New, rare and lesser-known macromycetes in Moravia (Czech Republic) – IX

Abstract

DVOØÁK D. 2010: New, rare and lesser-known macromycetes in Moravia (Czech Republic) – IX. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 95(1): 143–162. – The authors give descriptions of macro-and microfeatures of 13 rare or lesser-known macromycetes collected in Moravia (Czech Republic). Elaphomyces septatus and Lepiota griseovirens are recorded for the first time in the Czech Republic. Lepiota lilacea and Psilocybe laetissima are published for the first time from Moravia, Coprinopsis spelaiophylla for the second time. Armillaria ectypa has been recollected after almost 50 years, Clavariadelphus truncatus after almost 30 years, and Geastrum berkeleyi after more than 20 years. Biscogniauxia simplicior and Lyophyllum leucophaeatum have only a few recent Moravian localities. Further, Callistosporium pinicola represents a rare, only recently-recorded taxon. Crepidotus crocophyllus has been collected outside its previously-known range in the southernmost part of Moravia. Aleurodiscus disciformis is a critically endangered species that has been collected at several localities in Moravia.

Full text

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Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno)
95(1): 143–162, 2010
New, rare and lesser-known macromycetes in Moravia
(Czech Republic) – IX
VLADIMÍR ANTONÍN1& DANIEL DVOØÁK1, 2
1Moravian Museum, Dept. of Botany, Zelný trh 6, CZ-659 37 Brno, Czech Republic;
e-mail: vantonin@mzm.cz, ddvorak@mzm.cz
2Masaryk University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany and Zoology, Kotláøská 2, CZ-611 37 Brno,
Czech Republic; e-mail: dvorak@sci.muni.cz
ANTONÍN V. & DVOØÁK D. 2010: New, rare and lesser-known macromycetes in Moravia (Czech Republic) – IX.
Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 95(1): 143–162. – The authors give descriptions of macro-
and microfeatures of 13 rare or lesser-known macromycetes collected in Moravia (Czech Republic).
Elaphomyces septatus and Lepiota griseovirens are recorded for the first time in the Czech Republic. Lepiota
lilacea and Psilocybe laetissima are published for the first time from Moravia, Coprinopsis spelaiophylla for
the second time. Armillaria ectypa has been re-collected after almost 50 years, Clavariadelphus truncatus after
almost 30 years, and Geastrum berkeleyi after more than 20 years. Biscogniauxia simplicior and Lyophyllum
leucophaeatum have only a few recent Moravian localities. Further, Callistosporium pinicola represents a rare,
only recently-recorded taxon. Crepidotus crocophyllus has been collected outside its previously-known range
in the southernmost part of Moravia. Aleurodiscus disciformis is a critically endangered species that has been
collected at several localities in Moravia.
Key words. Basidiomycetes, Aleurodiscus, Armillaria, Biscogniauxia, Callistosporium,Clavariadelphus,
Coprinopsis, Crepidotus,Elaphomyces, Geastrum,Lepiota,Lyophyllum,Psilocybe, Moravia, Czech Republic
Introduction
In the course of their mycological field research in various parts of Moravia in recent
years, the authors have found several rare or interesting macromycetes. Some of these are
published in this paper.
Macro- and microscopic descriptions are mainly based on material collected by the
authors. Microscopic characters are described from material mounted in Melzer’s
reagent, Congo-red, c. 5% KOH, and H2O. For the basidiospores, Ødenotes average size,
E the quotient of length and width in any one spore and Q the mean of E-values. In
lamellae, L stands for the number of lamellae and l the number of lamellula tiers between
two complete lamellae.
Authors of fungal names are cited according to KIRK & ANSELL (1992), colour
terminology after KORNERUP & WANSCHER (1983) and herbarium abbreviations after
HOLMGREN & HOLMGREN (1998). Herbarium specimens of the fungi described are
preserved in the Herbarium of the Department of Botany of the Moravian Museum in
Brno (BRNM) and the Department of Botany and Zoology of Masaryk University, Brno
(BRNU), Czech Republic.
ISSN 1211-8788

V. ANTONÍN & D. DVOØÁK
Acta Mus. Moraviae, Sci. Biol. (Brno), 95(1), 2010
144
Aleurodiscus disciformis (DC.: Fr.) Pat. (Fig. 1, Photo 1)
Description. Basidiocarps usually gregarious, stereoid-resupinate, at first small,
orbicular in outline, later more irregular, lobed and elongate along cracks in tree-bark,
usually up to 3×1.5 cm, but occasionally coalescent and appearing in larger patches (the
largest occurring in a specimen from Mokrá – 10.5×7.5 cm), up to 1.5 mm thick, with
narrow (1–2 mm) reflexed margin. Hymenial surface uneven, finely velutinous,
sometimes partly tuberculate, at first smooth, later irregularly cracked, whitish, soon pale
greyish, greyish-beige or pale coffee-and-milk (café au lait) coloured. Context tough,
coriaceous, colour similar to hymenium.
Spores ellipsoid, (15–)16–19×11.5–12.5(–14) µm, Ø= 17.3×12.2 µm, E = 1.2–1.6,
Q = 1.42, ± thin-walled, densely minutely warty, strongly amyloid. Basidia narrowly
clavate, 4-spored, at apex 10–15 µm wide, slightly thick-walled (wall up to 0.5 µm thick).
Cystidia ± cylindrical, at apex moniliform or repeatedly constricted, 7–10 mm wide, thin-
to slightly thick-walled, often covered with rough irregular-rhomboid crystals. Hyphal
system monomitic. Vegetative hyphae densely interwoven, 3–5 µm in diam., thick-walled
to almost solid, sparsely septate, clamped.
Habitat. On bark of living trees of Quercus sp., usually approx. 1–2 m above the ground
or higher, much rarer on dead standing trees or even on fallen trunks (Mašovice, Hády),
in various types of oak forests, usually in warm positions.
Collections studied. Adamov, Josefovské údolí valley, Býèí skála National Nature Reserve, part known as
Slovenská stráò, 31 May 2002 leg. et det. A. Vágner (BRNM 670762; POUZAR 2006). – Brno-Sobìšice, near
tourist trail (red-marked), c. 1.25 km NNE of the centre of the village, alt. 390 m, 16 March 1997 leg. et det.
A. Vágner (BRNM 612539). – Bílovice nad Svitavou, c. 2 km E of the railway station, Zadní Hády Nature
Reserve, in several places, alt. 400–410 m, coord. 49°14′30″N, 16°42′4″E, 24 Apr. 2010 leg. et det. D. Dvoøák
(BRNU). – Bílovice nad Svitavou, c. 2.3 km SE of the railway station, alt. 405 m, coord. 49°13′38″N,
16°41′36″E, 24 Apr. 2010 not. D. Dvoøák. – Bílovice nad Svitavou, Hády hill, c. 0.75 km NE of the top, alt.
415 m, coord. 49°13′31″N, 16°40′53″E, 12 Apr. 2008 leg. et det. D. Dvoøák (BRNU). – Ibid., Hádecká planinka
National Nature Reserve, alt. 420 m, 18 May 1995 leg. et det. A. Vágner (BRNM 603198). – Ibid., 14 May 2003
leg. et det. A. Vágner (BRNM 677321). – Ibid., in several places, 18 Apr. 2008 not. D. Dvoøák. – Ibid., c. 0.3
km ENE of the top of Hády hill, alt. 415 m, coord. 49°13′22.7″N, 16°40′39.8″E, 18 Nov. 2009 leg. et det. D.
Dvoøák (BRNU). – Mokrá u Brna, in forests between Horákovská and Mokerská myslivna lodge, alt. c.
350–420 m, 16 March 2005 leg. et det. A. Vágner (BRNM 695445; POUZAR 2006). – Šemíkovice, Rokytná river
valley, c. 1.5 km SW of the village, xerothermic slope, alt. 330–350 m, 5 Apr. 1995 leg. et det. A. Vágner, rev.
K. Èížek (BRNM 603193). – Podyjí National Park, Mašovice, Mloèí údolí valley c. 2.2 km SE of the village ,
alt. 240–270 m, 28 Apr. 2010 leg. et det. J. Bìťák (herb. Bìťák). – Pouzdøany, forest known as Kolby c. 1.2 km
NE of the railway station, Pouzdøanská Step – Kolby National Nature Reserve, alt. 305 m, coord. 48°56′54.3″N,
16°38′37.8″E, 2 Nov. 2008 leg. D. Dvoøák et J. Bìťák, det. D. Dvoøák (BRNU). – Bílé Karpaty Protected
Landscape Area, Malá Vrbka , E slope of Výzkum hill, c. 600 m W of the church in the village, alt. 325 m,
coord. 48°52′15.9″N, 17°26′53.7″E, 29 March 2008 leg. et det. D. Dvoøák (BRNU; ANTONÍN et al. 2010). –
Javorník, Jazevèí National Nature Reserve 3 km NE of the village, 3 June 2005 leg. et det. A. Vágner (BRNM
695534; POUZAR 2006; ANTONÍN et al. 2010). – Ibid., 28 July 2005 leg. et det. A. Vágner (POUZAR 2006;
ANTONÍN et al. 2010). – Nedašov, Kaòoury Nature Monument c. 3 km E of the village, alt. 610–650 m, 5 Sept.
2009 leg. et det. A. Vágner (BRNM 721587; ANTONÍN et al. 2010).
Remarks. Aleurodiscus disciformis is characterized by light greyish stereoid fruit-bodies
with slightly deflexed margin, usually growing in large groups on the bark of Quercus
spp. (according to the literature rarely also on other substrata: Acer campestre – ANTONÍN
1990; Acer platanoides, Castanea sativa, Tilia cordata, Ulmus minor – KOTLABA 2010).

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Figs 1–13. Aleurodiscus disciformis: 1 – basidiospores. Armillaria ectypa: 2 – cheilocystidia, 3 – basidiospores.
Biscogniauxia simplicior: 4 – ascospores. Coprinopsis spelaiophylla: 5 – basidiospores, 6 – velar cells.
Lepiota griseovirens: 7 – cheilocystidia, 8 – basidiospores. Lyophyllum leucophaeatum: 9 – marginal cells,
10 – basidiospores. Psilocybe laetissima: 11 – basidiospores, 12 – cheilocystidia, 13 – caulocystidia. Scale
bar = 20 µm (but = 50 µm for no. 6).
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Microscopically the large, strongly amyloid verrucose spores are diagnostic. Since the
publication of the Red List of fungi (macromycetes) of the Czech Republic (HOLEC &
BERAN 2006), it has been recorded at several new localities in Bohemia (KOUT 2006,
KOTLABA 2007, 2010, HOLEC 2009). According to the Red List, this fungus is a critically
endangered species (POUZAR 2006). Our records show that in suitable habitats in Moravia
(namely thermophilous Quercus forests), especially in the surroundings of Brno, this
species is probably more common than was generally thought. We agree with KOTLABA
(2007) that Aleurodiscus disciformis will probably be discovered at new localities when
diligently sought after.
Armillaria ectypa (Fr.) Emel (Figs 2–3)
For a macroscopic description, see e.g. TERMORSHUIZEN (1995), and WILHELM
(1993).
Microscopic description. Basidiospores 8.0–9.5(–10)×(5.0–)5.5–6.5 µm, Ø= 8.7×5.8
µm, E = 1.3–1.7, Q = 1.5, (broadly) ellipsoid, obovoid, thin- to slightly thick-walled,
uniguttulate, non-dextrinoid. Basidia 29–40×8.0–11 µm, 4-spored, clavate with (light)
median constriction, clamped; crassobasidia present. Basidioles 18–40×4.0–9.0 µm,
clavate, subfusoid, subcylindrical, clamped. Lamella edge fertile. Marginal cells
30–35×7.0–14 µm, clavate, sometimes irregular, thin- to slightly thick-walled. Pileipellis
a cutis consisting of ± cylindrical, thin-walled, clampless, non-dextrinoid, up to 10 µm
wide hyphae with subhyaline to brownish walls in KOH. Pileus scales of cylindrical to
fusoid, smooth or incrusted, brown, vacuolary pigmented cells; terminal cells
30–72×7.0–12 µm, cylindrical, subulate, fusoid, obtuse. Stipitipellis a cutis composed of
cylindrical, parallel, slightly thick-walled, clampless, brown, up to 6.0(–7.0) µm wide
hyphae. Caulocystidia appressed to erect, cylindrical to fusoid, thin-walled.
Habitat. On soil in a stand of watery moss in a transitional mire.
Collection studied. Jihlavské vrchy Highlands, Horní Vilímeè, V Lísovech Nature Reserve, alt. c. 640–650 m,
coord. 49°14′51″N, 15°16′43″E, 12 July 2009 leg. et det. M. Brom, rev. V. Antonín (BRNM 724496).
Remarks. Armillaria ectypa is characterized by often -indistinct pileus scales, the
absence of an annulus, and growing (mostly singly or in groups) in wet mossy and/or
Sphagnum stands, but never in clusters. It is an extremely rare fungus in the Czech
Republic. To date, it has been collected at only one recent locality (South Bohemia,
Tøeboòsko Protected Landscape Area, Ruda National Nature Reserve, 1997, PRM). The
locality published here represents the second Czech and the first recent Moravian record.
In Moravia, it was collected in a relatively large quantity in the vicinity of Pilský rybník
Pond near Žïár nad Sázavou (Žïárské vrchy Mts., specimens in BRNM; ŠMARDA 1950)
in the 1940’s and 1950’s. However, its habitat in this locality was destroyed by the
construction of a dam. Therefore almost 50 years passed before this fungus was collected
again in Moravia. The species is critically endangered according to the Red List of fungi
(macromycetes) of the Czech Republic (ANTONÍN 2006).
In the literature, this species may be found with two different author combinations
“(Fr.) Lamoure 1965” (e.g. TERMORSHUIZEN 1995; CABI index: http://www.
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Macromycetes in Moravia – IX
Figs 14–17. Crepidotus crocophyllus: 14 – cheilocystidia. Lepiota lilacea: 15 – pileipellis cells, 16 –
cheilocystidia, 17 – basidiospores. Scale bar = 20 µm.
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speciesfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp), and “(Fr.) Herink 1973” (e.g. HERINK 1973;
VESTERHOLT 2008). However, both these combinations are rendered superfluous by the
validity of the combination by Emel (1921; see also VOLK & BURDSALL 1995).
Biscogniauxia simplicior Pouzar (Fig. 4, Photo 2)
Description. Stromata solitary or growing in dense groups, turbinate, contracted below,
often laterally compressed, 13–18 mm long, 7–13 mm wide and 8–11 mm high, margin
irregularly coarsely dentate. Disc ± black, sometimes with purplish hue, with thin
brownish line on the margin, ostioles flat, surface around ostioles finely cracking.
Ascospores 12.5–16.5(–20.5)×5.5–8 µm, Ø= 15×6.35 µm, E = 1.9–2.8, Q = 2.36,
pale brown, dark brown to blackish-brown, usually with one large guttula, ellipsoid-
fusiform, usually with rounded, but sometimes rather acute tops and with straight germ
slit on one side.
Habitat. On sun-exposed sites in thermophilous Quercus or Quercus-Carpinus forests,
always on dying trunks of Rhamnus cathartica of 8–20 cm in diam., usually in wounds
or in scars where branches have broken off.
Collections studied. Bøezník, Oslava river valley c. 2.5 km W of the village, Údolí Oslavy and Chvojnice
Nature Reserve, on slope above the left bank of the river, alt. 340–400 m, 10 May 2008 leg. et det. D. Dvoøák
(BRNU). – Køtiny, south-facing slope in the valley of Køtinský potok stream, c. 1.3 km WSW of the church in
the village, U Výpustku National Reserve, alt. 420 m, coord. 49°17′35.6″N, 16°43′30.8″E, 29 May 2008 leg. et
det. D. Dvoøák (BRNU). – Bílovice nad Svitavou, c. 1.6 km SSE of the railway station, near Šumbera rocks,
alt. 425 m, coord. 49°13′48.3″N, 16°40′54.2″E, 24 Apr. 2010 leg. et det. D. Dvoøák (BRNU).
Remarks. Biscogniauxia simplicior differs from the superficially very similar B. repanda
(Fr.: Fr.) Kuntze in its slightly longer ascospores with unilateral germ slit and growth
exclusively on Rhamnus cathartica (POUZAR 1979, Yu et al. 1998). It was described
rather recently (POUZAR l.c.) and has been discovered in only a few European countries
since. It is known from the Czech Republic, Bulgaria, France, Germany and Slovakia
(POUZAR 1986, FOURNIER & MAGNI 2004). In the Czech Republic, it is considered
endangered (POUZAR 2006b) and is legally protected (ANTONÍN & BIEBEROVÁ 1995). In
Moravia, Biscogniauxia simplicior had previously been published from only two
localities, in Podyjí National Park (Èížov – Hardeggská skála; Podmolí – Ostroh near
Nový hrádek; see VÁGNER 1995, ANTONÍN & VÁGNER 2000: 35).
Additional material from one of “classical” localities (mentioned in the protologue
of the original description) was also studied: Srbsko (Èeský kras Protected Landscape
Area), Koda National Nature Reserve, Císaøská rokle Gorge, 2 Apr. 2008 leg. et det. J.
Holec et D. Dvoøák (BRNU; for details see Holec 2009).
Callistosporium pinicola Arnolds
Habitat. Always on decayed wood of Picea abies: on fallen trunk in mixed forest with
Acer, Fagus, Picea and scattered Abies (Drahonín), on extensively decayed fallen trunk
covered with mosses in mountainous spruce forest (Malá Morávka) and on rotten stump
in mixed forest (U Výpustku NR).
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Macromycetes in Moravia – IX
Collections studied. Bøezina, U Výpustku Nature Reserve, alt. 370–470 m, coord. 49°17′28″N, 16°43′12″E, 18
July 2008 leg. A. Vágner, 10 Apr. 2010 det. J. Holec (BRNM 724703). – Drahonín, Trenckova rokle gorge,
valley bottom (two microlocalities), alt. c. 450 m, coord. 49°24′26″N, 16°15′50″E, 30 July 2009 leg. S.
Kubešová, det. V. Antonín (BRNM 724529). – Malá Morávka-Karlov (Hrubý Jeseník Mts.), in valley of
Moravice stream below Velká Kotlina cirque, alt. 1090 m, coord. 50°3′11.5″N, 17°14′49.2″E, 31 July 2009 leg.
et det. D. Dvoøák (BRNU).
Remarks. Within the genus Callistosporium, C. pinicola differs from similar species in
having small basidiospores and a very distinctive farinaceous smell and bitterish-to-bitter
taste.
The first records of Callistosporium pinicola in the Czech Republic were published
by ANTONÍN et al. (2009), including a detailed macro- and microscopic description. The
species has been found at ten localities to date, five of them in Moravia (Beskydy Mts.:
Salajka; Hostýnské Hills: Tesák; Moravian Karst: Pustý žleb, Suchý žleb; Drahanská
Highland: Coufavá) – all of them after 2004. The new collections published here
therefore represent the 6th through 8th Moravian records. In the Czech Republic, C.
pinicola has been found (with one exception) in old-growth forests (for forest stand
classification, see HOLEC 2008), in ± colder stands (montane or submontane forests and
stream valleys or gorges in the colline belt). The collection from the Trenckova rokle
gorge and Moravice stream valley was made in a similar habitat. U Výpustku Nature
Reserve is situated in a somewhat warmer area if compared with other Czech records
(however, the specimen was collected on a north-facing slope). In other European
countries it has also been found in cultivated forests. For a detailed description and more
information on the ecology and distribution of this fungus in the Czech Republic and
Europe, see ANTONÍN et al. (2009).
Clavariadelphus truncatus (Quél.) Donk (Photo 3)
Description. Basidiocarps at first nearly cylindrical to narrowly clavate, than broadly
clavate with more or less flattened top, 6–8 cm high, 3–5 cm in diam., at the base
narrowed (sometimes rather abruptly) into a 1–2 cm long and 5–8 mm wide stem. Surface
of basidiocarps smooth to finely longitudinally wrinkled, pruinose, ochre-brown to
carneous brown, upper side more coarsely wrinkled, roughened to almost cerebriform,
deep ochre without brown or reddish tinges, the boundary between the sterile and the
fertile surface sometimes rather sharp. Flesh soft and lightweight, almost cottony,
whitish, slightly discolouring pinkish-brown when cut. Taste distinctly sweet when fresh,
slightly bitterish one day after collecting, smell pleasant, fungal. Macrochemical
reactions: 30% KOH – surface carmine pink-red, flesh immediately yellow; 10% FeSO4
– surface olivaceous-green, flesh immediately blue-green.
Basidiospores (9.5–)10–13(–13.5)×(5–)5.5–7(–8) µm, Ø= 11.4×6.5 µm, E =
1.4–2.6, Q = 1.8, very variable in shape: ellipsoid, pip-shaped, subcylindrical to almost
clavate or even slightly rhomboid, usually with prominent apiculus, thin-walled, smooth.
Basidia narrowly clavate, c. 80×10–12 µm. Hyphal system monomitic. Context hyphae
± cylindrical, 7.0–13 µm wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled, clamped.
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Habitat. Mixed forest of Abies alba and Acer pseudoplatanus, undergrowth with young
Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies and Salix caprea, on calcareous ground (limestone).
Collections studied. Vilémovice, Moravský kras Protected Landscape Area, c. 200 m ESE of Macocha Chasm,
near the road, alt. 485 m, coord. 49°22′20″N, 16°43′52″E, 10 Oct. 2008 leg. et det. S. Skeates (BRNU). – Ibid.,
14 Oct. 2008 leg. et det. D. Dvoøák (BRNU).
Remarks. Clavariadelphus truncatus is characterized by its truncate basidiocarp shape
and sweetish taste and by growing in coniferous forests. Young basidiocarps could be
similar to other species of Clavariadelphus: C. pistillaris (L.: Fr.) Donk has a bitterish
taste and grows in broadleaved forests, C. ligula (Schaeff.: Fr.) Donk has more slender
basidiocarps and narrower and more elongate spores.
Despite the fact that Clavariadelphus truncatus is treated as probably extinct (?EX)
in the Red List of Czech fungi and the last specimen was allegedly collected in 1964
(JINDØICH 2006), eight more recent, unpublished collections from the 1960’s and 1970’s
were revealed in the BRNM herbarium: Sobìšice near Brno, 28 Aug. 1966 leg. A.
Vágner, det. A. Pilát (BRNM 246137). – Líšeò near Brno, spruce forest, 15 Oct. 1967 leg.
K. Kadlec, det. K. Køíž (BRNM 483920). – Hvìzdoòovice near Tøebíè, above Steklý
rybník Pond, in spruce forest, in grass on clearing, 14 Sept. 1968 leg. M. Kalina, det. K.
Koncerová (BRNM 483923). – Øikonín near Tišnov, in Libochovka stream valley, spruce
forest with Pinus, 8 Oct. 1970 leg. et det. B. Kasala (BRNM 305596). – Dolní Louèky,
Pinetum, 26 Oct. 1970 leg. B. Kasala, det. K. Køíž (BRNM 483924). – Between the
villages of Dolní Louèky and Øíkonín, in spruce forest, 24 Sept. 1972 leg. F. Šiška, det.
A. Vágner (BRNM 483922). – Katov, 6 Nov. 1974 leg. B. Kasala, det. K. Køíž (BRNM
483921). – Štìpánovice near Tišnov, in forest known as Na Vysoké, in grass among
Rubus idaeus under Quercus sp., 30 Sept. 1979 leg. M. Adlerová, det. A. Vágner (BRNM
483918).
It is obvious that the specimens deposited in the BRNM herbarium were not taken
into account when compiling the Red List. Moreover, one new locality, as cited above,
has now been discovered in Moravia after nearly 30 years. Therefore, Clavariadelphus
truncatus should now be considered as critically endangered in the Czech Republic (CR).
Coprinopsis spelaiophila (Bas & Uljé) Redhead, Vilgalys & Moncalvo (Figs 5–6)
Syn. Coprinus spelaiophilus Bas & Uljé, C. extinctorius sensu auct.
Description. Basidiocarps single. Pileus up to 15 mm broad and 20 mm high with
involute margin when young, then obtuse paraboloid, with uplifted and slightly
deliquescent margin when old, only slightly striate when young, slightly sticky, with
small floccose to thin-membranaceous, dirty whitish to brownish velar remnants only at
centre, otherwise glabrous, white to whitish with brownish centre. Lamellae close, white,
then becoming black. Stipe up to 65×8 mm, cylindrical, enlarged at base, flocculose-
pubescent – entirely so when young, mostly at apex when old, white. Context without
special smell.
Basidiospores 10–12×6–7×6.0–7.5 µm (length×width×thickness), broadly fusoid,
rhomboid-ellipsoid with up to 2.5 µm broad germ pore. Basidia 4-spored, clavate.
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Photographs 1–5. 1 – Aleurodiscus disciformis (Malá Vrbka, BRNU, photo D. Dvoøák). 2 – Biscogniauxia
simplicior (Srbsko, Císaøská rokle, BRNU, photo D. Dvoøák). 3 – Clavariadelphus truncatus (Vilémovice,
BRNU, photo D. Dvoøák). 4 – Lepiota lilacea (Koryèany, BRNU, photo J. Bìťák). 5 – Psilocybe laetissima
(Pavlov, BRNM 710313, photo V. Antonín).
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Acta Mus. Moraviae, Sci. Biol. (Brno), 95(1), 2010
Cheilocystidia 40–100×15–50 µm, utriform, broadly clavate or oblong, thin-walled.
Velum consisting of cylindrical, (broadly) ellipsoid, sometimes curved, thin-walled,
smooth, rarely granulose-incrusted elements.
Habitat. In rotting wood at base of Fagus sylvatica in beech forest (Sidonie), on dead
part of living Quercus petraea tree c. 1 m high above the ground in xerothermic
acidophilous Quercetum (Ketkovice), and on a stem of living Quercus cerris, c. 10 cm
above the ground in thermophilous broadleaved forest (Rendezvous).
Collections studied. Ketkovice, Údolí Oslavy a Chvojnice Nature Reserve, near the ruins of Levnov Castle,
alt. 350–370 m, 22 Oct. 2008 leg. et det. D. Dvoøák (BRNU). – Bílé Karpaty Protected Landscape Area,
Sidonie, Sidonie Nature Reserve, alt. c. 450 m, coord. 49°3′13″N, 18°4′15″E, 14 May 2008 leg. et det. V.
Antonín (BRNM 710030). – Valtice, Rendezvous National Nature Reserve, alt. 200 m, coord. 48°46′0″N,
16°47′30″E, 30 May 2004 leg. et det. J. Burel (BRNM 695299).
Remarks. Coprinopsis spelaiophila is macroscopically similar to Coprinellus
domesticus (Bolton: Fr.) Vilgalys et al. but differs in having a paler-coloured pileus and
different structure of the velar hyphae (ULJÉ 2005). Our collections near the ruins of
Levnov Castle and in the Bílé Karpaty Mts. represent the second and the third Moravian
records and, since Coprinopsis spelaiophila is known from a single locality in Bohemia
(Prùhonický park; BUREL 2006, PRM 835776, PRM 853366), the third and fourth finds
in the Czech Republic.
This species is included as a data-deficient taxon in the Red List of fungi
(macromycetes) of the Czech Republic (BUREL 2006).
Crepidotus crocophyllus (Berk.) Sacc. (Fig. 14)
Description. For a description of macroscopic characters, see e.g. LAZEBNÍÈEK (1970),
RIPKOVÁ et al. (2005) and CONSIGLIO & SETTI (2008).
Basidiospores 6–6.5(–7) µm, ± globose, slightly contracted towards apiculus,
densely finely verruculose, thin-walled, usually with one large guttula, inamyloid.
Cheilocystidia 28–48×9–13 µm, abundant, often sinuous, ± clavate, often with rather
abruptly widened top, sometimes almost subcapitate, exceptionally branched, thin-
walled, clamped. Pileipellis ± a trichoderm made of bundles of ascending to erect,
occasionally branched, thin- to somewhat thick-walled, 10–20 µm wide, strongly
encrusted clamped hyphae, rusty-yellowish in KOH, slightly constricted at septa.
Terminal elements 45–80×7–15 µm, often attenuated apically into short, c. 5 µm wide
appendix.
Habitat. On trunk of Alnus glutinosa lying across a stream in a ravine forest (Lhánice),
on fallen trunk of deciduous tree in an alluvial forest (Studénka), and in Querco-
Carpinetum (Louka).
Collections studied. Lhánice, Mohelnièka stream valley SW of the village, Mohelnièka Nature Reserve, at the
bottom of the valley, alt. 260–300 m, 5 May 2008 leg. et det. J. Bìťák (BRNU). – Louka, Háj u Louky Nature
Reserve, alt. 300–330 m, 30 June 2007 leg. Z. Vávrová, det. D. Dvoøák (BRNU). – Studénka-Nová Horka,
forest known as V Oboøe between the village and W bank of Nový rybník Pond, alt. 240 m, coord. 49°41′52″N,
18°4′12″E, 16 Oct. 2009 leg. et det. H. Deckerová (herb. H. Deckerová).

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Remarks. Crepidotus crocophyllus is easily distinguished by its combination of a rusty
squamulose pileus, a non-gelatinized pileipellis and globose, verruculose spores. The
shape of the cheilocystidia found in our specimens is very appropriate to the description
by SENN-IRLET (1995). Those described by CONSIGLIO & SETTI (2008) are shaped
differently.
LAZEBNÍÈEK (1970) published the first record of Crepidotus crocophyllus in the
Czech Republic. Since then, it has been known almost exclusively from lowland alluvial
forests near the confluence of the Rivers Morava and Dyje in the southernmost part of
Moravia, where it is rather common in places (see ANTONÍN et al. 2000: 60). Other
published localities are the Rendezvous National Nature Monument near Valtice
(FELLNER 1995, POUZAR 2006), the Køivé jezero National Nature Reserve, the Dolní
Mušovský luh Nature Monument and the Plaèkùv les Nature Monument (MACKOVÈIN et
al. 2007), as well as the surroundings of the village of Nejdek (MIKŠÍK 2005). There is a
further unpublished collection in the BRNM herbarium: Bøeclav, alluvial forest c. 2 km
S–SSE of the railway station in town, fallen trunk of broadleaved tree, 26 May 2005 leg.
et det. A. Vágner (BRNM 699728).
In the Red List of macromycetes of the Czech Republic, Crepidotus crocophyllus is
considered critically endangered (HOLEC 2006). The last record, unpublished to date, and
three new localities broaden the known geographical and ecological range of Crepidotus
crocophyllus in the Czech Republic. The collections from Lhánice and particularly from
Louka differ from the previously known habitat of this species in the region. Hence it
may be assumed that Crepidotus crocophyllus is spreading in Moravia.
Elaphomyces septatus Vittad. (Photo 6)
Description. For a detailed macroscopic description see MONTECCHI & SARASINI (2000).
Basidiospores 28–35 µm (without ornamentation), 30–48 µm (including
ornamentation), globose, with up to 2.0-µm-high, finely aculeate ornamentation (aculei
long, slender, almost fibril-like, often with confluent tops – see photo), pale brownish-
greyish in KOH, even when mature.
Habitat. In the upper humus layer of a thermophilic broadleaved forest (Carpinus
betulus, Quercus sp., Tilia sp., with scattered Pinus sylvestris).
Collection studied. Kobeøice near Brno, in the vicinity of the village, alt. 300–350 m, coord. 49°5′N, 16°53′E,
15 March 2009 leg. V. Hrazdil, det. V. Antonín and A. Vágner (BRNM 714651).
Remarks. Elaphomyces septatus is a species with smooth and dark (dark brown to black-
brown) fruit-bodies. It is characterized by very large basidiospores (with E. maculatus the
largest in this group) decorated with distinct aculeate ornamentation. The pale-coloured
gleba and even mature basidiospores are also very distinctive characters.
This is a very rare fungus. MONTECCHI & SARASINI (2000) mentioned only two
herbarium specimens from Italy. It is also known from France (ANONYMUS 2004), Spain
(DOMÍNGUES 2010), and Denmark (VESTERHOLT et al. 2003). It is not included in the most
recent list of ascomycetous hypogeous fungi (VALDA 2009). The collection presented
here, therefore, represents the first record in the Czech Republic.

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Geastrum berkeleyi Massee
Description. For a detailed macro- and microscopic description, see e.g. SUNHEDE
(1989).
Habitat. On humus-rich soil in young Fraxinus excelsior stand (Hrubá Vrbka), in
Querco-Carpinetum (Dražovice) and on bare soil on shaded hollow path (Petrùvka).
Collections studied. Petrùvka, U Petrùvky Nature Monument, 25 Sept. 2007 leg. I. Jongepierová, herb. J.W.
Jongepier. – Hrubá Vrbka, c. 2 km NNW of the village, 29 March 2008 leg. et det. D. Dvoøák, confirm. Z.
Pouzar (BRNU). – Dražovice, forest known as Dražovický hájek wood, 11 Apr. 2010 leg. et det. V. Antonín
(BRNM 724698).
Remarks. Geastrum berkeleyi is a medium-sized species, well defined by the
combination of non-hygroscopic exoperidium, rough, sandpaper-like surface of the
endoperidium, plicate peristome and by growing in humus and nutrient-rich places in
forests and parks. KOTLABA & POUZAR (1987) summarized the distribution of Geastrum
berkeleyi in the former Czechoslovakia and presented one locality in Bohemia and two
in Moravia, with the last Moravian record (Horní Vìstonice, Dìvièky) in 1964. LÁZNIÈKA
Photograph 6. Elaphomyces septatus (SEM photomicrographs of basidiospores, Kobeøice, BRNM 714651).

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(1984, 1989) published two new Moravian localities (Oslnovice; Námìšťnad Oslavou –
probably not supported by herbarium specimens), while four new Bohemian localities
have been discovered in the past 20 years (see SKÁLA 1995, ZÍTA 2005, MIKŠÍK 2005b).
The three finds published here represent new Moravian localities after more than 20
years. At present, Geastrum berkeleyi is known from seven localities in the Czech
Republic.
Geastrum berkeleyi is included as a critically endangered taxon in the Red List of
fungi (macromycetes) of the Czech Republic (KOTLABA et al. 2006). With regard to the
above-mentioned localities, its status might be reconsidered.
Lepiota griseovirens Maire (Figs 7–8)
Description. For a detailed macroscopic description, see e.g. CANDUSSO & LANZONI
(1990), REID (1972), and VELLINGA (2001, as L. poliochloodes).
Basidiospores 7.5–9(–10)×3.75–4.5 µm, Ø= 8.7×4.2 µm, E = 1.9–2.3, Q = 2.1,
spur-shaped, subcylindrical, slightly thick-walled, dextrinoid. Basidia 23–27×7.5–9.0
µm, 4-spored, clavate, sometimes with median constriction, clamped. Basidioles up to
28×5.0–8.0 µm, clavate, (sub)cylindrical, subfusoid. Cheilocystidia 15–30×6.0–9.0 µm,
clavate, (sub)fusoid, thin-walled, clamped. Trama hyphae ± cylindrical or subinflated,
clamped, non-dextrinoid, up to 15 µm wide. Pileipellis a cutis consisting of ± cylindrical,
clamped, smooth or incrusted, ± slightly thick-walled, non-dextrinoid, up to 6.0 µm wide
hyphae; pileus hairs cylindrical, narrowly clavate or subfusoid, slightly thick-walled,
obtuse, up to c. 200 µm long and 15 µm wide, brownish-greenish in KOH. Stipitipellis a
cutis of cylindrical, parallel, slightly thick-walled, mostly incrusted, clamped, up to 6.0
µm wide hyphae. Caulocystidia 15–30×5.0–6.5 µm, appressed to erect, clavate or
cylindrical, obtuse, thin-walled.
Habitat. On soil under Rosa sp. in xerothermic grassland with scattered Robinia
pseudacacia, Prunus mahaleb and Rosa spp.
Collection studied. Miroslav, Miroslavské kopce National Nature Monument, Markùv kopec hill, alt. 280–300
m, coord. 48°56′22″N, 16°18′58″E, 5 Nov. 2005 leg. et det. V. Antonín 05.273 (BRNM 699431).
Remarks. Having spurred basidiospores and a non-hymeniform pileipellis, Lepiota
griseovirens belongs to sect. Stenosporae (J.E. Lange) Kühner (BON 1993). It is also
typical in having a greyish-greenish or greenish-brown pileus. It grows in deciduous and
coniferous (especially Pinus) woods on sandy or loam-rich soils, in coastal dunes, on
river banks, in ruderal localities, etc.
There are two ways in which to interpret the original description of Lepiota
griseovirens R. Maire. We decided to follow M. Bon (BON 1993; for further discussion
see e.g. TOFTS 2002, VELLINGA & HUIJSER 1995). One closely related species is Lepiota
obscura (Locq. ex Bon) Babos [= L. griseovirens var. obscura Locq. ex Bon, L.
griseovirens s. Vellinga et Huijser 1993], which has a darker pileus, a red-orange-tinged
stipe base, larger (up to 10(–11)×4.5(–5.0) µm) and slightly differently shaped
basidiospores, and a less distinct pileipellis underlayer (CANDUSSO & LANZONI 1990, BON
1993). Another species with spurred basidiospores and a green-tinged pileus, Lepiota

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grangei (Eyre) Kühner, differs particularly in its larger basidiospores
((9–)10–12(–13)×3.0–4.2(–4.5) µm).
Under the name Lepiota griseovirens, the species has been published from England
(REID 1972), France (BON 1993), Italy (CANDUSSO & LANZONI 1990), Germany,
Denmark, Poland (ENDERLE & KRIEGLSTEINER 1989), and Switzerland (BREITENBACH &
KRÄNZLIN 1995); it was published as L. poliochloodes from the Netherlands (VELLINGA
2001). In many cases, however, approaches to it are not clear. The collection published
here represents the first published record in the Czech Republic.
Lepiota lilacea Bres. (Figs 15–17, Photo 4)
Description. Pileus up to 3.1 cm broad, at first hemispherical, later convex with low,
broad umbo, surface at first smooth, finely velutinous, soon breaking up into small,
irregular scales, which are pale brownish to dirty pinkish-carneous, later more smoky
greyish on whitish background; margin at maturity sometimes sulcate. Lamellae
crowded, ventricose, free, whitish, edge finely floccose. Stipe cylindrical or slightly
tapering upwards, up to 30×4 mm, silky fibrillose, whitish to pale reddish-carneous,
sometimes with several girdles of small squamules at the base, which are concolorous
with those on the pileus. Ring well-developed, settled in upper half of the stipe, cuff-like,
white from above, brown to dark greyish brown from below. Smell similar to Lepiota
cristata, taste unknown.
Basidiospores 4.5–6.5×(2.75–)3.0–3.75(–4.5) µm, Ø= 5.4×3.2 µm, E = 1.4–2.0, Q
= 1.6–1.7, ellipsoid, ± thin-walled, non-dextrinoid. Basidia 16–20×5.0–7.0 µm, 4-spored,
clavate, clamped. Basidioles 9.0–20×3.5–7.0 µm, subcylindrical, clavate or subfusoid.
Cheilocystidia 17–36×8.0–18 µm, clavate, pyriform, thin-walled, hyaline, non-
dextrinoid, clamped. Trama hyphae cylindrical to subinflated, thin-walled, clamped, non-
dextrinoid, up to 20 µm wide. Pileipellis a hymeniderm consisting of 23–78×5.0–15-µm,
clavate, subcylindrical, sometimes irregular or branched, thin- to slightly thick-walled,
clamped cells with thick-walled parts brown in KOH. Stipitipellis a cutis of cylindrical,
parallel, slightly thick-walled, smooth, non-dextrinoid, clamped, up to 5.0 µm wide
hyphae. Annulus of cylindrical, ± slightly thick-walled, clamped hyphae with terminal
cells similar to cheilocystidia.
Habitat. On soil in detritus under Acer negundo, Fraxinus excelsior, Tilia cordata and
Prunus mahaleb in a xerothermic grassland with scattered Robinia pseudacacia, Prunus
mahaleb and Rosa spp. (Miroslav), under Robinia pseudacacia at a forest margin
(Žarošice), on bare soil in a park under Betula pendula (Brno-Øeèkovice), in a lawn
(Biskoupky) and Cedrus atlantica (Brno, Kotláøská Street), on bare ground in flower-bed
with vegetables (Koryèany), and on a reclaimed coal mine waste tip (Ostrava). However,
it has also been commonly collected in flower pots (Bystrc, Žabovøesky, Kyjov,
Tovaèov).
Collections studied. Ostrava-Mariánské Hory, 3 July 1964 leg. J. Kuthan and J. Veselský, det. J. Herink (PRM
611015). – Tovaèov, secondary school, alt. 200 m, coord. N 49°25′7″N, 17°17′2″E, 25 Aug. 2009 leg. Z.

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Gomolová, det. V. Antonín (BRNM 724683). – Kuøim, forest known as Horka, alt. 340–383 m, coord.
49°17′55″N, 16°31′51″E, Oct. 1944 leg. et det. F. Šmarda (BRNM 325043). – Brno-Èerná Pole, Arboretum of
Mendel University, coord. 49°12′53″N, 16°36′52″E, 17 Sept. 1993 leg. et det. A. Vágner (BRNM 652733). –
Brno, Kotláøská Street, Masaryk University campus, coord. 49°12′19.4″N, 16°35′50.5″E, 3 Nov. 2004 leg. et
det. D. Dvoøák (BRNU). – Brno-Žabovøesky, Stránského Street, alt. 210 m, coord. 49°12′47″N, 16°34′4″E, 25
Nov. 2008 leg. Z. Puváková, det. D. Dvoøák (BRNU). – Brno-Bystrc, Kachlíkova Street, alt. 275 m, coord.
49°13′19.7″N, 16°31′0.6″E, 23 March and 4 Apr. 2009 leg. et det. D. Dvoøák (BRNU). – Brno-Øeèkovice,
grounds of former army barracks, alt. 305 m, coord. 49°15′3.9″, 16°34′25.9″, 2 July 2009 leg. et det. D. Dvoøák
(BRNU). – Biskoupky, near the S margin of the village, alt. 260 m, coord. 49°5′48.6″Ν, 16°16′53.4″E, 1 June
2010, leg. et det. D. Dvoøák (BRMU) – Žarošice, 2 Sept. 1946 leg. et det. V. Vacek (PRM 691499). – Koryèany,
settlement of Èešky, alt. 455 m, coord. 49°5′38.1″N, 17°10′6.1″E, 27 June 2009 leg. J. Bìťák, det. D. Dvoøák
(BRNU). – Kyjov, Strážovská Street, alt. 210 m, in the same flowerpot as in Brno, Stránského Street, 20 March
2009 leg. Z. Puváková, det. D. Dvoøák (BRNU). – Miroslav, Miroslavské kopce National Nature Monument,
part known as U Kamene, alt. 240–250 m, coord. 48°55′53″N, 16°18′13″E, 16 July 2005 leg. et det. V. Antonín
05.46 (BRNM 695496).
Remarks. Lepiota lilacea is especially characterized by a purplish-brown or lilaceous
pileus, a lilaceous stipe in its lower part, well-developed, a cuff-like dark-coloured ring,
small, non-dextrinoid basidiospores and a hymeniform pileipellis. Having these
characters, it belongs to sect. Lilaceae Bon (BON 1993, ZELENÝ 2006).
Lepiota cristata (Bolton: Fr.) P. Kumm. differs macroscopically in generally paler
colours without lilac tinges, while microscopically it is easily distinguishable by its
truncate to spurred, dextrinoid spores. The closely related species Lepiota rubella Bres.
is a smaller fungus with hairy, especially at pileus centre dense, squamules, without an
annulus or with not more than a floccose annular zone, smaller basidiopores
(3.5–5.0×2.5–3.0 µm), and smaller cheilocystidia (15–22×5–6.5 µm, VELLINGA 2001).
Lepiota lilacea is a widespread species, collected in Europe in the south (Italy),
centre (Germany) and north (Denmark, Finland, Sweden) (CANDUSSO & LANZONI 1990,
ENDERLE & KRIEGLSTEINER 1989, LANGE 2008, VELLINGA 2001). It is, however, rare
everywhere. From the Czech Republic, it was mentioned only once by VELENOVSKÝ
(1920–1922), from central Bohemia (near Peruc; ZELENÝ 2006). Material from three
other unpublished Bohemian localities (Praha, Karlštejn, Vodòany) is deposited in the
PRM herbarium. Lepiota lilacea is a highly poisonous fungus (LANGE 2008).
Lyophyllum leucophaeatum (P. Karst.) P. Karst. (Figs 9–10)
Description. Basidiocarps single, turning black where damaged. Pileus 35 mm broad,
broadly conical, with broad, obtuse, central umbo, reflexed and shortly involute at
sometimes striate margin, tomentose to irregularly fibrillose, finely fibrillose-
squamulose, uniformly greyish beige (4C2). Lamellae moderately close, l = 3–4, beige-
greyish with concolorous, smooth edge. Stipe 50×7 mm, cylindrical with clavate, up to
12-mm-broad base, fibrillose-tomentose at apex, longitudinally fibrillose otherwise,
concolorous with pileus but paler, dark brown-grey at base; basal tomentum white.
Basidiospores 7.0–8.5(–10)×3.0–4.0 µm, Ø= 8.0×3.5 µm, E = 1.7–2.7, Q = 2.5,
ellipsoid-fusoid, almost boletoid, finally rugulose or verruculose, ± thin-walled, non-
dextrinoid. Basidia 22–28×6.0–7.0 µm, 4-spored, clavate, sometimes with median

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constriction, clamped. Basidioles 20–28×6.0–7.0 µm, clavate, cylindrical, subfusoid,
clamped. Marginal cells 13–30×2.5–5.0 µm, cylindrical to narrowly clavate, irregular,
thin-walled, clamped. Pileipellis a cutis consisting of cylindrical, ± thin-walled, smooth
or minutely incrusted, clamped, up to 6.0 µm wide hyphae; terminal cells ± cylindrical,
often irregular or branched. Stipitipellis consisting of cylindrical, parallel, slightly thick-
walled, smooth or incrusted, clamped, non-dextrinoid, up to 6.0-µm-wide hyphae.
Caulocystidia absent.
Habitat. On soil in detritus under Picea abies in a montane spruce forest (Tesák), and
under Fraxinus excelsior and Salix sp. in a floodplain forest (Lednice).
Collections studied. Hostýnské vrchy hills, Rajnochovice, Tesák Nature Reserve, alt. 580–630 m, coord.
49°22′19″N, 17°47′27″E, 22 Sept. 2006 leg. F. Janeèka, det. V. Antonín (BRNM 704839). – Lednice, Pastvisko
National Nature Reserve, alt. 161 m, coord. 48°48′43″N, 16°47′54″E, 3 Oct. 2001 leg. et det. Z. Bieberová
(BRNM 724638).
Remarks. Lyophyllum leucophaeatum is one of the blackening Lyophyllum species, a
very distinctive character of which is its finely rugulose or verruculose basidiospores of
an almost boletoid shape. It grows in both broadleaved and coniferous woods in
somewhat wet stands.
Its distribution in the Czech Republic is not fully known. Some recent records come
from South Bohemia (Tábor region) and North Moravia (vicinity of Ostrava, ANTONÍN
2006). This species is classified as endangered in the Red List of fungi (macromycetes)
of the Czech Republic (ANTONÍN l.c.).
We also studied a collection from Slovakia (Nízké Tatry Mts., Liptovská Teplièka,
base of Doštianka Hill, in a bog under Salix aurita and Picea abies, 9 Sept. 2006 leg. et
det. V. Antonín, BRNM 704944), which probably represents the first published collection
in Slovakia (cf. LIZOÒ &B
ACIGÁLOVÁ 1998, ŠKUBLA 2003).
Psilocybe laetissima Hauskn. & Singer (Figs 11–13, Photo 5)
Syn. Psilocybe callosa s. Huijsman (1961), Arnolds (1983)
Description. Basidiocarps single. Pileus (± broadly) conical with distinct, obtuse umbo
within a slight depression at centre, almost applanate when old, inflexed at margin,
slightly sticky to almost dry, glabrous, with fibrillose velar remnants towards and at
margin only, entirely orange-yellow (5B5) when young, then slightly paler (4-5A5), but
always with orange-yellow tinge. Lamellae moderately close, L = c. 30, l = 4–5,
emarginate and with distinct tooth, dirty whitish when young, then becoming ± purplish
tinged, up to grey-brown with purplish tinge with paler and distinctly pubescent edge
when old. Stipe central, 25–45×1–3 mm, cylindrical, slightly broadened at base (up to
5–6 mm), sometimes curved, slightly flocculose at apex, otherwise finely fibrillose,
lustrous, finely fibrillose-squamulose at base, whitish when young, then with yellowish
tinge especially in lower part, fibrillose squamules at base slightly darker then stipe
surface; basal tomentum dirty yellowish. Context with earthy smell.

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Basidiospores 10–12(–13.5)×(6.0–)6.5–7.5(–8.5) µm, Ø= 11.2×6.9 µm, E =
1.5–1.8, Q = 1.6, ellipsoid, ovoid, slightly thick-walled (walls up to 0.5 µm thick),
smooth, brown in KOH, with up to 1.5 µm broad germ pore. Basidia 28–32×11.5–13 µm,
4-spored, broadly clavate, clamped. Basidioles 13–33×5.0–12 µm, clavate, clamped.
Cheilocystidia 26–51×4.0–9.0 µm, cylindrical, lageniform, fusoid, often irregular,
submoniliform, rarely branched, thin-walled, clamped. Trama hyphae cylindrical to
subinflated, thin-walled, clamped, smooth, non-dextrinoid, up to 10 µm wide. Pileipellis
an ixocutis consisting of cylindrical, thin-walled, clamped, smooth, up to 6.0 µm wide
hyphae. Subpileipellis made up of ± cylindrical, incrusted, slightly thick-walled, up to 10
µm wide hyphae. Stipitipellis a dry cutis composed of cylindrical, parallel, ± slightly
thick-walled, smooth or minutely incrusted, clamped, up to 5.0 µm wide hyphae.
Caulocystidia 22–52×4.0–6.5 µm, cylindrical, subfusoid, subulate, regular, irregular,
rarely branched, thin-walled, clamped.
Habitat. In grass on calcareous soil at the margin of a vineyard and in mosses and grasses
also on calcareous soil (Stránská skála rock).
Collection studied. Brno-Slatina, Stránská skála National Nature Monument, alt. c. 310 m, coord. 49°11′26″N,
16°40′26″, 11 Sept. 2001 leg. Bieberová, det. V. Antonín (BRNM 728466). Pavlovské vrchy Mts. (Pálava
Protected Landscape Area), Pavlov, Dìvín – Kotel – Soutìska National Nature Reserve, NW of village margin,
alt. c. 300 m, coord. 48°52′3″N, 16°39′45″E, 18 Sept. 2008 leg. V. Antonín and R. Sullock-Enzlin, det. A.
Hausknecht (BRNM 710313).
Remarks. Psilocybe laetissima is characterized by having a brightly coloured, never
translucently striate pileus, purplish tinged lamellae, moderately large basidiospores, and
cylindrical, (narrowly) lageniform, fusoid, often irregular cheilocystidia. It grows in
open, dry places, whether poorly manured, semi-natural or cultivated, influenced by
human activity.
Generally, this is a widely distributed species throughout Europe. It is known from
Austria, Hungary, Germany (HAUSKNECHT & SINGER 1986), Italy (HAUSKNECHT 1993),
Denmark, Norway, Sweden (VESTERHOLT 2008), France, and the Netherlands (ARNOLDS
1983, NOORDELOOS 1999). The species had previously been found only at one locality in
the Czech Republic (Bohemian Karst, Kosov hill near Beroun, BOROVIÈKA 2006). Our
finds represent the second and third collections in this country and the first ones in
Moravia. It is included as a data-deficient taxon in the Red List of fungi (macromycetes)
of the Czech Republic (BOROVIÈKA 2006).
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank Iveta Hodová (Brno) for kindly providing the SEM
photomicrograph, Helena Deckerová (Ostrava) and Jan Bìťák (Brno) for access to their
collections, Jan Bìťák for supplying the photo of Lepiota lilacea, the curator of the PRM
herbarium for the loan of specimens, and Jan W. Jongepier (Veselí nad Moravou) for
language revision. The research was financially supported by Ministry of Culture of the
Czech Republic grant MK00009486201.

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Acta Mus. Moraviae, Sci. Biol. (Brno), 95(1), 2010
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