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International Academic Research Journal of Social Science 1(2) 2015 Page 224-231
Entrepreneurial University: A Case of Universiti Teknologi MARA
Hardy Loh Rahim* Razmi Chik, Mohd Ali Bahari Abdul Kadir, Zarina Salleh and Adlan Ahmad
Bakri
Malaysian Academy of SME & Entrepreneurship Development (MASMED),
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
Corresponding email: hardy@salam.uitm.edu.my
Article Information
Abstract
Keywords
Entrepreneurship, University,
Entrepreneurial University,
Universiti Teknologi MARA,
Malaysia.
Entrepreneurship is an important field in practical and education sector.
Realizing the importance of entrepreneurship, Malaysia has taken numerous
efforts in promoting entrepreneurship and there has been urges by the
policymakers for the universities to contribute to the nation towards
achieving the goal of becoming and entrepreneurial nation. Therefore this
paper aims to discuss the efforts taken by Universiti Teknologi MARA,
winner of Entrepreneurial University of the Year by Ministry of Higher
Education for three consecutive times in 2012, 2013 and 2015, on the efforts
taken in creating an entrepreneurial culture in the university. The paper will
discuss the efforts of the university in creating entrepreneurial environment,
entrepreneurial staffs as well as entrepreneurial teaching and learning.
INTRODUCTION
Considerable agreement exists concerning the importance of promoting entrepreneurship to stimulate economic
development, create wealth and employment generation in Malaysia and other developing economies (Ahmad
and Xavier, 2012;Johansen, 2007). To keep pace with an increasingly competitive globalised economy,
Malaysia has made concerted efforts to move away from a production-based economy to a knowledge-based
economy. Realising the importance of entrepreneurs in the development of the knowledge-based economy in
Malaysia, efforts have been taken to nurture entrepreneurship at all levels. The Malaysian government has
encouraged entrepreneurship development in Malaysia in order to be more successful and viable in the field
(Bank Negara Malaysia, 2014). In fact, entrepreneurship is one of the main focus during the presentation of
2014 budget (Bank Negara Malaysia, 2014) and the Prime Minister, Dato Seri Najib wished to turn Malaysia
into an entrepreneurial nation (Malay Mail, 2013). One of the most important sector identified to achieve the
goal is higher education institution. The Prime Minister has urge the universities to work closely together
(Bernama, 2007) in terms of inculcating the entrepreneurial mindset in line with the goal of becoming Malaysia
as an entrepreneurial nation (Rahim & Chik, 2014). Therefore this paper aims to discuss the efforts taken by
Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), winner of Entrepreneurial University of the Year by Ministry of Higher
Education for three consecutive times in 2012, 2013 and 2015 (UiTM News, 2014; MOHE, 2015) on promoting
entrepreneurship in the university.
UNIVERSITY PROFILE
Universiti Teknologi MARA is a public university located in Shah Alam, Selangor. It has 12 branch campuses,
six satellite campuses in Shah Alam, eleven state satellite campuses and 21 affiliated colleges. Rated as the
International Academic Research Journal of Social Science 1(2) 2015, Page 224-231
225
largest university in Malaysia, UiTM comprises of vast workforce of 18,000 staffs and 180,000 students that are
mostly bumiputeras (indigenous people) and offering more than 581 academic programmes. English is being
used as the medium of teaching. (UiTM Profile, 2013). The vision of the university is to be a premier university
of outstanding scholarship and academic excellence capable of providing leadership to Bumiputeras’s dynamic
involvement in all professional fields of world-class standards in order to produce globally competitive
graduates of sound ethical standing. (UiTM Vison, 2013).
UiTM has a huge list of academic partners from local and international universities as well as professional
bodies. Initially UiTM started its collaboration with professional bodies such as, the Australian Chartered
Secretaryship, the London Chamber of Commerce, the British Institute of Management, the Australian Society
of Accountants and later college and universities such as Ealing Technical College (now University of West
London) Ohio University. Other collaborators came on board such as the Association of Chartered Certified
Accountants (ACCA), the University of London International Programmes the Institute of Chartered Secretaries
and Administrators (ICSA), the Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers(IEEE), the Chartered Institute of
Transport (CIT), the Institute of Electrical Engineers (IEE), London College of Printing, the Chartered Institute
of Building (CIOB),and Institute and Faculty of Actuaries of United Kingdom. (UiTM Partners, 2013).
Currently, UiTM has expanded its academic collaboration with many universities and professional bodies
around the world. (UiTM Partners, 2013).
UiTM is also doing numerous Corporate Social Responsibility projects. One of the most outreaching project is
the MDAB (Mengubah Destini Anak Bangsa) which provides 5000 higher learning opportunities for the
underpriviledge or orphans.
STUDY METHOD
Data collection was done by using the secondary data gained from the reports sent by all of the faculties in
UiTM and Malaysian Academy of SME and Entrepreneurship Development’s (MASMED) coordinators
nationwide.
ENTREPRENEURIAL EFFORTS
Inspired by the success of winning the prestigious MEA Award for three consecutive years UiTM continues in
its commitment to becoming an Entrepreneurial University by the year 2018 and a top-notch university by the
year 2020. This enterprise requires an entrepreneurial approach from the top-down management leading to the
creation holistic entrepreneurship framework, which aim to sustain an entrepreneurial institution. UiTM has
taken numerous efforts to achieve the goals.
Entrepreneurial Environment
One of the key components in developing an entrepreneurial culture is by having a comprehensive
entrepreneurial environment within the university. This is shown by the entrepreneurial awards that have been
awarded to the university and the vision and mission to be the Entrepreneurial University. The entrepreneurship
activities in UiTM is spearheaded by MASMED and Research was carried out by MASMED and Pusat
Perancangan Strategik, to determine entrepreneurial activities that were organized by campuses and faculties.
The outcome of the study has been converted to the structure and strategy of entrepreneurship role that is
highlighted in the UiTM Framework. The university has introduced a new Transformational Plan that
emphasises the entrepreneurial role in nurturing entrepreneurial culture. Being an Entrepreneurial University has
transformed UiTM from the conventional to the entrepreneurial approach which constantly seeks opportunities
for revenue generation. An electronic system called University Electronic Project Management Office (UePMO)
was created in coordinating and integrating entrepreneurial activities at all level across branch campuses to
ensure better coordination and more comprehensive entrepreneurship activities being carried out across the
campuses. Another effort that was introduced was UiTM Entrepreneurial Award. It was organized to select the
best entrepreneurial campus, faculty, project, student graduate enterprise and mentor, with the goal of
inculcating entrepreneurship culture within the university. UiTM introduced various policies on encouraging
staff and students to actively commercialize the IP and be involved in publishing, consultancy, research and
innovation projects associated to these frameworks. UiTM has taken the initiative to create and manage the
entrepreneurial programmes with the main aim of creating entrepreneurial students as well as graduate
entrepreneur. The ‘Pengurusan Ruang Niaga’ guideline, gives the opportunity and priority to UiTM students and
alumni to establish businesses within the campus, and MASMED was appointed as one of the committee
member. UiTM has nurtured a culture that rewards and recognizes staff and students for their commitment to
International Academic Research Journal of Social Science 1(2) 2015, Page 224-231
226
entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship education is progressively integrated into the curricula and the use of
blended learning in entrepreneurial pedagogies is advocated across faculties. All of the efforts were summarized
in Table 1.
Table 1: Entrepreneurial Environment Initiatives
No
Elements
Descriptions
1.
MOHE Entrepreneurial Award
(MEA)
UiTM has been awarded the prestigious MOHE Entrepreneurial
Award (MEA) for three consecutive times as an Entrepreneurial
University of the Year for 2012, 2013 and 2015.
2.
UiTM’s Vision and Mission
The MEA Award, acknowledges institutions that deliver significant
entrepreneurial impact which cultivate enterprising thinking
through embedded entrepreneurial activity into the structure of the
institution. Therefore UiTM is committed in being the
Entrepreneurial University and the top university by the year 2020.
3.
Entrepreneurial Approach within
the University
Research was carried out by MASMED and Pusat Perancangan
Strategik, to determine entrepreneurial activities that were
organized by campuses and faculties. The outcome of the study has
been converted to the structure and strategy of entrepreneurship role
that is highlighted in the UiTM Framework of UiTM RMK-11.
4.
The Transformational Plan
The Transformational Plan in UiTM is based on the visionary
leadership and high performing staff in order to create effective
teaching and learning, academic visibility, knowledge driven
individual, dynamic students, income generated university and
finally to out-reach Alumni, business support and organisations to
consolidate and realign activities and programmes in UiTM to adapt
to entrepreneurial culture.
5.
Entrepreneurial University
Landscape
In order to create a conducive environment for entrepreneurship,
various strategies have been outline such as UiTM
Entrepreneurship Framework Project, Entrepreneurial Hub and
UmyCEO.
6.
University Electronic Project
Management Office system
(UePMO)
UePMO system was seen as critical system that supports the
strategy to leapfrog in order to remain being an Entrepreneurial
University in coordinating and integrating entrepreneurial activities
at all level across branch campuses.
7.
UiTM Entrepreneurial Award
(UiEA)
UiTM Entrepreneurial Award was organized to select the best
entrepreneurial campus, faculty, project, student graduate
enterprise and mentor.
8.
Commercializing IP, Publishing,
Consultancy, Research and
Innovation Project
UiTM has a clear policy and transparent foundation that has been
outlined in commercializing IP, publishing, consultancy, research
and innovation project.
9.
Pengurusan Ruang Niaga
Pengurusan Ruang Niaga is responsible in allocating the spot and
location for business activities within the campus.
10.
Promotion for Academic Staff
According to the promotion guideline, in order to be promoted, it is
essential for academic staff to get involve with entrepreneurial
activities.
Entrepreneurial Staffs
Staff are consistently involved in various initiatives that are not only closely linked to the development of their
careers, but also activities that are innovative and entrepreneurial in nature. The university put its trust and
confidence in the ability of staff to add value to their knowledge application and enhancement to improve their
competencies via innovative and entrepreneurial initiatives which in turn help them to succeed in their career.
Research and consultancy initiatives across disciplines, faculties and campuses spearheaded by the Research
Management Institute and seven research Centres of Excellence (CoE) have secured from research grants from
various agencies. The commercialization of research and consultancies facilitated by the Research Innovation
and Business Unit (RIBU) has been very encouraging and it is reflected on the increasing number of innovative
competition, number of academic excellence awards and innovative problem solving activities participated by
both academics and administrative staff of UiTM.
International Academic Research Journal of Social Science 1(2) 2015, Page 224-231
227
UiTM have been emphasizing on entrepreneurial experience and competencies as important elements in
cultivating entrepreneurial spirit. Staff who are highly interested to operate their own enterprise are given the
opportunity to directly involve in business with the provision of obtaining official consent from the management
of the university. In addition, the academics are continuously encouraged to acquire hands-on entrepreneurial
experience via industrial attachment program as well as increase entrepreneurial and innovative competencies
by completing the postgraduate diploma and training at the world’s prestigious universities.
Academics entrepreneurial knowledge and experience were also acquired through various trainings,
attachments, certified partners accreditation and dedicated innovation program. In addition to conventional
knowledge dissemination in the classrooms, our faculty member has the ability to be the entrepreneurship
trainers, advisors and counsellors not only to student entrepreneurs but also to entrepreneurs across the nation.
The knowledge, skills and experience of our academics are consistently enhanced and upgraded through
academic-industry affiliations with locally and internationally prominent external professional bodies. All of the
efforts in creating entrepreneurial staffs were summarized in Table 2.
Table 2: Entrepreneurial Staffs Initiatives
No
Elements
Descriptions
1.
Research and Consultancies
Collaboration Across Disciplines
and Faculties
Research initiatives across disciplines spearheaded by Research
Management Institute, UiTM had flourished positively.
2.
Innovation Competition
Innovative competition is one of the platforms where staff can
portray their creative and innovative ideas. Initially competition
related to invention and innovation is organized by Research
Innovation Business Unit (RIBU) UiTM. Now innovative
competition is also organized by various campuses and faculties in
UiTM. The initiatives in organizing various innovative
competitions by many departments in UiTM had widen the
platform for staff to demonstrate their creative and innovative effort
and hence flourishing the entrepreneurial culture.
3.
Academic Excellence Award
To acknowledge the achievement of academics in various fields,
UiTM established the Academic Excellence Award. These awards
are given to creative and innovative staff. This includes Innovation
and Commercialization Award, Art and Creative Award (Visual
Art), Art and Creative and Award (Performing Art). In 2015, 18
recipients from various faculties received the award at the UiTM
Academic Conference 2015.
4.
Innovative Problem Solving
Initiative
Innovative and Creative Circle (ICC) is an initiative to inculcate
creative problem solving skills among staff. Its main objective is to
solve problems or find opportunities for improvements to existing
processes and / or products or services by adding new value to the
department's service delivery systems. There were 46 teams
involved in ICC competition from 2013 to 2014 involving 63
projects and more than 300 participants.
5.
Staff Direct Involvement In
Business
The university encourages its staff to involve in business as the
real-life entrepreneurial experience is beneficial to the students in
the classroom. In 2014, 40 staff had officially registered their
involvement in business with the UiTM’s Integrity Unit. In
addition, academics are advising students’ cooperative (KOSISWA)
so as to elevate the cooperative to the next level.
6.
Academics Industrial
Attachments
All academics are encouraged to be on industrial attachment to gain
insights and develop themselves as enterprising academics. From
2014 to 2015, a total of 70 lecturers have been involved in various
industrial attachments including sabbatical, professional training,
medical sub-expertise was selected to participate in the MaGIC-
Stanford Faculty Program 2015 organized by MaGIC in
collaboration with Stanford Technology Ventures Program (STVP)
to help the university develop initiatives that aim to encourage
entrepreneurial thinking. Three faculty members selected were
International Academic Research Journal of Social Science 1(2) 2015, Page 224-231
228
exposed to Stanford entrepreneurship curriculum, pedagogy,
teaching methods and student engagement practices as well as the
Silicon Valley ecosystem.
7.
Postgraduate Training
In an effort to deepen academics knowledge of teaching
entrepreneurship, nurtures creativity and innovative thinking and
commercializing, UiTM have been collaborating with world
renowned university to place its lecturers in postgraduate program.
Three faculty members were selected to attend the Postgraduate
Diploma in Entrepreneurship at Cambridge Judge Business School,
University of Cambridge, session 2013/2014, and another six
lecturers were chosen to enrol in the Postgraduate Training in
Innovation and Entrepreneurship at Trinity College Dublin 2014.
These lecturers have been responsible for the setting up of a new
innovation academy, Akademi Inovasi UiTM (AIU), to nurture
creativity and innovative thinking among UiTM postgraduate
students.
8.
Akademi Inovasi UiTM (AIU)
AIU is formed to encourage academic staff and post graduate
students from UiTM to involve in innovation and entrepreneurship
exploration initiatives. Nine lecturers from UiTM and other
universities were appointed to lead the programme which has been
approved by the Senate UiTM.
9.
Trainer/ Advisor/ Business
Counsellor
1.Tunas Mekar Business Counsellor
Tunas Mekar Business Counsellors are responsible to coach
graduates entrepreneurs who attached with SMEs throughout the
country. In year 2014-2015, over 200 academics from all campuses
involved as Tunas Mekar Business Counsellors.
2. Certified SME Business Counsellor
The Business Counsellor Programme was adapted from Japan.
From 2014 to 2015, there were 46 academics from various
campuses and faculties certified as business counsellor.
10.
Affiliation With External
Professional Bodies
Most of the faculties in UiTM established affiliation with various
professional bodies and agencies for example collaboration between
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and CISCO offering various
courses for networking and ICT online business training. Another
collaboration is between Faculty of Architecture, Planning and
Surveying with Malaysian Institute of Planners, Institute of
Landscape Architects Malaysia, Malaysian Association of
Professional Property Managers, and others.
Entrepreneurial Teaching and Learning
At UiTM, entrepreneurship has been embedded accross curriculum and faculties whereby entrepreneurship
programmes and courses are offered at all level of studies. UiTM has been offering BBA (Hons) in
Entrepreneurship (with 47 credit hours of entrepreneurship courses), MBA with electives courses in
Entrepreneurship (9 credits hours) and DBA with concentration in Entrepreneurship (12 credit hours) UiTM is
also offering a new Master of Applied Entrepreneurship since 2014 with 48 credits hours of entrepreneurship
courses. At the pre-diploma level, all students are required to take Basic Entrepreneurship whereas at diploma
level, they are required to take Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship. They also have the opportunity to choose a
credited two-semester co-curriculum activity in entrepreneurship (Kembara Usahawan). At the degree level, all
students from science and technology cluster are required to take a compulsory Technopreneurship course
whereas students from business and management cluster have to take Principles of Entrepreneurship.
UiTM believes that entrepreneurship education is not only about knowledge acquisition. It is about developing
the entrepreneurial midset of the lecturers and students so that they are able to act in an entrepreneurial manner,
attitude and behaviours. Entrepreneurial competencies are not only embeded through traditional lectures; other
approaches have also been used in order to achieve the desired learning outcome particularly through proper
pedagogical practices which could enhance employability of its graduates. The following innovative learning
and teaching initiatives have been introduced and practiced in order to enhance entrepreneurial competencies
among its lecturers and students:
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229
In line with UiTM’s strategic effort to meet Ministry of Education’s requirement for all academic programmes,
a total of 604 courses (18%) have been selected to instill “managerial and entrepreneurial skill” as one of their
learning outcomes (LO8). UiTM has also identified various teaching techniques and strategies that could help
lecturers develop students’ entrepreneurial mindset, emotions, personal values and entrepreneurial
competencies. A training module has been developed and nine more series of training of trainers (TOTs) for
lecturers have been conducted between July 2013 and June 2015 involving 221 lecturers.
Students taking entrepreneurship courses are encouraged to learn through delivery of contents and instruction
via online media besides attending the normal classroom sessions. In 2014, UiTM has developed and offered
entrepreneurship module using Massive Open Onine Course (MOOC). Besides MOOC, Entrepreneurship
students (ENT300 and ENT600) can get access to the complete online learning materials developed by i-Learn
Centre at i-Learn Portal. Another initiative taken by UiTM is to encourage students taking technopreneurship
course to enroll in Technopreneurs Series Program (Be Your Own Boss) provided by Cisco Networking
Academy. UiTM also emphasises undergraduate teaching excellence and immersive, real-world learning
opportunities in the areas of startup. Students that take part in these initiatives are able to learn first-hand what it
takes to embark on a business. Programs offered are Graduate Entrepreneurship Development Programme
GEDeP)5.15, Student Start-up Accelerator Programme (SAP), and Product Innovation & Pre-Commercilization
Litercy Lab (PreCom-LAB), Business Plan Competition and Booth Competition. All of the efforts in
entrepreneurial teaching and learning were summarized in Table 3.
Table 3: Entrepreneurial Teaching and Learning Initiatives
No
Elements
Descriptions
1.
Enabling Students To Be More
Enterprising
Entrepreneurship Programmes -
1.BBA (Hons) in Entrepreneurship.
BBA (Hons) in Entrepreneurship offers 13 Entrepreneurship
Courses with a total of 47 credit hours
2.Master of Business Administration (Electives: Entrepreneurship)
MBA offers 3 Entrepreneurship Courses as electives with a total of
9 credit hours:
3. Master of Applied Entrepreneurship
Master of Applied Entrepreneurship offers 10 Entrepreneurship
Courses with a total of 48 credit hours
4.Doctor of Business Administration (Concentration:
Entrepreneurship)
DBA offers 4 Entrepreneurship Courses with a total of 12 credit
hours
5.Entrepreneurship Course at pre-diploma level – Basic
Entrepreneurship
The following entrepreneurship course was first introduced in 2013
at pre-diploma level (3 credits). The course exposes students with
the basic concept of entrepreneurship knowledge focusing on small
business planning and strategies
2.
Embedding Enterprise And
Entrepreneurship Into Teaching
And Learning
1. Entrepreneurship Course for all diploma programmes –
Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship
Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship (3 credits). This course provides
an overview of the requirements for launching and entrepreneurial
career and starting up an entrepreneurial venture after an
appreciation of the concept of entrepreneurship, students will be
exposed to the critical role of opportunity recognition and
evaluation. The course also shed light on the entrepreneur as the
main success factor in the new venture formation and development.
The central focus of the course is to prepare the students with the
essence of essence of entrepreneurship and business planning skills
that is essential for the success of new ventures.
International Academic Research Journal of Social Science 1(2) 2015, Page 224-231
230
2. Entrepreneurship Co-curriculum for all Diploma Programmes –
Kembara Usahawan I & Kembara Usahawan II (1 credit each).
The purpose of these co-curricular programmes is to instill
entrepreneurial traits in students. Students are required to conduct
interview with successful entrepreneurs in order to identify some
entrepreneurial characteristics of the entrepreneurs. The programme
discusses the significance of entrepreneurship as a career option,
forms of business entities, and procedures in identifying, evaluating
and selecting business opportunities. Students are also required to
conduct entrepreneurial activities in groups within UiTM campus
throughout the duration of the programme.
3. Entrepreneurship Course at degree level (for
Science & Technology Cluster) –Technopreneurship (3 credits).
The course is designed to inculcate the entrepreneurial skills to the
students and promote the development of technology-based
entrepreneurship knowledge.
4. Embedding Managerial and Entrepreneurial Skills in Curriculum
(Ministry’s Learning Objective –LO8)
More than 600 courses from all programmes of studies across 19
faculties have been selected to inculcate entrepreneurial skills
among the students.
3.
Encouraging And Enhancing
Innovative Approaches To
Teaching And Learning
1. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)
MOOC was launched on 18 September 2014 by the Ministry of
Education to be used by all Institution of Higher Learning (IHL) in
Malaysia. By introducing this programme, students will follow 30%
of their study online.
2. i-Learn Portal
i-Learn was established on the 1st of December 2005 to handle the
adaptation of i-learning in UiTM. Entrepreneurship students can
access the complete online learning materials through these portal.
3. CISCO
CISCO Networking Academy, a Cisco Corporate Social
Responsibility programme, is an IT Skills and career building
programme available to learning institutions and individual
worldwide. Students taking technopreneurship course are
encouraged to enroll in Technopreneurs Series Program (Be Your
Own Boss) provided by Cisco Networking Academy.
4. GEDEP
Graduate Entrepreneurship Development Programme (GEDeP)
targeted for the graduating students, conducted full time,
incorporating interactive learning, technical training, consulting and
business coaching.
5. Pre-ComLAB
Product Innovation and Pre-commercialization Literary Lab
Programme (Pre-ComLab) is a joint programme between UiTM
and Ministry of Education which assist students towards
commercializing their creative and innovative ideas.
6. Business Plan Competition
Business Plan Competition was conducted to give opportunities for
the students to present their final business plan projects in-front of
invited outside panels.
7. Entrepreneurial Booth Competition
The purpose of this competiton is to encourage students to be
involved in the real world entrepreneurial leaning opportunities.
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231
CONCLUSION
Numerous and comprehensive measures has been carried out holistically by Universiti Teknologi MARA in
effort to create an entrepreneurial culture within the university. The efforts starts by having a steady and
supportive entrepreneurial environment that was being laid out as a strong foundation for further entrepeneurial
activities to be carried out. One of the most important aspect taken by UiTM is to ensure the eduators are well
trained with entrepreneurial knowledge. This is essential for quality education as it was found that some of the
educators in higher learning institutions (HLI) have no qualifications to conduct entrepreneurship programs due
to irrelevant education background and experience (Yusoff et al., 2014). Furthermore Hamidon (2015) reported
that only 20% of lecturers have attended entrepreneurship training programmes and less than 20% of lecturers
have attended entrepreneurial mind-set pedagogy training. Therefore, to ensure entrepreneurship education can
be provided at its best, UiTM has taken tremendous effort in equipping its educators with relevant
entrepreneurship knowledge. Lastly is the entrepreneurial teaching and learning. UiTM provides complete
entrepreneurship modules from fundamentals to advance learning of entrepreneurship subjects, ranging from
subjects that are taken in class to hands-on subjects. Subjects are also being taught by conventional face to face
and blended learning in which students will study online. With all these, UiTM has done its part in answering
the urges by the policymaker in playing a role in helping the nation in achieving its goal of becoming an
entrepreneurial nation.
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