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Evaluation of Different Concentrations And Frequency of Foliar Application of Moringa Extract on Growth & Yield of Onion, Allium cepa Lam
Abstract
Field trials were conducted between 2010/11 and 2011/12 at the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN) of Federal College of Forestry Mechanization Afaka, Kaduna experimental site, 10o 031N, 07o 211 E and 644m above sea level in the Northern guinea savanna agro-ecological zone during 2011 to 2012 dry season. The objective was to evaluate the effect of different concentration and frequency of foliar application of Moringa extract on growth and yield of Onion (Allium cepa Lam). Fresh Moringa oleifera shoots were obtained from experimental site of the College when it was 35 days old, air dried for some days and crushed with water (10kg of dry material in water) in a household blender for 10 minute. The solution was filtered through a filter paper (Whattman No 42) and the liquid extracts obtained were diluted with water to produce the treatments. The treatments consisted of four concentration 2% (1 litre of extract/50 litre of water), 4% (1 litre of extract/25 litre of water), 3.2% (litre of extract/31 litre of water), 3.7% (1 litre of extract/27 litre of water) and a control (no extract) and two frequency of foliar application once (3weeks) and twice 3 and 6 weeks after transplanting. The trial was laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design(RCBD) and replicated three times. Data were collected on number of leaves/plant, plant height and crop vigour score at 5, 7 and 9 WAT. The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance. Result obtained showed a significant (P = 0.05) effect of the treatments on the characters measured with moringa extract concentration ratio of 1:2 (50%) and frequency periods of foliar application at 3, and 6 weeks after transplanting manifesting the highest effect. Based on the result, application of Moringa extract concentration ratio of 1:2(50%) and frequency period of foliar application at 3, and 6 weeks after transplanting of onion should be adopted for use in Northern guinea savannah ecological zone on the variety of onion tested, since it is easier to get Moringa all year round and in large quantities for large hectare of farm land.
... Abou El Noor and Nabila's 2017 study on pepper plants found that using Moringa extract at different concentrations (2, 4, 6%) and foliar spraying during the nursery stage or after planting in the field, at a concentration of 4, significantly improved plant height, fresh and dry weight, leaf number, leaf area, and yield. Mohammed et al., (2013) [16] noted in their study on the onion plant Allium cepa.L (to evaluate different concentrations of Moringa extract on the growth and productivity of the plant, where the plant was treated with four concentrations (2, 3.2, 3.7, 4) % once in 3 weeks. The first and twice after 3 and 6 weeks of planting, and the results showed a significant increase in the number of leaves, plant height, and yield, especially for the concentration (2%) and the treatment period from 3 to 6 weeks, confirmed by Emongor, (2015) [8] in a study conducted on the green bean plant (phaseolus vulgaris) to demonstrate the effect of treatment with the extract. ...
... Abou El Noor and Nabila's 2017 study on pepper plants found that using Moringa extract at different concentrations (2, 4, 6%) and foliar spraying during the nursery stage or after planting in the field, at a concentration of 4, significantly improved plant height, fresh and dry weight, leaf number, leaf area, and yield. Mohammed et al., (2013) [16] noted in their study on the onion plant Allium cepa.L (to evaluate different concentrations of Moringa extract on the growth and productivity of the plant, where the plant was treated with four concentrations (2, 3.2, 3.7, 4) % once in 3 weeks. The first and twice after 3 and 6 weeks of planting, and the results showed a significant increase in the number of leaves, plant height, and yield, especially for the concentration (2%) and the treatment period from 3 to 6 weeks, confirmed by Emongor, (2015) [8] in a study conducted on the green bean plant (phaseolus vulgaris) to demonstrate the effect of treatment with the extract. ...
... Abou El Noor and Nabila's 2017 study on pepper plants found that using Moringa extract at different concentrations (2, 4, 6%) and foliar spraying during the nursery stage or after planting in the field, at a concentration of 4, significantly improved plant height, fresh and dry weight, leaf number, leaf area, and yield. Mohammed et al., (2013) [16] noted in their study on the onion plant Allium cepa.L (to evaluate different concentrations of Moringa extract on the growth and productivity of the plant, where the plant was treated with four concentrations (2, 3.2, 3.7, 4) % once in 3 weeks. The first and twice after 3 and 6 weeks of planting, and the results showed a significant increase in the number of leaves, plant height, and yield, especially for the concentration (2%) and the treatment period from 3 to 6 weeks, confirmed by Emongor, (2015) [8] in a study conducted on the green bean plant (phaseolus vulgaris) to demonstrate the effect of treatment with the extract. ...
... Abou El Noor and Nabila's 2017 study on pepper plants found that using Moringa extract at different concentrations (2, 4, 6%) and foliar spraying during the nursery stage or after planting in the field, at a concentration of 4, significantly improved plant height, fresh and dry weight, leaf number, leaf area, and yield. Mohammed et al., (2013) [16] noted in their study on the onion plant Allium cepa.L (to evaluate different concentrations of Moringa extract on the growth and productivity of the plant, where the plant was treated with four concentrations (2, 3.2, 3.7, 4) % once in 3 weeks. The first and twice after 3 and 6 weeks of planting, and the results showed a significant increase in the number of leaves, plant height, and yield, especially for the concentration (2%) and the treatment period from 3 to 6 weeks, confirmed by Emongor, (2015) [8] in a study conducted on the green bean plant (phaseolus vulgaris) to demonstrate the effect of treatment with the extract. ...
... Moringa leaf extract is an excellent source of natural stimulants such as a natural cytokinin zeatin, along with amino acids, proteins, phenolics, ascorbates, vitamin E, etc.; their presence makes Moringa leaf extract a potent natural growth inducer (Howladar, 2014;. Moringa leaf extract foliar application has been known to improve membrane stability, antioxidant content, biochemical and photosynthetic traits, plant growth, height, biomass, yield, leaf area and number, fruit quantity and quality, plant immunity, cytokinin synthesis, nutrition deficiencies and delays senescence (Yasmeen et al., 2012;ur Rehman et al., 2014;Culver et al., 2012; Mohammed et al., 2013;Dunsin and Odeghe, 2015;Mona, 2013;Hala et al., 2017;Zulfiqar et al., 2020). The present study shows the biostimulant potential of M. oleifera leaf decoction on rice yield. ...
... Foliar application of Moringa leaf extract on other crops such as pepper, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), onion (Allium cepa Lam), cherry tomatoes, wheat (Triticum aestivum), maize (Zea mays), mandarin (Citrus reticulata), plum (Prunus), eggplant (Solanium melongena) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) improved either their growth, developmental, metabolic, nutritional and/or yield attributes (Matthew, 2016;Culver et al., 2012;Mohammed et al., 2013;Basra and Lovatt, 2016;Yasmeen et al., 2012;Basra et al., 2011;Nasir et al., 2016;ShM et al., 2017;Ozobia, 2014;Bashir et al., 2014;Zaki and Rady, 2015). A similar observation was made in our study, where the foliar application of rice plants with MWE (100 g/L) produced a rice yield of 6.5 tons/ha. ...
The present study screened different concentrations of Moringa oleifera ( M. oleifera ) leaf decoction ( M. oleifera hot water extract-MWE) (100, 10, 1, and 0.1 g/L) to investigate their potential in increasing the yield of BPT 5204 rice variety. We aimed to analyze the effect of MWE on rice yield with different modes of treatment such as seed soaking, root treatment, and foliar spray. Rice seeds were soaked at different concentrations of MWE for 24 h before seeding. Plants grown from rice seeds soaked in 100 g/L MWE produced 6.6 tons/ha yield, whereas, roots of rice seedlings soaked for 4 h in varied MWE concentrations before transplantation and plants treated with 100 g/L MWE produced an yield of 6 tons/ha. In the last group, 45 day old rice plants were subjected to foliar spray with varying concentrations of MWE, where the foliar spray of rice plants with 100 g/L MWE showed a 6.5 tons/ha yield. As plants grown from rice seeds soaked in 100 g/L MWE produced a high yield, the leaves from these plants were analyzed to study the effect of MWE treatment on phenylalanine lyase and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and nitric oxide levels and genes involved in rice yield. The leaves of plants grown from rice seeds soaked in 100 g/L MWE showed increased H 2 O 2 and SAM2 gene levels compared to control plants. This study reports the potential role of MWE as an environmentally safe, cost-effective and easy-to-use biostimulant for enhancing yield of rice.
... Results showed clearly that foliar spray of 50% (v/v) MLE raised the leaflet number of a plant at 8 and 10 weeks after planting. The findings are in concurrence with Mohammed et al. (2013) stated that MLE treatment with 50% onion plants produced more leaves and a number of bulbs. Figure 1 shows the effect of Moringa leaf extract application on flower numbers of T1, T5 and T6 at weekly intervals. ...
This study was done at the home garden in the Eastern province of Sri Lanka to determine the efficiency of Moringa leaf extract (MLE) on the yield of Vigna unguiculata cv. waruni. This experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design and it is comprised of six treatments including T1 (distilled water as a control), T2 (10% MLE), T3 (20% MLE), T4 (30% MLE), T5 (40% MLE) and T6 (50% MLE). The 80 g of powdered Moringa leaves were ground with 300 ml water to prepare 100% MLE. Once in two weeks, MLE was applied and it was practiced from two weeks after planting. The findings indicated that the MLE application exhibited remarkable (P<0.05) yield performances compared to the control. MLE with 50% foliar application at two weeks intervals enhanced plant height, leaf stalk and leaflet numbers, dry weights of crop residues, single pod weight, seed number in pod, 100 seed weight, seed weight per pod, harvested pod number, pod weight and seed weight for a plant as well as seed yield. The 50% Moringa leaf extract significantly increased the seed yield (428.89 g/m 2) of cowpea than the control treatment (193.56 g/m 2). Furthermore, no significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in seed yield between T5 (340.89 g/m 2) and T6 (428.89 g/m 2). Hence, it could be concluded that 40%-50% Moringa leaf extract application with compost increases the yield of cowpea as it is one of the eco-friendly ways to increase the cowpea yield.
... Tallest plants were noticed with leaf extract of Moringa in tomato crop (Culver et al., 2012). Similar statements has been published by (Bashir et al., 2014;Oluwagbenga and Odeghe, 2015;Muhammed et al., 2013;Abdelnaser et al., 2017;Rehman et al., 2017) in tomato, bell pepper, onion, snap bean and wheat crop. ...
... However, their absence may result in a variety of physiological issues or diseases in plants, which may subsequently result in a decrease in both the number and quality of vegetable crops (Sharma and Kumar, 2016). Moringa leaf extract is also seen to be a viable option and may potentially be used in addition to inorganic fertilizers growth hormones and enough micronutrients are present in moringa leaf extract, which helps a range of crops develop and produce more of their various yield-related components (Muhammed et al., 2013). More research have revealed that moringa leaf extract is regarded as a natural biostimulant that has a significant role in enhancing plant drought resistance (Abd El-Mageed et al., 2017). ...
... However, their absence may result in a variety of physiological issues or diseases in plants, which may subsequently result in a decrease in both the number and quality of vegetable crops (Sharma and Kumar, 2016). Moringa leaf extract is also seen to be a viable option and may potentially be used in addition to inorganic fertilizers growth hormones and enough micronutrients are present in moringa leaf extract, which helps a range of crops develop and produce more of their various yield-related components (Muhammed et al., 2013). More research have revealed that moringa leaf extract is regarded as a natural biostimulant that has a significant role in enhancing plant drought resistance (Abd El-Mageed et al., 2017). ...
... Por conseguinte, a escolha da espécie de cebola utilizada emerge como uma variável que pode ser manipulada, influenciando nos resultados obtidos (Messias et al., 2021). Além disso, não devemos negligenciar o impacto da variação na concentração da substância, uma vez que essa também se configura como uma variável suscetível de interferir nos desfechos experimentais como é possível identificarnos estudos de (Mohammed et al., 2013;Hidangmayum;Sharma, 2017;Santos et al., 2018). ...
O Allium cepa L. é um bioindicador amplamente empregado em estudos biológicos devido à sua sensibilidade a agentes tóxicos. A confiabilidade desses ensaios é crucial e exige a validação por meio de controles positivos. Este estudo constitui-se em uma revisão integrativa da literatura, cuja busca foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO, BVS e LILACS e objetivou identificar as substâncias mais comumente utilizadas como controles positivos em pesquisas que empregam o teste Allium cepa L. Foram incluídos artigos que respondessem à questão norteadora: "Quais são as principais substâncias utilizadas como controles positivos nos ensaios de toxicidade com Allium cepa L.?". Dez estudos foram incluídos, destacando substâncias como Metanossulfonato de metila, Azida Sódica, Colchicina e outras. Os resultados revelaram variados danos celulares induzidos por diferentes substâncias. A interpretação precisa desses ensaios deve considerar nuances, incluindo a variedade específica de cebola e as concentrações das substâncias. Este estudo enfatiza a importância dessas informações para que pesquisas adicionais e a aplicação mais precisar do teste Allium cepa L. na avaliação da toxicidade.
... Biostimulants, especially moringa leaf extract from the moringa tree (Moringa oleifera Lam.), are among the suggestions that have been practiced not only to reduce the amount of fertilizer used but also to improve the quality of many vegetables [11], such as lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) [12][13][14], tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) [15], peppers (Capsicum annuum) [16], cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) [17], onions (Allium cepa L.) [18,19], and squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) [20]. ...
Moringa leaves contain a proper amount of antioxidants, amino acids, vitamins, hormones, macronutrients, and micronutrients. Therefore, it is applied as a natural, inexpensive, and simple-to-make biostimulant to boost nutritional value and growth parameters in a variety of plants. The main purpose of this study is to determine the optimal concentration of Moringa oleifera L. leaf extract (MLE) as an effective biostimulant to improve nutritional and physical quality in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). To do this, three concentrations of MLE (6, 8, and 10%) were foliar sprayed to the plant leaves at a rate of 25 mL plant⁻¹ for every two weeks from transplantation till harvest, while control plants (Ø) were sprayed with distilled water only. Our results show that MLE greatly increased cabbage growth, nutrient content, pigment content, and nutrient absorption, while a high concentration of 10% MLE could also significantly reduce nitrate content in cabbage leaves. In comparison to the control plants, sprays of 6%, 8%, and 10% MLE reduced nitrate content by 23%, 14%, and 12%, respectively. However, the lowest nitrate content was found for the plants sprayed with 6% MLE. Except for the dry matter, all the growth parameters, mineral content, and pigment content were significantly higher after spraying with 10% MLE, while better vitamin C and lower nitrate were found in the plants treated with 6% MLE. A Pearson correlation reveals that head weight has a positive correlation with head diameter, head height, chlorophyll a, and carotenoids at p levels of 0.01 and a positive correlation with chlorophyll b and vitamin C at p levels of 0.05. Vitamin C and dry matter, on the other hand, had a negative connection with nitrate content.
... The optimal nutrient of Singgalang cabagge was observed in 3% Moringa extract application (Figure 1 and Figure 2). According to Mohammed et al. 19 Moringa leaf extract could increase the mineral and carbohydrate content of shallot bulbs compared to untreated (control) plants. Hala, Abou and Nabila 20 reported that pepper plants treated with 4% Moringa extract had higher vitamin C, carbohydrates, K and Ca content than other treatment. ...
Cytokinins are hormones involved in all aspects of plant growth and development. Zeatin is one form of the most common forms of naturally occurring cytokinin in plants. Fresh Moringa oleifera leaves have been shown to have high zeatin content and also macro and micro element. Trials were carried out to evaluate the effect of different concentration of Moringa oleifera leaf extract as biostimulant on growth of Singgalang cabbage. Singgalang cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) is a local cabbage cultivated by farmers on the slopes of Mount Singgalang, Agam, West Sumatera. In the greenhouse, four treatments were used: A (control), B (M. oleifera extract 1.5%), C (M. oleifera extract 3%) and D (M. oleifera extract 6%). The result showed that Moringa oleifera leaf extract (3%) increasing growth parameters including height, number of leaves, leaf area, wet weight and dry weight of Singgalang cabbage. 3% concentration of Moringa oleifera leaf extract significantly improves all parameters of vegetative growth of Singgalang cabbage.
... Foliar application of MLE on pepper-induced plant growth, developmental, metabolic, and yield attributes (Matthew 2016). MLE application is highly potent in facilitating plants' growth and developmental responses, inducing height, biomass, and yield processes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) like fruit quality, quantity, and weight (Culver et al. 2012;Mohammed et al. 2013). It also has an efficient role in increasing growth, leaf number, fruit quantity and quality, and dry fruit matter (Azooz et al. 2004;Dunsin and Odeghe 2015). ...
Moringa, belonging to Moringaceae, is known as the “Miracle Tree” that has versatile uses in both animals and plants. The extract from Moringa oliefera serves as a cheap, eco-friendly, novel biostimulator, and bioenhancer that increases sustainable agriculture practices and crop production. Moringa contains several essential components like mineral nutrients, phytohormones (e.g., auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins), vitamins, flavonols, phenols, sterols, and tannins, as well as several phytochemicals that make it highly beneficial for plants. It induces seed germination, plant growth, photosynthesis, and yields traits at a low cost. It also increases flowering, improves floral traits, fruiting, post-harvesting, and product quality of the fruit, and decreases senescence. Abiotic stresses have a detrimental effect on plant growth and development. The application of Moringa extracts on plants mitigates abiotic stress like salinity, drought, heavy metal, and heat by promoting the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increasing the content of phenols, flavonols, sugars, and osmolyte, which reduces the level of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and electrolyte leakage. In particular, Moringa accelerates plant growth, relative water content, water use efficiency, mineral content, gas exchange traits, and yield attributes under stressful environmental conditions. Moringa serves as an essential biopesticide against plant pathogens, and is used in disease management and plant sustenance.
... Researchers have reported the role of Moringa leaves extract of foliar application in enhancing yield of different crop. Some authors found significant enhancement in growth of plants on foliar application of Moringa leaves extract in rocket pea and onion (Abdalla, 2013;Mishra et al., 2013;Mohammed et al., 2013), respectively. Moringa leaf extract is considered one of the most important plant bio-stimulants which can be used as a natural and alternative source of mineral nutrition (Phiri and Mbewe, 2010). ...
Enhancing growth and productivity of medicinal and aromatic plants using natural plant growth promoters such as moringa (Moringa oleifera, Lam.) has recently gained wide attention. However, there are no elaborate reports on the impact of Moringa Leaf Extract (MLE) as growth promoter in mint crop. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Moringa Leaf Extract (MLE) on growth, herb yield and essential oil content in Mentha arvensis L. var. Kosi. Foliar application with MLE at 1%, 2% and 3% concentration on plants were compared with the control (water spray). Results revealed that all the crop-growth parameters were significantly improved as compared to the control. Interestingly, not only essential oil content but also the marker compounds especially menthol and isomenthone, were also increased. Among applied treatments, foliar application of 2% MLE was the most effective in improving the crop performance. This treatment enhanced the menthol content in the oil up to 6.3% in comparison to control. Conclusively, the current study suggests that MLE may be used as a promising natural growth enhancer to improve productivity of Mentha arvensis.
... showed that the presence of cytokinin in MLE results in larger and a greater number of fruits [15]. Many research on different crops showed the same results; on tomato [16], kidney beans, and onion. ...
... The overall effects of all the growth enhancing components in moringa leaf extract (MLE) have made it a novel and marvelous natural bio-stimulant. Interestingly, many recent scientific reports have highlighted that MLE application to plant can provide beneficial nutrient elements, improve antioxidant defense system and enhance vegetative as well as reproductive growth resulting in higher yield and economic benefits under stressed and non-stressed situations (Abohassan and Abusuwar, 2018;Prabhu et al., 2010;Aluko et al., 2017;Hala et al., 2017;Merwad, 2017;Matthew, 2016;Emongor, 2015;Rady and Mohamed, 2015;Ozobia, 2014;Mohammed et al., 2013;Abdalla, 2013;Mvumi et al., 2012Mvumi et al., , 2013. Vegetables are enriched with different vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals. ...
Moringa is a valuable plant whose leaves are enriched with antioxidants, amino acids, vitamins and mineral nutrients and can be used as a bio-stimulant. A field work was conducted at the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, during rabi season from November 2017 to February 2018 in order to investigate the effect of moringa leaf extract (MLE) on growth, yield and nutrient status of cabbage. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four treatments and three replications. The treatments were T1 (control), T2 (MLE) sprayed at 2 weeks after transplanting only], T3 (MLE sprayed at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after transplanting), T4(MLE sprayed at 2 weeks after transplanting and after every two weeks thereafter). The rate of MLE application was 25 mL plant-1. All the treatments received recommended dose of N, P, K, S, Zn and B fertilizers. The application of MLE significantly improved the growth parameters, yield and yield contributing characters as well as nutrient content and uptake of cabbage. Among the parameters plant height (33.40 cm), leaf number (19.33 cm), length of the largest leaf (29.00 cm), head thickness (9.67 cm), head diameter (20.33 cm), gross yield (72.83 t ha-1) and marketable yield (48.87 t ha-1), were maximum in T4 where MLE was sprayed at 2 weeks after transplanting and after every two weeks thereafter. The lowest values of all these parameters were found in T1 where no MLE was sprayed. Foliar application of MLE also improved the concentration and uptake of macronutrients (N, P, K and S) in head of cabbage. Thus, application of MLE as a bio-stimulant has the potentiality to enhance growth, yield and nutritional quality of cabbage. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 196-203
... Due to the cumulative effects of hormones, proteins, minerals, vitamins, essential amino acids, glucosinolates, isothiocyanates and phenolics in Moringa leaf Extract (MLE), it has become a novel, natural bio-stimulant whose application to crop can enrich nutritional status, improve plant antioxidant system and boost the growth and yield of crop. Now-a-days, a number of research works have been conducted by many scientists to unravel the role of MLE on the growth and yield enhancement of vegetable and pulse crops under normal as well as stress situations [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. ...
Plant bio-stimulants play a significant role in triggering growth and boosting economic yield of crops. Even so, little information is found on the use of moringa leaf extract (MLE) as a natural bio-stimulant to improve growth and yield of vegetable crops in Bangladesh. Therefore, a field study was conducted at the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, during rabi season in order to investigate the effect of MLE on growth and yield of cauliflower. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four treatments and three replications. The treatments were T1 (control) and T2 (MLE sprayed at 2 weeks after transplanting only), T3 (MLE sprayed at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after transplanting), T4 (MLE sprayed at 2 weeks after transplanting and after every two weeks thereafter). The rate of MLE application was 25 mL plant 1. All the treatments received recommended dose of N, P, K, S, Zn and B fertilizers. Application of MLE significantly improved the growth and yield attributes as well as gross yield and marketable yield of cauliflower. Among the parameters plant height (34.10 cm), length of the largest leaf (29.50 cm in length), fresh weight of root (9.50 g), fresh weight of stem (19.13 g), curd thickness (5.37 cm), curd diameter (16.03 cm), curd weight (0.48 kg), total weight of plant (0.76 kg), gross yield (12.81 t ha-1) and marketable yield (5.52 t ha-1) were the highest in T4 where MLE was sprayed at 2 weeks after transplanting and after every two weeks thereafter. The lowest values of all these parameters were found in T1 where no MLE was sprayed. This study suggests that MLE should be applied in cauliflower crop as a foliar spray at growth stages for obtaining higher growth and yield.
... Effect of different plant extracts on plant growth regulation and stress tolerance has been already reported in literature (Farooq et al. 2017;Santaniello et al. 2017;Shukla et al. 2018). Positive effect of foliar application of Moringa oleifera extract on growth and yield of Allium cepa Lam was reported by Mohammed et al. (2013). Okunlola and Ofuya (2013) reported that the Azadirachta indica and Piper guineense extracts enhanced the growth and yield of jute (Corchorus olitorius L.). ...
Oxidative stress due to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in Vigna radiata seedlings, and stress amelioration with treatment of methanol extract of Rhododendron arboreum leaves was observed in the present study by analyzing growth parameters, stomatal morphology, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, histological analysis, pigment contents, Cr metal uptake, elemental analysis, and antioxidant analysis. Chromium treatment resulted in the decline of root length, shoot length, fresh weight, and dry weight. Scanning electron microscopic studies revealed that Cr treatment altered the stomatal structure. As compared to control plants, MDA content increased by 80.1% in Cr-treated plants. Histological analysis with confocal microscope confirmed the nuclear damage, membrane damage, enhanced H2O2 accumulation, and decline in pigment concentration. Atomic absorption spectrometry analysis revealed an accumulation of 43.3% Chromium in the plant tissues and decreased concentration of essential elements as consequences of Cr treatment. The methanol extract of R. arboreum leaves (MEL) alleviated Cr stress in Vigna radiata seedlings by restoring normal growth, stomatal structure, and pigment contents, as well as essential elements. Reduction in H2O2 accumulation, reduced MDA content by 29.2%, and decline in Cr accumulation to 32.8% was observed after MEL supplementation to Cr-stressed plants. Decreased nuclear and membrane damage along with increased lipid-soluble as well as water-soluble antioxidants after MEL application in Cr-stressed plants are further symptoms of stress amelioration properties of Rhododendron leaves.
... Due to the cumulative effects of hormones, proteins, minerals, vitamins, essential amino acids, glucosinolates, isothiocyanates and phenolics in Moringa leaf Extract (MLE), it has become a novel, natural bio-stimulant whose application to crop can enrich nutritional status, improve plant antioxidant system and boost the growth and yield of crop. Now-a-days, a number of research works have been conducted by many scientists to unravel the role of MLE on the growth and yield enhancement of vegetable and pulse crops under normal as well as stress situations [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. ...
Plant bio-stimulants play a significant role in triggering growth and boosting economic yield of crops. Even so, little information is found on the use of moringa leaf extract (MLE) as a natural bio-stimulant to improve growth and yield of vegetable crops in Bangladesh. Therefore, a field study was conducted at the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, during rabi season in order to investigate the effect of MLE on growth and yield of cauliflower. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four treatments and three replications. The treatments were T1 (control) and T2 (MLE sprayed at 2 weeks after transplanting only), T3 (MLE sprayed at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after transplanting), T4 (MLE sprayed at 2 weeks after transplanting and after every two weeks thereafter). The rate of MLE application was 25 mL plant 1. All the treatments received recommended dose of N, P, K, S, Zn and B fertilizers. Application of MLE significantly improved the growth and yield attributes as well as gross yield and marketable yield of cauliflower. Among the parameters plant height (34.10 cm), length of the largest leaf (29.50 cm in length), fresh weight of root (9.50 g), fresh weight of stem (19.13 g), curd thickness (5.37 cm), curd diameter (16.03 cm), curd weight (0.48 kg), total weight of plant (0.76 kg), gross yield (12.81 t ha-1) and marketable yield (5.52 t ha-1) were the highest in T4 where MLE was sprayed at 2 weeks after transplanting and after every two weeks thereafter. The lowest values of all these parameters were found in T1 where no MLE was sprayed. This study suggests that MLE should be applied in cauliflower crop as a foliar spray at growth stages for obtaining higher growth and yield.
... Moniruzzaman et al. (2007) also reported higher seed yield of okra at the narrowest spacing and this also corroborates the findings of Falodun and Ogedegbe (2016) who recorded higher pod yield of okra at narrower spacing compared to wider spacing. The significant increase in some vegetative characters and yield with the 15 t/ha application of swine manure is similar to the work of Curuk et al. (2004) who reported increases in fruit yield after high manure input compared to customary inorganic fertilization and this further supports the work of Mohammed et al. (2013) who observed an increase in growth and yield of onion applied with moringa extract. ...
Field and laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effect of plant spacing and rate of swine manure application on the growth, yield, nutrient concentration, uptake and proximate composition of muskmelon (Cucumis melo). The experiments were laid out as a 3×4 factorial fitted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The treatments consisted of four rates of swine manure (0 t ha-1, 5 t ha-1, 10 t ha-1 and 15 t ha-1) and three crop spacing (50 × 50 cm, 75 × 75 cm, 100 × 100 cm). The results showed that spacing had no significant effect on the number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter and number of branches, but substantially increased the vine length at 100 × 100 cm. Number of flowers and fruit weight per plant increased with raw spacing, while the number of fruits per plot and fruit yield (t ha-1) increased with a decrease in plant spacing, whereas the narrowest spacing of 50 × 50 cm produced the significantly highest fruit yield (25.47 t ha-1). The concentrations of P, Ca, Mg and Fe (4.28, 6.81, 4.55 and 0.80 mg kg-1) were the highest at 100 × 100 cm spacing compared to other treatments. However, N concentration (1.18) and uptake of N, P, Ca, Mg, Fe and Na was highest at spacing of 75 × 75 cm and at 10 t ha-1 swine manure rate. The effect of spacing on proximate composition of muskmelon did not follow a particular pattern; however, wider spacing of 75 × 75 cm and 100 × 100 cm at 10 t ha-1 favoured most of the proximate composition compared to the narrowest spacing of 50 × 50 cm and other manure rates. Although there was no significant difference in fruit yields of 10 and 15 t ha-1, application of 15 t ha-1, swine manure out-yielded 10 t ha-1, by 8.55%.
... Another unique property of M. oleifera is its plant growth promoting potential, as reported in cereals (Ali et al., 2011;Afzal et al., 2012;Yasmeen et al., 2012;Muhamman et al., 2014;Bakhtavar et al., 2015;Muhammad et al., 2016;Merwad and Abdel-Fattah, 2016;Waqas et al., 2017;Rehman et al., 2017), pulses (Iqbal et al., 2015;Rady and Mohamed, 2015;Abdel-Kader and El-Mougy, 2016), and vegetables (Culver et al., 2012;Mohammed et al., 2013;Iqbal, 2014;Yasmeen et al., 2014;Aslam et al., 2016;Ashraf et al., 2016;Basra and Lovatt, 2016;Soliman and Shanan, 2017). Currently, there is nonavailability of reports on the effect of M. oleifera leaf extracts on Stevia rebaudiana (source of zero calorie sweetner) which is considered as an important commercial plant. ...
The aqueous and ethanolic leaves and seeds extract of M. oleifera varieties, ‘Jaffna’ ‘PKM-1’ (Periyakulam-1), ‘PKM-2’ (Periyakulam-2), ‘ODC’ and ‘Conventional’ were analyzed for their free radical scavenging effect on DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) and ABTS (2, 2-azinobis,3-ethyl-benzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid). The DPPH and ABTS activity (based on IC50 values) trend with leaves extract was: Conventional > ODC > PKM-2 > PKM-1 > Jaffna and Conventional > ODC > PKM-2 > PKM-1 > Jaffna respectively. Similarly, the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of seeds extract was: Conventional > ODC > PKM-2 > PKM-1 > Jaffna and Conventional > ODC > PKM-2 > PKM-1 > Jaffna respectively. The trend observed with total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) values for both leaves and seeds extracts was: Jaffna > PKM-1 > PKM-2 > ODC > Conventional. The antibacterial activity (disc-diffusion method) of the aqueous and ethanolic leaves and seeds extracts of the five varieties on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus showed a similar trend: Jaffna > PKM-1 > PKM-2 > ODC > Conventional. A comparative assessment of the plant growth promoting potential of the leaves extracts on Stevia rebaudiana was also performed. The trend observed was: Jaffna > PKM-1 > PKM-2 > ODC > Conventional. Therefore, the comparative study reveals that ethanolic leaf and seed extracts of Jaffna variety possess strong antioxidant and antibacterial properties with a high TPC and TFC, as compared to the other varieties. It also exhibits a promising plant growth promoting activity. Thus, this variety can be explored further as a reliable source of natural bacteriostatic agent, antioxidants and plant growth enhancer.
... The cumulative effects of hormones, proteins, minerals, vitamins, essential amino acids, glucosinolates, isothiocyanates and phenolics in extract of Moringa oleifera leaves make it a novel, natural biostimulant which after application can enrich the crop with higher nutrient content, improve plant antioxi-dant system, boost the growth and improve the yield performance. Recently many scientists reported the growth and yield enhancement by applying moringa leaf extract (MLE) in various horticultural crops and some field crops under normal as well as stress conditions (Shehu and Okafor, 2017;Aluko et al., 2017;Matthew, 2016;Ahmad et al., 2016;Afzal et al., 2015;Emongor, 2015;Ozobia, 2014;Abbas et al., 2013;Mohammed et al., 2014;Abdalla, 2013;Mvumi et al., 2013;Yasmeen et al., 2012;Basra et al., 2011;Phiri, 2010;Nouman et al., 2012). ...
A field experiment was conducted at the Soil Science Field Laboratory of
Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, during rabi season
to evaluate the effect of foliar application of moringa leaf extract on productivity
and nutrient uptake efficiency of wheat plants. The experiment was
laid out in a randomized complete block design with six treatments and
three replications. The treatments were T1 (Control), T2 [moringa leaf extract
(MLE) sprayed only at tillering stage], T3 (MLE sprayed at tillering and
jointing stages), T4 (MLE sprayed at tillering, jointing and booting stages),
T5 (MLE sprayed at tillering, jointing, booting and heading stages) and T6
(MLE sprayed only at heading stage). The application of moringa leaf extract
significantly increased nutrient content as well as nutrient uptake by grain
and straw. The content of N, P, K and S in both grain and straw of wheat was
the highest in T4 treatment which produced the maximum biological yield
of 9.05 t ha1. Again, treatment T4 resulted in the highest total uptakes of
N, P, K and S in wheat, which were 131.91, 15.55, 122.27, and 24.16 kg ha1,
respectively. The results of this study indicate that foliar application of MLE
can potentially be a viable option to increase biological yield and nutrient
uptake efficiency of wheat plants, particularly N, P, K and S. In this study, the
foliar application of moringa leaf extract on tillering, jointing and booting
stages of the crop showed the best performance and therefore, it might be
used due to its eco-friendly nature for yield enhancement as well as nutrient
enrichment in wheat.
Various studies have focused on improving crop yield through methods like nursery management, transplanting, seed quality, weeding, and pest control. One promising approach involves using Moringa Leaf Extract (MLE), which contains compounds that may boost seed germination, plant growth, and overall crop productivity. MLE can be applied in different ways: soaking seeds (osmopriming), spraying on leaves (foliar spray), or simply using it to hydrate seeds (hydropriming). MLE has been shown to promote better seedling emergence and growth in maize and enhance the performance of tomato and sweet bell pepper plants. It helps plants grow vigorously, maintain proper water balance, improve cell membranes, and increase antioxidant levels, leading to higher yields and better quality produce.
Osmotic stress is a serious physiological disorder that affects water movement within the cell membranes. Osmotic stress adversely affects agricultural production and sustainability and is largely caused by soil salinity and water stress. An integrated nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) soil amendment and an exogenous foliar application of Aloe vera leaf extract (ALE), and moringa leaf extract (MLE) were evaluated on roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) growth, calyx yield, secondary metabolites, and tolerance to osmotic stress in salt-affected soil. The osmotic stress markedly decreased above- and below-ground development of the roselle plant, but integrated NFB soil amendment with ALE or MLE foliar application significantly alleviated its negative impacts. Broadly, an improvement was observed in chlorophyll, carbohydrates, and protein levels following NFB and extracts foliar application, as well as a significant enhancement in antioxidant production (total phenols, ascorbic acid, and FRAP), which decreased peroxide production and increased stress tolerance in plants. Under osmotic stress, the roselle calyx revealed the highest anthocyanin levels, which declined following NFB soil amendment and foliar extract application. Additionally, an enhancement in nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) contents and the K/Na ratio, along with a depression in sodium (Na) content, was noticed. The integrated application of Azospirillum lipoferum × ALE exhibited the best results in terms of enhancing above- and below-ground growth, calyx yield, secondary metabolites, and tolerance to osmotic stress of the roselle plants cultivated in the salt-affected soil.
Ostriches are frequently infected with viral, fungal, and bacterial diseases. This disease does not require airborne transmission and does not involve the respiratory system. Objective: To determine the antimicrobial activity of Moringa oleifera tea leaves and seed against bacteria in Ostrich feces. Methods: Fecal samples were collected from captive ostriches at the W.A Apparel factory. E. coli was isolated after the samples were inoculated on EMB. The antimicrobial activity of Moringa oleifera seeds and tea leaves was investigated. The antimicrobial activity of Ostrich feces was tested against E. coli. Results: The results showed that tea extract had no antimicrobial activity against E. coli. Moringa oleifera seeds extract prepared in ethanol on the other hand, were effective against E. coli. Conclusion: Moringa oleifera seeds (di ethanolic extract) have the potential to be effective against E. coli.
Moringa oleifera Lam., (family: Moringaceae) has begun to gain more popularity as a new ‘superfood’ due to its high nutritive value. It has been used for generations to treat and prevent the diseases such as diabetes, anemia, arthritis, and respiratory, skin, heart, liver and digestive disorders. Apart from these pharmacological activities, it is also a plant growth enhancer. The present work deals with a comparative assessment of the effect of foliar spray of Moringa leaf extracts (MLEs) of different varieties (PKM-1, PKM-2, Jaffna, ODC and Conventional) on the stevioside and mineral contents of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, a commercial natural sweetener plant. The decreasing order of stevioside and zeatin content in stevia plants after MLEs foliar spray, as determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was: Jaffna (7.73%; 0.0063%) > PKM-1 (6.93%; 0.0056%) > PKM-2 (6.45%; 0.0051%) > ODC (4.14%; 0.0048%) > Conventional (3.86%; 0.0042%) > Control (2.94%; 0.00088%) respectively. While, the decreasing order of mineral contents as determined by flame photometer was: Jaffna > PKM-1> PKM-2 > ODC > Conventional > Control. The comparative study revealed that among all the varieties, Jaffna significantly improved the growth and physiochemical parameters of stevia plants. Thus, this variety can be used as an eco-friendly and cost-effective plant growth enhancer in stevia farming and can be used for other commercially important crops.
A study was carried out in Bezawite tree nursery site, Bahir Dar, to evaluate the effect of Moringa stenopetala leaf juices on tree seedling growth and survival rates of Cordia africana at different doses in nursery and field condition. Seven treatments were tested, six treatments plus one control without any input, using a RCBD design with three replications were tested. 25ml and 50 ml of leaf juice were sub ministered at three different epochs, emergency, half nursery life span and 30 days before transplanting. Data on root collar diameter, height, and survival rate were collected every 6 months interval for two years in the field condition. Results showed that moringa extract increased growth and survival rate of Cordia africana in the field. Treatment of 50 ml MLJ at emergency shows good survival rate and growth parameters after two years in the field and there is significant difference among treatments in terms of height and root caller diameter as well as survival rate in the field (127.87 cm, 2.44 cm and 87.75%, respectively). Generally, applying moringa leaf juice on Cordia africana had a positive effect on growth parameters and more generally pronounced in the field condition.
A field experiment was carried out at the Crop farm of Eastern University, Sri Lanka during
the period June 2018 to September 2018 to study the effects of different concentrations and
frequencies of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) Leaf Extract (MLE) as a foliar application on
growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) plants. This experiment was laid out in a
Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates with the following
treatments; T0 – control (Distilled water), T1 – 10% MLE at once a week interval, T2 – 10%
MLE at once in two weeks interval, T3 – 20% MLE at once a week interval, T4 – 20% MLE at
once in two weeks interval, T5 – 30% MLE at once a week interval and T6 – 30% MLE at
once in two weeks interval. Foliar application of MLE was initiated at two weeks after
germination and each plant is sprayed with 25 ml of MLE and the growth performance was
recorded at 4, 6 and 7 WAP. The results showed that foliar application of MLE had a
significant (p < 0.05) effects on tested parameters of okra over the control at all growth
stages. MLE with 10% of the foliar application at once a week interval increased plant
height, number of branches/plant, number of leaves/plant, leaf area index, dry weight of
leaves, stems, roots, total biomass, number of pods/ha and dry weight of pods. The results
suggest that under the conditions in the experiment, yield could be increased by three-fold
using MLE at 10%. The use of Moringa leaf extract as a plant growth booster is inexpensive,
environmentally safe and low-cost technology to improve the yields by the small farmers.
ABSTRACT
Indiscriminate discharge of solid waste materials from anthropogenic activities has become a
major environmental problem in Nigeria. Leachate samples were collected from Amilegbe
dumpsite in Ilorin. The physico-chemical qualities of the leachate as well as heavy metals
content were analysed using standard methods. Different concentrations (3.625 %, 6.25 %,
12.5 %, 25.0 %, 50.0 % and 100.0 % (v/v leachate/distilled water)) of leachate samples were
prepared. The 96–h LC50 of leachate samples was determined for Clarias gariepinus
fingerlings using Probit method. Allium cepa bulbs were also exposed to the different
concentrations of the leachate and the root length inhibition and chromosomal aberration
were investigated. The results showed certain sample-constituents of the leachate (e.g. pH,
BOD, COD, heavy metals) to be at concentrations beyond the maximum permissible limits set
by National Environmental Standards and Regulatory Enforcement Agency NESREA. The
96–h LC50 of leachate to Clarias gariepinus fingerlings was 20.26%. Prior to the mortalities at
various concentrations, symptoms of toxicity such as rapid and erratic swimming,
uncoordinated movement and prolonged gaping of jaws were observed. These observations
as well as mortality records were concentration–dependent. The root lengths’ mean of A.
cepa exposed to different concentrations of the Amilegbe leachate when compared to the
control, were statistically significantly different (p<0.05) with concentration dependent. The
leachate concentrations were observed to induce different chromosomal aberrations with
mitotic indices decreasing as the concentration rises. Leachates from the dumpsite have
detrimental effects on both Clarias gariepinus and Allium cepa.
Keywords: Leachate, Clarias gariepinus, LC50, Allium cepa, Chromosomal aberration,
Mitotic index.
Moringa oleifera L. (moringa) is known as one of the most useful multipurpose plants. It can be effectively utilized as a natural biopesticide and inhibitor of several plant pathogens. Thus, it can be included in integrated pest management strategies. Moringa and its products have different uses in many agricultural systems. The use of moringa as a crop enhancer is an eco-friendly way of improving crop yields at the lowest possible cost. This inexpensive increase in productivity can contribute to meeting some of the food needs in some parts of the world as the global population increases and poverty rates rise. One of the most important characteristics of moringa is that it has high biological and nutritional values and can be used as animal feed, green fertilizer, medicine, biopesticide and in seed production. Moringa has been characterized as a potentially useful animal feed owing to its high content of protein, carotenoids, several minerals and vitamins (such as iron and ascorbic acid) and certain phytochemicals (kaempferitrin, isoquercitrin, rhamnetin, kaempferol and quercetin). This review aims to provide more knowledge about the nature, nutritional value, phytochemicals and uses of Moringa oleifera as a promising material in the fields of soil and plant management, water treatment, as well as animal and poultry production.
Moringa olifera leaf extract at different concentrations were used to evaluate their effects on three cereal forages (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench, Penisetum typhoideum Rich and Sorghum Sudanese) grown under stress environment of soil and water salinity in an arid environment. Three independent experiments carried out at King Abdulaziz University Experimental Station, Makkah province during 2015 and 2016. Treatments consisted of four concentrations of Moringa olifera leaf extract: (C1 = 1 ml of juice + 10 ml of distilled water ,C2 = 1 ml of juice + 20 ml of distilled water, C3 = 1 ml of juice + 30 ml of distilled water and C4 = 1 ml of juice + 40 ml of distilled water in addition to distilled water alone as a control). Results showed that the higher concentration C1 contained the highest amount of inorganic elements and growth hormones compared to other concentrations. This in turn reflected in significant higher growth and forage yields of the three forage crops tested. Significant increases in growth and forage yields in both seasons reported for the higher concentration C1 compared to others. Fresh and dry forage yields of Millet, during 2016, increased by the higher concentration over the control treatment by 17.67 and 4.87%, respectively. Results indicated the effectiveness of Moringa leaf extract in improving growth and increasing productivity of cereal forages under harsh environment of salinity and aridity.
Emphasis tends towards cool temperate agriculture but, where appropriate, illustrative examples from warm temperate, tropical and arid climatic regions are given. The text is divided into three sections: Chapters 1-4 examine how the plant uses the basic resources of energy, water and minerals, and how it derives its structural strength and preserves its integrity; Chapters 5-10 deal with the growth and development of the plant from seed to maturity, including propagation and breeding. Chapters 11 and 12 focus on plants as crops, looking in turn at yield and the quality of its produce as food. Each chapter is largely self-contained, having its own summary. -after Authors
The effect of indole-3-acetic acid (10−4 and 10−5 M), gibberellic acid (10−4 and 10−5 M) and ethephon (50 ppm) as an ethylene releasing compound, on the diosgenin synthesis and/or accumulation process and their effects on the growth of Trigonella foenum-graecum plants were investigated. Treatment with 10−5 and 10−4 M gibberellic acid led to 43 and 19% increases, respectively, of diosgenin in 30-day-old whole plants. These increases might be associated with the action that this growth regulator has in stimulating plant growth and the biosynthetic pathway of this sapogenin. A smaller increase was obtained with the 10−5 M indole-3-acetic acid treatment (6%, in 30 day-old plants), probably due to a stimulation of the biosynthetic pathway, alone, since no effect on growth was observed. Treatment with 50 ppm ethephon increased the diosgenin levels observed in the leaves of 15- and 30-day-old plants, growth of the whole plant being substantially reduced at 30 days in comparison with the growth observed in control plants. These figures reflect a 77% increase in diosgenin levels in 15-day-old plants and a decrease of 68% in 30-day-old plants.
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