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Tabanidae (Diptera) fauna of Turkish Thrace region
Abstract
Sixtyfour species of Tabanidae (Diptera) were determinated in Trakya region of Turkey by this study. Eight of these, Chrysops relictus Meig., Dasyramphis anthracinus (Meig.), Atylotus latistriatus (Brauer), A. venturii Leclercq, Hybomitra bimaculata (Macq.), H. pilosa (Loew), Tabanus maculicornis Zetterstedt, Haematopota gallica Szi., are new records for Tabanidae fauna of Turkey, 33 out of 64 species were recorded by their distribution patterns in Trakya region for the first time. The number of Tabanidae species in Trakya region reached to 74 with this study and the previous records.
... East Azarbaijan province is located in the northwest of Iran, with X from 36°45' to 39°26' N, Y from 45°5' to 48°22' E. The species were identified according to Chaval et al. (1972). The geographical distribution of the studied species mostly were provided by Kilic (1999) and Abbasian-Lintzen (1964). ...
... The present study shows that this species prefer hot and dry habitats which is in agreement to Chaval et al. (1972). As Iranian and Turkish tabanids fauna are somewhat similar (Kilic, 1999), it seems the mentioned neighbor countries have similar climates mostly. ...
... While females usually blood-sucking, some males prefer feeding on flower nectar, honeydew, and pollen. Females attack their hosts and can transmit various diseases such as Loasis, Trypanosomiyasis, and Anthrax to domestic animals, as well as causing a decrease in meat and milk in livestock such as cattle and cows due to the disturbance during blood-sucking (Kılıç, 1999). More than 25 types of diseases have been mechanically transmitted by horseflies (Dousti et al., 2011). ...
Horse flies (Tabanidae: Diptera) have impacts on livestock productions and they could easily transfer different viruses and pathogens which cause diseases such as Loasis, Tularemia, Trypanosomiasis. The aim of this study to determine the Tabanidae fauna of Zanjan province, Iran. The study was conducted during active periods of horseflies, between May and September in 2019, the Zanjan province of Iran and close villages. During the study a total of 35 species of the Tabanidae family belonging to 2 subfamilies Tabaninae and Pangoninae have been collected and identified in the study areas. Tabanus barbarous, T. spodopterus, and Atylotus hendrixi were reported for the first time from Iran so the Tabanidae family in Iran increased to 89 species. The biodiversity of horseflies was determined in Zanjan Province for the first time.
... In recent years, there has been an increase in research involving Turkish fauna to explore the phylogenetic and phylogeographic structure of various animal groups [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Although there have been certain faunistic studies to determine Tabanidae diversity [7,8,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41], there has been only one molecular-based study on horse flies in Turkey [42]. Because it has been implicated as a vector of various pathogens, and due to the lack of any molecular-based study, here we aim to investigate the population genetic structure, phylogeography, and demographic history of T. bromius to gain greater insight into this species. ...
Background
Tabanus bromius (Diptera: Tabanidae) is one of the most notable Tabanidae species of veterinary and medical importance distributed throughout the Palearctic region. In this study, we investigate the genetic diversity and the phylogeographic structure of T. bromius sampled from Turkey, Croatia, and Iran.
Methods
For this purpose, a 686-base-pair (bp) fragment of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I gene ( COI ) and 1339 bp of the nuclear DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were sequenced from 247 individuals representing 15 populations.
Results
The sequences generated 169 COI haplotypes and 90 ITS alleles. A higher haplotype/allele diversity ( h = 0.9909 for the COI gene and A d = 0.8193 for the ITS region) compared to a low nucleotide diversity ( π = 0.020605 for COI gene and π = 0.013667 for the ITS region), present for a high number of singleton and private haplotypes/alleles imply population expansion in the past. The results of phylogenetic analysis led to the uncovering of geographically significant groupings of lineages with regard to the entrance of the species into Anatolia and the location of major geographic barriers. According to current data, the species appears to have entered Turkey from Caucasia and Iran. A molecular clock applied to the COI data suggests that T. bromius diverged from the outgroup species nearly 8.83 million years ago, around the end of the Miocene era.
Conclusions
The results of this study indicate remarkable genetic diversity across the studied range of the species. High haplotype/allele versus low nucleotide diversity and demographic analyses implied that the T. bromius populations have undergone a series of expansions and retreats in the past. Our current findings suggest that T. bromius split from outgroups around the Late Miocene. Subsequent diversification events during the climatic and environmental fluctuation times of the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene periods also significantly influenced the species, resulting in the formation of some major genetic lineages. The phylogenetic analyses indicate that T. bromius most likely entered Turkey from the Caucasus region and Iran.
Graphical Abstract
... As it is also seen in the results of SWOT analysis, the region was considered to be having potentials due to the reasons like being one of the richest areas of Turkey in terms of flora and fauna, the provision of non-disturbance (Kiliç, 1999) the abundance of socio-cultural assets for ecotourism, and that certain parts of the area have different conservation statues like nature reserve area and natural protected area. This potential has not been utilized even though the local people lean towards this subject. ...
In the study, examining the ecotourism opportunities in Kiyiköy town of Vize district of Kirklareli province situated on the northwestern Turkey, the awareness of the local people and their role-expectations in this subject have been determined and the perceptions of the local people towards the environmental, socio-cultural and economical effects of ecotourism have been exposed. In this study, the relationship between socio-cultural and economic impacts and local people support for tourism are examined. In parallel with this purpose, it was aimed at looking for an answer to questions of: "what might be the effects of ecotourism in the rural area?" and "what would be the opinions and contributions of the local people regarding the creation and development of ecotourism?" The judgments of the local people towards effects of ecotourism were explored through survey method and factor analysis was conducted. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the area has significant ecotourism potential and the local people have a positive attitude towards ecotourism planning to be developed. Six factors influencing ecotourism were determined at the end of the factor analysis.
... For this species the centre of distribution is in Central Asia. It is known from the European part of Russia, Romania, South France, Austria, Turkey and from North Africa (Chvála et al., 1972;Kiliç, 1999). The area of distribution for Atylotus loeweianus consists of the territories of Mediterranean countries whence it reaches Central Europe (Chvála et al., 1972); the finding of this species in Croatia confirms the known area of distribution in Europe. ...
Systematic research into the distribution of t horse flies (Tabanidae) in Croatia was carried out in the period from 1992 to 2008. Horse flies were collected using different entomological methods, and in addition to field research, all relevant literature data were reviewed. In total, 5872 specimens, representing 12 species of four genera: Philipomyia, Dasyrhamphis, Atylotus and Therioplectes were collected from 271 localities covering 181 UTM grids. The zoogeographical analysis indicates that the Mediterranean species Dasyrhamphis anthracinus, Dasyrhamphis ater, Dasyrhamphis umbrinus and Therioplectes tunicatus were distributed in Croatia only in localities along the Adriatic Sea coast, while Therioplectes gigas and Philipomyia graeca, although also Mediterranean species, were found in the Alpine, Pannonian and continental regions of Croatia. Philipomyia aprica was collected in the Alpine region, as well as on the mountains of the Mediterranean region. The boreo-montane Eurasian species Atylotus fulvus and Atylotus rusticus, as well as the South European Atylotus loewianus, were sampled in the Mediterranean, continental, Pannonian and Alpine regions of Croatia, while the Afro-Eurasian arid species Atylotus flavoguttatus was found in the Mediterranean, Pannonian and continental regions of Croatia.
In this faunistic study carried out in the Anatolian part of Canakkale province, 40 Tabanidae species distributed in the area were determined. Previous studies carried out in this province reported 31 species. Overall, 52 species belonging to Pangoninae, Chrysopsinae and Tabaninae subfamilies have been determined to date. Twenty-one of these species are first records for the province and Silvius latifrons graecus Chv., Mch., and Lyn., is a first record for Turkey as well.