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Current Practices and Emerging Trends in Sexual Abuser Management
... Clients are encouraged to inhale an unpleasant odour that rejects sexual desire or thoughts. This method has helped approximately 10% of adolescent boys and 6% of adolescent girls who participated in the US Neurocorrection Program (McGrath et al., 2010). ...
... -Aversion therapy (Wickramasekera, 1976), also known as therapy for shame (Serber, 1970;McGrath et al., 2010), is used in 15% of adolescent sexual deviations treatment programmes in the USA. According to this approach, clients combine strong shame and/or anxiety with their deviant sexual thoughts and/or recreation of past sexual crimes. ...
... Unfortunately, there is very little research on the use of behavioural techniques to reduce deviant sexual behaviour in adolescents (McGrath et al., 2010). Besides, there are numerous ethical issues with the use of behavioural procedures aimed at reducing deviant sexual arousal in adolescents. ...
The article shows that adolescents are most psychologically vulnerable to multi-vector social influences of today, an abundance of both positive and negative social factors and the declining role of moral values in civil society. Also, it highlights a special role of social workers in the socialization of deviant adolescents. Indeed, it is social workers who ensure cooperation among parents, teachers, law enforcement agencies, social services agencies, psychologists, speech therapists and psychotherapists to prevent juvenile misdemeanours in the framework of value-based education. The areas of socio-psychological assistance provided by social workers to deviant adolescents are prevention and intervention (neurocorrection and coping). To help adolescents cope with deviant behaviour under the guidance of social workers, one must teach them to make choices, assess the consequences of their decisions, regulate emotional processes and organize their lives under generally accepted norms. In the long run, it will become possible to mitigate existing psychological disorders and ensure their socialization. Given the social significance of social work, it is crucial to expand the boundaries of corresponding training by developing interdisciplinary competencies, especially in the field of practical neuropsychology. Finally, the article analyzes the main methods of neuropsychological correction and preventive work with deviant adolescents under the compulsory supervision of social workers.
... The RNR is endorsed by a notable population of professionals across North America (McGrath et al., 2010) and other parts of the world, such as the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Australia (Looman and Abracen, 2013). Interventions that adhere to the RNR principles have reliably led to reductions in sexual criminal behavior recidivism (Hanson et al., 2009) and demonstrated superiority over other treatments that do not adhere to these principles. ...
... A variety of treatment methods exist that are designed to minimize the negative impact of deviant sexual arousal, including the use of pharmacological agents designed to suppress sexual arousal. Across North America, four commonly used medications to suppress sexual arousal are Lupron (Leuprolide Acetate), Provera (Medroxyprogesterone Acetate), cyproterone acetate, and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) (McGrath et al., 2010). Researchers investigating the effectiveness of Lupron have been met with some successdPSOs treated with this medication were found to demonstrate a significant reduction in deviant sexual interests and behavior (Gallo et al., 2019), as well as a reduction in deviant sexual fantasies and pedophilic urges (Raymond et al., 2002). ...
... Other psychotherapeutic approaches may supplement or replace chemical therapies. Cognitive restructuring, utilized in 78.0% of community programs and 75% of residential programs across North America (McGrath et al., 2010) involves identifying sexual offending-related self-statements (e.g., [inappropriate activity] is the best way to show my children I love them), understanding the beliefs that underlie these statements, challenging these beliefs, and developing alternative statements that contrast with this belief. ...
Persons who sexually offend (PSOs) may receive psychological services across forensic, correctional, and community settings. This chapter outlines the processes involved in treating those belonging to this client group. Included in this discussion are considerations such as community safety and the influence of treatment setting, commonly observed treatment needs, empirically validated treatment models, and applications to a case scenario. Notable treatment models include the Risk-Need-Responsivity Model (Bonta and Andrews, 2016) and the Good Lives Model (Ward and Stewart, 2003), as well as the newly emerging Integrated Risk Assessment and Treatment System (formerly titled the Risk-Need-Responsivity-Integrated in Looman and Abracen, 2013).
... The RNR is endorsed by a notable population of professionals across North America (McGrath et al., 2010) and other parts of the world, such as the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Australia (Looman and Abracen, 2013). Interventions that adhere to the RNR principles have reliably led to reductions in sexual criminal behavior recidivism (Hanson et al., 2009) and demonstrated superiority over other treatments that do not adhere to these principles. ...
... A variety of treatment methods exist that are designed to minimize the negative impact of deviant sexual arousal, including the use of pharmacological agents designed to suppress sexual arousal. Across North America, four commonly used medications to suppress sexual arousal are Lupron (Leuprolide Acetate), Provera (Medroxyprogesterone Acetate), cyproterone acetate, and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) (McGrath et al., 2010). Researchers investigating the effectiveness of Lupron have been met with some successdPSOs treated with this medication were found to demonstrate a significant reduction in deviant sexual interests and behavior (Gallo et al., 2019), as well as a reduction in deviant sexual fantasies and pedophilic urges (Raymond et al., 2002). ...
... Other psychotherapeutic approaches may supplement or replace chemical therapies. Cognitive restructuring, utilized in 78.0% of community programs and 75% of residential programs across North America (McGrath et al., 2010) involves identifying sexual offending-related self-statements (e.g., [inappropriate activity] is the best way to show my children I love them), understanding the beliefs that underlie these statements, challenging these beliefs, and developing alternative statements that contrast with this belief. ...
Persons who sexually offend (PSOs) may receive psychological services across forensic, correctional, and community settings. This chapter outlines the processes involved in treating those belonging to this client group. Included in this discussion are considerations such as community safety and the influence of treatment setting, commonly observed treatment needs, empirically validated treatment models, and applications to a case scenario. Notable treatment models include the Risk-Need-Responsivity Model (Bonta and Andrews, 2016) and the Good Lives Model (Ward and Stewart, 2003), as well as the newly emerging Integrated Risk Assessment and Treatment System (formerly titled the Risk-Need-Responsivity-Integrated in Looman and Abracen, 2013).
... Amand et al., 2008). Cognitive behavioral therapies targeting individual-level thought-based behavior change (Dopp et al., 2015;Dopp et al., 2015;McGrath et al., 2010) may not always be supplemented with caregiver and family-inclusive approaches. Findings from a 2008 meta-analysis -with study samples of adolescents up to age 16 revealed that parenting/behavior management components yielded the largest effects on PSB outcomes and null effects when adult model elements were used (i.e., relapse prevention, assault cycle, or arousal reconditioning) (St. ...
... In fact, according to a 2009 survey, approximately 74% of male adolescent programs in the United States are in communitybased settings while 26% are in residential. Furthermore, 55% of adolescents with PSB are treated in community settings and 44% are treated in residential programs (McGrath et al., 2010). There is a significant gap in assessing the promise and utility of trauma-focused approaches for this group across both service settings. ...
While there are multiple risk factors associated with adolescent sexual violence perpetration, childhood trauma and adversity may be one of the most prominent factors. Trauma sequela including regulation deficits, trauma symptoms, and attachment-based disruptions may be key modifiable targets in interventions that aim to impact functional outcomes, yet treatment targets and philosophies of change are not always well defined or not robustly integrated into problem sexual behavior treatment programs for adolescents. Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for problem sexual behaviors among adolescents (TF-CBT for PSB-A) has emerged as a new treatment option for adolescents with histories of victimization or adversity who may concurrently be at risk for or have detected PSB. This study explored the initial feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary promise in providing the enhanced TF-CBT for PSB-A in community-based and juvenile justice settings to youth and their caregivers. Results show feasibility and acceptability of this intervention but found notable readiness factors that warrant consideration. Results also demonstrated statistical significance and positive trends from pre-to post-test on treatment targets. This study offers promise for trauma-specific treatment services among youth and opportunities for strengthening training and implementation.
... More than 500 specialized outpatient and residential treatment programs are currently available in the United States and Canada to reduce the likelihood of recidivism and increase psychosocial functioning among juveniles who have sexually offended (JSOs) (McGrath et al., 2010), with such programming also widely available across Europe (e.g., David et al., 2005;Endrass et al., 2012). Despite this recent international proliferation, few JSO programs have been empirically validated (Dopp et al., 2015), resulting in a lack of contemporary evidence-based practice. ...
... More than 90% of treatment programs for JSOs are based on cognitive behavioral principles, similar to programs for adults who have committed sexual offenses (McGrath et al., 2010). These cognitive behavioral treatment programs incorporate offense-oriented strategies for preventing sexual reoffense, offense responsibility, offense-supportive attitudes, and victim empathy, as well as social skills training (e.g., intimacy/relationship skill building, social problem solving, and emotion regulation). ...
Die Wirksamkeit von spezialisierten Behandlungen zur Verhinderung krimineller Rückfälligkeit bei Jugendlichen, welche sexuelle Grenzverletzungen (Jugendliche mit Sexualdelikten, JS) begangen haben, ist unklar. Obwohl die meisten dieser Behandlungsprogramme auf den Prinzipien der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie basieren, gibt es kaum entsprechende wissenschaftliche Evidenz. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die Wirksamkeit des ambulanten Kurzprogramms, des Forensischen Therapieprogramms für ein angemessenes Sexualverhalten (ThePaS), überprüft. Es wurden zwei Versionen einander gegenübergestellt (ThePaS-I mit spezifischen Rückfallpräventionsstrategien vs. ThePaS-II mit Kompetenztraining). Während keine allgemeine Überlegenheit des ThePaS gegenüber sonstigen/keinen Therapiemaßnahmen nachgewiesen werden konnte, so zeigte sich doch, dass es bei JS, die das ThePaS-I absolviert hatten, nach der Behandlung zu niedrigeren Raten sexueller Rückfälligkeit kam als bei JS, die das ThePaS-II durchlaufen hatten. In Bezug auf die Rückfälligkeit unterstützen die vorliegenden Ergebnisse die deliktfokussierte Version des ThePaS, obschon die kompetenzorientierte Version zu einer schnelleren Verbesserung des psychischen Gesundheitszustandes der JS führte. Die Ergebnisse können weitere methodisch fundierte Studien bei straffälligen Jugendlichen oder Erwachsenen anregen.
... The details of the application of the GLM to sex offender treatment has been spelled out in a series of publications (Ward & Gannon, 2006;Ward & Mann, 2004;Ward, Mann, & Gannon, 2007;Ward & Marshall, 2004;Yates, Prescott, & Ward, 2010;Yates & Ward, 2008). Despite the appeal of this model, as of 2009, only 5.2% of adult community programmes and 2.5% of residential programmes in the United States had identified the GLM as one of the primary models guiding their treatment and none of the others considered it to be among the top three theories best describing their approach (McGrath, Cumming, Burchard, Zeoli, & Ellerby, 2010). In contrast, over 50% of all Canadian treatment programmes considered the GLM to be one of their top three guides. ...
... The latter comment should not be taken to indicate that all the programmes that are described as CBT equally meet standards that would entitle them to claim CBT as their orientation. This is evident from the three most recent Safer Society surveys of sex offender treatment programmes in North America (Burton & Smith-Darden, 2001;McGrath, Cumming & Burchard, 2003;McGrath et al., 2010). As indicated in these surveys, the targets addressed vary considerably across the different CBT programmes. ...
We begin by briefly describing the history of cognitive–behavioural treatment (CBT) for sex offenders up to the late 1990s. This is followed by an account of recent developments, which begins with an outline of Andrews and Bonta's Principles of Effective Offender Treatment . These Risk–Needs–Responsivity principles are described in terms of their relevance to sex offender treatment. The utility of Ward's Good Lives Model (GLM) is noted for a strength‐based approach. We then consider the current status of treatment, noting that effective interventions need to address known criminogenic factors by employing soundly based procedures and by delivering treatment according to established therapeutic principles. We note that despite the widespread popularity of CBT, the evidence indicates that not all CBT programmes are effective, although clearly some are. We point to the evidence on effectiveness and the features of effective approaches. Finally we encourage treatment providers to adopt an approach that integrates the RNR, the GLM, and Motivational Interviewing. With the present state of knowledge, this appears most likely to result in reduced reoffending.
... This significant decline suggests a change in the treatment of juveniles with problematic sexual behaviors. A 2009 survey (McGrath et al., 2010) [4] identified 373 adolescent treatment programs for problematic sexual behaviors, with approximately 18% (n = 98) being residential programs-representing a further decline. Burton and Smith-Darden (2000) [2] suggested that the decrease over time in these treatment programs results from beliefs about the ineffectiveness of treatment and little programmatic outcome data to contradict this belief. ...
... This significant decline suggests a change in the treatment of juveniles with problematic sexual behaviors. A 2009 survey (McGrath et al., 2010) [4] identified 373 adolescent treatment programs for problematic sexual behaviors, with approximately 18% (n = 98) being residential programs-representing a further decline. Burton and Smith-Darden (2000) [2] suggested that the decrease over time in these treatment programs results from beliefs about the ineffectiveness of treatment and little programmatic outcome data to contradict this belief. ...
Juveniles with problematic sexual behaviors are often placed in residential treatment. However, little is known about the effectiveness of such treatments in terms of reducing recidivism or enhancing mental wellbeing. To better understand the impact of residential treatment for these juveniles we conducted a Systematic Review on studies that reported recidivism rates. PRISMA guidelines were followed. 1126 studies were initially identified, with only six meeting the final inclusion criteria. Sexual recidivism rates averaged 5.20% across the six studies, which is similar rates of non-residential treatments. The results suggest that certain client factors predict recidivism, for example youth labeled as obsessive offenders were more likely to recidivate compared to those labeled as opportunistic. Most studies also measured non-sexual crimes post treatment; recidivism rates for sexual misconduct tended to be lower than for other crimes. Despite the significant intrusion of residential treatment centers, remarkably few empirical studies exist to establish their effectiveness in reducing recidivism. The comparable recidivism rates to non-residential treatment programs begs the question of whether residential centers add value beyond outpatient care and suggest that less restrictive interventions may be sufficient. Helping youth evidencing problematic sexual behaviors involves complex dynamics, however caution is recommended on relying on residential treatment.
... More than 500 specialized outpatient and residential treatment programs are currently available in the United States and Canada to reduce the likelihood of recidivism and increase psychosocial functioning among juveniles who have sexually offended (JSOs) (McGrath et al., 2010), with such programming also widely available across Europe (e.g., David et al., 2005;Endrass et al., 2012). Despite this recent international proliferation, few JSO programs have been empirically validated (Dopp et al., 2015), resulting in a lack of contemporary evidence-based practice. ...
... More than 90% of treatment programs for JSOs are based on cognitive behavioral principles, similar to programs for adults who have committed sexual offenses (McGrath et al., 2010). These cognitive behavioral treatment programs incorporate offense-oriented strategies for preventing sexual reoffense, offense responsibility, offense-supportive attitudes, and victim empathy, as well as social skills training (e.g., intimacy/relationship skill building, social problem solving, and emotion regulation). ...
There is ongoing debate about whether specialized treatment is effective to reduce sexual recidivism in juveniles who have sexually offended (JSOs). Although most treatment programs are based on cognitive behavioral therapy principles for preventing sexual offending, accordant scientific evidence is poor. Following CONSORT guidelines, the present study aimed to evaluate two versions of a short-term outpatient treatment program for JSOs in Switzerland: (a) the Therapy Program for Adequate Sexual Behaviors Version 1 (ThePaS-I), which included offending-specific skills training; (b) the ThePaS-II, which included general socioemotional skills training. Based on changes in self-reported mental health, sexual behaviors, victim empathy, and therapist-rated risk, as well as comprehensive data on sexual and general recidivism, we found some similarities regarding the effects of the two treatments. ThePaS-II showed better short-term changes in self-reported mental health than the ThePaS-I. However, JSOs in the ThePaS-I showed lower rates of sexual reoffending (but not general reoffending) after treatment than those in the ThePaS-II. Despite some methodological limitations, the current findings favor offending-specific skills-based therapy over general skills-based ones for preventing sexual reoffenses. The findings may encourage further methodologically sound studies to examine different treatment approaches for juveniles and adults who have committed criminal offenses.
... Because there has been, and currently continues to be, considerable inconsistences in the application of the RNR principles within treatment programs for sex offenders (see survey by McGrath, Cumming, Burchard, Zeoli & Ellerby, 2010), we cannot reasonably cover the array of implementations evident in these various programs. Indeed it would be remiss to do so as the diversity largely derives from the fact that numerous non-criminogenic issues are addressed in so many programs. ...
... As mentioned earlier, there has been, and currently continues to be, considerable inconsistences in the application of the Needs Principle in treatment programs for sex offenders (McGrath,et al., 2010). To some extent this arose as a function of the fact that criminogenic factors relevant to sex offenders were not identified until the early part of the current century (Hanson & Morton-Bourgon, 2005). ...
This chapter begins with brief comments on the history of psychological treatment and then describes the principles upon which effective treatment relies. These empirically derived principles specify the approach to the allocation of resources according to each client’s risk to reoffend (the Risk principle), the issues that need to be targeted (the Needs principle), and the way in which treatment should be delivered (the Responsivity principle). The specific application of these principles in the treatment of sex offenders is then described. The limited evidence on the rate of entry into treatment and on treatment completion is outlined followed by a consideration of the inconsistencies in the application of these principles that is evident in the literature. Evidence supporting a limited number of treatment targets is noted followed by a consideration of the evidence on treatment effectiveness. Finally an alternative empirically-based treatment approach derived from the “positive psychology” literature is outlined followed by a review of the effectiveness of treatment.
... Table 1) Static-99R is the most current iteration of a static risk assessment instrument developed over the last 25 years by Hanson and colleagues providing recidivism prediction estimates for men arrested for, charged with, or convicted of sexual offences. It is currently the most used static risk assessment in the world for men with a history of sexual offending and will be referred to later in this paper (Bourgon et al., 2018;Helmus, Hanson, et al., 2012;Kelley et al., 2020;McGrath et al., 2010). ...
... Having a defensible, organized, and managerially supported assessment methodology provides common templates of risk assessment within the organization, improving communication, understanding, and supporting organizational goals and the mission statement. STABLE-2007 is the most widely used measure of dynamic risk for men with a history of sexual offending in Canada and the United States (Bourgon et al., 2018;Helmus, Hanson, et al., 2012;Kelley et al., 2020;McGrath et al., 2010) and brings a common language of risk communication to jurisdictions that use these instruments. ...
Public safety is the primary reason to assess future risk in men with a history of sexual offending. Over the last twenty-five years our knowledge of, and ability to assess, dynamic risk factors in men with a history of sexual offending has meaningfully improved, but understanding, adoption, utilization, and reasonable implementation of the fruits of this new knowledge is not universal. This article presents a brief overview of the development of dynamic risk assessment for men with a history of sexual offending, primarily following the work of R. Karl Hanson and his associates. This is followed by a review of a meta-analysis on the reliability and validity of STABLE-2007 and two other independent studies that provide useful ancillary information. Utilizing STABLE-2007 with men faced with, or under sanction of indeterminate detention is the focus of this paper and we will review how mental health diagnoses affect recidivism assessment, some concerns about implicit assessment biases, how to employ stable dynamic assessment in secure facilities, address treatment implications resulting from dynamic assessment, and present ideas for future research. I will close by presenting nine (9) arguments why using STABLE-2007 is recommended practice with indeterminate detention populations.
... Sexual history polygraph testing, is an adjunct component of approximately two thirds (67%) of the adult outpatient sex offender treatment programs in the U.S. (McGrath, Cumming, Burchard, Zeoli & Ellerby, 2010). Sexual history polygraph examinations are conducted in an effort to motivate full, accurate, and timely disclosure of sexually deviant behavior (Ahlmeyer, Heil, McKee & English, 2000; Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers, 2004;Emerick & Dutton, 1993;O'Connell, 1998). ...
... The Hanson and Harris (2000) study has been widely cited, with over 1,300 citations in Google Scholar as of July 2024, including 36 citations in 2023 alone, two decades after it was originally published. The study also informed the development of the STABLE-2007and ACUTE-2007(Hanson et al., 2007 sexual recidivism risk tools, which are among the most used in Canada and the United States (Bourgon et al., 2018;McGrath et al., 2010). But given the inherent limitations of case-control studies, how much should we trust the Hanson and Harris results? ...
In 2000, this journal published an influential case–control study identifying dynamic risk factors for sexual recidivism (Hanson & Harris, 2000). In 2017, updated recidivism information for the same sample was obtained with an average follow-up of 20 years. The current study compared the risk factors that differentiated between sexual recidivists and nonrecidivists between the two research designs: original case–control and updated prospective cohort. Of the 82 comparisons, 50 favored the prospective design while 32 favored the case–control; however, most of the differences were small and nonsignificant. Static and dynamic risk factors were approximately equivalent between study designs. Factors identified as sex-specific (e.g., sexual deviancy) were also equivalent between designs while general risk factors (e.g., substance use) were more likely identified in the prospective design. Overall, case–control studies can be used for the identification of risk factors, especially for low base rate behaviors such as sexual recidivism.
... Given that risk assessment tools are more accurate than unstructured judgments, mental health and justice agencies should consider adopting risk assessment tools if they have not already done so. Currently, risk assessment tools are widely used in parole offices (Manchak et al., 2019), custodial facilities (Taxman et al., 2007), forensic units (Khiroya et al., 2009), and treatment programs for sexual offending (McGrath et al., 2010). However, nearly half of risk assessments are made using unstructured judgments (Singh et al., 2014), and even when agencies adopt tools, these implementations show varying degrees of success . ...
We conducted a pre‐registered meta‐analysis of studies that directly compared the predictive validity of risk assessment tools to unstructured judgments of risk for violent, any, or sexual offending. A total of 31 studies, containing 169 effect sizes from 45,673 risk judgments, met inclusion criteria. Based on the results of three‐level mixed‐effects meta‐regression models, the predictive validity of total scores on risk assessment tools was significantly higher than that of unstructured judgments for predictions of violent, any, and sexual offending. Tools continued to outperform unstructured judgments after accounting for risk of bias. This finding was also robust to variations in population, assessment context, and outcome measurement. Although this meta‐analysis provides support for the use of risk assessment tools, it also highlights limitations and gaps that future research should address.
... The GLM's strengths-based, holistic focus has appealed to clinicians working in forensic and correctional settings around the world. Owing to the clinical and research expertise of its architect, the GLM has markedly influenced sexual offending treatment programs (McGrath et al., 2010;Prescott & Willis, 2021;Willis et al., 2014), and has been increasingly applied across offending behaviours and client groups (e.g., street gangs, firesetting, Tyler et al., 2018). As demand for GLM resources and training continues, a question commonly asked yet poorly addressed is does the Good Lives Model work? ...
... In that sense, addressing the importance of the first stage (trust and mistrust) of the Psychosocial Development Theory is essential, as knowledge about the dynamics of this stage can assist professionals in approaching children appropriately (Bishop, 2013). Additionally, some researchers underscored the significance of therapeutic approaches for sex offenders within multidisciplinary teamwork to mitigate the risk of recidivism (McGrath et al., Cumming, Burchard, & Ellerby, 2010). This finding aligns with the Informant 6's response that it is crucial to treat sex offenders to change the way they perceive children. ...
Child sexual abuse presents a global challenge with profound, lasting effects, necessitating a comprehensive approach to effective intervention. This requires a holistic approach and collaboration among social workers, psychologists, jurists, mental health experts, forensic doctors, and others. For this reason, there is an absolute necessity for more studies in that field. Despite the urgency, there is a dearth of evidence-based research guiding prevention efforts and risk mitigation for children in Portugal. The study aims to examine the social work practices implemented by multidisciplinary team members regarding child sexual abuse prevention in Portugal. The study used a qualitative research design, including a sample group of 9 specialists from different fields. Through snowball sampling, the participants were recruited and invited to semi-structured interviews. A thematic analysis was used in the study for further investigations. The study revealed that regardless of their distinct roles, multidisciplinary team members shared a comprehensive understanding of child sexual abuse. The findings underscored a collective effort among teams from different organisations, emphasising the significance of collaboration in establishing a unified approach to mitigate risks and protect children from further harm sustainably. Despite their endeavours, challenges persist, particularly concerning the enhancement of specialist training programs and the development of new prevention initiatives targeting child sexual abuse. It was found that participants proposed strategies to address these challenges, including comprehensive and mandatory specialist training, increased parental engagement, and expanding educational programs. These significant conclusions drawn from the findings directly affect policy and practice. The recommendations, which are grounded in the research's robust findings, offer practical and actionable steps for child sexual abuse prevention in Portugal. O abuso sexual infantil apresenta-se como um desafio global com efeitos profundos e duradouros, exigindo uma abordagem abrangente para uma intervenção eficaz. Isso requer uma abordagem holística e colaboração entre assistentes sociais, psicólogos, juristas, especialistas em saúde mental, médicos forenses e outros. Por isso, há uma necessidade urgente de mais estudos nesse campo. Apesar da urgência, há uma escassez de pesquisas baseadas em evidências orientando os esforços de prevenção e mitigação de riscos para crianças em Portugal. O estudo tem como objetivo examinar as práticas de trabalho social implementadas por membros de equipes multidisciplinares em relação à prevenção do abuso sexual infantil em Portugal. O estudo utilizou um desenho de pesquisa qualitativa, incluindo um grupo amostral de 9 especialistas de diferentes áreas. Através de amostragem bola de neve, os participantes foram recrutados e convidados para entrevistas semiestruturadas. Uma análise temática foi utilizada no estudo para investigações adicionais. O estudo revelou que, independentemente de seus papéis distintos, os membros da equipe multidisciplinar compartilhavam uma compreensão abrangente do abuso sexual infantil. Os resultados enfatizaram um esforço coletivo entre equipes de diferentes organizações, destacando a importância da colaboração na criação de uma abordagem unificada para mitigar riscos e proteger as crianças de danos adicionais de forma sustentável. Apesar de seus esforços, os desafios persistem, especialmente no que diz respeito ao aprimoramento de programas de treinamento especializado e ao desenvolvimento de novas iniciativas de prevenção direcionadas ao abuso sexual infantil. Foi constatado que os participantes propuseram estratégias para enfrentar esses desafios, incluindo treinamento especializado abrangente e obrigatório, aumento do envolvimento dos pais e expansão de programas educacionais. Essas conclusões significativas derivadas dos resultados afetam diretamente a política e a prática. As recomendações, baseadas nos resultados robustos da pesquisa, oferecem etapas práticas e acionáveis para a prevenção do abuso sexual infantil em Portugal. Palavras-chave: Práticas de Serviço Social, Abuso Sexual Infantil, Equipe Multidisciplinar, Prevenção. 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
... However, most of the items in these measures address noncriminogenic issues. It is interesting that most sex offender programs continue to address an array of cognitions that are not in fact criminogenic (McGrath, Cumming, Burchard, Zeoli, & Ellerby, 2010). ...
... Under Terrie Moffitt's (1993) framework, HTTN are theorized to continue engaging in problematic behavior into adulthood if not appropriately treated while an adolescent or a young adult. McGrath et al. (2010) noted that these youth might be more challenging to engage in treatment but need treatment the most. Motivational interviewing techniques may help foster positive change and healthy development for youth in the HTTN group. ...
Developing an empirically derived classification system that accounts for the heterogeneity of youth could benefit the court, probation officers, and clinicians in making informed management and treatment decisions. This study used a latent class analysis to examine histories and treatment needs patterns among 561 youths who engaged in problematic sexual behavior (PSB) from five U.S. states. Three classes emerged and included: (a) low treatment need (LTN) youth without dysfunctional histories, (b) high transgressions and treatment needs (HTTN) youth with histories of conduct problems, and (c) abuse reactive (AR) youth with histories of maltreatment. Over one year, the LTN group had the lowest levels of treatment needs, the HTTN group had the highest, and the AR group had lower sexual and socioecological but higher general behavior treatment needs. Findings from this study can assist in allocating resources and help guide the individualization of interventions for youth with PSB.
... Medication may be offered as needed, e.g. SSRIs to control intense, sexual impulses or urges [28]. Following a multi-systemic approach, in addition to individual sessions and treatment, parents/guardians and institutions are often also included in the treatment. ...
Paedophilic sexual interest is often linked to an emergence during adolescence, but concrete empirical knowledge on its development and early viable treatments remains scarce. The aim of this article is to provide an overview about the current state of research on juveniles with sexual interest in children as well as to introduce the Hamburg Youth Prevention Project (HYPP). The HYPP aims to better comprehend the development of sexual interests in adolescents and seeks to find a basis for improved treatment strategies during this critical developmental period. In this perspective, we outline the framework, goals, and treatment approach for this project. It addresses adolescents who are sexually attracted to younger children or engage in sexual acts with children and who have not yet been in contact with the justice system. The project offers a diagnostic process, anonymous counselling, and treatment. It is grounded in a biopsychosocial perspective on psychosexual development and an integrative family-centred approach. The project is based on the core assumption that in adolescent participants, there is still great flexibility for development, including their sexual interests.
... One of the most widely used measures of dynamic risk for sexual recidivism McGrath et al., 2010), the STABLE-2007 (Fernandez et al., 2014;Hanson et al., 2007), is a 13-item dynamic risk scale for adult males convicted of a sexually motivated offense. The total scores are calculated by summing all item scores (ranging from 0 to 26 or 0 to 24 for individuals who did not offend against a child who was less than 14 years old). ...
Objective: Risk assessment is essential to effective correctional practice. For individuals with contact sexual offenses, many risk tools are available. There are fewer options, however, for individuals whose sexual offending exclusively involves child sexual exploitation materials (CSEM; legally referred to in Canada and the United States as child pornography). Hypotheses: The present study examined the predictive validity of the ACUTE-2007 and STABLE-2007 sexual recidivism risk tools among men with CSEM offenses. We expected these tools to show moderate predictive validity across study groups. Method: We compared the scales’ discrimination and calibration across three groups: (a) 1,042 men with contact sexual offenses against children (baseline comparison), (b) 228 men with exclusive CSEM offending (no contact sexual offenses), and (c) 80 men with both contact sexual offenses and CSEM offenses. Results: We found that the ACUTE-2007 and STABLE-2007 total scores and items had comparable (and often better) discrimination for men with CSEM offending compared with contact sexual offending against children in the prediction of any sexual recidivism, violent recidivism, and any recidivism. Calibration analyses indicated that the overall sexual recidivism rates for the median ACUTE-2007 and STABLE-2007 scores were similar for men with exclusive CSEM offenses compared with men with any contact offending against children. Almost all of the sexual recidivism for the CSEM-exclusive group involved further CSEM offenses. Conclusions: This study supports the use of these tools to rank-order men with CSEM offending in terms of their risk of reoffending and to help direct treatment and management efforts.
... Poor affective commitment leads to the establishment of superficial relationships, which is a risk factor for the perpetration of sexual aggression (Maniglio, 2012). It may be important to address the emotional coldness in intervention programs and not just empathy for victims, which is the case of the current intervention programs (McGrath & Cumming, 2010;Morrow, 2020). ...
The present study analyses the relationship between psychopathic traits, the four facets of psychopathy (i.e., interpersonal, affective, lifestyle, and antisocial), and the type of crime committed (i.e., intrafamilial and extrafamilial child sexual abuse; and nonsexual crimes). The Self-Report Psychopathy Scale – Short Form (SRP-SF) and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale – Short Form were completed by 110 male individuals who sexually offended minors (ISOMs) and 146 individuals convicted for nonsexual crimes. Four binary logistic regression analyses were conducted, controlling for sociodemographic, criminal, and individual variables. ISOMs are less likely to score high in the SRP-SF total score and the interpersonal facet and more likely to score high in the affective facet than individuals with nonsexual crimes. Besides, ISOMs are less likely to have a prior history of alcohol and drug abuse and to have previous contact with the justice system but are more likely to have a history of psychological problems. Therefore, only the prior alcohol and drug abuse history emerged as predictors for ISOMs subtypes. According to our results, psychopathic traits should not be considered in the assessment and intervention of ISOMs, and the focus of the intervention should be on the affective dimension and the level of psychopathology.
... STABLE-2007 was designed to measure stable dynamic risk factors for adult males who were charged with or convicted of a sexually motivated offense (Fernandez et al., 2014;Hanson et al., 2007). STABLE-2007 is one of the most widely used measures of dynamic risk for sexual recidivism (Kelley et al., 2020;McGrath et al., 2010). STABLE-2007, for example, is used by probation officers in England, Ireland, and Wales to identify risk-relevant issues for their case reports and improve their confidence and consistency in decision-making (McNaughton Nicholls et al., 2010;Walker & O'Rourke, 2013). ...
Risk tools containing dynamic (potentially changeable) factors are routinely used to evaluate the recidivism risk of justice-involved individuals. Although frequent reassessments are recommended, there is little research on how the predictive accuracy of dynamic risk assessments changes over time. This study examined the extent to which predictive accuracy decreases over time for the ACUTE-2007 and the STABLE-2007 sexual recidivism risk tools. We used two independent samples of men on community supervision (NStudy 1 = 795; NStudy 2 = 4,221). For all outcomes (sexual, violent, and any recidivism [including technical violations]), reassessments improved predictive accuracy, with the largest effects found for the most recent assessment (i.e., those closest in time prior to the recidivism event). Based on these results, we recommend that ACUTE-2007 assessments occur at least every 30 days and that the STABLE-2007 assessments occur every 6 months or after significant life changes (e.g., successful completion of treatment).
... Er is ook een aantal gedragsinterventies ontwikkeld dat zich rechtstreeks richt op het verminderen van parafiele opwinding en/of het bevorderen van normofiele opwinding. Met name covert sensitization en minimal arousal conditioning worden veel gebruikt [68], vooral in NoordAmerika. Bij covert sensitization doorloopt de patiënt in gedachten de keten van gedrag dat leidt tot het delict, maar voor het delict plaatsvindt wordt de keten abrupt verbroken door zich de negatieve consequenties ervan voor te stellen of zich een succesvolle 'ontsnapping' uit de risicovolle situatie voor te stellen. ...
... Since their introduction, VT measures of sexual interest have been predominantly used to investigate sexual orientation for gender (e.g., Israel & Strassberg, 2007;Rönspies et al., 2015). However, VTs have also been used to assess sexual preferences in terms of age and are one of the most common measures of sexual interest in children used in forensic setting (McGrath et al., 2010). This practice is based on the assumption that a history of sexual offending against children can be a proxy-albeit imperfect-for sexual interest in children, which is what VTs ultimately aim to detect. ...
Relative viewing times (VTs)—time required to view and evaluate sexually salient images—discriminate individuals with a sexual interest in children, as indirectly indexed by their history of sexual offending against children, from those without such history. In an online sample of 652 fathers, we measured VTs and sexual attraction ratings to child and adult images. We assessed participants’ sexual offending history and propensity (self-reported likelihood to have a sexual contact with a child, a non-consensual sexual contact with an adult, and propensity toward father–daughter incest). In contrast with VT studies involving clinical or forensic samples, VTs and attraction ratings failed to discriminate participants with a sexual offending history. VTs successfully distinguished participants with a propensity to sexually offend against children but failed to identify those with a propensity toward incest. Conversely, attraction ratings distinguished participants with a propensity toward incest but failed to identify those with a propensity to sexually offend against children. Correlations between VTs and attraction ratings were small. Results illustrate, for the first time, the distribution of VT measures in community fathers, support the feasibility of online administration of VT tasks to detect propensity to sexually offend against children, and indicate that sexual interest in children and incest propensity are distinct.
... Static-99/R was also reportedly used in over 90% of cases for SVP commitment in the United States (Jackson & Hess, 2007) and preventive detention hearings in Australia (Doyle et al., 2010). Static-99/R was the most frequently used sexual recidivism risk assessment scale in surveys of forensic psychologists and psychiatrists (Neal & Grisso, 2014) and in sexual offense-specific treatment programs (McGrath et al., 2010). Chevalier et al. (2015) surveyed 109 people who used Static-99R for SVP commitment evaluations in the United States. ...
Most risk assessment scales are developed to broadly rank individuals according to their risk to reoffend, not to inform particular legal decisions. Consequently, there is almost always a gap between what the scale measures and the referral question. The present article discusses the most commonly used and researched risk assessment tool for individuals charged or convicted of sexual offenses: Static-99R. This review summarizes relevant history, and psychometric, applied, and legal admissibility information for those who use the scale or encounter its use in court. The first section outlines the development, purpose, and evolution of Static-99R. The second section summarizes interrater reliability and predictive validity. We conducted an updated meta-analysis of 56 studies, whereby Static-99R demonstrated moderate predictive accuracy (AUCs = .68 to .69). The third section discusses field issues. Last, we summarize the tool’s admissibility across 85 legal cases, of which four resulted in inadmissibility and an additional 12 in partial admissibility. We provide suggestions for cross-examination in court. We outline how Static-99R meets Daubert criteria for legal admissibility. Although Static-99R has important limitations, we conclude that it can be useful and informative in legal decisions (caveats discussed) and is demonstrably better than the alternate of not using structured risk scales.
... Thus, all probation officers at each site supervising men with sexual crimes were trained to score SOTIPS. Simultaneously, administrators from the nine sex offender treatment programs working with both probation sites were also contacted and asked to complete the North American Safer Society Foundation survey (McGrath et al., 2010) describing their treatment models and programming. In addition, two focus groups were conducted at each site-one with probation officers and one with treatment providers. ...
Assessment of risk of sexual recidivism has progressed from tools containing only static factors to tools including dynamic (i.e., changeable) risk factors. The psychometric properties and factor structure of one such scale, the Sex Offender Treatment Intervention and Progress Scale (SOTIPS) were explored. Seven hundred and thirty-one men assigned probation for sexual crimes in New York City and Maricopa County, Arizona were administered SOTIPS three times: intake into probation, six months later, and six months after that. SOTIPS showed good internal consistency (Time 1 ω = .87, Time 2 ω = .89, and Time 3 ω = .91), and acceptable inter-rater reliability (for the 26 cases rated in the same month, ICC =.821). An exploratory factor analysis did not result in the original factor structure proposed by the developers; instead, SOTIPS showed two factors: sexual risk and antisocial opposition. This factor structure required the averaging of two items to avoid collinearity. SOTIPS showed temporal invariance indicating that its factor structure and its association to underlying latent variables are consistent over time.
... Group therapy is a standard modality in SOTX programs (McGrath et al., 2010), but many participants wished that interventions had been more individualized. They ex pressed that because not all clients have experienced the same "level of trauma, " nor do those with similar experiences have similar reactions, individualized treatment would allow for each client's needs to be addressed more directly. ...
Background
A growing body of research documents the high rates of trauma among individuals who have sexually offended. Yet the relationship between prior victimization and subsequent sexual offending remained unclear. Objective: By including the voices and perspectives of individuals convicted of sexual offenses, we sought to strengthen professionals’ understanding of the connection between victimization and offending.
Method
This qualitative study used an online survey to collect data from individuals convicted of sexual offenses (n = 195) with the aims of understanding their perceptions of the link between trauma and offending and what they would like sex-offense treatment providers to know about this connection.
Results
Using grounded theory, five major themes emerged from the data analysis: Relationship between Trauma Offending (n = 91), Acknowledging the Connection (n = 57), Specific Effects of Trauma (n = 48), Individualized Treatment (n = 34), and Recognition of Humanity (n = 26).
Conclusions
The participants perceived a strong connection between one’s own victimization and subsequent sexual offending. In addition, they offered specific recommendations for treatment providers, including individualizing treatment with an emphasis on humanity and compassion. Implications for trauma-informed practice and policy are discussed.
... Behavioural arousal conditioning techniques are widely used in North America (McGrath et al., 2009), but (to my knowledge) far less in Europe, if at all. However, recently in Europe and Australia a di erent technique to directly in uence deviant arousal has been used experimentally: eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). ...
Sexual self-regulation problems (SSRP) are considered essential dynamic risk factors for people convicted for sexual offenses (PCSO). This chapter briefly summarizes our current knowledge on treatment interventions that aim to reduce SSRP. Several suggestions are made on how to further increase our knowledge on this topic and expand and refine forensic treatment as well as the evaluation of that treatment. Topics include suggestions for clear and consistent definitions of core concepts; detailed study including various outcome measures; and differentiation of treatment goals with regard to sexual self-regulation, in which the sexual health of the patient could be used as a starting point. Special attention is given to the impact of moral issues surrounding PCSO and their sexuality.
... It has also been proposed that victim empathy, a complex construct including cognitive and affective aspects, is relevant in preventing CSO (Carich et al., 2003). Therapy programs that aim to reduce the risk of reoffending therefore entail interventions to increase victim empathy (McGrath et al., 2010). In line with this, Blake and Gannon (2008) hypothesized that a limited understanding of a victim's emotional state (i.e. ...
Behavioral studies found evidence for superior cognitive empathy (CE) in pedophilic men without a history of child sexual offending (P-CSO) compared to pedophilic men with a history of CSO (P+CSO). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies also point to differences between P-CSO and P+CSO. Neural processing associated with CE has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the neural correlates of CE in subjects with pedophilia with (P+CSO) and without (P-CSO) child sexual offending. 15 P+CSO, 15 P-CSO, and 24 teleiophilic male controls (TC) performed a CE task during fMRI. We observed reduced activation in the left precuneus (Pcu) and increased activation in the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in P-CSO compared to P+CSO. P-CSO also showed stronger connectivity between these regions, which might reflect a top-down modulation of the Pcu by the ACC toward an increased self-focused emotional reaction in social situations. There was also evidence for increased right superior temporal gyrus activation in P-CSO that might constitute a potentially compensatory recruitment due to the dampened Pcu activation. These findings provide first evidence for altered neural processing of CE in P-CSO and underline the importance of addressing CE in pedophilia and CSO in order to uncover processes relevant to effective prevention of child sexual abuse.
... The particular shift in the perceived blameworthiness of this group has been followed by a growth in the nature and the extent of carceral control of this population. Individuals convicted of sexual offenses face unique controls and legal mandates, including registration and residency restrictions (Kras et al., 2018), postconviction polygraph testing (McGrath et al., 2010), registration fees (Makin et al., 2018), and mandated treatment costs (Brett et al., 2020). ...
Monetary sanctions can expand the scope and depth of punishment. Most research on monetary sanctions has centered on fines and fees assessed by the court, but they are also routinely imposed as part of the probation and parole sentence. In this article, we draw on in‐depth interview data from a sample of individuals under correctional supervision to document the often hidden costs of correctional control. We further consider a subsample of participants convicted of sexual offenses to illustrate the unique way that monetary sanctions are levied on groups of people who are considered more morally culpable and worthy of carceral control. We find that monetary sanctions are regularly assessed and challenging for most participants. The stigma of a sexual offense conviction and economic precarity, particularly among Black members of the sample, further the costs of punishment. We contend that costs associated with a sexual offense are unique because they can continue in perpetuity, govern normative behavior, and are centered on an assumption of continued guilt. We argue that the monetary sanctions levied against convicted persons, especially individuals with sexual offenses, demonstrate the often hidden and expansive nature of carceral control for other marginalized groups.
... These programs characteristically do not address all criminogenic factors, nor do they provide treatment resources proportional to each offender's risk level. For instance, survey data (McGrath, Cumming, & Burchard, 2003;McGrath, Cumming, Burchard, Zeoli, & Ellerby, 2010) has revealed that very few United States programs appropriately adhere to these established principles of effective treatment. Instead, many of the details of these programs cling to outmoded models of treatment and target numerous issues that have no criminogenic status in terms of the evidence. ...
This paper describes psychological approaches to the treatment of sexual offenders. The empirically generated principles of effective treatment are outlined followed by the identification of the evidence-based issues that need to be addressed. The established important role of the therapists’ behaviors during treatment is then described along with the effectiveness of recruitment strategies and of tactics aimed at ensuring all entrants complete the program. Meta-analytic reports describing treatment efficacy are considered followed by an outline of the appraisal of the effectiveness of two large scale independent treatment programs. Finally, a brief description of a cost-benefit report indicates that when treatment of sexual offenders effectively reduces re-offense rates, it also saves a considerable amount of taxpayers’ money.
... A significant area of debate within the risk reducing intervention community has been around the significance of empathy as a mediating factor in the commission of an act of abuse. Prior to the turn of the millennium almost all CBT based interventions incorporated direct work to address limitations in empathy and would typically address these limitations by exposing men to the impact of their behaviour via victim accounts (Daniels, 2011;McGrath et al., 2009). Any cognitive distortions associated with the process of victimisation would be challenged with the aim of individuals providing an account of their behaviour that showed concern for their victim. ...
Purpose
This paper aims to argue that to address those factors that contribute to the probability of offending, the origins of such factors should be understood, and interventions that recognise the functional aspects of criminogenic capacities should be developed.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper provides a theoretical basis for trauma sensitive practice by providing an evolutionary understanding of human harmfulness alongside a summary of the impact of adversity and abuse on the developing child.
Findings
The paper proposes an overarching framework that uses compassion-focused therapy for risk reducing interventions with men who cause harm to others.
Practical implications
This paper encourages forensic practitioners to develop a trauma aware approach to intervention design and delivery. The paper provides an overview of a compassion-focused therapy as approach to intervention that conceptualises criminogenic capacities within a more holistic and functional framework.
Originality/value
Forensic interventions have been slow to assimilate evidence from adverse childhood experience research and have therefore been limited in their ability to address the functional origins of criminogenic need. This paper offers a framework that allows practitioners to address risk while also allowing individuals to process their own trauma and adversity.
... Sexual offending has long been recognized as a serious problem with significant impacts on victims, their families, and society at large. Coinciding with this recognition has been the development and implementation of treatment interventions designed to reduce the risk of recidivism, empirical research into treatment effectiveness, and an increase in the availability of treatment programs for sexual offenders (McGrath et al. 2010). Treatment options could be mainly divided into two types: Treatment-as-Management and Treatment-as-Rehabilitation. ...
Voyeurism, exhibitionism, and frotteurism are recognized by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) as sexual paraphilias that involve sexual arousal derived from non-consenting individuals (APA, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 2013). This chapter will focus on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition [DSM-5] definitions of Voyeuristic, Exhibitionistic, and Frotteuristic Disorders. This chapter will be divided into two parts. In the first part, what is known about Voyeuristic, Exhibitionistic, and Frotteuristic Disorders is presented in terms of diagnostic criteria, prevalence, frequency, age of onset, and scope of the problem separately by disorder. However, given the overlap between the disorders and the dearth of research about these paraphilias in general, the second part of the chapter will broadly discuss comorbidity, differential diagnosis, etiological theories, clinical assessment, and interventions for all three paraphilias in tandem and will conclude with recommendations for future research.
The problem of sexual deviance has become a social problem among the people. Several forms of sexual deviance include sexual development which results in type identity disorder, paraphilia, psychosexual dysfunction and others. voyourism becomes sexually aroused by watching an unsuspecting person undress, get naked or have sex, voyourism disorder involves voyouristic urges or fantasies or is distressed by or unable to function because of these urges. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior Therapy to reduce symptoms in patients with Voyourism. The search method is carried out from trusted journal sources and is often used to search for scientific journals, including PubMed, Cochrane, MedlinePlus, Proquest, and Science Direct. The keywords used are "Paraphilic Disorder" AND "Cognitive Behavior Therapy" AND "Symptoms Reduction", journal publications in 2017-2022 with the type of randomized controlled trial, systematic review, meta-analysis. Human research subjects, with English option. The results of the study showed that cognitive behavioral therapy in patients with voyourism disorder has moderate effectiveness in reducing voyourism symptoms and preventing recurrences. The conclusion in this study is that cognitive behavioral therapy can be a therapy and is useful in preventing recurrence of voyourism in patients.
Exploring the application, theory, implications, and socio-legal underpinnings of human rights in probation and associated offender management, this book examines the key imperatives and practices of the Probation Service in England and Wales in relation to the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA).
Outlining how the duties of probation officers are interpreted in light of the HRA, this book refers to applicable principles and case law as a means to present and exemplify the direct operation of human rights law in probation and instances of human rights interferences. Chapters also discuss the infrastructure of Probation to demonstrate challenges of awareness, implementation, and compliance. Based on qualitative studies analysed through a socio-legal lens and the relevant human rights framework, key themes explored include Crime Control and Due Process, which are reflective of the tensions and imbalances experienced between risk or public protection and human rights. The book also includes case studies of Serious Further Offences that have either revealed the shortcomings in the area of human rights in probation or highlighted factors linked to human rights, including scapegoating, cumulative systemic failures, miscommunications, and over-reliance on risk assessments. Finally, it provides clarity as to what the human rights duties of the Service are, what relevant policies may apply alongside the HRA, and how court decisions may affect risk and offender management.
An important and timely study of probation in England and Wales, Human Rights in Probation will be of great interest to students and academics in probation studies, criminology and criminal justice, and human rights. It will also be of value to Probation Officers (including trainees) and other practitioners working in offender management services.
It is unclear whether existing measures of attitudes and cognitive distortions regarding sexual offending against children (SOC) reflect evaluative attitudes toward SOC (i.e., how negatively or positively one views SOC). The purpose of the current study was to take the first steps toward creating a self-report measure of evaluative attitudes toward SOC. We created 30 items and asked 157 incarcerated people in a sexual offense treatment program to complete them. We retained the 13 items that were the least positively skewed (i.e., lowest endorsement of the most negative response option) and non-redundant (i.e., not too highly correlated with other items) for inclusion in the new measure, which we called the Evaluative Attitudes Toward Sexual Offending Against Children (EASOC) Scale. As an initial test of the relevance of the EASOC Scale, we examined its association with SOC. Participants with SOC (n = 58) reported more positive evaluative attitudes on the EASOC Scale than did those without SOC (n = 22). This expected association is a necessary (but not sufficient) indication that the EASOC Scale may be relevant for predicting and explaining SOC. Future research using more rigorous methodology should build on our modest first steps to revisit item selection and test the validity and relevance of the EASOC Scale.
Sexual abuse (SA) perpetration is a significant public health problem; SA perpetration is most likely to emerge during adolescence and youth ages 13 to 17 account for a significant portion of all child sexual abuse. While research shows that these youth have high rates of adversity, once they have engaged in problem sexual behavior (PSB), their own trauma histories are often ignored with treatment primarily focused on reducing risk for reoffending. Although sexual re-offense rates among adolescents with PSB are very low, the rates of non-sexual recidivism are considerably higher; with almost half of known youth have reoffended non-sexually, requiring development, implementation, and testing of therapeutic interventions responsive to the indicated risks and unmet needs of adolescents who have engaged in a range of problematic sexual behaviors (PSB-A) and their families. Yet, there are no empirically supported interventions designed specifically to address PSB-A with trauma histories. This article introduces how Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy can be applied to PSB-A and provides implications for practice and future research.
Note des préconisations scientifiques au sein des articles sources :
Assister à des formations, lire des articles de revues, et même la pratique diligente ne peut garantir l’adhésion à une pratique ou la fidélité à un modèle. La plupart des praticiens souhaitent fortement mettre en oeuvre le GLM avec intégrité. Beaucoup de professionnels ont demandé des conseils pour assurer la mise en oeuvre la plus efficace possible. Dans certains cas, les praticiens ont ouvertement modifié leurs pratiques en quelque chose qu’ils « appellent » le GLM, mais qui ne l’est pas nécessairement. L’objectif est de fournir un outil concret pour surveiller la fidélité des professionnels au GLM.
Cet outil est tiré des travaux scientifiques suivants, avec l’autorisation des auteurs :
Prescott, D.S., Willis, G.M.(2021). Evaluation de la fidélité des professionnels au Good Lives Model (GLM). Dossier spécial « Criminologie de la confiance et Good Lives Model (GLM) » dirigé par E. Dieu, E. Zinsstag, T. Ward. Revue Internationale de Criminologie et de Police Technique et Scientifique, 06/2021. Révisions et traduction par E.Dieu.
Prescott, D.S., Willis, G., Ward, T. (2022). Monitoring Therapist Fidelity to the Good Lives Model (GLM). International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 1–17.
Good Lives Model : https://www.goodlivesmodel.com/
La présente oeuvre n'a aucun but financier, elle est à destination des professionnels / promotion bénévole d'E. Dieu-ARCA. Toutefois, étant protégée par le droit d’auteur, elle ne peut être modifiée ou vendue sans autorisation.
Uuring "Ennast või teisi kahjustava seksuaalkäitumisega noorte mõjutamine kriminaaljustiitssüsteemis" LÕPPARUANNE Kriminaalpoliitika uuringute sari nr 38 juuli 2022
Influencing young people with problematic sexual behavior in the criminal justice system.
The aim of this study was to develop a clear and comprehensive treatment model for dealing with children and young people with problematic and harmful sexual behavior. This included finding an assessment tool suitable for Estonia to assess problematic and harmful sexual behavior of children and young people, determining interventions, and developing a comprehensive treatment model for treating the target group in order to support the target group as effectively as possible and prevent their problematic or harmful sexual behavior. The report is written in Estonian, but includes a short summary in English (pp 6-7).
This chapter presents an overview of treatment approaches for Persons with Sexual Offense Histories (PSOHs). These approaches include those that have been used historically, such as behavioural interventions, and those that have come into use more recently, such as interventions based on the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) Model and the Good Lives Model (GLM). Models that integrate or update aspects of these frameworks are also discussed – one of these is the newly developed Integrated Risk Assessment and Treatment System (IRATS), which has shown promise among high-risk, high-need populations. The chapter also describes subgroups of PSOHs that may warrant additional consideration in treatment. Although heterogeneity exists among PSOHs, groups such as female PSOHs, juvenile PSOHs and those engaged in online sexual offenses may present with unique treatment needs that could be addressed by service providers. For these and other groups, treatment efficacy may depend on factors including the formation of a therapeutic alliance and attention to cultural barriers and histories of trauma. Future considerations for ongoing treatment development are included.
In the decade since the publication of the first edition of The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology, the field has expanded into areas such as social work and education, while maintaining the interest of criminal justice researchers and policy makers. This new edition provides cutting-edge and comprehensive coverage of the key theoretical perspectives, assessment methods, and interventions in forensic psychology. The chapters address substantive topics such as acquisitive crime, domestic violence, mass murder, and sexual violence, while also exploring emerging areas of research such as the expansion of cybercrime, particularly child sexual exploitation, as well as aspects of terrorism and radicalisation. Reflecting the global reach of forensic psychology and its wide range of perspectives, the international team of contributors emphasise diversity and cross-reference between adults, adolescents, and children to deliver a contemporary picture of the discipline.
Post-conviction polygraph testing during sex offender (PCSOT) treatment is common. Ocular-motor deception testing (ODT) uses measures of cognitive load to assess credibility. The accuracy of ODT for discriminating deceptive from truthful response patterns in sexually violent persons was evaluated. Participants chose to ‘steal’ a voucher of monetary value and try to ‘beat the machine,’ or leave the voucher and respond truthfully. Compensation was determined by participants’ choices and the results of the ODT credibility assessment. Experiment 1 (n = 26) established a base rate of deception to optimize the ODT scoring model. Experiment 2 (n = 74) tested generalizability of the results. Tests of noninferiority found observed accuracy rates were not significantly less than published rates of 80%. Results support use of ODT methods as a potential alternative to PCSOT. Legal and ethical issues regarding the use of deception detection technologies impacting individuals involved in criminal justice systems are discussed.
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Analyse concernant la proposition d'un regard complet sur la question du traumatisme au sein des crimes sexuels sous la forme du "Soin Sensible au Trauma" (ou SST) proposé par Swaby et al. au sein de leurs derniers travaux.
Si le traumatisme est scientifiquement étudié et reconnu comme un problème de santé publique, les résultats nécessitent d’être mis à jour régulièrement et présentés aux professionnels de l’intervention de manière pratique. L’infraction sexuelle occupe une place majeure dans le champ du traumatisme, pour les infracteurs comme les victimes, dont certains infracteurs sont aussi victimes. Dans ce cas, quelles sont les théories et pratiques efficaces recensés par le collectif travaillant sur "Sexual Crime and Trauma" dans le traitement des infractions sexuelles en prenant en considération le traumatisme, et comment les professionnels vivent ces pratiques au quotidien ?
Réflexions croisées autour de la réintégration sociale des détenus et la prévention de la récidive.
Ma présentation portait sur les travaux :
- Damon M. Petrich, Travis C. Pratt, Cheryl Lero Jonson et Francis T. Cullen, Custodial Sanctions and Reoffending: A Meta-Analytic Review, Sept.2021, Crime and Justice 50(1)
- « Dosage Probation » (Center for Effective Public Policy, 2014) & Scott W. VanBenschoten, John Bentley, Nancy Beatty, Christopher T. Lowenkamp. (2016). L'application du principe de risque dans le monde réel : est-elle possible dans le domaine de la probation ? Federal Probation, a journal of correctional philosophy and practice. Special focus on: exploring risk of violence.
- Baglivio, et al. (2015). The Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) in the Lives of Juvenile Offenders. Journal of Juvenile Justice
- Andrews, D. A., Bonta, J. et Wormith, S. J. (2011). The Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) Model: Does adding the Good Lives model contribute to effective crime prevention? Criminal Justice and Behavior, 38, 735-755.
- Jeremy Olson , Randy L. Martin & Nadine M. Connell (2020): Satisfaction with life and crime: testing the link, Psychology, Crime & Law
- Jaimee Sheila Mallion & Jane Louise Wood. (oct. 2020). Systematic review of ‘Good Lives’ assumptions and interventions in Aggression and Violent Behavior
- Dossier spécial sur la "Criminologie Positive et Good Lives Model", au sein de la RICPTS, 2021
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.