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Strategic planning: A tool for managing organizations in competitive environments

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Abstract

Why some of the organizations in any industry in comparison to others are more profitable and why the performance of some organizations is more desirable and lucrative? Why some of the organizations tolerate political, economic and social changes and overcome them easily, while on the contrary some organizations fail easily and can not continue their business? In other words, how successful organizations gain competitive advantage? Since in each organization, the ultimate goal of strategy is achieving competitive advantage, for answering to the mentioned questions, there is a need to analyze the process of strategic planning. The purpose of this article is to analyze the process of strategic planning and factors influencing it, so that organizations by means of that identify the concepts and methods of strategic planning correctly and they will be able to formulate strategy in condition of uncertainty and intense competition and can protect themselves against environmental changes. Also, in this article, factors and dynamics that relate to the initiation of strategic planning efforts within organizations and the relationship between flexibility, strategic planning and organizational performance have been analyzed.

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... The relationship between the effect of E-commerce adoption in the hotel performance in Malaysia are not so clear, although there are other studies in the west that shows the relationship between the E-commerce adoption with hotel performance exist by Rezvani (2011), Tow (2004, Amit and Zott (2001), and Uchitelle (2000) but is more focused on the manufacturing industry. A research in the tourism industry in general and especially the hotel sector, which looking for Ecommerce adoption impact on hotel performance in Malaysia is limited. ...
... shows a case study of organizational culture is a factor in determining the ability of an organization to use information technology resources to improve business performance (Xiao, 2008;Serafeimidis and Smithson, 1999). At the same time, the adoption of organizational culture is a critical factor in getting profits from the information technology (Gilaninia et. al., 2011;Xiao, 2008;Zammuto andO'Connor, 1992, El Sawy, 1985). The study also questioned the use of E-commerce and organizations culture are complementary in influencing hotel performance. In order to achieve optimal business value of information technology, organizations need strength from the use of E-commerce and organizations culture in the n ...
... The ability of the entire organization is defined as profit organizations, economic rent arising from business activities (McGahan and Porter, 2002). An organization that possesses E-commerce benefit are likely to achieve above-normal profit (Rezvani et al., 2011). Productivity and economic construction are benefited from Ecommerce. ...
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Global organizations can go on the information highway and dramatically improve the way business interactions by using E-commerce. This situation and demands force each organization to change, to abridge the gap in environmental changes that take place. One of those who get the full benefits of E-commerce is the hotel industry. The full potential of values brought about by E-commerce in Malaysia is unable to realize. This paper shows the role of organizational culture among E-commerce adoption and hotel performance in Malaysia, from a survey of 111 hotels, four (4) stars above, and 146 hotels three (3) stars below as a sample. Based on the conceptual framework, it can be hypothesized that Organizational culture positively mediates the effect of E-commerce adoption on hotel performance. A statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 20 was used to examine the data. Pearson correlation analysis and descriptive statistics were performed to determine the collinearity problem, and to analyze the relationship between the variables. Lastly, multiple regression analysis was recommended to assess the mediating variable in the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable (Baron and Kenny, 1986). The final results of Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis showed important finding. The relationship between organizational culture and E-commerce adoption significantly correlated with hotel performance. Meanwhile based on mediating model testing, the mediating effect of organizational culture in the hypothesized model exists. The findings of this study may be used to improve the method and management in Malaysia hotel industry environment and employees should be exposed to the requirement in the work culture towards globalization. Therefore, practice within the E-commerce adoption needs to consider the organizational culture as a key element in the hotel performance. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n2p61
... Melalui pencapaian orientasi jangka panjang tersebut perencanaan strategis bertujuan mempromosikan pemikiran strategis, tindakan dan pembelajaran yang bersifat on going serta didesain untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi secara komprehensif dalam memastikan tindakan misi organisasi. Selain membutuhkan perencanaan finansial juga menyertakan penilaian organisasi dan lingkungan terhadap pencapaian visi pada kondisi yang tidak bisa diprediksi di masa depan (Rezvani, et al, 2011). ...
... Fungsi selanjutnya mengatasi pekerjaan dengan membangun desain kapasitas sistem manajemen strategis, manusia, struktur, proses, sumberdaya, dukungan politik dan produktifitas. Bryson juga menyatakan perencanaan strategis dapat digunakan secara sukses oleh badan publik atau divisi organisasi utama, pemerintahan secara umum (daerah, kota, negara), organisasi nonprofit yang menyediakan layanan publik, jaringan interorganisasi (kolaborasi, kemitraan) dan organisasi nonprofit dengan fungsi spesifik (transportasi, kesehatan, pendidikan, layanan darurat) dan seluruh komunitas seperti wilayah kota, regional atau negara (Rezvani, et al, 2011). ...
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Strategic plan is series of stages rational thought to produce an effective strategy. The purpose to know strategy of Banyuwangi Regency Government in response natural disasters through strategic plan (Renstra). Research Methods use qualitative descriptive approach and data analysis use content analysis to analyze document of regional disaster Management Agency (BPBD) Banyuwangi Regency Year 2019-2021 use Vision of Success Approach from Bryson. The results show that the vision of the National Medium-Term Development is used as a reference for Banyuwangi Regency BPBD Strategic Plan in dealing with natural disasters at local level. This is also supported by the vision of selected regional heads who are committed to providing public services including disaster services on aspects of natural disaster risk reduction and optimization of natural disaster emergency response management. In addition, strategies to manage disaster issues are optimizing organizational management and strengthening the tasks and functions of disaster management comprehensively. However, the process of strategic planning stages there is still no systematic schedule and communication still relies on disaster information from the Meteorology and Geophysics Agency. BPBD Strategic Plan is local governments guideline to take disaster policies so that the documents compiled by BPBD must be complete and comprehensive.
... Internet trade is a new era in trade relations and the entire systems of electronic markets have also been structured that provide opportunities for organization from the third world countries (O'Brien, 2008). Related technologies and applications should be changed in line with changes in business operations and how the employees work and how information systems and technology support business processes, decision making, competitive advantages and organizational capabilities (Rezvani et al, 2011;O'Brien 2008& Katz, 1993. Refers to the research of O 'Brien, (2008) andKatz, (1993) there is relationship between investment in Information Technology and effective capabilities that's relates to each other in order to create a successful business. ...
... These studies are consistent with the RBV theory, where it highlights that E-commerce business network and E-commerce competency which are the sources of competitive advantage to earn more profit (Xiao, 2008, Zhu 2004, Tow 2004: Wade & Hulland 2004Barney 2001;Powell & Dent Micallef, 1997). To investigate E-commerce adoption in organizational performance based on different industries, several studies used Resource Based View (RBV) model like Rezvani (2011), Tow (2004), Xiao (2008 which focusing in manufacturing industries. Refers to Scupola, (2008), and Rogers, (1995), adoption is the decision to make full use of an innovation as the best sources of action available. ...
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E-commerce is growing up very fast all over the world and become important issues in many studies. Thetourism industry is the second largest contributor to the economy after the manufacturing sector in Malaysia.Therefore E-commerce cannot be excluded as this technology has huge impact on tourism industry. This paperaddresses the role of E-commerce usage for achieving organizational capabilities among hotel in Malaysia. Thefinding shows the E-commerce business network is higher with a mean 3.48. The study also found that there is acorrelation between organization performance with E-commerce business network, and E-commercecompetency. This research also employs stepwise regression analysis to look at dominant factor in predictingorganizational performance. This research contribute to both academic research and management practice as itprovide comprehensive impact of how E-commerce adoption on organizational performance at least in case ofTourism industry in a small developing economy like Malaysia.
... Stakeholders in the study expressed mixed responses about level of participation in strategic planning in nonprofit arts organizations in metropolitan Detroit, with just over half of all respondents indicating that they were highly involved in the process. Active participation is one of the key ingredients to proper strategic planning, and it demonstrates leader trust in participants, a key part of authentic leadership (Bryson 2010;Bryson and Alston 2005;Bryson et al. 2009;Ketokivi and Castañer 2004;Rezvani 2011). Further, 26.7% indicated that their interactions in the strategic planning process were sufficient. ...
... Further, 26.7% indicated that their interactions in the strategic planning process were sufficient. Because authentic leaders demonstrate genuine care and concern for their followers, the implication is that this trait of authentic leadership may also be lacking (Walumbwa, Avolio, and Zhu 2008;Walumbwa et al. 2010;2011). This result is particularly interesting, as it suggests that a majority of nonprofit arts organizations are in need of improvement in terms of authentic leadership experienced by their stakeholders in the strategic planning process. ...
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Nonprofit arts organizations are experiencing declines not unlike those experienced by other nonprofits twenty years ago. At that time, key leadership in strategic planning reversed trends of decline. This research explores stakeholder perceptions of authentic leadership in strategic planning in nonprofit arts organizations in metropolitan Detroit. Eight arts organizations were represented in the study. Findings suggest that there is an insufficient application of authentic leadership traits, such as trust and empathy, in the strategic planning process of the sample organizations. Further, findings suggest that an imbalance between arts-based mission and commerce-based business in the strategic planning process hinders effective planning, leading to ineffective outcomes.
... Other researchers [10] have seen competitive pressure as being a significant determinant of a firm's level of computerization, adoption and utilization of inter-organizational [11]. Hotels have to change to avoid from being left behind in technology and how information systems and technology support business processes, decision making and competitive advantages [12]. If EC is used properly it should gain an advantage over competitors by reducing operational costs below that of others in the same industry. ...
... Therefore, EC cannot be excluded as this technology has a huge impact in the hotel industry. EC has become more important to support an e-market system because it has opened new relations in electronic trade without restraint boundaries can be reached anywhere by any anyone [12]. The use of EC for marketing hotel services by hotel management companies is becoming increasingly popular around the globe [13]. ...
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E-commerce is growing up very fast over the world and has tremendous potential for creating business opportunities. This paper examines if there is a relationship between competition and the extent of Electronic Commerce adoption in B2B inbound communication, B2C order taking, B2B outbound communication and B2B inbound communication. A quantitative methodology approach was adopted. The findings show a mean of 3.29. The study also found that there is a correlation between competition and e-commerce. Data was collected in 332 hotels in seven provinces in South Africa. The data collected was analysed using correlation and multiple regression analysis.
... The extent to which organizations can adapt themselves to constantly changing environments (Shimizu and Hitt, 2004;Rezvani et al., 2011) will influence their performance. Strategic flexibility is 'predominantly conceptualized as an ability or set of abilities of a firm to react or respond proactively to changes or opportunities in the environment' (Brozovic and Nordin, 2012). ...
... Development of core competencies -creation of competences that give the firm strategic options for meeting the demands of the future (Barney, 1991;Combs et al., 2011;Rezvani et al., 2011). ...
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Strategic flexibility provides an approach for tourism destinations to respond more readily to turbulent environments. It is a management method that can assist tourism suppliers to meet the challenges of achieving competitive advantage. The paper also explores the importance that is accorded to the facilitators or drivers of strategic flexibility by Slovenian tourism industry stakeholders along with their performance in actioning these drivers. Importance performance analysis suggests the priority strategic actions to reduce the risk of strategic drift. The paper concludes with an assessment of the implications of these findings for emerging destinations generally. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
... The observed finding was in line with empirical evidence from various authors, [48,49]. It was generally established that, strategic implementation practices are essential in improving the quality of teachers. ...
Article
Aims: The study examined the influence of strategic planning implementation practices on school performance in public secondary schools in Tanzania. Specifically, it assessed the influence of strategic implementation practices on school organisational performance; investigated the influence of strategic implementation practices on teacher performance; and evaluated the influence of strategic implementation practices on students’ academic performance. Study Design: The study employed a concurrent triangulation design within the framework of a mixed methods approach. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in two Districts of Mwanza Region namely: Nyamagana and Magu in which data were collected from public secondary schools between August 2022 and January 2023. Methodology: The sample size involved a total of 354 respondents including 266 members of the School Management Teams (SMTs), 76 members of the School Governing Boards (SGBs), 10 Ward Education Officers (WEOs) and 2 District Education Officers (DEOs). Research data were collected through questionnaire, interview and documentary review. The quantitative data were analyzed by using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique, while the qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis. Results: The results of hypotheses tests show that, strategic implementation practices was significantly related to: school organizational performance (P<0.05, R2=0.08), teacher performance (P<0.05, R2=0.02) and students’ academic performance (P<0.05, R2=0.24). Therefore, it is was generally observed that, strategic implementation practices significantly influence school performance. Conclusion: The study concluded that strategic implementation of school operations and activities is an antecedent to school performance.
... Schools must identify these goals so that they can survive and compete. As the opinion expressed by Resvani and Branch (2011) that organizations are so complex that without detailed short-term to longterm planning, they cannot survive. In developing the education system, no matter where the school is located, part of the planning is very important. ...
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SMAK Santa Maria Monte Carmelo Maumere, as an educational institution that opened in 2019, certainly has many things that need to be addressed in the management system. The purpose of this study was to find the right strategic steps so that it can be an alternative solution that can be applied in the development of the institution in the future. This study was conducted at SMAK Santa Maria Monte Carmelo Maumere using a SWOT Analysis. The results showed that the position of SMAK Santa Maria Monte Carmelo Maumere is in quadrant 1 (Aggressive) which indicates a potential position to develop.
... Schools must identify these goals so they can survive and compete. As the opinion expressed by Resvani and Branch (2011) that organizations are so complex that without detailed short-term to long-term planning, they cannot survive. In developing the education system, wherever schools are located, the part of planning is very important. ...
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Educators and educational personnel as the key actors in education who have a direct effect on the education process must be able to provide the best performance so that the education process runs as expected. This brings about the importance of improving the quality of educators and educational personnel that is adjusted to the demands and progress of the times. Sadly, this has not yet been fully carried out by educational policy-makers. Improving the quality of educators and educational personnel is mostly done without a through comprehensive analysis. This study aimed to develop a strategic planning as an effort to improve the quality of educators and educational personnel based on an analysis of the internal and external conditions of the school. This research was a qualitative study conducted at a vocational high school in West Java. Participants were the school principal, vice-principals, and teachers. Data were collected through interviews and documents. Data were analyzed by presenting data, reducing data, and drawing conclusions. This study was conducted through FGDs and a SWOT analysis for determining positions and determining strategic issues. The results showed that the school's position was in quadrant I (with an aggressive strategy) which showed a potential position to develop. This study recommends that several steps can be used to improve the quality of educators and educational personnel.
... If properly implemented, supply chain planning has the benefit of fostering trust between the focal company, its buyers and suppliers. It helps partners in the supply chain to gain indirect benefits where buyers and suppliers may feel encouraged to interact with each other hereby enhancing benefits, thereby bolstering a web of positive interaction in the chain (Mousa and Seyyed, 2011). ...
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This paper centered on exploring the correlation between supply chain planning and business performance of Nigeria oil and gas industry. The study adopted correlation research design. Structured questionnaire were used to obtain responses from respondents. One hundred copies of questionnaire were administered to registered oil and gas companies in Nigeria and ninety eight copies were successfully completed and retrieved. Pearson's product moment correlation was used to test hypotheses and the demographics of the respondents were analyzed using frequency and simple percentages. The study found that supply chain planning has a significant positive correlation with business performance dimensions such as market share, sales growth and demand forcasting in Nigerian oil and gas industry.
... In this configuration, the studied cultural factors accompany strategy inclusiveness to create a higher level of effectiveness in strategy-making. These cultural factors are repeatedly mentioned in the literature as factors leading to the success of strategy in firms (Al-Turki, 2011;Galbreath, 2010;Hendrick, 2003;Rezvani, Gilaninia, & Mousavian, 2011). The importance of these factors to complement strategy inclusiveness is highlighted in this configuration. ...
... Strategic planning like this must be ongoing and permanent. This determines the final goal to be achieved and how the strategy to access it, allocate it, and manage its resources to achieve the goals that have been determined [2]. ...
... Information technology is the use of computers, information and information devices to collect, store, store and disseminate information [12]. Information technology in this research is called as prospect which will help to digitize and preservation of classical Balinese dance. ...
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Bali is one of the famous island with unique art and culture. One of the interesting benefits of Balinese art is the art of dance. Dance which is the origin of Balinese dance there is Classical Balinese Dance. Classical Balinese Dance is a Balinese dance that has certain norms, rules, standards and has high artistic value. Currently the development of Balinese Dance is very rapid as many emerging modern dance in Bali. This causes the Balinese Classical Dance which is the origin of Balinese dance began to be forgotten and rarely staged. Many people are not aware of the existence of Classical Balinese dance. With the development of information technology, the delivery of information can be done by digitizing information. This research examines the utilization of information technology for preservation of classical Balinese dance. The result of this research is the information technology based model of preservation of classical Balinese dance to preserve classical Balinese dance so that people can revive the classical Balinese dance that has been almost forgotten. In addition, this research produce a classic balinese dance website andmobile application. The research method consists of stages of literature review, environmental aspect assessment, analysis, identification, model development, model implementation.
... iness to Business -B2B, Business to Consumer -B2C, Consumer to Consumer -C2C, and Consumer to Business -C2B. New forms of Ecommerce are often used for business-to-customer relations and transactions, not just (EDI) for business-to-business relations. This offers much bigger numbers, therefore great penetration; therefore more people want to use it (Rezvani et. al., 2011, Fisher, 2000. E-commerce is necessary in the interest of both parties together in such a trade, the buyer and seller, because it offers a combination of low cost, high reliability, accuracy, and speed. Thus, it can have an impact on both top and bottom line productivity ratio (Fisher, 2000). In explaining the Ecommerce, several approac ...
... Leadership in the arts is unique for its duality of purpose (deVoogt, 2006), its focus on ever changing artistic product (Lapierre, 2001) and its egodriven participants (Lake, 2011). It has not traditionally focused on strategic planning of organizational outcomes (Bryson, 2010), especially when compared to other nonprofit service agencies (Cray, Inglis, & Freeman, 2007), and this may be influenced by poor stakeholder perceptions and low stakeholder participation in the strategic planning process (Bryson, 2010;Bryson & Alston, 2005;Bryson, Crosby, & Bryson, 2009;Ketokivi & Castañer, 2004;Rezvani, 2011). Poor stakeholder perception of leadership is damaging to long-range organizational outcome planning for nonprofit arts organizations (Tschirhart, 1996), even though leadership in non-arts nonprofits has been shown to positively correlate to strategic planning and positive organizational outcomes (McClamroch, Byrd, & Sowell, 2001). ...
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nment between existing planned or unplanned organizational outcomes, and those outcomes stakeholders find to be most pressing. The study was conducted as the third and final part of a broader single case study to examine stakeholder perceptions on three interrelated lenses: strategic planning, authentic leadership in strategic planning, and organizational outcomes. The case for all three sections of the study used a nonprobability sampling
... Quality of life is greatly influenced by time and space and it could be diverse in different time periods and geographic locations (Rezvani and Mansourian, 2008). Accordingly, different levels of health, safety, social networks, and other similar factors can affect the quality of life and social capital of people living in different regions (Rezvani et al., 2011). Nevertheless, this issue has not been addressed in many cities. ...
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Background: Nowadays, quality of life (QOL) is largely associated with social capital and its components such as groups and networks, trust and solidarity, collective action and social cohesion, where social capital can both lead and improve QOL. The aim of this study was to determine the association between social capital and QOL among university students. Methods: A random sample of 338 students from University of Yasuj participated in this cross-sectional study in 2016, during 8 months. Data is collected using demographics checklist, Iranian version of WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF), and Onyx and Bullen Social Capital Scale. All statistical analysis is performed using STAT 12. Results: Mean age of the participants was 24±3.8 years (boys 24.9±4.6; girls 23.3±2.8). Students scored highest and lowest on physical health (69.2±16.8) and environmental health (51.5±22.3) dimensions of QOL and average score of total social capital scale was 85.5±12.9. A multiple linear regression analysis confirmed the significant association between all four health-related dimensions of QOL and social capital (P<0.001). Conclusion: According to the results, a higher social capital can be indicative of an improved QOL among university students. Therefore, we may seek to build-up social capital by utilizing strategies such as developing social networking, social interactions, security, trust and sharing among university students.
... Otherwise, they will fail (Ishaq and Kritsonis 2009), and will ultimately have recourse to crisis management. On the same point, Resvani and Branch (2011) argue that organizations are so complex that without detailed short to long-term planning, they cannot survive. Despite this, it is evident that not all principals in South Africa are succeeding in promoting stakeholder participation in strategic planning (Bush and Bell 2008). ...
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Strategic planning is crucial in facilitating sustainable development of schools. It enables schools to survive and cope with changes and challenges from government policies and market forces. There is broad agreement that all stakeholders need to be part of school strategic planning. In response to the lack of evidence suggesting stakeholders’ involvement – specifically that of Heads of Department (HOD) – in strategic planning in schools, and its value in ensuring that all stakeholders execute their duties, HODs’ experiences regarding their involvement in strategic planning were explored. Qualitative research was undertaken and semi-structured interviews were employed to generate data. The study reveals that the HODs were involved in some form of planning but there is no evidence suggesting their participation in substantive issues on strategic planning. Further, the study reveals that transparency-driven leadership and collaboration are key factors to ensure HODs’ participation in strategic planning. The findings suggest that the involvement of HODs is crucial towards improving teaching and learning.
... This is due to the fact that NPOs may lack direct control over resource flows and therefore operate in an uncertain environment (Stone, Bigelow et al. 1999). It is argued that features and preferences of these external resource providers will affect different components of the NPOs strategic management, such as the strategy formulation or the strategy content, and tempts NPOs to shift away from their original mission in order to cope with actual or perceived funder priorities (Wolch 1990; Tober 1991). Furthermore, Froelich (1999) found that funding authorities, and especially governments, might exert pressure on the NPOs to change some of their internal processes. ...
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Private nonprofit organizations (NPO) involved in publically funded welfare programs face the challenge of maintaining autonomy in their strategic decision-making processes. In this article we study the extent to which NPO managers perceive this autonomy vis-à-vis government in defining the NPO’s mission, their working procedures, the target groups to be served and the results to be achieved. Empirical evidence is taken from a large-N sample of 250 NPOs engaged in social welfare provision in Belgium. Our findings suggest that public resource dependence does have a negative impact on the perception of NPOs about the level of organizational autonomy. Still, we will argue that, when looking at the relative share of public income in the NPO’s total budget, the nature and intensity of the consultation process between government and NPO and some measures of organizational capacity, this picture is less black and white than presumed.
... This is because NPOs may lack direct control over resource flows and therefore operate in an uncertain environment (Stone, Bigelow, & Crittenden, 1999). It is argued that features and preferences of these external resource providers will affect different components of the NPOs strategic management, such as the strategy formulation or the strategy content, and tempts NPOs to shift away from their original mission in order to cope with actual or perceived funder priorities (Tober, 1991; Wolch, 1990). Furthermore, Froelich found that funding authorities, and especially governments, might exert pressure on the NPOs to change some of their internal processes. ...
Article
Private nonprofit organizations (NPO) involved in publically funded welfare programs face the challenge of maintaining autonomy in their strategic decision-making processes. In this article we study the extent to which NPO managers perceive this autonomy vis-à-vis government in defining the NPO's mission, their working procedures, the target groups to be served and the results to be achieved. Empirical evidence is taken from a large-N sample of 255 NPOs engaged in social welfare provision in Belgium. Our findings suggest that public resource dependence does have a negative impact on the perception of NPOs about the level of organizational autonomy. Still, we will argue that, when looking at the relative share of public income in the NPO's total budget, the nature and intensity of the consultation process between government and NPO and some measures of organizational capacity, this picture is less black and white than presumed.
... Strategic analyzing can be such a tool to help the managers managing their companies better in the competitive circumstance (Mousa Rezvani et al, 2011). Seyed Masoud Manouri et al, applied strategic modeling in the Tourism business (2012). ...
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Sometimes in private joint-stock enterprises, the directorate and the main stockholders try to change some of the director's decisions with exertion. Sometimes the directorate's ideas and aims are different than those of the director. So in such companies planning is a little different. Private joint-stock companies mostly focus in providing services and total support of the customer in order to gain more benefit and a bigger share of the market with satisfying the costumers’ desires. Therefore aim of this paper would be planning of company's strategy based on environmental analysis and with taking care of the goals of the company. Nowadays having a strategic plann is necessary for a company existence. One of popular techniques for these such planning is David's model. David's model is used by many governmental, semi-governmental and private companies and also is used in training, servicing, constructing and transporting. In this paper we formulate a strategic plan for a private joint-stock computer enterprise named DIDGAH RAYANEH SAMA.
... With the emergence of endogenous growth models considered as an effective factor on the long-term economic growth and Investment in human resources or R & D has been proposed in addition to physical investment , If the business cycle fluctuations effect on these investments can have been effect on long term growth in economic. Today there is a new interest in strategic planning as a means of monitoring a rapidly changing environment and taking effective decisions and action based upon that monitoring (Rezvani, Gilaninia, Mousavian, 2011). Globalization is meaning to unlimited competition, development, inefficient loss of boundaries between countries, cultures and organizations in the areas of public and private (Soufi, Gilaninia, Mousavian, 2011). ...
... As such, it has a meaning to insiders and outsiders that extends beyond that embodied in the planning process itself. For example, some report that staff in nonprofit organizations resist formal planning because it represents the managerial ideology of large-scale corporate enterprises (Tober, 1991), while others (for example, funders and board members) view planning as essential to a businesslike and professional attitude (Stone, 1991). Thus, formal planning may be significant for its legitimating qualities. ...
Article
The research presented here contributes to our understanding of strategic planning and its relationship to performance in nonprofit organizations. Based on a sample of 303 nonprofit organizations, the study emphasizes individual and diverse elements of the planning process. Multiple measures of performance highlight a nonprofits need to garner resource contributions from several constituencies. Using factor analysis and canonical correlation analysis, we find a positive association between scope of planning and executive satisfaction and a negative association between administrative informality and volunteer involvement. Our results suggest that two critical resource contributors, executive directors and donors, may not value formalized decision-making and planning to the extent previously assumed.
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Rekabetin küresel boyuta ulaştığı günümüz şartlarında sahip olunan yetenekler, firma başarısı için belirleyici bir role sahiptir. Bununla birlikte değişken çevre ve pazar yapısına uyum için dış çevre bilgisi ve bu bilginin mevcut bilgiyle bütünleştirilerek firma yararına kullanımı, firmanın yetenekleri gibi maddi olmayan kaynaklarını artırdığı gibi yol haritasını belirlemesinde de kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı özümseme kapasitesi, stratejik planlama yeteneği ve firma performansı arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektir. Bu kapsamda İstanbul ve Gebze’de bulunan ve üretim sektöründe faaliyet gösteren firmalarda görev yapan 211 yöneticiden anket yöntemi kullanılarak veri toplanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizleri sonucunda, özümseme kapasitesinin stratejik planlama yeteneği ile pozitif ilişkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca stratejik planlama yeteneği ile firma performansı arasında da pozitif bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır.
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The study aims are to examine the mediating effect of strategic Planning (SP) on the relationship of business skills and performance of medium enterprises' (MEs) via the quantitative research method. This study finds that strategic planning has a significantly positive impact on the relationship of business skills and MEs' performance in Punjab, Pakistan. In conclusion, it was ascertained that strategic planning is the only factor that can assist to boost company performance. El efecto de mediación de la planificación estratégica en la relación entre las habilidades comerciales y el desempeño de las medianas empresas: Evidencia de Punjab, Pakistán Resumen Los objetivos del estudio son examinar el efecto mediador de la Planificación estratégica (SP) en la relación de las habilidades comerciales y el rendimiento de las empresas medianas (ME) a través 747 Israr Ahmad et al. Opción, Año 35, Regular No.24 (2019): 746-778 del método de investigación cuantitativa. Este estudio revela que la planificación estratégica tiene un impacto significativamente positivo en la relación de las habilidades comerciales y el desempeño de los ME en Punjab, Pakistán. En conclusión, se determinó que la planificación estratégica es el único factor que puede ayudar a impulsar el rendimiento de la empresa.
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Strategic planning is a process whish brings to life the mission and vision of an enterprise. The article analyses the following issues: 1. Concepts of strategy. 2. Components of strategic planning. 3. The basis of strategic planning. 4. Formal strategic planning. 5. Tools used in strategy development. 6. Problems of strategic planning. First Published Online: 27 Oct 2010
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