No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
Abstract
Regional land use change is an important part of global change. The Bohai Rim is one of the hot spots for socio-economic development in China, so the land use change will be improved greatly. Based on the RS and GIS methods, we analyze the land use information from 1985 and 1995 TM images, then in both spatial and temporal aspects, we analyze the situation of land use change in the region. It is found: (1) The land use changed greatly in the Bohai Rim during 1985Ο1995. The cultivated land decreased by 1 800 000 hm2, forestland increased by 600 389 hm2 and land for housing and other construction purposes increased remarkably in the last ten years. (2) The speed of the land use change in the region was up to 0.85% per year. The cultivated land decreased at the rate of 1.26% per year, land for housing and other construction purposes, water area, and forestland increased at different rates, among which land for housing and other construction purposes and water area were the highest (up to 6. 40% and 6. 95% per year respectively). (3) There were notable differences of land use change among the sub-areas in the region. For cultivated land change, Beijing and Liaoning Province (partly) was the greatest, Hebei Province the smallest. For land for housing and other construction purposes, Liaoning (partly) was the greatest, Beijing the second, Tianjin the smallest in land use change. (4) As to the spatial change, 30% of the area in the region was under the changing process, major types of which were cultivated land turned to be land for housing and other construction purposes, and cultivated land turned to be forestland and grassland. Those types of land were distributed widely and differently in different areas, but mostly near the mountains and in areas joining the town and country. (5) The direction of land use change in the region was to occupy cultivated land for and convert land between forest and cultivated land at different units into that for housing and other contruction purposes. (6) Population growth, urbanization and adjustment of agricultural production structure were the direct causes for land use change in the Bohai Rim.
... The single land use dynamic degree was for the change rate of a certain land use type in a certain time interval. Its formula is as follows [27,28]: ...
... The comprehensive land use dynamic degree: To describe the overall change in land use in the SHB during the 2000-2015 period, the comprehensive land use dynamic degree was selected to show the change speed of all land use types in the study area within a certain time interval. The formula is as follows [27,28]: ...
Reasonable quantitative assessment on urban ecosystem health is conducive to the sustainable development of the economy and human society. This paper quantitatively evaluated the impact of land use change on ecosystem services and ecosystem health by building a comprehensive evaluation system (vigor–organization–resilience–ecosystem services), and then analyzed the spatial-temporal pattern, evolution characteristics, and driving factors in the Shanghai–Hangzhou Bay area (SHB) over the 2000–2015 period. The results show that: the area of cropland and forest accounted for more than 65% and was mainly converted into built-up land in the past 15 years. The overall ESV showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Forest accounted for the largest proportion of the total ESV, more than 60% in each year. The ecosystem health value of SBH decreased from 2000 to 2015. At the city scale, the ecosystem health was significantly deteriorated. All cities reached the lowest value by 2015. At the districts/counties scale, the number with the relatively well or well level decreased from 32 in 2000 to 20 in 2015 by 24.64% of the total area. Overall, inland regions of SBH had better ecosystem health situation than coastal areas. The rapid urbanization of population and economy were driving factors for the decline of the ecosystem health. The indicator system of integrating the vigor, organization, resilience, and ecosystem service for ecosystem health assessment is a potential method which could provide a quantitative and comprehensive way for evaluating ecological and environmental effects in the future.
... Meanwhile, with the advancement of food security research, the focus of LUCC in mainland China has begun to move more to rural and agricultural clusters from 'eco-fragile zones' and 'hot spots', where human activities are extremely impacting (Wang et al. 2012;Song and Wang 2010;Li et al. 2010B;Chen et al. 2003;Zhong et al. 2011;Zhu et al. 2001). The Jianghan Plain is an important region for commodity grains, cotton and edible oil in Central China; its LUCC is directly related to regional and national food security. ...
... The land use transition matrix and change trajectories of each period were established using the PivotTable function of the Excel software. The transition matrix and the trajectories can completely and concretely reflect the structural characteristics of land use change as well as the direction and the amount of conversion of various land use types in each period (Hugalde et al. 2011;Veldkamp and Verburg 2004;Valbuena et al. 2010;Tian et al. 2005;Zhu et al. 2001). ...
The prosperity of farmers is closely tied to governmental policies. The Jianghan Plain is an important region for commodity grains, cotton and edible oil for China. The trajectories of land use and land cover change (LUCC) of the study area from 1995 to 2010 were studied based on the LUCC database of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The LUCC was characterised by a continuous decrease of arable land and continuous increase of waters and construction land. The LUCC was obviously concurrent with the implementation of related national policies. The transition to construction land was ever well controlled by 'Notice regarding the further strengthening of land management and arable land protection' promulgated in 1997. However, it flourished again with the 'Rise of Central China Strategy' taking effect since 2006. The transition of construction land to others reflects an uncommon trend, which must be strengthened with the strict implementation of the overall plan, which imposes a limited acreage quota of construction land to each district. The policies were quite contradictory to the transition of waters. LUCC related to waters is most active, which was driven by both natural forces and national policies. Just after the devastating flood of 1998, the state council of China put forward the Green Policy to govern the major rivers. As to the study area, it is mainly to 'push over dykes to let flood through and return farmland to lakes'. In 2004, the Grain Direct Subsidy Policy was implemented, which, along with the surge in the price of rice, resulted in a strengthening trend of conversion of ponds to paddy fields.
... The primary advantage of this method is that it avoids interference from the size of the administrative districts or cultivated land during the horizontal comparison of administrative divisions, and it can accurately reflect the activity of cultivated land changes in various counties and cities. The formula is as follows [50]: ...
Changes in cultivated land use significantly impact food production capacity, which in turn affects food security. Therefore, accurately understanding the spatial and temporal variations in cultivated land use is critical for strategic decision-making regarding national food security. Since the second national soil survey was conducted in around 1980, China has implemented major efforts, such as a nationwide soil testing and fertilization project in around 2005 and the establishment of the National Standards for Cultivated Land Quality Grading in 2016. However, limited research has focused on how cultivated land use has changed during these periods and the mechanisms driving these changes. This study, using Enshi Prefecture in the mountainous region of southwestern Hubei Province as a case study, examines the spatiotemporal changes in cultivated land use during 1980–2018. Land use data from 1980, 2005, and 2018 were combined with statistical yearbook data from Enshi Prefecture, and remote sensing and GIS technology were applied. Indicators such as the dynamic degree of cultivated land use, the relative rate of change in cultivated land use, and a Geoscience Information Atlas model were used to explore these changes. Additionally, principal component analysis was employed to examine the mechanisms influencing these changes. The results show that (1) the area of cultivated land in Enshi Prefecture increased slightly from 1980 to 2005, while from 2005 to 2018, it significantly decreased; compared with the earlier period, the transformation of land use types during 2005–2018 was more intense; (2) the increase in cultivated land area from 1980 to 2005 was mainly due to deforestation, the creation of farmland from lakes, and the reclamation of wasteland, while the decrease in land area was primarily attributed to the conversion of farmland back to forests and grassland. From 2005 to 2018, the main drivers for the increase in cultivated land were deforestation and the reclamation of wasteland, while the return of farmland to forests remained the primary reason for the decrease in land area; (3) from 1980 to 2005, the dynamic degree of cultivated land use in each county and city of Enshi Prefecture was generally low. However, between 2005 and 2018, the dynamic degree increased in most counties and cities except Enshi City and Xianfeng County; (4) there were significant variations in the relative rate of change in cultivated land utilization across counties and cities from 1980 to 2005. However, from 2005 to 2018, the relative rate of change decreased in all counties and cities compared to the previous period; (5) since 1980, nearly 50% of the cultivated land in Enshi Prefecture has undergone land classification conversion, with frequent shifts between different land classes; and (6) economic development, population growth, capital investment, food production, and production efficiency are the dominant socioeconomic factors driving changes in cultivated land use in Enshi Prefecture. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for the protection and optimization of cultivated land resources in the mountainous regions of southwestern Hubei Province.
... The spatiotemporal change characteristics of different wetland plant communities in the western Songnen Plain from 2016 to 2022 were analyzed based on annual spatial distribution data using the indicators of area change, dynamic degree (DD), and change intensity (CI). The DD can provide insight into the average rate of change and trend of land surface cover types over a certain period [56]. The formula for the single dynamic index is as follows: ...
The composition and dynamics of wetland plant communities play a critical role in maintaining the functionality of wetland ecosystems and serve as important indicators of wetland degradation and restoration. Accurately identifying wetland plant communities using remote sensing techniques remains challenging due to the complex environment and cloud contamination. Here, we applied a sample migration method based on change vector analysis and a random forest (RF) classifier incorporating SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to explore the spatiotemporal changes of wetland plant communities in the western Songnen Plain of China between 2016 and 2022, and to better understand the decision logic of the RF model. Our work achieved accurate annual wetland classification at the community scale, with an average overall accuracy of 89.5% and an average kappa coefficient of 0.87. Our analysis revealed different spatiotemporal change characteristics of wetland plant communities in the western Songnen Plain and three national nature reserves. The SHAP model showed that MOS_IRECI is the most important feature determining the prediction results of the RF model, and the importance of the features differs at global and local levels. This study confirms the feasibility of annual dynamic monitoring of wetland plant communities at a regional scale. The results are expected to provide a reference for the fine and sustainable management of wetland resources in the western Songnen Plain, as well as valuable data support for related wetland ecology research.
... The built-up land expansion differentiation index (BEDI) is the ratio of a region's built-up land expansion intensity to that of all other regions, which can be used to compare the variation in built-up land expansion intensity over time in various regions. It reflects the heterogeneity of the expansion intensity among various sub-regions [46]. Considering the size of mainland China and the resolution of the CLCD, a 30 km × 30 km grid was chosen as the basic unit to calculate the area of built-up land within each grid per year. ...
Coordination between population growth and built-up land expansion is a major challenge for regional sustainable development. This paper proposed a dual indicator approach, which consists of the ratio of the built-up land expansion rate to population growth rate (HLEC) and the change rate of the built-up area per capita (BPR), and explored the dynamics of the human–land coordination relationship in mainland China using gridded population data and remotely sensed land-cover data. Four gridded population datasets (GPWv4, LandScan, WorldPop, and China gridded population datasets) were evaluated using county-level census data from 2000 and 2010, which showed that WorldPop had the highest correlation with the census data, CASpop had the smallest RMSE, and LandScan had the worst performance. The population of mainland China continued to rise from 2000 to 2020, but the average annual growth rate declined significantly. The built-up land expanded across China, with northwestern China experiencing the fastest growth and the eastern coastal regions experiencing a slower rate of expansion. The HLEC was 5.83, and the BPR increased by approximately 50%, indicating that the rate of population growth is lagging behind the rate of built-up land expansion in most regions, with the exception of Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai. Topographical and socio-economic factors have nonlinear effects on the coordination state of the human–land relationship. This approach can be used in areas with no change in population and can better characterize the human–land relationship and its coordination dynamics.
... Land-resource dynamics is a model that reflects the changes in land resource types within a 173 certain time and space, and has positive significance in exploring the driving forces behind the 174 transfer of physical land-resource stock (Wang and Bao, 1999;Zhu et al., 2001). 175 ...
A land resource asset (LRA) table is highly valued by the Chinese government for resource management. However, most of China’s researches on LRA table focused on theoretical construction. The difficulty in obtaining data hinders the practice and promotion of existing methods, and it limits the selection of data for many practical studies. Thus, this study proposes a land value quantification (LVQ) model that is suitable for a large spatio–temporal scale background to solve the above problems. Based on this model, the LRA table in the middle reaches of the Yellow River was successfully compiled. The results indicated that: (1) the assets of regional land resources were in an unbalanced development state; (2) the LRAs in the middle Yellow River had changed frequently; (3) there were significant spatial differences in the distributions of various types of LRAs in the middle reaches of the Yellow River; and (4) topography and soil erosion were the main factors restricting optimal regional land resource spatial allocation. Based on the research findings, this study provides scientific policy recommendations for the optimal allocation and sustainable development of land resources in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. Moreover, the LVQ model proposed in this research provides a model reference for LRA accounting with large spatial and temporal scales in China and similar regions.
... The relative change rate of land-use type change is built on the basis of the change rate index. It is the ratio of the change rate of land use type in target areas to the change rate of land use type change in the study area, which is a hot spot area for analyzing differences in specific land use type change and specific land use type change within the study area [34]. The calculation model of the relative change rate of land use is as follows: ...
Land use change has been one of the common problems in the context of urbanization in China. Social economy and land use interact with each other, and it is especially important for human society to adhere to sustainable development, and to deal with the contradictory relationship between the social–economic needs and land use change. The objectives of this study are: (1) Obtain time-series land-use classification data and its spatial distribution in Nanchang City; (2) Identify the characteristics and driving force of spatial–temporal land use changes in Nanchang City from 2000 to 2020; (3) Discuss the relationship between the urban expansion and social economy in Nanchang City. The results show that the spatial distribution of land use in Nanchang City has changed significantly from 2000 to 2020, and the largest area of land-use type in Nanchang City has been cropland. The cropland has continuously declined, and the urban area has increased significantly. A lot of cropland has been transformed into urban areas, and land use degree in Nanchang City has significantly increased. The spatial pattern of land use has greatly changed, and the city spatial pattern has become more aggregated, while the spatial distribution of cropland, forest and grassland has become more fragmented. Moreover, there has been an obvious correlation between social-economic development and the level of land use, and GDP has been the main driver of land use change. The central urban area of Nanchang city has been the main hotspot of land use change.
... The importance value is used to describe the importance of the types of changes in the study area, which reveals the dominant types of land use changes and reflects the reverse of land use function changes in the study area [60] (Equation 2). ...
... Therefore, a single land-use dynamic degree is selected to express changes in a certain land-use type within a certain time range in the study area. This single land-use dynamic degree is expressed as an annual rate of change [8,9,37], as follows: ...
Small island countries in the South Pacific are ecologically fragile areas, vulnerable to climate change, and the long-term ecological changes in the sea and land have an important impact on their sustainable development. This study takes Fiji, a typical small island country in the South Pacific, as an example, to analyze the change and connection of marine and terrestrial ecosystem environments based on 30 years of multi-source, satellite, remote-sensing data. From 1991 to 2019, according to the change in forest area in Fiji, three stages were delineated: first was a period of stability, then a decrease, and then a recovery in recent years. From 1991 to 2002, Fiji’s vegetation accounted for 73% of the total area; sea environment surrounding the islands, such as sea level height and sea surface temperature, were relatively low, with high water transparency. From 2002 to 2014, with the development of forestry and tourism, vegetation decreased by 6.89% and bare land increased, which changes the runoff erosion in the drainage basin; correspondingly, the chlorophyll a concentration in three major estuaries was found to be slightly increased with low water transparency. Meanwhile, coupled with the rising sea temperature, the area of Fiji’s coral reefs shrank significantly, with 51.13% of the total loss of coral reefs occurring in the Vanua Levu, where bare land and runoff were more distributed in its drainage basin. From 2014 to 2019, Fiji’s vegetation and coral reef areas recovered from the former stage; affected by short-term climate oscillations such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the sea surface temperature showed a significant abnormal drop and the water transparency decreased. In the past 30 years (1993–2018), the sea level rise rate around Fiji reached 4 mm/year, and the temperature increased by 0.3 °C, which threatens the coastal ecosystem environment, including coral reefs and mangrove; inappropriate land-use change would worsen the situation in these ecologically fragile areas.
... Different areas are affected by the natural background as well as the directional influence of social and economic development. Most of the relevant research has shown that the comprehensive land use dynamics of the buffer zone decreases with the increase in the distance from the road [40,41]. The results of this paper on the comprehensive dynamics of land use in the Kunming-Bangkok Highway buffer zone indicate whether it is before the operation of the Kunming-Bangkok Highway or after a period of operation. ...
Road construction fragments the landscape, reduces connectivity, and drives land use changes. To our knowledge, little is known about the scope and intensity of the effects of cross-border roads on changes in land use. Here, with the land use data products provided by the US Agency for International Development’s SERVIR Mekong project, using the GIS-based spatial analysis to quantitatively analyze and compare the effects of the cross-border road on land use changes within a 30 km buffer area along the Kunming–Bangkok Highway between Laos and Thailand. The results show the following: The greater the distance was from the highway, the smaller were the overall changes in land use within the buffer zone. A comparison of the situation before and after the road was opened in 2013 revealed significant differences in the most influential land use types of agricultural expansion, i.e., from 47.07% to 52.07% (the buffer zone was 1 km). In particular, 57.32% (1381.93 ha) and 40.08% (966.46 ha) of the land occupied by forests had been converted into land for plantation and agriculture, respectively, from 2013 to 2018. The scope of the impact of the operational route on the dynamics of land use was inconsistent. The largest impact before the road became operational was within 4 km of the buffer zone (0.26 to 0.24). Once the road had been opened, the range of its impact was beyond 10 km (0.63 to 0.57). The work here can provide a scientific basis for regional transportation planning and the sustainable use of land resources.
... Relative change rate of land use type. The relative change rate of land use type describes the change of a land use type in a certain area relative to the land use type of the whole study area, and is a reflection of the difference in land use area [15]. The calculation formula is: ...
The paper finished the land use time series changes atlas analysis, spatial series changes atlas analysis and the fluctuation potential map analysis of Yiyang city by using the land use data in 2005, 2010 and 2014. The results show that: (1) during the period from 2005 to 2014, the land use situation in Yiyang changed greatly, the area of construction land and water continued to increase, the garden area was decreasing, the area of cultivated land increased first and then decreased, meanwhile the area of woodland first decreased and then increased, and the area of cultivated land and woodland decreased as a whole. In the newly added area, the cultivated area rose the strongest, followed by woodland and water. In the shrinking area, the woodland area decreased most significantly, followed by cultivated land and the construction land area transfer rate was relatively low. (2) On the land use change amplitude and velocity view, the most obvious growth type of land use in Yiyang is construction land, and the scale of construction land expansion in Anhua County is relatively large. Then followed by water area, in which the maximum growth rate is in Heshan District and the next is in Anhua County. The other types of land use were all reduced.(3) From the analysis of relative change rate of land use type, the regional difference of land use type change in Yiyang is remarkable. In the last ten years, the biggest increasing range of construction land and cultivated land is in Anhua County relative to the whole city, and the biggest garden land increasing rate appears in Nanxian County. There is relatively great difference in forest land increasing rate, the biggest rate appears in Ziyang District, The difference in relative rates of change in waters is small, except the Heshan District and Anhua County have relative large variations, the changes in other parts of water with the relatively consistent.
... To examine the dynamic characteristics of land use in rural settlements, we measured the change rate and restructuring ratio of rural land. Following Liu, Wu and Shen (2000) and Zhu, Li and He (2001), the rates of expansion and restructuring of rural settlements were calculated as follows: ...
... The value of the functional change ( ) represents how important a certain type of land function change is compared with other types of change in the study area. It is able to identify the dominant trend of land function change (Zhu et al. 2001). The calculation can be expressed as follows: ...
Spatial perspectives were applied to examine the processes of growth and development in rural settlements affected by tourism. Based on field surveys and GIS spatial analysis methods, we studied the spatial evolution of two villages (Jiaojiekou and Gougezhuang) in the Yesanpo tourist area over the last 25 years. The results revealed a polarization trend, with Jiaojiekou becoming a ‘hollowed’ village and Gougezhuang developing into a ‘new-type’ tourist town. This polarization indicates the unsustainability of rural development in tourist destinations, which is manifested by the following features: only some villages benefit from the development of tourism; there is simultaneously a shortage of land in tourist villages and a wastage of land in traditional villages; and the function of the villages is deficient. Nevertheless, the spillover of the effects of tourism may provide an opportunity for the development of traditional villages. To better utilize this opportunity, we propose that: (1) integrated rural tourism management should be developed to explore effective methods of promoting tourism as part of a rural development strategy; (2) different land use policies are required for different villages; and (3) the balance between government regulation and community participation should be emphasized. © 2015, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
... Value of the functional change (IV), represents how important a certain type of land function change is compared with other types in the research area and can be used to reveal the dominant trend of land function change (Zhu et al., 2001). This index can be calculated as follows: ...
Rural tourism has become an important driving force of rural urbanization in China. As the main reception base and important tourism attraction, tourism village is the core element of the tourism destination system. Integrating the method of PRA (Participatory Rural Assessment), GIS technology and high-resolution remote sensing images, this study aims to analyze the spatial morphology evolution of rural settlements induced by tourism through a comparative study of three tourism villages in Yesanpo tourism area. The results suggest the emergence of a “core-periphery” pattern of the spatial evolution of rural settlements. The closer to the core scenic spot, the higher degree of land-use intensity the village shows, as well as the more mature tourism function and greater change in landscape pattern. In particular, Gougezhuang shows an increase of the floor area ratio from 0.17 to 0.44, with the most mature tourism function and the lowest authenticity index of 0.448. Liujiahe has gone through the largest increase in construction land area from 17.3564 ha to 34.1128 ha, with moderately mature tourism function and relatively stable authenticity index of 0.566. Shangzhuang has the lowest construction land scale and intensity, with the poorest tourism function and most well-preserved landscape authenticity index of 0.942. Overall, in terms of the spatial morphology, the three villages show the characteristics of “modern town”, “semi-urbanization” and “traditional village” respectively, in corresponding to three land development types: “intensive reconstruction type”, “enclave extension type” and “in situ utilization type”. The spatial evolution patterns of these three villages imply the spatial characteristics of the touristization of traditional villages in different stages, and also have great representative value for the management of rural settlements in tourism areas in China.
... The main flows of cultivated land change are the grassland and forests, city residential construction land, orchard and water area. And the land management policy, residential land per capita growth, adjustment of the agricultural structure and urban expansion are the main driving mechanisms on cultivated land change (Zhu et al., 2001b). ...
Cultivated land transition and its driving mechanism are the hotspots among studies on land use change. In this study, we constructed a framework to study the driving mechanism of cultivated land transition from the quantitative perspective. Based on the vector data of land use in 1990, 2000 and 2009 of Yantai Proper, Shandong Province China, 11 explanatory variables were chosen from two aspects: the elevation, slope, cost distance to major water area and cost distance to minor water area, which presented physical factors; cost distance to district center, cost distance to town center, cost distance to city expansion center, cost distance to major roads, cost distance to city roads, cost distance to county roads and cost distance to rural roads, which presented the socio-economic factors. Combined with spatial analysis tools and Logistic regression analysis model, we construct Logistic regression analyses with four objectives that were urban construction land, rural residential land, orchard and other lands. The results show that, cost distance to district center, cost distance to town center, cost distance to city expansion center and cost distance to city roads are the significant explanatory variables for the transition of cultivated land into urban construction land. The main explained factors on the transition of cultivated land into rural residential land are slope, cost distance to town center, cost distance to county roads and cost distance to rural roads. Slope, cost distance to minor water area, cost distance to town center, cost distance to county roads and cost distance to rural roads are the significant explanatory variables for the transition of cultivated land into orchard land. Elevation, slope, cost distance to major water area and cost distance to minor water area are the main explanatory variables on the transition of cultivated land into other land uses.
... The velocity of saptio-temporal change of land use/land cover determined by using the land use dynamic degree model. The dynamic degree of single land use/land cover type such as grassland could be mathematically expressed by the following equation [3] : ...
The study area including Kerqin Pasture and the farming-pastoral ecotone of Songnen Plain, is located in the western Northeast China. It is a natural protective screen for the Northeast Plain, which is the most important one of national food bases, to ensure the food supply security and ecological security. Based on the Landsat5/TM and ETM remote sensed images of 1986, 1996 and 2000, the grassland dynamic characteristics of the above two parts of the study area, including change area, transformation, change velocity, are analyzed respectively by land use/land cover spatial change models. The results show that, the grassland area of Kerqin Pasture decreased by 3,200 km2, while that of the western Songnen Plain decreased by 4,800 km2. It was mainly due to grassland reclamation activities driven by rapid population expansion. According to the results of regional differences got by GIS technique, in Kerqin Pasture, the dynamic degree in Shuangliao county of Jilin province is the largest, up to 2.7%, while the value of Alukerqin Banner is much smaller, and the grassland is well protected. In the western Songnen Plain, the dynamic degree in Baicheng and Taonan of Jilin province is more than 4%, primarily caused by grassland reclamation as well. By contrast, the grassland in Anda city and Qinggang county of Heilongjiang province took a turn for the better with active protection and improvement measures.
... In this study, the vector data of land use classification result was transformed into the 30m×30m grid by Arcinfo. Then, select the Patch Density index (Hereinafter abbreviated as PD index) and Mean Patch Fractal Dimension (Hereinafter abbreviated as MPFD index) [1] to calculate landscape indexes by the landscape software Fragstats 3.3, use Land-use transfer matrix [2], Comprehensive (Hereinafter abbreviated as CDD) and Single dynamic degree (Hereinafter abbreviated as SDD) of land use [3] for descriptions of the spatial landscape structure and their dynamic characteristics of Ulaanbaatar and Ulan-Ude. ...
Ulaanbaatar in Mongolia and Ulan-Ude in Russia are typical cities in northern Mongolian Plateau. Based on Landsat TM/ETM+ remote sensing interpretation, land use information of the two cities in 1990 and 2000 was extracted. The two cities landscape pattern and its dynamic change were compared according to series landscape and land use parameters, such as Patch Density, Mean Patch Fractal Dimension, land use conversion matrix, land use change ratio and dynamic degree and so on. The main conclusions are listed as follow: The landscape fragment degree of Ulaanbaatar is less than Ulan-Ude in the 1990s, and became larger in 2000s. The landscape patch shape of Ulaanbaatar is simpler and much more regular than Ulan-Ude in study period, as well as the dynamic change in this decade. This result shows that the land system of Ulaanbaatar is disturbed by human activities more intensively than that of Ulan-Ude.
... K a , K b respectively referring to the areas of certain land use type in certain region at the early stage and the end of research; C a , C b respectively referring to the areas of certain land use type in the whole research region within the same period Social driving mechanism of land use change: F [15][16][17][18][19][20] T = F XN N T referring to weight matrixes, X (88,15) referring to index matrixes and its social driving mechanism in the LRGR from regional scale and county scale. ...
The research on land use degree, land use change rate as well as regional difference of various land use types in the southwest
Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region (LRGR) has been carried out on the regional and county scales. From the view of social economy,
we have also analyzed the driving mechanism of land use change and the corresponding spatial scopes of various driving forces
in the research area. The research result indicates that, on the regional scale, farmland, forest and grassland compose the
main body of land use in the LRGR, and the structural change of land use shows that grassland declines sharply, farmland increases
and forest keeps stable. On the county scale, the land use is characterized by that land use level is relatively low, and
the land use degree, the comprehensive variation rate and the relative variation rate among different land use types still
exist. By analysis, the land use changes in the LRGR are mainly driven by investment intensity of manpower and physical resources,
the social economic output level, the intensity of natural disasters disturbance and educational level of workers. However,
the regionalism exists in the influence scope of different driving force types.
... In recent years, many researchers have conducted studies on land use and eco-environmental problems in the Bohai Rim. Zhu et al. (2001a Zhu et al. ( , 2001b) studied the land use process and its driving mechanism in this area in 1985-1995; Mao and Yu (2001) analyzed and evaluated the regional environment carrying capacity; Wang et al. (1995) made an analysis of the urban development and spatial allocation characteristics of the cities in this area. These researches, undoubtedly, laid a solid foundation for further study of the urban agglomeration in the Bohai Rim. ...
This paper firstly derived urban information from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) data in 1992, 1996 and 1998 with the support of statistical data, and then developed three basic urban models of polygon-urbanization, line-urbanization and point-urbanization in urban agglomerations from viewpoint of spatial analysis. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Urban patch numbers in the Bohai Rim increased from 1659 to 2053 with an annual average increase number of about
66. Meanwhile, the small urban patches accounted for a larger proportion in the region and the patch density increased fast. In addition, the urban barycenter of the region showed a moving trend toward northwest from 1992 to 1998. Urbanization in the Bohai Rim in the 1990s is fast and obvious. (2) Urbanization in the Bohai Rim can be reflected by three basic processes, i.e., the polygon-urbanization around the big cities, the line-urbanization around the transportation lines and the point-urbanization emerging in large areas. Of them, the polygon-urbanization has been in dominance. It is obviously within an effective range of 3–4 km surrounding the urban patches. The line-urbanization and point-urbanization in the region was relatively small,
both of which showed an obvious increasing trend.
... Previously, many researchers ascribed the reduction of grain output to the expansion of urban area that occupied agricultural lands. Since 1999, as the return of cultivated land into forest became the major factor for the shrinkage of cultivated land, some researchers, finding out the coherence between the reduction of grain output and the timing and large extent of the return, concluded that the program of Conversion from Grain to Green (PCGG) has affected China's regional grain security (Zhu et al., 2001). Meanwhile, many others, proceeding from input-output relation, pointed out that the recent reduction of grain output in China mainly results from the degradation of production per unit area, and realized that the production per unit area is largely affected by the utilization intensity of cultivated land, which is a more influential factor than the shrinkage of land quantity (Li and Wang, 2003;Zhang et al., 2002;Liu and Li, 2006a;2006b). ...
The changes in utilization of agricultural land have gradually grown into one of the major factors impacting grain output
in China. This study explores the various components of agricultural production in China from the land utilization perspective,
involving changes in grain production per unit area, multi-cropping index, and adjustment of agricultural structure. Compared
with the record values, different research methodologies are used to analyze the potential of above three components. The
results indicate that grain production potential of 65.68×109kg was unexploited in 2006, in which 45.8×109kg came from the restructuring in agriculture. So we can infer that the reduction of grain production in China could be primarily
attributed to agricultural restructuring in recent years. So the productive potential can be fully restored by increasing
agricultural investment, or recovering agricultural structure in favorable conditions. So we can say that China’s current
condition of food security is good.
... For example, the interaction between land use change and its factors has been analyzed with the modeling method, with an emphasis on simulating arable land change and its spatial distribution (Chen et al., 2000). Based on TM image data in 1985 , Zhu et al. (2001 analyzed land use change in the Bohai Rim with the assistance of computer-aided interpretation, spatial analysis in a geographic information system and statistical methods. Zhang et al. (2003) studied the pattern of land use change, as well as the coupling relationship between land use change and industrialization and urbanization in the Zhujiang River Delta region using the GIS and modeling approach. ...
Based on TM image data and other survey materials, this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of land use change in the
Bohai Rim during 1985–2005. The findings of this study are summarized as follows: (1) Land use pattern changed dramatically
during 1985–2005. Industrial and residential land in urban and rural areas increased by 643,946 hm2, of which urban construction land had the largest and fastest increase of 294,953 hm2 at an annual rate of 3.72%. (2) The outward migration of rural population did not prevent the expansion of residential land
in rural areas by 184,869 hm2. This increase reveals that construction of rural residences makes seriously wasteful and inefficient use of land. (3) Arable
land, woodland and grassland decreased at a rate of −0.02%, −0.12% and −1.32% annually, while unused land shrank by 157,444
hm2 at an annual rate of −1.69%. (4) The change of land use types showed marked fluctuations over the two stages (1985–1995 and
1995–2005). In particular, arable land, woodland and unused land experienced an inversed trend of change. (5) There was a
significant interaction between arable land and woodland. Industrial construction land in urban and rural areas showed a net
trend of increase during the earlier period, but only adjustment to its internal structure during the second period. The loss
of arable land to the construction of factories, mines and residences took place mainly in the fringe areas of large and medium-sized
cities, along the routes of major roads, as well as in the economically developed coastal areas in the east. Such changes
are closely related to the spatial differentiation of the level of urbanization and industrialization in the region.
Abstract
The current study addresses the landscape transformation along the Indo-Bangla transboundary with special reference to spatial connectivity and road network topology. In order to reveal the process and mechanism of different grades of roads on land use and landscape pattern change in the study areas, taking the Maitri Setu as an example, different grades of roads around the Maitri Setu in different years were selected as the research objects. The land use classification data of the three phases were synthesised by using the buffer analysis method combined with
the land use dynamics and land use degree. This study used the maximum likelihood method to determine the transition probability matrix between land cover for the time periods presented. After initial calibration, the integrated approach was used to predict land use and land patterns in 2028 and 2035. The study showed a significant decrease in agricultural land (11.09%) and a corresponding increase in built-up areas (15.89%) over the past decade (2014-2023). The result emphasises the significant impact of spatial interaction facilitated by road investments on the transformation of the area along the transboundary region, indicating their vital role in the
regional development of the study area in the near future.
The responses of reef benthic substrata and coral communities to anthropogenic disturbances at the Wuzhizhou Island (WZZ, off the southeast coast of the Hainan Island in the South China Sea) were examined in 2007–2017. A total of 90 scleractinia coral species were recorded at WZZ in 2017. Cluster analysis and ANOSIM analysis of reef benthic composition suggested that WZZ can be divided into the north and south zones with significantly different characteristics. Indeed, anthropogenic disturbance (i.e., tourism activity and land use) has been intense in the north zone, whereas the south zone has not been as much disturbed. Coral reefs in the north zone suffered from stronger turbidity and nutrient enrichment. Compared with the south zone, the north zone had significantly lower coverage of stony coral (e.g. Acropora, Montipora and Pocillopora) and soft coral, juvenile coral density but significantly higher coverage of rock/rubble, sand, hydrocoral and sponge. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that turbidity and dissolved nutrients (dissolved inorganic nitrogen or NH4⁺) were the significant factors in explaining the spatial distribution of reef benthic substrata and coral communities in 2017. The remarked decline of live coral cover in the north zone of WZZ during 2007–2016 can be associated with intensive construction, land use change, and tourism development. These results suggested that anthropogenic disturbances may have degenerated environmental conditions and affected the coral reefs at WZZ.
By applying GIS and RS technologies and using Landsat TM/ETM data, the study, from the angle of geomorphology, analyzes the land use changes in 1990, 2000 and 2006 in Qingyang City. The study results are as follows: The proportion of the grassland, water body, cropland and unused land decreased while that of the forest land and construction land increased. The cropland area in divisions II and IV increased while in the other geomorphological units decreased. The water body area in division III decreased but increased at varying degrees in other divisions. The comprehensive dynamic degree of land use in the later period of the study was higher than that in the earlier period and the dynamic degree of single land type was characterized by the same trend. The land use change map indicated that in divisions I and V the conversion of cropland to forest land took up the highest proportion of all the land change types, that the land use change varied in different landforms and that the distribution and shift of the land use change hot areas were closely related to the distribution characteristics of human activity intensity and government policies.
China is in its quick social and economic development which has caused various environmental problems to some extent. Ecological zoning and distinguishing the highly-important ecological areas (also termed as the ecological red-line zone in this study) and protecting them from anthropogenic interference is an effective measure for regional environment protection and sustainable development. In this study, we applied an integrated modeling approach to implement the ecological zoning in the Bohai Rim for regional sustainability, and selected 12 single factors to calculate three integrated indicators: ecosystem sensitivity, ecosystem services and ecological risks. Based on three integrated indicators, we obtained the ecological zoning map with three zones for the study area, which are the highly-important ecological areas, the moderately-important ecological areas and the lowly-important ecological areas. The zoning result showed that the highly- and moderately-important ecological zones cover 23.2% and 37.9% of the Bohai Rim respectively, which should be protected. The remained lowly-important ecological zone covers 38.9% of the Bohai Rim, which can be used for economic and industry development. This study shows that the zoning approach is reasonable and instructive to guide and arrange the land use for regional sustainable development. Such an ecological zoning can greatly solve the conflicts between environmental protection and regional economic and industry development and further forms a safe ecological pattern. Two contributions of our work are that (1) our modeling approach is scientific, reasonable and meaningful for other planning works and can be used for reference to the regions and countries with similar situation, and (2) the zoning pattern mapped in our study is helpful to guide Bohai regional development and the safe arrangement of economic and industry development.
The Tarim River is the largest internal river system in Central Asia. However, in recent years conflicts between farmland expansion, vegetation loss, bare lands with salt deposits, and desertification problems, have caused significant water resource tensions within the watershed. Results from a study assessing streamflow trends and land use in the Tarim River basin are presented. Land-use changes in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the basin during the years 1960-1972, 1972-1990 and 1990-2000 are quantified with remotely sensed data, and are compared to trends in observed discharge at the ALAR, Ying Bazha and Qiala gauging stations.
Land use/land cover change is a complex system, which is affected by many comprehensive factors, including socio-economic and natural and environmental factors. With the rapid development of the modern globe information science, RS and GIS are increasingly becoming the most powerful means to solve such problems as the land use changes and sustainable development decision-making, which once were very arduous to be disposed by the traditional research methods. Based on the land-use data of the interpretation of Landsat TM in 1995 and 2000, transition matrix of land use type area was computed and land-use changes in Taoyuan County in Subtropical Typical Region were studied, including developmental trend, range, velocity, spatial distribution pattern and direction. Percentages and developmental trend of land use types in 2050 were predicted by Markov model. The results showed that, with the rapid growth of population and expansion of economy, seven kinds of land use types changed at different degree: an increase in farmland, urban and rural resident lands, and water lands; a decrease in woodlands. After 50 years, urban and rural resident lands expand quickly and increase 3.34%. Farmland changes resulted mainly from woodlands and grasslands; Urban and rural resident land increasing was mainly from farmlands; Changes of water-land areas were because of farmland and woodland conversion. It showed that in the process of development of Taoyuan County economy, paddy land and forest land were consumed greatly, in which the most was forest land. The reason was related to increasing population, developing economy and some land management policies. In a word, the phenomena of destroying woodland or grassland and occupying farmland at random were not eliminated thoroughly. Furthermore, using the Markov model as a basic tool to predicate land use/land cover may not well indicate the real reasons and it still needs other methodology, such as Canonical Correlation Analysis, to identify the driving forces of land use/land cover change.
Studying the land use changes in the Loess Plateau can provide important information for decision-making of ecologic construction. Using CA-Markov (Celluar Automata) model, the trend, rate, type of land use change from 1985 to 2000 and their relations with terrain in the Heihe watershed in the tableland-gully region of the Loess Plateau were analyzed, and the land use scenario in 2015 was simulated. Results showed that farmland and medium density grassland were the dominant land use types. Forest and farmland decreased, grassland and construction land increased while other land use types changed little from 1985 to 2000. The major transformation types were mutual conversion between forest and grassland, and farmland conversion to other land use types. Land use changes mainly occurred in the gully regions. The simulated result by CA-Markov model indicated that each land use type from 2000 to 2015 would keep the change trend from 1985 to 2000. Therefore, it is urgent to protect farmland, impel the Grain for Green Project and promote regional sustainable development.
Based on the three temporal satellite remote sensing TM images of Tongshan county located in Xuzhou city, basic data about land use of Xuzhou coal mining area are obtained with the neural network classification module from 1987 to 2003. According to the basic data of land use, the land use change is quantified by way of computing the index models of regional land use change. The following results were obtained: (1) The areas of construction land and water body have continually increased from 1987 to 2003. In this period the area of construction land has increased by 4761.09 hm2. On the contrary, the area of cropland has constantly decreased with a decrease of 27528.21 hm2. (2) From 1987 to 2003, both the construction land and unused land were chiefly transformed into cropland. From 1987 to 1994, the water body was chiefly transformed into woodland. The cropland was chiefly transformed into unused land and construction land. The woodland was chiefly transformed into cropland. From 1994 to 2003, the water body was infrequently transformed. The cropland was chiefly transformed into unused land and woodland. (3) From 1987 to 2003, the variation index of land use degree and the dynamic degree index of land use demonstrate that land use in Tongshan county was in a decline period and the changes were drastic.
Demographic change was thought to be the most major driver of land use change although there were several interacting factors involved, especially in the developing countries. In this paper, we selected western Jilin province in China as the study area to provide a case study for understanding the relationship between spatial-temporal pattern of the land use change and population dynamics from 1975 to 2010. The results showed that the change of farmland area percentage could be modeled well by using a quadratic function, the least area percentage of farmland was 15.4% in areas where the population density was 0 people/km2, and farmland area percentage had a greatest value of 94.8% when population density was 199.25 people/km2. The area percentage of grassland, water body and wetland decreased exponentially with population density increased. The relationship between land use degree and population density could be modeled well by using a logistic regression models. Due to economic growth and technological progress and the existence of Hollow Village phenomenon, land use degree still increased in areas where population density was negative growth. In addition, land use dynamics increased exponentially with population density change. Land use relative change of woodland, grassland, built-up land and wetland were proportional to population density change. According to the simulation results of the land use structure and land use degree, Da’an and Zhenlai had the greatest possibility to be further reclaimed. As sensitive and fragile areas, it was of significance to study environmental protection and ecologic construction on Tongyu and Qian’an.
To facilitate urban planning and management in fast-growing metropolitan areas, it is highly necessary to detect the spatiotemporal changes of different land cover types. This study aimed at identifying Beijing's land cover types and detecting the characteristics of their spatiotemporal changes using time series remote sensing and GIS techniques from 1978 to 2010. A total of 16 Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+ images were collected during the spring and late summer seasons. After preprocessing the dataset, artificial neural network was used to perform the land cover classification. Consequently, four maps were generated for 1978, 1992, 2000, and 2010, with six classes (agriculture, woodland, grassland, water, urban, and barren land) according to the level I classification scheme. Three transition matrices were constructed to represent all possible changes that occur in the landscape. The results showed that agriculture, barren land, and grassland had an increase in area, while urban, water, and woodland had a reduction within the study area. A total of 2,032.341 km(2) agriculture was reduced and 2,359.146 km(2) woodland was increased. In the three periods for 1978-1992, 1992-2000, 2000-2010, agriculture had the largest amount of transfer out primarily to urban class around central urban areas and woodland had the most transfer in mainly from barren land in mountainous areas. More importantly, the driving forces analysis including economic development, growth of population and construction areas, and institutional policies was conducted to find out the primary factors inducing the land cover change.
Land use of Shanghai City has changed very fast in the rapid procession of Urbanization since 2003, In order to find out the changes of the land use/cover information, Taken LANDSAT 7 ETM+ remote sensing images and topographic maps as data resource, based on the four kinds of information index were extracted by the ETM+ images In ENVI4.2 and ERDAS IMAGINE8.7, LUCC information from 1999 to 2005 of shanghai city were extracted accurately by decision tree classification method. The result show that urban area of Shanghai city rapidly expanded, especially the building land accounted for more than 60% in 2005, and the area of other kinds of land use and cover reduced remarkably.
From lateral perspective, this paper analyzes the relationship between evolution of urban land structure and industrial structure transformation, through proportion change index and Granger method. The empirical study shows three points. First of all, Chengdu land structure change shows that city feature is not perfect, living environment and ecological environment construction needs to be strengthened. Moreover, the industrial structure optimization of Chengdu continues and the tertiary industry gradually occupied a dominant position. Ultimately, in short-term, urban land change drived industry structure transformation, then industry structure transformation feeded back urban land structure change; the synchronization action between urban land structure evolution and industrial structure change has not appeared, and the reciprocal causation of them will come true under the long-time adjusting.
The rapid urbanization and industrialization process during the last three decades has reshaped traditional Chinese rural villages in different directions, among which tourism villages are an important type. Integrating participatory rural appraisal (PRA) methods, geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS), we explored the spatial-temporal pattern of land use changes in Gougezhuang village from 1986 to 2010. The results indicate that in the past 25 years, Gougezhuang village has experienced an expansion in both the horizontal and vertical dimensions, with increasing land intensity. This expansion was accompanied by the touristization process, with land function changing from meeting villagers' living needs to satisfying tourists' demands. Gougezhuang village has converted from a traditional rural village to a modern town, a change driven by the interaction among local governments, villagers and other stakeholders, under the constraints of the geographic environment and the promotion of large-scale tourism demand. This paper suggests the unsustainability of current land use patterns, which are manifested in the severe conflict between increasing tourism land use and limited village construction land, irrational land usage, irregular expansion, and damages to rural traditional culture and the eco-environment resulting in the loss of rurality. With the tourism village advancing toward a new phase, the current land use pattern of the tourism-based village should be modified, converting from being driven by local living needs to external tourism demands. To solve these problems, this paper proposes that (1) current restrictions on land supply in tourism villages should be unlocked, and land quota should be allocated according to tourism demand; (2) a proper circulation mechanism of rural collective land is necessary for the sake of effective land supply; and (3) an integrated plan should be implemented to achieve the balance between rural tourism development and the protection of rurality.
This study aims at revealing how land use and land cover change in the typical watershed (Luoyugou Watershed) of Loess Plateau over past 20 years. Based on the remote sensing imagery data and topographic map, a four-stage (1986, 1995, 2001 and 2008) spatial data base was established with ArcGIS software. Demographic data, agricultural economic data and other auxiliary data were collected from national and provincial farms statistical bureaus on land reclamation and cultivation, and some relevant documents and various statistical reports were also collected at the perfection of the typical counties from 1986 to 2008. With GIS spatial analysis tools, the land use and cover change characteristics and the changing trend in Luoyugou watershed since 1986 are traced and analyzed in this paper. According to the basic data of land use, the land use change is quantified by way of computing the Land-use transfer matrix and index models of regional land use change and its driving factors are analyzed. The following results were obtained: 1) Luoyugou watershed has an intense land-use change, land use pattern to bear pressures from conflict of the city construction and ecological protection 2) The main trend of land use changes is transferring slope land to terrace, and then transferring from terrace to Woodland and construction sites 3) Both natural (climate change, such as temperature, precipitation ) and social ( policies, population increase) driving factors were responsible for the land use change in Luoyugou watershed.
Xiamen is an economically competitive and highly urbanized city along the coastal area of Fujian Province, China. The research on spatio-temporal variation of landscape heterogeneity under the influence of human activities is of great importance to the further study on the relationship of landscape pattern and ecological process. It is also crucial to the discovery of spatial variation and intensity distribution of human activities. The research analyzed the intensity of human impacts and the spatial variation features and dynamics of landscape patterns by introducing statistical theories and approaches. We analyzed spatio-temporal variation of landscape heterogeneity using the geostatistical techniques, such as semivariogram and Kriging interpolation. Results show that there is a higher correlation between landscape heterogeneity indexes and human impact index. Both the indexes show a moderate spatial autocorrelation as well as an obvious characteristic of anisotropy. From 1998 to 2008, the spatial differentiation of the changes in the intensity of human activities and the changes in landscape heterogeneity shows that the landscape patterns in Xiamen are closely related with the urban land utilization methods, the condition of traffic and geographical location and the physical geographical condition such as the terrain and the ecological environment. The process of urbanization has a significant impact on the urban landscape pattern.
Based on digital land use data from 1995 to 2000 and road data, the land use and landscape changes of Golmud, Qumaleb and Zhidoi are studied on a macro-scale. Land use and landscape changes in highway buffer zones and city expansion are special subjects. A new formula is used to define the exact degree of dynamic land use. To adequately define land use and landscape pattern changes, the buffer zones, illustrating the changes at different distances from the road, are recognized with ArcGIS 8.1 software. Prominent changes took place in land use and landscape patterns from 1995 to 2000, and the area of built-up land increased by 323.8%. The comprehensive degree of dynamic land use is 2.25, and the degree of dynamic land use of built-up land is the highest, followed by cultivated land. Woodland has the lowest value. The used degree index of land resources declined by 38.8 from 1995 to 2000. Landscape changed dramatically which influenced ecological processes immensely. Different from the corridor effect of other traffic routes, the corridor effect of this section of road is not obvious and its “point” radiation effect can be easily seen. The expanding range of Golmud City is confined to a 3 km buffer, while for Wudaoliang, it is 1 km. No land use change happened in the Nanshankou buffer.
Aimed to make out land use change and its spatial differences in coastal zone of Bohai sea in last 30 years. Series satellite remote sensing images obtained in 1988, 1998 and 2007 were employed to surveyed land use change integrated field surveying. Some land use index such as land use dominant type, land use dominant index and land use intensity index were created to describe main land use function, its dominance and regional land use intensity, individually. Then the land use change and its spatial differences in 1980s, 1990s and 2000s was assessment. The result as follow: Regional differences of land use and its change was more and more with land exploitation and use process carried forward. This process expressed by shrink of coastal beach and swamp, while expansion of building area and fish pool. And transform of land use dominant type from coast beach, swamp and salt lake (low intensity types) in 1980s to building are, fish pool(high intensity type) in 2000s. While Land use diversity increased and dominant index of individual land use type reduced. Land use intensity index boasted famous in coastal zone of Binzhou, coastal zone of Panjin and coastal zone of Dongying. Land use construction reformed to grow regional differences in spatially, such as agriculture zone in coast of Huludao and Yantai, fish pool zone in coast of Cangzhou, salt lake zone in coast of Weifang and Binzhou, eatarine wetland conservation zong in coast of Dongying and Panjin.
In a society with rapid development of economy and population as today, land-use has received more attention than before. The research on it can reflect the contradiction between the regional economy development and environmental protection. East River Valley is well developed in the south of China. The article, taking East River Valley as its research area, analyzes the extent and rate of land-use and cover change (LUCC) as well as the reciprocal transformation between land types. The article also offers a further analysis on the landscape pattern of LUCC in this valley. All above are for the hope that it can show the latent discipline of the local land change in quantitative approach, and make a scientific instruction to the social and economic development in this valley.
The land use/cover change is a frontier subject in the research area of the current global environmental change. Typical regional LUCC case study is an important way to recognize of global change. Land use/cover change temporal and spatial detection process is that accumulates space-time continuum of land use / cover data, then establishes the multi-source space-time data platform of LUCC. The space-time distribution rules of LUCC are researched on that data platform based on RS and GIS. This study area is located in Wuhan city, using interpretation results of the TM image of Landsat5 in1996 and 2006. It takes a quantitative research on Land Use / Cover Change in Wuhan city based spatial analysis of GIS and methods of mathematical statistics in 1996- 2006.The results show that�÷ (1) General characteristics of land use/ cover show that cropland, grassland and unused land have decreased, forest, water and construction land area have increased in Wuhan city from 1996 to 2006; (2) These three kinds of changes of cultivated land into forest land, construction land and water which distribution are the most widely, and conversion rate is the largest in the 10 years.
Land use and land cover change (LUCC) plays an important role in the evolution of the global environment and sustainable development. Land use is related to natural geography and human actions, and the factors during some period are mainly studied in LUCC. Most researches are concerned about rural area but few about urban fringe area. In this paper, land use change in the outskirtsis studied, taking Dantu of Zhenjiang city as example. SPOT images (2000 and 2005) are utilized to find information of land use change, and vector maps are overlapped to analyze spatial change by GIS. The paper studies structure, rate and degree of land change in Dantu area among 2000:*2005. It is discovered that the rapid extension of urban and industry reduce the area of plantation, which also lead to the degeneration of environment system. Only with the control of land use planning, and increasing land development and reclamation, the rate of reduction of
The changing rules of the landscape elements and their distribution in Shendong coal mining area are analyzed by means of remote sensing images obtained in 2002, 2006, 2009. using support vector machine classification method, it can be classified into six land-use types: water bodies, grassland, shrub land, construction land, desert and Saline soil, bare rock and unused land. The following results were obtained: 1) The areas of construction 1and and water body have continually increased from 2002 to 2009; grassland, desert and saline firstly increased and then decreased; on the contrary ,the area of shrub land firstly decreased and then increased; bare rocks and unused land constantly decreased. 2) 2002-2006, Vegetation increased from 48.6% to 56.7%, forest area decreased sharply, while the grassland area increased gradually; 2006-2009,further expansion of vegetation increased from 56.7% to 73.4%, because the structure of vegetation has greatly changed, forest area increased dramatically, while the grassland area decreased. This are shown unstable ecological environment of Shendong area. 3) the total area of desert, saline soil, bare rock, unused land were reduced from 48.2% in 2002 to 39.2% in 2006,even 24.5% in 2009, because Bare rock and unused land decreased, mainly unused land transformed into building land, and bare rock slowly covered by shrub land.
This paper uses ENVI to convert TM data of the study area in different times and gains 6 first-classes and 20 second-classes combining with unsupervised classification and supervised classification, and then creates land use vector maps of 1995 and 2000. And according to land use data and land use changes matrix gained from RS images, it discusses arable changes and relevant driving forces in the study area in urbanization. The study area is Shijiazhuang City as a whole, including 17 counties, 1 mining district and 5 urban districts. Shijiazhuang City lies in the north-east of China and borders on the Taihang Mountains in the west side and on the wide Huabei Plain on the other three sides. As a transportation center, Shijiazhuang City not only develops quickly in urbanization in recent years, but also changes obviously in land use, especially in cultivated land. Therefore, arable changes in urbanization should receive more attention in Shijiazhuang City. Based on RS data of land use, with methods in RS, GIS and statistics, this paper analyzes land use changes in urbanization from 1995 to 2000 in Shijiazhuang City and makes sure of directions of arable changes. At the same time, in term of social economy indexes, it confirms driving forces of arable changes and discusses relationship of changes between urbanization and cultivated land. The study shows, from 1995 to 2000, cultivated land was the core of land use changes in Shijiazhuang City. It decreased in this period. And construction use is the main way of arable decrease which accounted for 52.3%. Agricultural structure adjustment and disaster destroying accounted for 38% and 9.7% respectively. And in construction use, single industry or mining land made up 40%. It was a token of lagging urbanization influence on arable changes. Keywords-Cultivated land Changes; RS; GIS; Urbanization; Shijiazhuang City; Hebei Province; China
The spatial calculating analysis model is based on GIS overlay. It compartmentalizes the research district land into three
spatial parts: unchanged part, converted part and increased part. By this method we can evaluate the numerical model and dynamic
degree model for existing calculating changing speed of land-use. Furthermore the paper raises reviving the calculating analysis
model of spatial information in order to predict the dynamic changing level of all sorts of land. More concretely speaking,
the model is mainly to know the changing area and changing speed (increased or decreased) of different land classifications
from the microcosmic angle and to clearly show the spatial distribution and spatio-temporal law for changing urban lands.
We discover why the situation has taken place by combining social and economic conditions. The result indicates that the calculating
analysis model of spatial information can derive more accurate procedure of spatial transference and increase of all kinds
of land from the microcosmic angle. By this model and technology, we can make the research of spatio-temporal structure evolution
in land-use be more systematical and deeper. The result will benefit the planning management of urban land-use of developed
districts in China in the future.
The spatial calculating analysis model is based on GIS overlay. It will compartmentalize the land in research district into
three spatial types: unchanged parts, converted parts and increased parts. By this method we can evaluate the numerical model
and dynamic degree model for calculating land-use change rates. Furthermore, the paper raises the possibility of revising
the calculating analysis model of spatial information in order to predicate more precisely the dynamic changing level of all
types of land uses. In the most concrete terms, the model is used mainly to understand changed area and changed rates (increasing
or decreasing) of different land types from microcosmic angle and establish spatial distribution and spatio-temporal principles
of the changing urban lands. And we will try to find out why the situation can take place by combining social and economic
situations. The result indicates the calculating analysis model of spatial information can derive more accurate procedure
of spatial transference and increase of all kinds of land from microcosmic angle. By this model and technology we can conduct
the research of land-use spatio-temporal structure evolution more systematically and more deeply, and can obtain a satisfactory
result. The result will benefit the rational planning and management of urban land use of developed coastal areas in China
in the future.
This paper describes the current situation of China’s land use and land use changes, major driving forces, and their impacts
on the environment, through a review on land use studies in the past decades in China.
According to the length of city perimeter and the administration systems recorded in the historical literatures of the Qing
Dynasty, a set of methods is developed to convert the historical records into the area of urban land use, by which a set of
preliminary estimated urban land use data of the 18 provinces during the Emperor Jiaqing (1820AD) in the Qing Dynasty, is
achieved. Based on the above achievements, the regional differences of urban land use are analyzed, and the comparison in
urban land use between the Qing Dynasty and present (1999) is made.
Taking the studies in Guizhou Province of China as examples, the author illustrates in detail the methods of analysis of land structures and their applications in land classification and evaluation, land use planning, physico-geographical regionalization and regional development research. -from English summary
Spatial data analysis is the key component of GIS. Current GIS systems focus on analytical functions for geometric operations, but few spatial statistical functions were used in GIS. This paper examined the feasibility of combining GIS and spatial statistical techniques in the analysis of land use changes in the coastal area of Yunlin County, Taiwan. Markov model was employed to analyze land use changes for three 5-7-year time intervals during 1976-1992. The spatial pattern analysis went a step further by cluster analysis to derive the change pattern over space and time. The result indicates different patterns and trends of land use changes among three different land use types. This result cannot be derived solely by either GIS functions or statistical analyses. It can only be derived by integrating GIS and spatial analysis. The applicability of integrating spatial statistics and GIS has been explored.
The urban development of Lhasa were studied mainly by analyzing the literatures, interpreting the aerial photograph (1970, 1985, 1986 and 1991), using contour maps (1965 and 1987), and overlaying them with GIS, investigating the spatial variation with GPS, conducting ecological and vegetation surveys. According to a complete field survey and visitation from the August to the October of 1999, the land use change in Lhasa in the past 50 years were listed as follows: 1. From 1951 to 1999, the Lhasa urban area expanded by 10.31 times and construction area by approximately 19 times. The spatial variation include: (a) In 1951, the city region of Lhasa was the region compassed by the Lhasa Circular Road, with an area of 3.3 km2, including the Potala Palace and true 'Lhasa', except for Norbu Ling. The shopping centers, palaces and temples had an area of 111.66 hm2. The housing area was only 22 hm2, and gardens and grasslands totaled 17.00 hm2, and the fallow lands making up more than 45% of the total urban area. (b) The city had expanded by average 25.11 hm2 per year from 1952 to 1965. After 1959, the construction of roads in the center of the city and the urban expansion made this ancient city new. The urban area reached 6.82 km2. (c) From 1966 to 1989, the area of the urban region expanded by 96.88 hm2. From 1966 to 1970, the new urban area was concentrated in the western and eastern of Lhasa with a new area of 5.05 hm2 and 11.87 hm2 added to the original area, 3.59 times of that in 1951 and with an average rate of 101.09 hm2. The hydroelectric station, asphalt roads and some public facilities were built up in succession. From 1971 to 1986, Lhasa got a fast development, especially after 1980, an area of 62 000 m2 for housing was constructed around the Bakuo Street in which 43 000 m2 were increased. In the northern and western of Lhasa, new constructions were emerged. The urban area reached 26.89 km2, 8.14 times of that in 1951, with an average rate of 93.88 hm2 per year. From 1987 to 1989, the urban construction occupied 46.74 hm2 of farmlands, 39.61 hm2 of high-quality grasslands and 180.83 hm2 not-used land with vegetation, with an average rate of 106 hm2. (d) From 1990 to 1999, the constructions of Lhasa were concentrated in the center area and vicinity suburb with an area of 399 hm2 and an average rate of 39.9 hm2. From 1951 to the end of 1999, the construction of Lhasa occupied almost 32.94 km2, with an average rate of 68.63 hm2 per year. 2. Restricted by the geographical situation, the Lhasa City urban area was developed to the western along the Qinghai-Tibetan Road at the beginning, then expanded toward both sides of it, and then toward the north later. 3. The cultivated lands per capita in Chengguan District of Lhasa decrease sharply with 0.049 hm2 in the early 1999, accounting for 77.7% of that in 1964. For a long period, there has no centralized management of land use for Tibetan residents, plants and mining area. In 1985~1998, only urban fundamental construction occupied 284.68 hm2 of cultivated lands. The area of cultivated lands in Chengguan District has decreased by 645.73 hm2 in 27 years, making up 23.66% of the total lands and with an average rate of 23.92 hm2 per year, from 2 729.47 hm2 at the end of 1971 to 2 083.74 hm2 at the beginning of 1999. The cultivated lands use change per capita in Chengguan District of Lhasa shows that it has decreased year after year, from the maximum of 0.086 98 hm2 in 1972, decreasing rapidly in 1988, to 0.0492 hm2 at the beginning of 1999, accounting for 77.7% of that in 1964 and 61.4% of that in the whole country (0.076 8 hm2).