegans. Foram coletados 35 frutos maduros no município de Getúlio Vargas, Rio Grande do Sul em dezembro de 2013. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Foram utilizados os seguintes métodos para superação da dormência: T1: sementes com tegumento; T2: sementes sem tegumento; T3- escarificação mecânica; T4: escarificação química em ácido sulfúrico concentrado por 10 min; T5: estratificação por 5 dias a 4 ˚C; T6: sementes sem o tegumento, seguido de imersão em ácido giberélico GA3 (50 µM); T7: sementes sem o tegumento, seguido de imersão em solução de paclobutrazol (0,1 mM). As sementes foram submetidas a teste de germinação, utilizando cinco repetições de 40 sementes, mantidas em B.O.D. à 25 ˚C. A germinação foi avaliada diariamente por 80 dias. Foram avaliadas a porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG) e velocidade de germinação (VG). No teste do tetrazólio as sementes receberam um picote e foram embebidas por 16 h e cortadas longitudinalmente e imersas em solução de tetrazólio 0,05% e mantidas no escuro em banho-maria a 36 ˚C, por 24 h. Conclui-se que a imersão em GA3 (50 µM) é o melhor método para a superação de dormência de P. elegans.
... A embebição de sementes em substrato contendo solução com substâncias promotoras de crescimento consiste em uma técnica conhecida. Tem sido demonstrado que os efeitos benéficos deste tratamento permanecem, mesmo após a secagem das sementes (ROSSETO et al., 2000). ...
O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar diferentes concentrações de citocinina na manutenção do potencial fisiológico de sementes de milho doce antes e após o processo de envelhecimento acelerado. Sementes de milho doce, cultivar BR-400 (Super-Doce) foram submetidas à embebição em diferentes concentrações de citocinina (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 mg L-1), Benzil Amino Purina (BAP), sob o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. Após os tratamentos, avaliou-se a determinação do teor de água, teste de germinação, primeira contagem do teste de germinação, condutividade elétrica e lixiviação dos íons K, Ca e Mg e, em seguida foram submetidas ao envelhecimento acelerado seguido pelas mesmas determinações iniciais. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey p
... Among the procedures that may increase seed germination is seed imbibition in water or solutions capable of promoting growth, whether by immersion or simply with moistened substrate (Rosseto et al. 2000). The use of potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ), reported as one of the primary agents to overcome dormancy in numerous species, may cause structural changes in the seeds, decreasing water absorption by the pericarp, thereby increasing germination (Faron et al. 2004). ...
The Solanum torvum species can grow in soils with a heavy load of nematodes and pathogenic fungi. It is currently much in demand in intensive agriculture as a rootstock of Solanaceae species, such as eggplant and tomato. This study aimed at comparing treatments, in order to determine the best method to accelerate the germination of S. torvum seed batches. Three seed batches were submitted to four treatments to overcome dormancy (water, potassium nitrate, gibberellic acid and pre-imbibition in gibberellic acid). The first germination count, germination percentage, germination speed index, mean germination time and mean germination speed were assessed. Treatments with gibberellic acid, with either pre-imbibition or only moistened substrate, exhibited the best germination speed index, mean germination time and mean germination speed. The final germination percentage showed a significant interaction between treatments and seed batches. Therefore, the treatments affect the final germination in a batch-dependent manner.
... In Passiflora, seed scarification and exposure of the embryo to substrate that is moistened with gibberellic acid is an effective methodology for seed germination in cultivars and wild species, such as P. nitida Kunth, P. alata Dryand and P. gibertii N.E. Br. (Melo et al., 2000;Rosseto et al., 2000;Carvalho et al., 2012). The lack of synchrony in Passiflora seed germination is common in many species of the genus (Ulmer and MacDougal, 2004), a fact that has also been observed from the first-way crosses. ...
Morphological characterization and genetic parameter estimation were performed in four progenies obtained by backcrossing the donor genitor Passiflora sublanceolata and four recurrent genitor F1 HD13 hybrids (P. sublanceolata vs. P. foetida). The use of two different germination methodologies showed the existence of significant differences between the germination potential of two-way crossing, indicating time differences to overcome seed dormancy. SSR and ISSR molecular markers allowed the backcrossed character to be confirmed in most plants within progenies, discarding the hypothesis of self-pollination in the origin of backcrossed germplasm. Broad qualitative variation was observed, reflecting 30 different floral patterns in the backcrossed population. ANOVA revealed a significant effect between both characterization periods and for most descriptors analyzed separately in the first and second characterization periods. Scott-Knott clustering revealed that most of the features of the progenies showed intermediate values for the mean of the genitors; however, they have similar mean values between them. Generally higher heritability was observed for floral traits, suggesting high genetic control in phenotypic expression. Data indicates the success of the backcrossing for the recovery of ornamental characteristics with broad variability among progenies. Genetic parameters indicate that the selection of progenies should be made based on floral characteristics, yet all progenies showed higher mean values of the recurrent parents for the most important floral descriptor. However, the selection of plants within progeny should be performed after the characterization of individual plants, either for direct use as an ornamental plant, or for use in other breeding programs.
... La exposición al frío degrada el ABA presente en las semillas a ácido faséico y dihidroxifaséico, que son compuestos inactivos, lo que, a su vez, aumenta la relación GA 3 /ABA, para que ocurra la germinación (Davies, 2004). Rossetto et al. (2000) encontraron que las semillas de P. alata sin arilo y sometidos a remojo previo con GA 3 mostraron un incremento en el porcentaje de germinación. Según Passos et al. (2004), la aplicación de 1000 mg L -1 de GA 3 con luz fue efectiva para romper la latencia de las semillas de P. nitida Kunth, con una germinación del 86%. ...
Debido al auge de la gulupa y a su importancia económica en Colombia, se hace necesario mejorar las técnicas de producción de este cultivo. La gulupa, se propaga, comercialmente, mediante semillas, pero la dureza e impermeabilidad de la testa origina problemas de germinación y de vigor germinativo, que complican las labores de propagación y la obtención uniforme de las plántulas. Con el fin de lograr material de buena calidad para transplante, en un diseño completamente al azar bifactorial de 4x2, se estratificaron semillas de gulupa a 4°C, durante 0, 360, 720 y 1440h, con cubierta plástica negra en la siembra y sin ella, durante 15 días, para un total de ocho tratamientos. La siembra, se realizó en bandejas de germinación de 72 alvéolos REF. A-BA72; el experimento tuvo una duración de 60 días y se llevó a cabo en condiciones de invernadero. La germinación, se activó solo con los tratamientos de 360 y 720h de estratificación y 15 días de cubrimiento con plástico negro, durante la germinación y 360h sin la puesta de plástico. Los mayores valores de porcentaje de emergencia, velocidad media de germinación y altura de planta, se observaron en el tratamiento de 360h de estratificación fría y 15 días de cubrimiento con plástico negro. Los tratamientos de frío y plástico negro son complementarios para una germinación óptima. Las semillas que permanecieron 720h en estratificación con 15 días de cubrimiento de plástico, durante la germinación, presentaron el mayor tiempo medio de emergencia, pero generaron las plántulas con mayor longitud de raíz.
... La exposición al frío degrada el ABA presente en las semillas a ácido faséico y dihidroxifaséico, que son compuestos inactivos, lo que, a su vez, aumenta la relación GA 3 /ABA, para que ocurra la germinación (Davies, 2004). Rossetto et al. (2000) encontraron que las semillas de P. alata sin arilo y sometidos a remojo previo con GA 3 mostraron un incremento en el porcentaje de germinación. Según Passos et al. (2004), la aplicación de 1000 mg L -1 de GA 3 con luz fue efectiva para romper la latencia de las semillas de P. nitida Kunth, con una germinación del 86%. ...
Debido al auge de la gulupa y a su importancia económica en Colombia, se hace necesario mejorar las técnicas de producción de este cultivo. La gulupa, se propaga, comercialmente, mediante semillas, pero la dureza e impermeabilidad de la testa origina problemas de germinación y de vigor germinativo, que complican las labores de propagación y la obtención uniforme de las plántulas. Con el fin de lograr material de buena calidad para transplante, en un diseño completamente al azar bifactorial de 4x2, se estratificaron semillas de gulupa a 4°C, durante 0, 360, 720 y 1440h, con cubierta plástica negra en la siembra y sin ella, durante 15 días, para un total de ocho tratamientos. La siembra, se realizó en bandejas de germinación de 72 alvéolos REF. A-BA72; el experimento tuvo una duración de 60 días y se llevó a cabo en condiciones de invernadero. La germinación, se activó solo con los tratamientos de 360 y 720h de estratificación y 15 días de cubrimiento con plástico negro, durante la germinación y 360h sin la puesta de plástico. Los mayores valores de porcentaje de emergencia, velocidad media de germinación y altura de planta, se observaron en el tratamiento de 360h de estratificación fría y 15 días de cubrimiento con plástico negro. Los tratamientos de frío y plástico negro son complementarios para una germinación óptima. Las semillas que permanecieron 720h en estratificación con 15 días de cubrimiento de plástico, durante la germinación, presentaron el mayor tiempo medio de emergencia, pero generaron las plántulas con mayor longitud de raíz.
... Así, la aplicación de AG 3 a una concentración entre 300 a 1000 mg L -1 en semillas de P. tripartita var. mollissima (Cardozo, 1998), P. nítida (Passos et al., 2004), P. alata (Ferreira et al., 2005;Rosseto et al., 2000), P. edulis f. flavicarpa (Lima et al., 2009) y P. ligularis (Cárdenas, 2011) promovió considerablemente la germinación. En adición, la escarificación y la inmersión de la semilla (50°C por 5 min) de P. tripartita var. ...
... Así, la aplicación de AG 3 a una concentración entre 300 a 1000 mg L -1 en semillas de P. tripartita var. mollissima (Cardozo, 1998), P. nítida (Passos et al., 2004), P. alata (Ferreira et al., 2005;Rosseto et al., 2000), P. edulis f. flavicarpa (Lima et al., 2009) y P. ligularis (Cárdenas, 2011) promovió considerablemente la germinación. En adición, la escarificación y la inmersión de la semilla (50°C por 5 min) de P. tripartita var. ...
Yellow (P. edulis f. flavicarpa), sweet (P. ligularis) and purple passion fruits (P. edulis f. edulis) are economically the main species of the Passiflora L. genus with edible fruits that are marketed in local and international markets. The objective of this study was to identify the physiological behavior of the seeds of yellow passion fruit, sweet passion fruit and purple passion fruit during storage for contribution to ex situ conservation. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and three replications following the protocol of Hong and Ellis (1996). Firstly, the seeds were dried in chambers with a continuous air flow (22°C and 35% relative humidity [RH]), with a decrease in moisture content to the optimum range of 10-12%, for 5 hours for yellow passion fruit and purple passion fruit, obtaining 100% and 77.1% germination, respectively. In the case of sweet passion fruit, desiccation took 20 hours with 79.5% germination. Afterwards, decreasing the moisture content to 6% (21°C and 10% RH) took 60 hours for yellow passion fruit and purple passion fruit, with a germination of 81.2% and 98.6%, respectively, and 105 hours for sweet passion fruit, with 91.4% germination. According to the mentioned protocol, the treatments underwent conservation assessments for 6 months at the 1st, 3rd and 6th month, with an average germination of 94.1% for yellow passion fruit, 90.9% for sweet passion fruit and 87.9% for purple passion fruit. This suggests that the seeds of the three species are tolerant to desiccation and possibly belong to the orthodox category. These results contribute to the management and conservation of plant genetic resources of Neotropical fruit.
... Os resultados obtidos com essa espécie demonstraram a eficiência da escarificação com a utilização de materiais abrasivos, realizada manualmente, na superação da dormência de sementes, a exemplo de outros obtidos em sementes de Bauhinia divaricata L., por Alves et al. (2004), Sterculia foetida L., por Santos, Morais e Matos (2004), Bauhinia monandra e B. ungulata, por Alves et al. (2000) e Passiflora alata Dryand., por Rossetto et al. (2000). Entretanto, Santos, Morais e Matos (2004) avaliando a massa seca do sistema radicular das plântulas de chichá (Sterculia foetida), observaram que a escarificação com lixa não exerceu influência sobre a massa seca das raízes. ...
... Así, la aplicación de AG 3 a una concentración entre 300 a 1000 mg L -1 en semillas de P. tripartita var. mollissima (Cardozo, 1998), P. nítida (Passos et al., 2004), P. alata (Ferreira et al., 2005;Rosseto et al., 2000), P. edulis f. flavicarpa (Lima et al., 2009) y P. ligularis (Cárdenas, 2011) promovió considerablemente la germinación. En adición, la escarificación y la inmersión de la semilla (50°C por 5 min) de P. tripartita var. ...
RESUMEN El maracuyá (P. edulis f. flavicarpa), la granadilla (P. ligularis) y la gulupa (P. edulis f. edulis) son econó-micamente las principales especies del género Passiflora L. por su fruto comestible y comercialización en mercados locales e internacionales. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar el comportamiento fisioló-gico de la semilla de maracuyá, granadilla y gulupa frente al almacenamiento como una contribución a la conservación ex situ. El diseño experimental utilizado fue completamente al azar con cinco tratamientos y tres repeticiones siguiendo el protocolo de Hong y Ellis (1996). Las semillas de maracuyá y gulupa fueron secadas en cuartos con flujo continuo de aire (20°C±2 y 35% humedad relativa [HR]), donde se les dismi-nuyó el contenido de humedad hasta un rango óptimo de 10-12% en 5 horas y obteniendo una germinación de 100 y 77,1%, respectivamente. En la granadilla, la desecación tardó 20 horas y las semillas germinaron en un 79,5%. Posteriormente, la disminución hasta 6% (20°C±2 y10% HR) tardó 60 horas, para maracuyá y gulupa con una germinación de 81,2 y 98,6%, respectivamente y 105 horas para granadilla con un 91,4% Estudio del comportamiento fisiológico de la semilla de tres especies cultivadas de Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae) como una contribución para la conservación ex situ Study of the physiological behavior of the seeds of three cultivated species of Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae) for contribution to ex situ conservation Frutos de maracuyá, granadilla y gulupa. Foto:
... Nagao e Furutani (1986) relataram aumento de 50% na germinação de sementes de mamão papaya tratadas com GA 3 . Vários outros autores também verificaram o efeito benéfico de pré-embebição mediante a imersão direta das sementes em solução de ácido giberélico (Rosseto et al., 2000). ...
Triploid and tetraploid watermelon seeds have low germination and, as such, need seed treatments to alleviate this problem. Techniques to improve seed germination are important factors to increase seed potential and stand uniformity in the field. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of pre-germinative treatments in diploid, triploid and tetraploid watermelon seeds. The seeds were subjected to the treatments: control, maceration, mechanical scarification, gibberellic acid (GA3) and mechanical scarification + GA3. After the treatments, the seeds were sown in rolls of germination paper imbibed in distilled water in a 2:5 proportion (w:v), and germinated at 25°C in germination chambers. Germination percentage and seedling growth were evaluated after 5 and 12 days. Seedling emergence was evaluated in a 50% shaded green house in trays filled with soil. The daily counting of seedling emergence were carried out until emergence stabilization, to determine the emergence percentage and emergence speed index. Although the pre-germinative treatments did not improve germination and emergence of all the seeds evaluated, it was observed that gibberellic acid and scarification, separately and associated, promoted high seedling growth derived from diploid and tetraploid seeds and also maceration improved tetraploid seedling growth.
... Ferreira (1998) verificou que a imersão de sementes de Passiflora alata em 100 mg L -1 de GA 3 favoreceu a germinação. Em sementes sem arilo embebidas em 150 e 300 mg L -1 de ácido giberélico observou-se maior percentagem de germinação (Rossetto et al., 2000). ...
Propagation of Passiflora setacea DC. is extremely difficult, therefore tissue culture techniques become a viable alternative. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro germination and determine the best culture medium for micropropagation. This work was carried out in two stages; in the first, seeds were placed in % MS culture medium and 30 g L-1 of sucrose, distributed in tubes and supplemented with different AG3 concentrations. The pH of culture medium was adjusted for 5.8 before adding 6.0 mg L-1 of agar. After seed inoculation, the cultures were kept in a growth room under 35 µmol.m-2.s-1, 26±1ºC and photoperiod of 16 hours. Just after germination, the seedlings were transferred to tubes containing % MS, constituting a second experiment, in order to test culture media with different sucrose concentrations. The experiments were arranged in a complete randomized design, in a 3x3 factorial, with four repetitions and 15 seeds/plot (first experiment) and a 4x4 factorial, with four repetitions and 3 plants/plot (second experiment). The best results for micropropagation were obtanied in MSM medium with 28.51 and 28.74 g L-1 of sucrose. The highest germination speed index was obtained with 20 mg L-1 of AG3 combined with seed tip scarification.
... Esses resultados concordam com Leonel e Pedroso (2005), que obtiveram maior porcentagem de emergência de sementes de maracujazeiro quanto essas foram pré-embebidas em solução de 200 mg L -1 de GA 3 por 24 horas. Segundo a literatura, há efeitos benéficos com a pré-embebição com ácido giberélico em sementes de maracujá-doce (Rosseto et al., 2000) e em sementes de mamão papaya, que resultou em aumento de 50% da emergência das plântulas (Nagao e Furutani, 1986). ...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of gibberellic acid (GA3) and cold stratification of Japonese quince tree seeds (Chaenomeles sinensis), on the growth of rootstock seedlings. Seeds were collected from fruits, rinsed in water, and dried for 48 hours. Soon after, the seeds were submerged in different gibberellic acid concentrations: 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg L-1, for 24 hours, with an oxygenation system. The seeds were placed in Petri plates between moistened cotton and submitted to cold stratification in a B.O.D. chamber (at 4 ºC) for different periods (0, 20, 40 and 60 days). At the end of each period, the seeds were distributed in polystyrene trays containing 72 cells, with vermiculite as substrate. After 30 and 60 days, the percentage emergence was measured and at the end of 60 days, the mean length of the seedlings and mean dry mass were determined. It was concluded that the seeds of Japanese quince should be treated with 200 mg L-1 of GA3 and stratified in humidified cotton for 60 days.
... por Bertalot & Nakagawa (1998), Bauhinia monandra e B. ungulata por Alves et al. (2000) e Passiflora alata Dryand. por Rossetto et al. (2000). ...
... Soaking seeds of P. edulis Sims (DELANOY et al., 2006) and P. alata (ROSSETTO et al., 2000) in solutions of giberrelic acid (GA 3 ) after performing mechanical scarification favored germination percentage (PG). In seeds of P. nitida, soaking in GA 3 increased PG and changed the germination response to light conditions (PASSOS et al., 2004). ...
Passiflora seeds germinate erratically presenting difficulties for their handling in a greenhouse. The effect of removing of basal point of seeds (RB) and pre-imbibition of seeds of sweet granadilla and yellow passion fruit in 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg mL -1 solutions of gibberellic acid (GA 3) or 0.1% KNO 3 solution was studied. The experiment was conducted in greenhouses in La Plata, Colombia. Two accessions PrJ1 and PrJ2 of sweet granadilla were evaluated. There were calculated the final percentage of germination (PG), mean germination time (MGT), and the mean germination rate (MGR). The leaf area and dry mass of seedlings were measured 22 days after sowing (das); with this data, specific leaf area and relation root/ shoot were calculated. In all cases, the highest germination percentages were achieved treating seeds with KNO 3 (89, 92, and 87% for yellow passion fruit, PrJ2, and PrJ1, respectively), but the increase in MGR (3.3 germinated seeds per day) and the decrease in MGT (16 days) were only significant for PrJ1. RB had a significant reduction of PG in all cases (28, 12, and 33% for passion fruit, PrJ2 and PrJ1, respectively). With the increase in the concentration of GA 3 , PG was reduced for two accessions of sweet granadilla, for yellow passion fruit this trend was not clear, no treatment with GA 3 showed significant differences with the control. Leaf area (24.07 cm2) and dry mass of seedlings (135 mg) were significantly higher than seeds previously treated with KNO 3 only for PrJ1.The solution of KNO 3 0,1% is recommended to improve the germination and initial growth of granadilla seedlings.
... Os resultados obtidos com essa espécie demonstraram a eficiência da escarificação através da utilização de materiais abrasivos, realizada manualmente, na quebra de dormência de sementes, a exemplo de outros obtidos em sementes de Bauhinia divaricata L., por Alves et al. (2004), Sterculia foetida L. por Santos et al. (2004), Bauhinia monandra e B. ungulata por Alves et al. (2000) e Passiflora alata Dryand. por Rossetto et al. (2000). ...
O biribazeiro pertence à família Annonnaceae e seus frutos têm grande aceitação popular, sendo comercializados e consumidos in natura. Como a maioria das espécies nativas, necessita de estudos agronômicos, a fim de que venha a ser explorada de maneira racional e sustentável. Assim, objetivou-se estudar o efeito de tratamentos para superação da dormência em sementes de Rollinia mucosa. As sementes foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: T1 - testemunha (sementes intactas); T2 - sementes escarificadas com lixa Nº 80 em um dos lados; T3 - sementes escarificadas com lixa Nº 80 nos dois lados; T4 - sementes escarificadas com lixa Nº 80 na região oposta à micrópila; T5 - sementes escarificadas com lixa Nº 80 na região oposta à micrópila + embebição com água destilada durante 24 horas; T6 - sementes escarificadas com lixa Nº 80 nos dois lados + embebição com água destilada durante 24 horas; T7- sementes escarificadas com lixa Nº 80 em um dos lados + embebição com água destilada durante 24 horas. Foram avaliadas a emergência de plântulas, índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimento e a massa seca de raiz e parte aérea. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos, sendo quatro repetições de 25 sementes para cada tratamento. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste Tukey. A escarificação das sementes nos dois lados, seguida de embebição em água destilada durante 24 horas proporciona maior porcentagem de emergência de plântulas, caracterizando a eficiência na quebra de dormência de R. mucosa.
... por Bertalot & Nakagawa (1998), Bauhinia monandra e B. ungulata por Alves et al. (2000) e Passiflora alata Dryand. por Rossetto et al. (2000). ...
Forest species with hard seeds often pose considerable problems to nursery managers because their hard and water impermeable seed coats hinder and delay germination. Therefore, this work aimed to determine the most efficient, practical and low cost methodology to overcome dormancy in chichá seeds. The seeds were submitted to five treatments: mechanical scarification with sandpaper number 40 for three minutes on both sides of the seed without soaking; mechanical scarification with sandpaper number 40 for three minutes in both sides of the seed with 24-hour soaking; mechanical scarification with sandpaper number 40 for three minutes on one side of the seed without soaking; mechanical scarification with sandpaper number 40 for three minutes on one side of the seed with soaking and control treatment whose seeds had not been scarified (intact seeds). The characteristics evaluated were first count and total germination percentages, emergence speed index and shoot and root dry mass The results allowed to recommend mechanical scarification with sandpaper number 40 on one side of the seed for three minutes followed by soaking in water for 24 hours and mechanical scarification in both sides without soaking to overcome dormancy in chichá seeds.
... O método mais usual no estabelecimento de pomares comerciais ainda é o de mudas formadas de propagação sexual devido ao menor custo de produção (Leonel e Pedroso, 2005) embora com elevada desuniformidade (Bruckner et al., 1995). O uso de reguladores vegetais tem sido preconizado nas diversas etapas da propagação de P. alata, seja com o objetivo de aumentar a porcentagem e uniformidade de germinação das sementes (Coneglian et al., 2000; Rossetto et al., 2000; Ferreira et al., 2001; Fogaça et al., 2001), como o de promover o crescimento de plântulas pé-franco ou porta-enxerto (Oliveira et al., 2005). Cabe salientar que P. alata é considerada resistente a fusariose (Menezes et al., 1994) e a morte prematura de plantas, sendo empregada como porta-enxerto em enxertia tradicional, hipocotiledonar (Ruggiero, 1998) e de mesa (Silva et al., 2005). ...
http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2008v21n3p45
Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos da mistura GA3 + AIB + cinetina no desenvolvimento de plântulas de Passifl ora alata Curtis empregando-se análise de crescimento. O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação, em blocos casualizados, com seis tratamentos, cinco épocas de colheita e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram na aplicação foliar de giberelina (GA3), auxina (AIB) e citocinina (cinetina) nas concentrações de 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125mL.L-1, realizadas aos 48, 55, 62, 69 e 76 dias após a emergência das plântulas. A primeira avaliação foi realizada aos 55 dias após a emergência e as demais a intervalos de sete dias. Foram determinadas: área foliar e massa da matéria seca de lâminas foliares e total das plântulas para realização da análise de crescimento, a partir da qual, calculou-se: razão de área foliar (RAF), área foliar específica (AFE), taxa assimilatória líquida (TAL) e taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR). Com o uso do programa ANACRES para avaliar a análise de crescimento foi possível verifi car que o produto influenciou na produtividade vegetal.
... (Bertalot e Nakagawa, 1998), Bauhinia monandra e B. ungulata (Alves et al., 2000) e Passiflora alata Dryand. (Rossetto et al., 2000), onde houve aumento expressivo na germinação das sementes escarificadas. ...
RESUMO – As sementes de mamona têm germinação lenta e irregular, resultando, muitas vezes, em estande desuniforme no campo, o que pode ser atribuído à provável dificuldade de absorção de água pelas sementes. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de tratamentos pré-germinativos no desempenho de sementes de mamona. Foram utilizados cinco lotes de sementes de mamona, cultivar AL-Guarany, que foram submetidos aos seguintes tratamentos: testemunha (sementes intactas), escarificação com lixa, remoção da carúncula, remoção do tegumento, imersão em água por 12 e 24 horas, remoção da carúncula + imersão em água por 12 e 24 horas, escarificação com lixa + imersão em água por 12 e 24 horas, germinação a 10ºC/7 dias e a 25ºC/5 dias, germinação a 10ºC/7 dias e a 30ºC/5 dias e envelhecimento acelerado a 41ºC/48h e 100% UR. Após cada tratamento, com exceção dos tratamentos de germinação a 10ºC, as sementes foram submetidas ao teste de germinação, a 25ºC, avaliando-se a porcentagem de plântulas normais aos sete e 14 dias após a semeadura. Em geral, todos os tratamentos pré-germinativos contribuíram para aumentar a porcentagem de germinação das sementes de mamona em relação à testemunha. Os tratamentos mais eficientes para acelerar a germinação das sementes foram a escarificação com lixa e a remoção da carúncula ou de todo o tegumento. No entanto, considerando a praticidade de aplicação, a escarificação com lixa pode ser recomendada para acelerar e aumentar a germinação das sementes de mamona.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of bioregulators on the germination and emergence of jiló seedlings. Two independent experiments were carried out, being the first experiment in chamber type BOD, evaluating the germination and seed vigor as a function of different concentrations of plant regulators applied via seed, being: 0; 100; 200 and 300 mg.L-1 GA3; 0; 50; 100 and 150 mg.L-1 of the mixture of GA4+7 + benzyladenine and 0; 0.001; 0.05 and 0.1 ppm brassinolide. The second experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, and the treatments were the same as those used in the first experiment, determining the emergence of jiló seeds. The experimental design used in the two experiments was completely randomized, with 4 replicates of 40 seeds. The application via seeds with a concentration of approximately 300 mg.L-1 of GA3 and 150 mg.L-1 of GA4+7 + benzyladenine, increased the percentage of germination and the rate of germination speed in jiló. Brassinolide concentrations did not influence seed germination. The use of bioregulators did not contribute to the emergence characteristics of greenhouse seedlings.
p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-germination treatments (magneto-priming and immersion of seeds in gibberellic acid solution) on variables associated with germination, emergence and vigor of Passiflora edulis seeds ‘BRS Gigante Amarelo’ cultivar. Seeds were extracted from fruits, washed, immersed for 6 hours in solutions with different GA3 concentrations and later arranged in a circular form in Petri dishes at temperature of 25°C, with and without exposure to magnetic field. Subsequently, analyses associated with the germination and emergency test were carried out. The experimental design was completely randomized design, with 3x2 factorial, three GA3 concentrations (0, 50 and 100 mg L-1) and presence/absence of magnetic field (MF), with four replicates of 20 seeds each. Variables germination percentage, germination speed index, mean germination time, percentage of emerged seedlings, emergence speed index, shoot length and root length and seedling dry weight were evaluated. Results indicate that the exposure of passion fruit seeds to MF in an isolated way stimulates seed germination, emergence and vigor, being an alternative to conventional treatments based on chemical substances.</p
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-germination treatments (magneto-priming and immersion of seeds in gibberellic acid solution) on variables associated with germination, emergence and vigor of Passiflora edulis seeds 'BRS Gigante Amarelo' cultivar. Seeds were extracted from fruits, washed, immersed for 6 hours in solutions with different GA 3 concentrations and later arranged in a circular form in Petri dishes at temperature of 25°C, with and without exposure to magnetic field. Subsequently, analyses associated with the germination and emergency test were carried out. The experimental design was completely randomized design, with 3x2 factorial, three GA 3 concentrations (0, 50 and 100 mg L-1) and presence/absence of magnetic field (MF), with four replicates of 20 seeds each. Variables germination percentage, germination speed index, mean germination time, percentage of emerged seedlings, emergence speed index, shoot length and root length and seedling dry weight were evaluated. Results indicate that the exposure of passion fruit seeds to MF in an isolated way stimulates seed germination, emergence and vigor, being an alternative to conventional treatments based on chemical substances. CAMPO MAGNÉTICO E ÁCIDO GIBERÉLICO COMO MÉTODOS PRÉ-GERMINATIVOS DE SEMENTES DE MARACUJAZEIRO RESUMO: Propôs-se, neste estudo, avaliar o efeito dos tratamentos pré-germinativos (magneto-priming e ácido giberélico) sobre variáveis associadas à germinação, emergência e vigor de sementes de Passiflora edulis cv. 'BRS Gigante Amarelo'. As sementes foram extraídas dos frutos, lavadas, imersas durante 6 horas, em soluções de GA 3 e, posteriormente, foram dispostas de forma circular em placas de petri, sob temperatura de 25°C, com e sem exposição a campo magnético. Após realizou-se análises associadas ao teste de germinação e de emergência. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3x2, três concentrações de GA 3 (0; 50 e 100 mg L-1) e presença/ausência de campo magnético (CM), com quatro repetições de 20 sementes cada. Foram avaliadas as variáveis porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, tempo médio de germinação, porcentagem de plântulas emergidas, índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimento da parte aérea e raiz e massa seca de plântulas. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a exposição das sementes de maracujazeiro ao CM, de forma isolada, estimula a germinação, emergência e vigor das sementes, além de representar uma alternativa aos tratamentos convencionais baseados em substâncias químicas.
Colombia is the country with the highest number of species of Passifl ora in the world and most species have edible fruits and are cultivated. Th is investigation aims to better understand the range of seed dormancy exhibited in the fl eshy fruits of Passifl oraceae species, and to determine how to break this dormancy effi ciently and reliably. Th us, in this investigation seed germination of Passifl ora edulis and P. maliformis were studied. Seeds were extracted, conditioned, dried and scarifi ed. Several chemical pre-treatments were applied (e.g. GA3 500, 1000, 2000 ppm, KNO3 1%, KNO31.5% - KH2PO4 1.5%). Illuminated germinators were used with constant temperature (i.e. 25, 30°C) and alternate temperature (i.e. 15/25, 15/30, 19/33, 20/30, 20/35°C). Germination was recorded as radicle protrusion. Removing the seed aril with water allowed a clean germination test in both species. For P. edulis the greatest germination was obtained at 20/30°C, while the poorest germination was found at constant temperature. Manuallyscarifi ed seeds provided the most rapid germination in all temperatures. For P. maliformis the highest germination was obtained for non-manually scarifi ed seeds treated with boiling water and tested at 20/35°C. Pre-treatment with GA3 or KNO3 did not promote germination in both species. It is concluded that seeds of P. edulis and P. maliformis have physical dormancy. Scarifying seeds of Passifl ora spp. enabled the water potential of the embryo to increase and for seeds to germinate. Meanwhile, the chemical pre-treatmeant of seeds showed no additional benefi t. Th us, physiological dormancy does not occur, and physical barriers are the only factor preventing germination of viable seeds of the two Passifl ora species studied.
Passiflora mollissima (banana passion fruit) and P. liguralis (sweet granadilla) are two Passifloraceae species exploited in the tropics due to their high quality fruits, medicinal and ornamental properties. These species are propagated by seeds but the seeds exhibit low and erratic germination due to a combination of physical and physiological dormancy. Fruit ripening and provenance highly affect seed germination yet little is known about their effects in Passiflora species. We evaluated the effect of provenance and fruit maturity stage on the germination of P mollissima and P. liguralis by germinating seeds extracted from fruits differing in maturity stage and from different provenances. Fruit maturity stage, provenance and their interaction affected seed germination but the magnitude of the effects differed between species. In P. mollissima, fruit maturity affected seed germination to a larger extent than provenance while the contrary occurred in P. ligularis. Seeds from low maturity stage-fruits had lower germination values across provenances than seeds from high maturity stage-fruits. This study shows that fruit ripening and increase in germination capacity occur simultaneously in P. mollissima and P. ligularis and thus seeds from fruits at high maturity stages from specific cultivars are desirable to obtain high germination rates.
Fresh seeds of cocoa ( Theobroma cacao L.) are covered by a large amount of mucilage, which plays important ecological roles. However, for stored seeds, mucilage can adversely affect germination. This study investigated the effect of mucilage removal (demucilaging) and seed storage of freshly extracted cocoa seeds on seedling emergence and growth. The study showed that demucilaging cocoa seeds confers several advantages over mucilage intact seeds provided the seeds have been stored for at least three days before sowing. Demucilaging increased germination rate (T 50 ) and percentage germination and presence of mucilage increased days to seedling emergence and cessation of germination when seeds were stored for over two days. For up to 21 days of seed storage, there was generally no difference in many traits for demucilaged seeds. Demucilaged seeds had 80–100% germination after 21 days of storage, and rate of germination increased with increasing duration of seed storage. Intact mucilage seeds maintained 80–100% germination for only 2 days after seed extraction and rate of germination decreased with increasing seed storage duration. We conclude that (i) if seeds are sown on the day of extraction demucilaging before sowing would be superfluous and (ii) demucilaging and storage can provide advantages to smallholder farmers when environmental or socioeconomic conditions preclude immediate sowing.
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a germinacao das sementes submetidas a imersao em agua por diferentes periodos e o crescimento inicial de plântulas de abobora moranga ‘Exposicao’. O estudo foi realizado em casa de vegetacao, nas dependencias do IFCE, Campus de Sobral. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos inteiramente casualizados, com quatro repeticoes de 16 sementes cada. As sementes de abobora moranga ‘Exposicao’ passaram por tratamento de embebicao na pre-semeadura por quatro periodos (0, 24, 48, 72 horas). As variaveis analisadas foram: primeira contagem; indice de velocidade de germinacao; porcentagem de germinacao; tempo medio de germinacao; altura da planta; diâmetro do caule; numero de folhas; area foliar; peso seco aereo e peso seco radicular. Foi observado diferencas significativas apenas para as variaveis primeira contagem, area foliar e numero de folhas. A porcentagem de germinacao das sementes no tratamento de controle foi 11% maior em comparacao a germinacao das sementes do tratamento de 48 horas de embebicao. Recomenda-se a nao embebicao das sementes ou que sejam imersas por 24 horas, pois nestes dois tratamentos se obteve resultados mais expressivos.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of plant biostimulant Stimulate® on early growth and flowering of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse and in the laboratory of the Center for Environmental and Biological Agricultural Sciences (CCAAB), Federal University of Bahia State Recôncavo. It was used sunflower seeds, cultivar Catissol 01 and biostimulant plant Stimulate® (0,009 % kinetin, 0,005 % butyric acid and 0,005 % gibberellic acid ). The treatments were: T1 = control (plants originated from seeds without any treatment - CT), T2 = plants originated from seeds pre-soaked in water (EA), T3 = plants originated from seeds pre-soaked in solution Stimulate® (ES), T4 = plants originated from seeds pre-soaked in water and sprayed with water (E+P/A), T5 = plants sprayed with water (PA), T6 = plants originated from seeds pre-soaked in solution Stimulate® (4 mL L-1) and then sprayed with solution Stimulate® (E+P/S), T7 = plants treated with Stimulate® solution (PS). The sowing was carried out in polyethylene bags (capacity 2 kg) containing commercial substrate. At 9, 13 and 16 days after sowing (DAS) foliar sprays were performed. At 32 DAS it was evaluated: the total length of plant and total dry mass, and at 30 and 32 DAS compared the phenological stages of plants. The design was completely randomized design with seven treatments and eight repetitions. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and treatment means, Tukey's test at 5 % probability error. The combination of pre-soaking seeds, plus the subsequent foliar spraying with Stimulate® (E+P/S) was more efficient on growth and promoted earlier flowering sunflower.
The species Passiflora alata Curtis is native from Brazil and provides good growth by finding suitable ecological conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the emergence of seeds and growth of seedlings of sweet passion in soils fertilized with sewage sludge under different luminous intensity. The experiment was conducted in Laboratório de Análise de Sementes in a greenhouse at the Center for Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CCA-UFES), Alegre- ES. The treatments were arranged in a factorial design (6x4) consisting of two soil types (Typic and Oxisol) + sewage sludge: without sludge, with sludge and sludge-amended with limestone under the four luminous intensity [full sun (0,85 μmol m-2 s-1), cover with a black mesh (0,74 μmol m-2 s-1); cover with two black screen (0,70 μmol m-2 s-1) and cover with three black screen (0,40 μmol m-2 s-1). The cultivation of sweet passion fruit in soils treated with sewage sludge, the plants have increased growth. The use of two or three black screens (0.70 and 0.40 μmol m-2 s-1), respectively, provided greater vegetative growth of seedlings of sweet passion fruit.
Germination and vigor of lettuce seeds treated with ascorbic acid
The lettuce is grown in different climatic conditions and the most critical period
of the crop is the germination and seedling emergence , and rapid and uniform
establishment in the field is critical to achieving good plant stand . Seed treatments with
growth regulators can enhance the development of seedlings and treatment with
ascorbic acid has shown significant role in seed germination . Thus , the aim of this
work was to evaluate the effect of treatment of lettuce seeds with different dosages and
different methodologies exogenous application of ascorbic acid in laboratory conditions
on seed germination and vigor . Seeds were subjected to two times of exogenous
application : one minute ( without soaking ) and 24 hours ( soaking ), and seven doses
of ascorbic acid ( C6H8O6 ) : T1 - control , T2 - 0.005 g , T3 - 0.010 g ; T4 - 0.015 g ;
T5 - 0.020 g T6 - 0,025 g, and T7 - 0.030g , these doses diluted in 100 mL of water. The
experimental design was completely randomized in a 2x7 factorial design, with four
replicates for each exposure time , each repetition a hundred lettuce seeds . The
experiment was conducted in gerboxes with germitest paper. The parameters evaluated
were : first germination , germination percentage , weight of fresh and dry weight . It
appears that there is a need to further enhance the knowledge to understand the
relationships between seed treatment with ascorbic acid, because the results do not
indicate that ascorbic acid participates in the germination process, but it can help in the
improvement of seedling vigor due to the increase of fresh and dry matter. The
derivation of the equation found without immersion in fresh variable indicates that the
best dose in this study would be 0,015 g of ascorbic acid.
Keywords: Lactuca sativa L., exogenous application, growth regulator
Forest species with hard seeds often pose considerable problems to nursery managers because their hard and impermeable seed coats hinder and delay germination. Therefore, this work aimed to determine the most efficient, practical and low cost methodology to overcome dormancy in Sesbania virgata (Cav.) Pers. Seed, a specie with potential for recovery of degraded areas. The seeds were submitted to chemical scarification by immersion in sulphuric acid during a period of 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes, mechanical scarification and heat treatment. After the scarification the seeds were submitted to germ test in germination chambers at 25 ºC and photoperiod of 14 h. Treatment with mechanical scarification showed the highest germination percentage (98%), followed by chemical scarification for 30 minutes (57%). The heat treatment in spite of obtaining a higher germination percentage than the controls had abnormal development of seedlings and is not therefore recommended for seeds of S. virgata. From the parameters utilized in this study, we recommend the use of the mechanical scarification to overcome dormancy of S. virgata seeds.
The aim of this work was the study of the effects of bio stimulants in the emergence and development of Passiflora edulis Sims.f. flavicarpa Deg. plantlet. The experiment was performed under shelter with controlled temperature (25ºC), at the Dep. of Botanic, Bioscience's Institute, UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The seeds were treated with different concentrations: 0 (check), 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 ml of bio stimulant/kg of seeds and were sowed on polystyrene trays containing commercial substratum. The employed bio stimulant is comprised of 0.005% of indolylbutyric (auxin), 0.009% of kinetin (cytokine), and 0.005% of gibberellic acid. It was used the completely randomized blocks delineation with six treatment and five replications of 24 seeds. The estimation of the emergence percentage of plantlets were performed weekly and the stem and root lengths, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area and root, stem and leaf dry matter were performed 35 days after sowing. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and polynomial regression at 5% of probability. The concentrations of 12 and 16 ml of bio stimulant/kg of seed applied to the seeds have promoted the highest percentage of emergence and development of the plantlets.
The plant growth regulators use in seed germination improve the seedling field performance and accelerate the emergence speed and enhance seed potential in various species, even under stressing conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of gibberellic acid on stored sweet corn seed vigor and amylolitic activity. The experiment was carried out at the Seed Analysis Laboratory of the Plant Production Department and at the Plant Biochemistry Laboratory of the Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, at the Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP/Botucatu), from July to September/2001, when evaluations of seed physiological quality were obtained by germination, vigor and biochemical tests. Super sweet corn seeds cultivar DO-04 were placed in paper bags and stored for eight months in a dry chamber (40% RU). After that, the seed were germinated on paper towels imbibed in zero; 50; 100; 150 e 200mg.L-1GA3 solutions. The seed germination, vigor and amylolitic activity were evaluated. Seeds pre-imbibed in GA3 50mg.L-1 solutions showed improved germination and vigor, as well as lower protein content and higher amylase activity.
O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar os efeitos de bioestimulante na emergência e no desenvolvimento de plântulas de Passiflora edulis Sims.f. flavicarpa Deg. O experimento foi conduzido sob cultivo protegido, com temperatura controlada (25ºC), no Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Câmpus de Botucatu-SP. As sementes receberam os tratamentos com as concentrações 0 (testemunha); 4; 8; 12; 16 e 20 ml de bioestimulante/kg de semente e foram semeadas em bandejas de isopor contendo substrato comercial. O bioestimulante empregado é constituído por 0,005% de ácido índolbutírico (auxina), 0,009% de cinetina (citocinina) e 0,005% de ácido giberélico (giberelina). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e cinco repetições de 24 sementes. As avaliações de porcentagem de emergência de plântulas foram realizadas semanalmente, bem como o comprimento de caule e raiz, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, área foliar e massa seca de raiz, caule e folha, aos 35 dias após a semeadura. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e regressão polinomial, ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. As concentrações de 12 e 16 ml de bioestimulante/kg de semente aplicado às sementes promoveram as maiores porcentagens de emergência e desenvolvimento de plântulas.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2008v21n3p65
Objetivou-se caracterizar as fases da germinação e avaliar o efeito de GA3 e GA4+7 associados à fenilmetil-aminopurina na germinação de sementes de Passiflora alata, realizando-se dois experimentos. No primeiro, foram realizados dois tratamentos: sementes submersas em água destilada em béquer e sementes acondicionadas em caixas tipo ‘gerbox’ entre papel de filtro embebido em água destilada e cinco repetições de 25 sementes. Foram avaliados: grau de umidade e porcentagem de germinação. No segundo, foram realizados seis tratamentos e cinco repetições de 25 sementes para cada regulador. As sementes foram embebidas por 11h em soluções a 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 e 250 mg L-1 de GA3 e GA4+7 associados à fenilmetil-aminopurina, semeadas em caixas tipo ‘gerbox’ preto, sobre papel e levadas à câmara de germinação. Diariamente foram realizadas contagens donúmero de sementes germinadas e dormentes. Foram calculadas: porcentagem de germinação, porcentagem de sementes dormentes e tempo médio de germinação. Verificou-se que o método de embebição não afetou o padrão de germinação e que ocorreu incremento na porcentagem de germinação e redução do tempo médio de germinação com uso dos reguladores, cujos maiores valores foram obtidos com 250 mg L-1 de GA4+7 associado à fenilmetil-aminopurina.
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a influência dos diferentes tipos de embalagens e ambientes e do tempo dearmazenamento de sementes de carqueja sobre a qualidade fisiológica das sementes. O trabalho foi conduzido no Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal do UNICENP, utilizando-se sementes coletadas em Palmeira, São José dos Pinhais e Fazenda Rio Grande no Estado do Paraná. As sementes foram acondicionadas em embalagens de papel, plástico e vidro, mantidas no ambiente e na geladeira (4 a 7º C). Avaliou-se a qualidade fisiológica das sementes pelo teste de germinação, com as seguintes variáveis: percentual de sementes germinadas, percentual de sementes contaminadas e índice de velocidade de germinação. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de parcela sub-subdividida no tempo, sendo a parcela principal as condições de armazenamento (ambiente e geladeira) e, a sub-parcela, as embalagens (papel, plástico e vidro). Os tempos de avaliações foram 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e 7 meses após a instalação do experimento. Os locais de coleta representaram as três repetições. Os resultados permitiram constatar que as sementes podem serarmazenadas em diferentes embalagens, em temperatura de 4 a 7º C, onde o seu potencial e a velocidade de germinação são maiores em relação às que ficam armazenadas no ambiente. O fator tempo causa malefícios quanto à germinação e contaminação.
Poor germination in Carica papaya L. was partly due to the absence of embryos in about 20% of the seeds. Final germination and the rate of seedling emergence were improved by seed separation with 1.097 g·em ⁻³ sucrose solution and soaking with 1.0 M potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ) or 600 ppm gibberellic acid (GA 3 ). Final germination was 87.8% for the KNO 3 treatment and 80.5% for GA 3 . Seedlings from KNO 3 treatments were normal, whereas GA 3 caused excessive elongation of stems.
Papaya (Carica papaya L.) seeds germinated poorly at 25C in the presence of gibberellin (GA 4+7) or following matriconditioning at 25C for 4 days. However, a combined treatment of matriconditioning and GA 4+7 for 4 days synergistically promoted germina-tion and seedling emergence. Drying the seeds after conditioning reduced the percentage of seedling emergence in the combined treatment involving 400 µM GA 4+7 only. Combining matriconditioning with 100 or 200 µM GA 4+7 could effectively reduce germination time and improve seedling emergence and is recommended as a standard procedure for testing papaya seed germination. Papaya is cultivated in many tropical and subtropical regions. Papaya is propagated com-mercially by seed. The seed is enclosed in a gelatinous sarcotesta (aril or outer seedcoat), which is formed from the outer integument. Papaya seed germination frequently is slow, erratic, and incomplete (Chacko and Singh, 1966; Lange, 1961; Ramirez, 1961; Yahiro, 1979). While the sarcotesta can delay germi-nation, dormancy also is observed in seeds from which the aril has been removed (Lange, 1961; Yahiro, 1979; Yahiro and Oryoji, 1980). Several attempts have been made to over-come dormancy and improve papaya seed germination. Treatments such as removing sarcotesta, presoaking in water, or water leach-ing promote Carica spp.
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