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Wound healing activity of aqueous and alcoholic extrcts of fruits of Zizyphus oenoplia
Abstract
The wound healing activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of fruits of Zizyphus Oenoplia was evaluated by excision, Incision and dead space wound models on rats. The study was carried out by topical application of 5% w/w ointment of aqueous and alcoholic extract was prepared in 2% sodium alginate. The study includes measurement of parameters like rate of wound contraction, period of epithelialization, tensile strength of tissue and formation of granulation on tissue. The results revealed that the significant decrease in time of epithelialization, significant increase in tensile strength, and granuloma tensile strength in the animals treated with aqueous and alcoholic extracts of fruits of Zizyphus Oenoplia. Significant activity was found in alcoholic followed by aqueous extracts when compared to control. From the study it was concluded that both the extracts were found to posses significant wound healing activity. The results were compared with the Framycetin sulphate cream as reference standard drug.
... The roots of the plant possess antiulcer and antioxidant, anthelminthic (Majumder et al., 2011;, antiplasmodial (Suksamrarn et al., 2005) angiogenic potential (Mahapatra et al., 2011), antidenaturation and antibacteial activity (Ramalingam et al., 2010), wound healing activity (Kuppast et al., 2012), hepatoprotective potential against antitubercular drugs induced hepatotoxicity (Rao et al.,2012) and as an ingredient in the preparation of stomach ache pills among the Munda tribe (Singh and Panda, 2005). Z. oenoplia plant is widely used in Ayurveda for the treatment of various diseases, such as ulcer, Stomach ache, obesity, asthma and it has an astringent, digestive, antiseptic, hepatoprotective, wound healing and diuretic property (Suryakant et al., 2011;Rao et al.,2012;Pullaiah et al., 2002). ...
... Only ethanolic extract showed activity against Staphylococus aureus (Ramalingam et al., 2010). Wound healing activity Kuppast et al., (2012) studied the wound healing activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of fruits of , and Z. oenoplia reported that activity was found in alcoholic followed by aqueous extracts when compared to control. From the study it was concluded that alcoholic followed by aqueous extracts were found to posses significant wound healing activity. ...
... It's often utilized in province of Uttar Pradesh (India) for liver diseases [2,3]. The roots of the plant possess antiulcer and antioxidant, antihelminthic [4,5], antiplasmodial [6] angiogenic potential, antidenaturation and antibacterial activity [7], wound healing activity [8], hepatoprotective potential against antitubercular drugs induced hepatotoxicity [9] and as an ingredient in the preparation of stomach ache pills among the Munda tribe [10]. Aim of the current study to investigate Ziziphus oenoplia Mill preliminary phytochemical analysis, estimate the number of alkaloids present and identification of functional group present within the extracts using FTIR analysis. ...
... When compared to the control, alcoholic and then aqueous extracts showed significant action. It was determined from the investigation that both extracts had high wound-healing potential [33]. ...
Wound healing is a complex physiological process which includes highly organized cellular, humoral and molecular mechanisms. Delayed wound healing presents a huge challenge not just for the patient but also for the healthcare system in general. One of the many ways in which this challenge can be tackled is to use herbal medicines and development which have been commonly used for centuries in folk medicine. Many herbal formulations have been reported to accelerate the process of wound healing by enhancing epithelization, neovascularization, formation of granulation tissue, collagen synthesis, wound contraction, tensile strength in experimental wound models. This review gives an overview of experimental pre-clinical studies related to phytotherapeutic approaches to wound healing. It also includes description of medicinal plants and responsible phytoconstituents like tannins and flavonoids used to cure and treat wounds.
... It's often utilized in province of Uttar Pradesh (India) for liver diseases [2,3]. The roots of the plant possess antiulcer and antioxidant, antihelminthic [4,5], antiplasmodial [6] angiogenic potential, antidenaturation and antibacterial activity [7], wound healing activity [8], hepatoprotective potential against antitubercular drugs induced hepatotoxicity [9] and as an ingredient in the preparation of stomach ache pills among the Munda tribe [10]. Aim of the current study to investigate Ziziphus oenoplia Mill preliminary phytochemical analysis, estimate the number of alkaloids present and identification of functional group present within the extracts using FTIR analysis. ...
Medicinal Plants have inexpensive amount of bioactive phytochemicals or bionutrients. Phytochemicals are present in all medicinal plants at different levels and are useful compounds of human diet. In recent decades research studies have shown that phy-tochemicals are playing major role in preventing chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer and heart disease. They are being used to control oxidation and chronic diseases associated with stress, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes because it possesses strong antioxidant activity. Aim of the present study was Ziziphus oenoplia Mill. phytochemical screening, alkaloid estimation and their FTIR analysis. This experiment provides evidence to support the existence of different biologically important medicinal bio-active compounds or phytochemicals that explain their use in conventional medicines. This medicine can be therapeutically used separately or combination with other extracts to cure any disorder and disease.
... Traditionally, the leaves (Kuvar and Bapat, 2010), bark and root (Rashmi et al., 2018) are the mostly used plant parts in the treatment of wounds. The wound-healing activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the fruits of this plant has been evaluated by in-vivo methods (Kuppast and Kumar, 2012). In the present study, the wound-healing potential of the leaf and bark of Z. oenoplia was evaluated using scratch wound assay to rationalise the scientific basis for the traditional use of this plant in wound healing. ...
... 35 and 20 mg/mL prepared in 1% tragacanth. A major reduction in epithelialization time, the rise of tensile strength, and granuloma tensile strength occurred in the wounds of rats, signifying good wound-healing potential of the fruits [43]. ...
Background: Ziziphus oenoplia Mill. (Family- Rhamnaceae) an important shrub, often found throughout the hot regions of tropical Asia and northern Australia, is commonly well known as Jackal Jujube in English. It is a folk herbal medicine used as an abdominal pain killer and anti-diarrhoeal agent,.
Objective: The review aims to provide up-to-date information on the vernacular information, botanical characterization, distribution, ethnopharmacological uses, pharmacological activities, and chemical constituents of Z. oenoplia for possible exploitation of treatment for various diseases and to suggest future investigations.
Method: This review was performed by studying online resources relating to Z. oenoplia and diverse resources, including scientific journals, books, and worldwide accepted databases from which information was assembled to accumulate significant information and relevant data at one place.
Results: Investigations on Z. oenoplia have been focused on its pharmacological activities, including its antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antihepatotoxic, antiulcer, antiplasmodial, anticancer, wound healing, anthelmintic, antioxidant, analgesic and antinociceptive, hypolipidemic activity, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antidiarrheal activities. Phytochemical studies resulted in the isolation of fatty acids, flavonoids, phenols, pentacyclic triterpenes, hydroxy carboxylic acids, aliphatic hydroxy ether, and cyclopeptide alkaloids.
Conclusions: Most of the ethnopharmacological relevance of Z. oenoplia is justified but more need to be studied. Further investigations are necessary to fully understand the mode of action of the active constituents and to exploit its preventive and therapeutic potentials.
Keywords: Ziziphus oenoplia, Botanical description, Geographical distribution, Ethnomedicinal uses, Chemical constituents, Pharmacological activity
... Cichewitz et al. stated that [5] the plant has anticancer activity and Majumder et al. demonstrated the anthelmintic activity of Z. oenoplia Mill root extract. Kuppast et al. reported [6] the wound healing activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of fruits of Z. oenoplia. Jadhav et al. reported [7] the anti-ulcer activity of Z. oenoplia roots in rats. ...
In this study, we examined the antioxidant, anthelmintic, and cytotoxic activities of methanol extract of Zizyphus oenoplia leaves (MEZO) in both experimental and computational models. Here, the computational study (in silico molecular docking) was carried out to identify the potential lead compounds of this plant for antioxidant and anthelmintic activities. Quantitative phytochemical analysis of MEZO was performed by established methods. Then, in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by using three different experimental models like DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing power, and total antioxidant capacity assays. Additionally, anthelmintic activity was determined using aquarium worm (Tubifex tubifex), and cytotoxicity was assessed by brine shrimp lethality bioassay, whereas molecular docking study was performed by Schrödinger Maestro 10.1. Our phytochemical study exhibited that the plant extract contains a substantial amount of phenols (57.33 mg), flavonoids (116.19 mg), flavonol (59.77 mg), and condensed tannins (287.85 mg) contents. In antioxidant assays, the methanol extract showed strong antioxidant activity in all models. Moreover, the extract exhibited significant anthelmintic potentials against aquarium worm (Tubifex tubifex), while low cytotoxic activities were observed for the plant extract. The present study confirmed that MEZO possesses significant antioxidant, anthelmintic, and cytotoxic properties, which might be due to the presence of high polyphenols contents and one bioactive phytocompound (Zizyphine F) was found to be most effective in the molecular docking study. PhOL Alam, et al. 56 (pag 55-67)
BACKGROUND
The spine of Vallibadara [ Ziziphus oenoplia (L.) Mill.] of family Rhamnaceae are traditionally claimed to manage Mukhadushika (acne vulgaris). In Ayurveda, Avipattikara Churna is known for its Pitta Shamka and mild laxative action. The vitiation of Pitta Dosha and constipation are also contribute to manifestation of acne.
PATIENT INFORMATION AND INTERVENTION
A 19 year old patient presented with complaints of papules and pustules, scattered all over her forehead and cheeks since last one year. The patient also reported constipation and heartburn since many months. She was diagnosed with Mukhadushika and was treated with the local application of the paste of powdered thorn of Z. oenoplia mixed with lemon juice and oral administration of Avipattikara Churna 4 gm twice daily with water for 21 days.
RESULT
Considerable reduction was observed in the scattered papules and pustules on the forehead and cheeks of the patient. Constipation and burning sensation in the chest were relieved after one week. Complete relief in symptoms was noticed after 21 days of treatment. No recurrence of eruptions was observed during the follow-up after 30 days.
CONCLUSION
The external application of spine of Z. oenoplia and internal administration of Avipattikara Churna are effective in the treatment of acne vulgaris.
Artificial preservatives and detergents from time to time have been the cause of side effects. A more radical
approach in dropping the synthetic ingredients is by incorporating herbal extract which functionality good in comparable
with their artificial ingredients. Selection of Zizyphus oenoplia (L) MILL leaves extract was based on its particular properties
such as detergent and antimicrobial actions. This work was designed to formulate a self preserving shampoo having little
concentration of the detergent using Zizyphus oenoplia (L) MILL leaves with emphasis on safety and efficacy of chemical
ingredients and avoid the risk. Formulated and prepared the three different herbal shampoos containing dissimilar amounts
of Zizyphus oenoplia (L) MILL extract, surfactant used is sodium laureth sulfate. Physicochemical, organoleptic evaluation and
tests were performed and compared with herbal marketed product of Himalaya company. The results showed clear
shampoos were formulated in F2 and F3 products and their average pH values were in the range of 5.59-6.25, which were
suitable to hold on to the acidic cover of scalp. Results showed surface tension reduction, stable foam, wetting effect and
good cleaning and have pseudo plastic rheological actions. Besides the aesthetic attributes, for example clarity and lather
were comparable with the marketed shampoos. The foam volume was on a par and formulas showed higher detergency and
foaming effects then the commercial h
p>Data generated through systematic investigation, carried out on the evaluation of phyto-extracts on wound healing research during the last 20 years have been compiled. About 450 plant species having wound healing properties have been identified. The present knowledge of the wound healing process comprise coagulation, inflammation, proliferation, formation and accumulation of fibrous tissues, collagen deposition, epithelialization, contraction of wound with formation of granulation tissues, remodeling and maturation. The constituents of the plant extracts modulate one or more of the above stages. It was the endeavor to identify the active constituents responsible for antimicrobial activity, free radical scavenging properties, stimulators of enhanced collagen production and/or angiogenesis promoters with identification of lead scaffold chemical structures. Multiple phytochemicals concentrated and blended in optimal concentrations, are expected to be available in future years to carry out multi-tasking efforts in wound healing as more knowledge about the properties of the key constituents are unveiled.
This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW . Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.</p
To evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of ethanolic (50%) extract of Ziziphus oenoplia (L.) Mill (Z. oenoplia) root against isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) induced liver damage in animal models.
Five groups of six rats each were selected for the study. Ethanolic extract at a dose of 150 and 300 mg/kg as well as silymarin (100 mg/kg) were administered orally once daily for 21 d in INH + RIF treated groups. The serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (SALP), and bilirubin were estimated along with activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, and hepatic melondialdehyde formation. Histopathological analysis was carried out to assess injury to the liver.
The considerably elevated serum enzymatic activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin due to INH + RIF treatment were restored towards normal in a dose dependent manner after the treatment with ethanolic extract of Z. oenoplia roots. Meanwhile, the decreased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase were also restored towards normal dose dependently. In addition, ethanolic extract also significantly prevented the elevation of hepatic melondialdehyde formation in the liver of INH + RIF intoxicated rats in a dose dependent manner. The biochemical observations were supplemented with histopathological examination of rat liver sections.
The results of this study strongly indicate that ethanolic extract of Z. oenoplia has a potent hepatoprotective action against INH + RIF induced hepatic damage in rats.
The wound healing activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of leaf of Solanum violaceum was evaluated using excision, incision and dead space wound models on rats. For topical application, 5% w/w ointment of aqueous and ethanol extracts was prepared in 2% sodium alginate and for oral administration suspensions containing 35 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL of aqueous and ethanol extract in 1% gum tragacanth were prepared. The parameters studied includes the rate of wound contraction, period of epithelialisation, skin breaking strength, granulation tissue breaking strength, dry granulation tissue weight, hydroxyproline estimation and histopathology of granulation tissue. The results revealed significant decrease in the period of epithelialization (18.22±0.07 and 17.85± 0.04), significant increase in skin breaking strength (568.00±3.11 and 589.17±2.39), granulation tissue breaking strength (543.33±2.12 and 567.53±1.85), dry weight of granulation tissue (53.89±0.55 and 59.33±0.54) and elevated concentration of hydroxyproline in granulation tissue (1982.00±0.58 and 2232.33±0.76) in the animals treated with aqueous and ethanol extract of S.violaceum respectively, indicating the potency of both the plant extracts in promoting the wound healing process. Among the two extracts maximum activity was recorded in ethanol extract followed by aqueous extract. However when compared with the control both the extracts were found to possess significant wound healing promoting activity. The results were comparable with the framycetin sulphate cream used as reference drug.
Ethanolic crude extract of Eclipta alba roots and its four different crude fractions, petroleum ether, solvent ether, ethyl acetate and butanol were subjected to preliminary qualitative chemical investigations. Sterols, alkaloids, proteins and tannins were found to be present. Acute toxicity studies were carried out in albino mice. The ethanolic extract and all other fractions were screened for wound healing properties in incision, excision and dead space (granuloma) wound models in albino rats and the doses were selected from the ED50 values as determined in the acute toxicity studies, administered orally. Ethanol extract and its solvent ether, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether fractions exhibited significant wound healing activity, when compared with respective controls.
Ethanol extract of Piper longum fruits and five different crude fractions, petroleum ether (40-60°), solvent ether, ethyl acetate, butanol and butanone were subjected to preliminary qualitative chemical investigations. The ethanolic extract and all other fractions were screened orally for hepatoprotective activity in adult Wistar rats. The ethanolic extract and butanol fraction have shown significant activity, lowering the serum enzymes glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride when compared to control and Liv-52-treated rats.
