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Following Humbly where Nature Leads: How Scientists Embody Humility

August 2015

Authors:

Developing a Scientific Virtue-Based Approach to Science Ethics Training

Article

Full-text available

Feb 2017
SCI ENG ETHICS

Responsible conduct of research training typically includes only a subset of the issues that ought to be included in science ethics and sometimes makes ethics appear to be a set of externally imposed rules rather than something intrinsic to scientific practice. A new approach to science ethics training based upon Pennock's notion of the scientific virtues may help avoid such problems. This paper motivates and describes three implementations-theory-centered, exemplar-centered, and concept-centered-that we have developed in courses and workshops to introduce students to this scientific virtue-based approach.

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Article

Distribution of Quantum Coherence in Multipartite Systems

February 2016 · Physical Review Letters

The distribution of coherence in multipartite systems is examined. We use a new coherence measure with entropic nature and metric properties, based on the quantum Jensen-Shannon divergence. The metric property allows for the coherence to be decomposed into various contributions, which arise from local and intrinsic coherences. We find that there are trade-off relations between the various ... [Show full abstract] contributions of coherence, as a function of parameters of the quantum state. In bipartite systems the coherence resides on individual sites or distributed among the sites, which contribute in a complementary way. In more complex systems, the characteristics of the coherence can display more subtle changes with respect to the parameters of the quantum state. In the case of the XXZ Heisenberg model, the coherence changes from a monogamous to a polygamous nature. This allows us to define the shareability of coherence, leading to monogamy relations for coherence.

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METHOD OF DETERMINING OPTIMAL CONDITIONS FOR FILTRATION DEWATERING OF NATURAL WATER SLUDGES.

January 1987

The present theory of the process of filtration of suspensions with formation of a sludge proves inconsistent in explaining the causes of formation of a ″downward break″ in graphs of the tau /V equals f(V) function. Excluding this break in the graphs from consideration leads to obtaining negative values for R//f//p. Thus, it is felt that a ″downward break″ of any graph of the function tau /V ... [Show full abstract] equals f(V) indicates some special filtration process. The best known method of analyzing the experimental results in this case consists of selection of a type of filtration process for which the functional dependency is expressed by a straight line in the corresponding coordinates, for example, in the coordinates V/ tau - V or r/V - tau . In experiments on the filtration dewatering of natural water sludges a method was developed for finding the optimal conditions of sludge dewatering, excluding the above simplifications in representing the results of the experiments.

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Process Leading to Quasi-Fixation of Genes in Natural Populations Due to Random Fluctuation of Selec...

June 1954 · Genetics

Motoo Kimura

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Water use for cooling purposes.

May 1979

Helmut Kobus

Economic application of available cooling modes under given environmental constraints requires the use of optimisation models. Applications of such a model to the upper Rhine illustrates that the use of such methods leads to considerable energy savings and provides a tool for quantification of the effect of various environmental criteria. (A) More than half of the water supply of West Germany is ... [Show full abstract] used for cooling purposes. Since the available minimum cooling capacity of natural waters is insufficient, recirculating systems have to be used.

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VIBRATIONS OF AN EMPENNAGE WITH CONTROL SURFACE IN INCOMPRESSIBLE GAS FLOW.

January 1985

This work is devoted to study of the steady-state self-excited oscillations (autooscillations) of an empennage with statically indeterminate suspended control surface in an incompressible gas stream. We note that the nonzero chordwise stiffness of the control surface during deflections of the latter leads to qualitative change of the nature of the vibrations during autooscillations. Our analysis ... [Show full abstract] of the behavior of an empennage with a control surface in a gas stream makes it possible to conclude that the amplitude of the vibrations arising at flow velocities V// infinity greater than the critical velocity V//cr is stable and limited in magnitude, decreasing with increase of the flow velocity V// infinity .

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POWER FACTOR AND CONSERVATION.

May 1973

An elementary examination of the nature of power factor leads to a consideration of its energy conservation aspects.

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Random Walks and Catalan Factorization

July 1999

In the theory of random walks, it is notable that the central binomial coefficients 2nn count the number of walks of three different special types, which may be described as ‘balanced’, ‘nonnegative’ and ‘nonzero’. One of these coincidences is equivalent to the well-known convolution identity ∑ p+q=n 2p p2q q=2 2n · This article brings together several proofs of this ‘ubiquity of central binomial ... [Show full abstract] coefficients’ by presenting various relations between these classes of walks and combinatorial constructions that lead to the convolution identity. In particular, new natural bijections for the convolution identity based on the unifying idea of Catalan factorization are described.

Conference Paper

Contingency Table and Granularity

July 2007

This paper gives a matrix-theory based approach to a contingency table and shows that sample size gives a strong constraints on its granularity. In the former studies, relations between degree of granularity and dependence of contingency tables are given from the viewpoint of determinantal divisors and sample size. The nature of determinantal divisors shows that the increase of the degree of ... [Show full abstract] granularity may lead to that of dependence. However, a constraint on the sample size of a contingency table is very strong, which leads to the evaluation formula where the increase of degree of granularity gives the decrease of dependency. This paper gives a further study of the nature of sample size effect on the degree of dependency in a contingency matrix. The results show that sample size will restrict the nature of matrix in a combinatorial way, which suggests that the dependency is closely related with integer programming.

Conference Paper

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Randomized simplex algorithms on Klee-Minty cubes

December 1994 · Combinatorica

We investigate the behavior of randomized simplex algorithms on special linear programs. For this, we develop combinatorial models for the Klee-Minty cubes (1972) and similar linear programs with exponential decreasing paths. The analysis of two most natural randomized pivot rules on the Klee-Minty cubes leads to (nearly) quadratic lower bounds for the complexity of linear programming with random ... [Show full abstract] pivots. Thus we disprove two bounds conjectured in the literature. At the same lime, we establish quadratic upper bounds for random pivots on the linear programs under investigation. This motivates the question whether some randomized pivot rules possibly have quadratic worst-case behavior on general linear programs

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Response to “Supersymmetry in the Half-Oscillator- Revisited”

August 2002

We point out the flaw in the analysis of Gangopadhyaya and Mallow, hepth/0206133, where it is claimed that supersymmetry is broken in the SUSY half-oscillator, even with a regularization respecting supersymmetry. In an earlier paper [1], we had shown that supersymmetry, in quantum mechanical theories with singular potentials or nontrivial boundaries, is preserved if the system is regularized in a ... [Show full abstract] manner respecting supersymmetry. This is in contrast to the earlier claims [2, 3, 4] that supersymmetry is broken in such systems. We had shown, in particular, that if the superpotential is regularized, as opposed to the conventional 1 wisdom of regularizing the potential, supersymmetry is maintained in such systems in a natural manner. The reason for this is quite clear. A regularized superpotential leads to a pair of supersymmetric Hamiltonians for every value of the regularization parameter whereas a conventionally regularized potential does not lead to a pair of supersymmetric Hamiltonians for any value of the regularization parameter. In a recent paper, Gangopadhyaya and Mallow [5] claim that of the examples

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Computer-based design of first-order compensator (lag/lead) in s-plane

April 1995

The computer-based design of the first-order (Lag or Lead) compensator including two special cases is presented. These cases are the Case of Minimum Adjustable Gain and the Case of No Appreciable Change in Location of Dominant Closed-Loop Poles. The derivation of analytical design equations eliminates trial-and-error procedures and allows a computer-based design. The design equations are derived ... [Show full abstract] from the system specifications which are the location of dominant closed-loop poles and/or the error constant. The design method is exact > due to its analytical nature.

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Optimum operation of water purification through reverse osmosis

June 2007

A pilot plant had been put into operation to carry out experiences gained in the water purification technique with the aim of determining the optimum conditions for operation. Additionally, models for economic optimization for these types of plants had been developed. This paper deals with the process of reverse osmosis: external pressure is applied to the concentrated solution, higher than its ... [Show full abstract] natural osmotic pressure. It starts with a flow of solution and a concentration of solutes is produced and consequently leads to deionization of water.