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Amami park and island tourism: Sea, land and islandness at a site of simulation
Abstract
Amami Park is a nature and culture centre located in the Amami islands in the southwest of Japan. Objects are displayed on one site and marketed for tourists, whether on-island, in the Amami islands or more distant. This article discusses Amami Park in terms of the themes of sea, land and islandness, which emerged as topics for discussion during the research process with regard to how Amami Park represents itself, and the cultural meaning of such presentation and its relevance in the tourist industry. Amami Park offers a range of media through which to showcase the history, nature and culture of the Amami islands, and it offers numerous objects, audiovisual displays and other types of media with much description, representation and celebration of local and archipelagic identity. In this island setting, the article discusses the objects and their presentation, focussing on theme park analysis, cultural tourism and self-representation. Drawing on theoretical ideas pertaining to the notion of “simulation”, as applied to the recontextualization of disparate items in one location, the article shows how this particular nature and culture centre can be viewed as a microcosm of broader social and touristic themes in Japan, particularly with regard to the process of traveling to “other” locations within the domestic tourism industry. The article divides into three main parts that describe, analyze and discuss Amami Park, respectively through an ethnographic and critical lens.
... Oleh karena itu, manusia harus saling mengasihi dan menghormati, dan dapat menerapkan dengan tingkah laku yang baik dan bertaqwa kepada Tuhan (Firwan, 2017); (Ergen, 2019). Nilai moral juga harus dapat menjadi sebuah landasan dalam pengajaran melalui cerita sastra klasik (Johnson, 2016). Adapun nilai moral yang ditemukan dalam sastra Toraja klasik dalam cerita Polo Padang sebagai berikut. ...
... Oleh karena itu, manusia harus saling mengasihi dan menghormati, dan dapat menerapkan dengan tingkah laku yang baik dan bertaqwa kepada Tuhan (Firwan, 2017); (Ergen, 2019). Nilai moral juga harus dapat menjadi sebuah landasan dalam pengajaran melalui cerita sastra klasik (Johnson, 2016). Adapun nilai moral yang ditemukan dalam sastra Toraja klasik dalam cerita Polo Padang sebagai berikut. ...
... A sense of locals being squeezed out of their own homes is emerging, matching the island gentrification felt in other places ( Clark et al., 2007). It could be amplified by trying to accommodate tourists seeking a theme park experience (see the analysis by Johnson, 2016 of the Amami islands, Japan) or a 'genuine' live-with-a-farmer or visit-a-farm holiday (see Lee, 2005 for examples for Taiwan). The same difficulty could occur with trying to organise events or festivals in Smøla to attract tourists, thereby commodifying and packaging heritage (e.g. ...
Tourism in islands and archipelagos provides numerous advantages and disadvantages. This paper analyses a previously unpublished case study of island tourism livelihoods from the archipelago of Smøla, Norway, examining the pros and cons of implemented or proposed tourism livelihoods based on a snapshot from 2008-2009. Smøla’s tourism livelihoods are categorised by nature, technology focusing on the wind farm, fishing and hunting, cultural landscapes, culture, and history. As with many other island and archipelago case studies, the most suitable approach could be tourism-supplemented, rather than tourism-dependent, livelihoods with the principal challenge being finding the right scale for Smøla’s tourism livelihoods. This paper does not provide a theoretical contribution, but adds a spatially and temporally focused case study to the literature.
During the Bubble Economy era, cultural theme parks were constructed in rural Japan for economic rejuvenation. These cultural theme parks or gaikoku mura (foreign villages) embrace foreign cultures and landscapes rather than rollercoasters. They offer Japanese tourists the foreign travel experience adapted and modified for the Japanese market. Set within place-based branding, imaginaries, and authenticity, this paper compares the Eurocentric theme parks of Huis Ten Bosch in Nagasaki and Yufuin Floral Village in Oita. Opening in 1992, Huis Ten Bosch is a large-scale cultural theme park based on Nagasaki’s historical connection to the Netherlands. Recreating Dutch cities and landscapes, it offers hotels, restaurants, shops, and attractions. Within the hot springs area of Yufuin, the Floral Village opened in 2012, modelled after The Cotswolds, UK. Houses with storybook architecture contain souvenir shops and tea rooms featuring characters from British literature and Studio Ghibli anime. Based on site visits, photographic documentation, and qualitative sentiment analysis of comments written by visitors on TripAdvisor, the paper investigates the perceptions of Japanese tourists. They are positive about Huis Ten Bosch with developers having successfully created and branded a Dutch environment, while mixed messages at Yufuin demonstrate the importance of product-market match for these ‘exotic’ attractions.
This paper identifies how British tourists affirm authenticity through visiting socio-industrial cultural heritage attractions. Survey findings of 1,200 interviews with domestic tourists visiting three major British period theme parks highlighted the diversity of perceived authenticity gained by them and, thus, showed the importance of experiential and emotive processes in their interaction with attraction settings. In particular, three distinct thought processes were identified: reinforced assimilation, cognitive perception, and retroactive association. The notion of “insightfulness” is presented as an appropriate characterization of how cultural authenticity is affirmed by individual visitors through the “encoding” of an experience with their own personal meanings.RésuméL'affirmation de l'authenticité: la consommation du patrimoine culturel. Cette étude identifie comment les touristes britanniques affirment l'authenticité en visitant des attractions du patrimoine de la culture socio-industrielle. Un sondage de 1.200 touristes nationaux qui visitaient trois grands parcs à thème britanniques a souligné la diversité de leurs perceptions de l'authenticité et a ainsi démontré l'importance des processus empiriques et affectifs dans leur interaction avec le cadre de l'attraction. En particulier, on a identifié trois processus cognitifs distincts: assimilation renforcée, perception cognitive et association rétroactive. On présente la notion de la “perspicacité” comme une caractérisation appropriée de comment l'authenticité culturelle est affirmée par des visiteurs individuels à travers un “encodage” de l'expérience avec leur propre signification personnelle.
Three orders of simulacra: 1. counterfeits and false images: from renaissance to industrial revolution, signs become mode of exchange, these signs are obviously flase. 2. Dominated by production and series: mass produced signs as commodities, signs refer not to reality but to other signs (money, posters). 3. Pure simulacra: simulacra mask over the idea that there is no reality, reality is an effect of simulacra (disneyland masks simulacra of LA, Prison masks nonfreedom outside the walls).
This book invites the reader to understand how culture is used to regenerate and promote urban and countryside locations, making them into today's visitor destinations. These exhibitory sites are discussed within the context of key social, economic and cultural transformations, including contemporary practices of tourism and travel, strategies of economic development and urban renewal, the turn to living history and interactivity in heritage and museums, and the performance and staging of identities in a globalised world. The book critically discusses how culture becomes transformed in these processes and practices. In each chapter, important theoretical issues are addressed and key debates set out, such as questions of cultural authenticity, commodification, locality and representation.
Japan’s heritage conservation policy and practice, as deployed through its foreign aid programs, has become one of the main means through which post-World War II Japan has sought to mark its presence in the international arena, both globally and regionally. Heritage conservation has been intimately linked to Japan’s sense of national identity, in addition to its self-portrayal as a responsible global and regional citizen. This book explores the concepts of heritage, nationalism and Japanese national identity in the context of Japanese and international history since the second half of the nineteenth century. In doing so, it shows how Japan has built on its distinctive approach to conservation to develop a heritage-based strategy, which has been used as part of its cultural diplomacy designed to increase its ‘soft power’ both globally and within the Asian region. More broadly, Natsuko Akagawa underlines the theoretical nexus between the politics of heritage conservation, cultural diplomacy and national interest, and in turn highlights how issues of heritage conservation practice and policy are crucial to a comprehensive understanding of geo-politics. Heritage Conservation and Japan’s Cultural Diplomacy will be of great interest to students, scholars and professionals working in the fields of heritage and museum studies, heritage conservation, international relations and Asian/Japanese studies.
Music and Tourism is the first book to comprehensively examine the links between travel and music. It combines contemporary and historical analysis of the econom ic and social impact of music tourism, with discussions of the cultural politics of authenticity and identity. Music tourism evokes nostalgia and meaning, and celebrates both heritage and hedonism. It is a product of commercialisation that can create community, but that also often demands artistic compromise. Diverse case studies, from the USA and UK to Australia, Jamaica and Vanuatu, illustrate the global extent of music tourism, its contradictions and pleasures.
The changing patterns of Japanese tourism and the views of the Japanese tourist since the Meiji Restoration, in 1868, are given an in-depth historical, geographical, economic and social analysis in this book. As well as providing a case study for the purpose of investigating the changing face of global tourism from the 19th to the 21st Century, this account of Japanese tourism explores both domestic social relations and international geographical, political and economic relations, especially in the northeast Asian context. Socio-cultural and geographical analysis form the research framework for the book, in three ways: first, there is an emphasis on scale as tourism phenomena and their implications are discussed both in a global context and at the national, regional and local levels; second, the discussion is informed by primary data sources such as censuses and surveys; and third, the incorporation of fieldwork and case studies adds concreteness to the overall picture of Japanese tourism. This book is a significant addition to an area of study currently under-represented in the literature.
South-East Asia is developing rapidly as a tourist destination, but what are the effects of this growth upon the peoples of the region? How far is it possible to control the impact of tourism whilst also supporting the industry's role in the region's development? This book attempts to answer these questions by providing a critical analysis of the nature of tourism as it has developed in the area. It explores central issues such as the impact of tourism on the environment, culture and the economy, placing it within an historical and political context in order to assess the implications of current developments. The contributors use case studies from a variety of countries on such aspects as the sex industry, dream holidays and rural handicrafts, assessing tourist perceptions, both domestic and international, and policy decisions. -from Publisher
This paper identifies how British tourists affirm authenticity through visiting socio-industrial cultural heritage attractions. Survey findings of 1,200 interviews with domestic tourists visiting three major British period theme parks highlighted the diversity of perceived authenticity gained by them and, thus, showed the importance of experiential and emotive processes in their interaction with attraction settings. In particular, three distinct thought processes were identified: reinforced assimilation, cognitive perception, and retroactive association. The notion of “insightfulness” is presented as an appropriate characterization of how cultural authenticity is affirmed by individual visitors through the “encoding” of an experience with their own personal meanings.
Preface. Acknowledgements. 1. Approaching Japan through the Study of Consumption. 2. Consumption and Urban Cultures in the Japanese City. 3. The Context of Desire. 4. Shopping and the Social Self. 5. Gender, Class and the Internationalization of Consumption. 6. Consuming Bodies: Media and the Construction and Representation of the Body. 7. Sites and Sights: The Consuming Eye and the Arts of the Imagination in Japanese Tourism. 8. Theorizing Consumption in Urban Japan. References. Index.
Drawing on a discussion of the Japanese/Ryukyuan concept of shima, this paper attempts to reconsider a fundamental aspect of Island Studies: the cultural dimensions of islands. The term shima, denoting 'island', is interesting in that it embodies a dual meaning - islands as geographical features and islands as small-scale social groups where cultural interactions are densely intermeshed. The Amami Islands of southwestern Japan are marked by their population's deep attachment to their own shima, as enacted through various practices and performances of demarcation. Each shima is a work of territorial imagination, an extension of personhood and a 'cultural landscape'. In this sense, a shima is a sanctuary, in that the natural environment and social space are articulated by the performative in such a way that one imagines them as a totality. Islands are both the ground and product of cultural practices and threats to their viability can thereby be construed as threats to human security more generally.
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