No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
The Mafia Boss Yesterday and Today: Psychological Characteristics and Research Data
Abstract
This article describes Cosa Nostra bosses’ psychological characteristics starting from research data collected over almost twenty years (1994–2013). Through the use of fragments of interviews to justice collaborators and their wives, children, and sisters-in-law, we analyze the boss’ role and relational context. This article also reports the results of a recent research on the relationship between boss and white-collar workers, carried out through the analysis of environmental tapping recorded at a famous Sicilian Mafia boss’ house: Giuseppe Guttadauro. This research highlights the psychological diversity the relationship between boss and white-collar worker is based on. The analysis of environmental tapping transcriptions has also allowed discovery of the main relational modalities used by the boss and white-collar worker in their conversations. 2015
... The traditional role of the mafia women also changed (Siebert, 1996) mainly in order to substitute the vacant roles left by some mafia bosses who were arrested (Dino, 2012). Other changes involved the personality roles of the members, their appearance (Capraro et al., 2018;Capraro, Ferrara, & Lo Verso, 2017;Giordano & Lo Verso, 2015), the mechanism of development and growth of the family itself (Giordano & Lo Verso, 2015), the interaction with the territory of origin (Lo Verso & Lo Coco, 2004) and the places to which they had expanded (Caneppele & Samo, 2013;Sarno, 2014). All of these changes have allowed the mafia families to become more flexible, covert and technocratic while maintaining the same traditional core values. ...
... The traditional role of the mafia women also changed (Siebert, 1996) mainly in order to substitute the vacant roles left by some mafia bosses who were arrested (Dino, 2012). Other changes involved the personality roles of the members, their appearance (Capraro et al., 2018;Capraro, Ferrara, & Lo Verso, 2017;Giordano & Lo Verso, 2015), the mechanism of development and growth of the family itself (Giordano & Lo Verso, 2015), the interaction with the territory of origin (Lo Verso & Lo Coco, 2004) and the places to which they had expanded (Caneppele & Samo, 2013;Sarno, 2014). All of these changes have allowed the mafia families to become more flexible, covert and technocratic while maintaining the same traditional core values. ...
... During some of the documented clinical interviews of mafia men (Capraro et al., 2017;Capraro et al., 2018;Giordano & Lo Verso, 2015) that focused on their crimes (including homicides), they did not show any sense of pity or compassion towards their victims. When describing their most cruel crimes, the mafia men often emphasized imparting the sense of fear, obedience and respect in others that would have resulted from their actions (Fabj, 1998;Lo Verso & Lo Coco, 2004;Schimmenti et al., 2014). ...
The Italian mafia organizations represent a subculture with values, beliefs and goals that are antithetical to and undermining of the predominant society. The conduct of individual members includes such extreme violence for material gain, it may at least superficially suggest a severe personality disorder. Since the first edition of the DSM and into the 21st century, various terms have been used, sometimes interchangeably, but over time inconsistently, to designate the mentality and practices of mafia members. Only recently has the psychology of mafia members become a focus of serious scientific study. Following broader national multicenter research, the present study aimed at investigating the possible differences in psychopathy between those mafia associates who had been convicted only of mafia association (Group A, bosses), and those who were also convicted of violent crimes (Group B, soldiers). The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) was administered to n = 48 male inmates convicted of mafia association (Mage 45.0 years, SD 10.9, range 20-80 years); Group A consisted of n = 26 (54%) subjects, Group B n = 22 (46%). Most of the sample (73%) did not manifest psychopathy (PCL-R ≥ 25) nor Mann-Whitney U test disclosed significant differences in the total PCL-R scores between the study groups. We found significantly higher scores of PCR-R factor 1 (interpersonal / affective) in the members of the mafia association also convicted of violent crimes (PCL-R F1, group A: 5.8 ± 3.7; group B: 7.9 ± 3.5; p < 0.05), this difference appeared explainable on the basis of a higher component of affective psychopathy. These initial results add to the limited literature on mafia and psychopathy and seem to suggest the existence of a specific component of psychopathy in the subgroup of mafiosi with overtly violent conduct.
... Moreover, for some authors Mafia and specifically Cosa Nostra has a fine strategy: it exploits the weaknesses of the human soul, a "primary narcissism" to became the only State, "where everything is already written, where there is no space for the other, for the different, for new things, for freedom, for the human" (Mannino and Giunta 2015). Before being accepted in the organization, teens grown up in Mafia families are required to demonstrate resolution, self-control, and ruthlessness and eventually they must be able to control their emotions during and after the crime (Lo Verso 2013, Lo Verso et al. 2015. however, it must be emphasized that, the relevance of psychological factors, such as emotions, in the Mafia context is a debated point. ...
... it is worth mentioning that to date only a few studies investigated psychological and social characteristics of Mafia members. While qualitative research has extensively investigated psychological features of Mafia members, including personality traits, values, family relationship, and communication style (lo Verso 1998, Bovenkerk 2000, Lo Verso and Lo Coco 2004, Lo Verso 2013, Lo Verso and Giordano 2015, Mannino and Giunta 2015, Calandra and Giorgi 2017, only little research has been carried out using quantitative methods (Schimmenti et al. 2014). Even fewer studies have evaluated the presence of Mafia on the Italian territory (Calderoni 2011). ...
... In the right panel of figure 3 it is They often expressed remorse for the time they are lost with their families and because they weren't a good fathers. As anticipated in the Introduction, such low values of fc1 seem to indicate that emotions play a minor role in determining the Mafiosi personality traits, differently from what has been observed in (lo verso 2013, Lo Verso and Giordano 2015). ...
Objective: Only few studies have investigated social and personality characteristics of members of Italian organized criminal groups: Mafia, Camorra, ‘Ndrangheta, and Sacra Corona Unita. This study aimed to explore the most relevant social and clinical features of Mafia criminals and their psychopathic traits. Method: The Psychopathy Check List-Revised (PCL-R) and a socio-demographic questionnaire were administered to 30 condemned for Mafia crimes and imprisoned in the “Pagliarelli” district prison of Palermo (Italy). The results were investigated applying the methods of Network Theory. Results: The study identified two communities, which were statistically different in terms of history of juvenile delinquency, levels of education, and antisocial and deviant behaviours score at PCL-R. Conclusions: The onset of antisocial behaviour and educational achievement might be relevant variables in understanding mafia offences, as well as antisocial behaviours in general. Moreover, methodologies of Network Theory may be used to characterize real-world complex systems of sociological and clinical dates.
... Over the past two decades, our research team has been studying the Mafia from a psychological perspective in order to achieve a deeper understanding of the culture and mentality underlying the Mafia behaviors from interviews with relatives and affiliates and clinical reports of Mafia members' psychotherapies. These studies have highlighted how the Mafia generates suffering and distress both in its family's members and in its victims and how the identity of Mafia members is inextricably nested in the culture of the families and the community to which they belong (Lo Verso and Lo Coco, 2004;Giordano and Di Blasi, 2012;Giordano and Lo Verso, 2015;Mannino et al., 2015). Moreover, these studies suggest that the identification with the group represents a core dimension in order to explain affiliates' and citizens' attitudes, behaviors, and the overall Mafia's culture (Lo Verso and Lo Coco, 2004;Schimmenti et al., 2014;Mannino et al., 2015). ...
... Moreover, these studies suggest that the identification with the group represents a core dimension in order to explain affiliates' and citizens' attitudes, behaviors, and the overall Mafia's culture (Lo Verso and Lo Coco, 2004;Schimmenti et al., 2014;Mannino et al., 2015). Finally, prevalent denial defense mechanisms to cope with emotions, inflated self-representations, and the lack of guilt observed in Mafia members suggest the presence of specific psychological traits (Lo Verso and Lo Coco, 2004;Schimmenti et al., 2014;Giordano and Lo Verso, 2015). ...
The effects of the Mafia have been extensively studied from sociological, economic, and historical points of view. However, little research has investigated the influence of the Mafia on individuals and communities in terms of its psychological and social impact. In order to contribute to the advancement of our understanding of the psychological effects of the Mafia on individuals and communities and to promote a participative process of social change, a group analytic intervention was conducted within a Community Based Participatory Research carried out in Corleone, a small Sicilian town with a historically recognized role in the evolution of the Mafia, as well as in the fight against its control. Qualitative findings from the group intervention revealed the development of an awareness process that allowed participants to become aware of their social unconscious anxieties and defenses and to recognize and manage the strong emotional impact related to the Mafia's presence in their lives. Highlighting how psychological processes can have negative impacts on individual and collective capacity to pursuit transformation and resilience, this article provides important insight on how clinical psychology may operate in socio-cultural contexts to promote the reconstruction of the traumatic social dimensions in the community.
... From this point of view, entrepreneurship studies are essential to grasp the OC evolutionary process, for they illustrate how bosses often act as "deviant" entrepreneurs (Hipango et al., 2014). This perspective contributes to the understanding of Mafia behaviours that have been investigated in other disciplines, such as psychology, political science and linguistics (Bovenkerk, 2000;Carnevale, 2018;Giordano and Lo Verso, 2015;Poppi et al., 2018). Finally, exploring accounting within a criminal context is crucial for interpreting internal mechanisms as key tools for managing illegal operations. ...
Purpose
Scholarly interest in the business effects of organised crime (OC) has recently increased. This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) on the conditions under which OC could pose a threat to or take control of firms within a particular context.
Design/methodology/approach
We use narrative synthesis and thematic analysis, with a sample of 46 theoretical and empirical studies published over the past 30 years on the relationship between OC and firms within the disciplines of Business, Management and Accounting (BMA).
Findings
SLR and thematic analysis show that scholarly interest has focused on four key domains: OC as a firm, the impact of OC on firms, firms’ efforts to counter OC’s influence and governmental interventions. Using medical metaphors, we also develop a diagram depicting the interplay between OC and firms within the BMA literature.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature shaping an agenda to steer future research towards these four key themes. The effectiveness of anti-OC tools and measures depends on a thorough understanding of local norms, behaviours and business practices. In addition to measurement and methodological challenges, several grey areas remain, including the distinction between criminal enterprises and legitimate businesses. Ambiguities also surround the circumstances under which the OC preys upon firms or employs them to establish dominance over a territory.
... Over the past few years, much has been written about the mafia's (sub) cultural contexts (Dickie, 2005;Ferraro et al., 2015;Licari, 2008), its world (Dean et al., 2010), its internal rules (Lupo, 2004), the perception of mafia in the social context of origin (Iacolino et al., 2017), the traditional role of women within mafia families (Siebert, 1994) and its transformation (Dino, 2012). Authors also discussed the personality structure of mafia members (Capraro et al., 2018;Capraro et al., 2017;Giordano & Lo Verso, 2015), the psychopathic dimension of its members (Caretti et al., 2012;Schimmenti et al., 2014), and the psychological mechanisms involved in the development and growth of members of traditional mafia families (Giordano & Lo Verso, 2014). Some authors described as well the interactions with the cultural context of origin (Lo Verso & Lo Coco, 2004). ...
The Italian mafia organizations represent a subculture with values, beliefs, and goals that are antithetical to and undermining of the predominant society. The conduct of individual members includes such extreme violence for material gain, it may at least superficially suggest a severe personality disorder. Since the first edition of the DSM and into the 21st century, various terms have been used, sometimes interchangeably, but over time inconsistently, to designate the mentality and practices of mafia members. Only recently has the psychology of mafia members become a focus of serious scientific study. For the first time, investigators for the present study applied instruments, including the PCL‐R, to examine for character psychopathology and specifically degrees of psychopathy in male and female mafia members, 20 female and 21 male members. Results showed some gender difference with the women having a higher score on Factor 1, in contrast to men who showed a lower score. Psychopathy and personality disorder were not found to be associated with membership in the mafia for either gender. Some psychopathic traits and gender differences warrant further research. Meanwhile these findings are consistent with a mentality characterized by beliefs and practices determined by a deviant culture rather than psychopathology.
... Over the past few years, much has been written about the mafia's (sub) cultural contexts (Dickie, 2005;Ferraro et al., 2015;Licari, 2008), its world (Dean et al., 2010), its internal rules (Lupo, 2004), the perception of mafia in the social context of origin (Iacolino et al., 2017), the traditional role of women within mafia families (Siebert, 1994) and its transformation (Dino, 2012). Authors also discussed the personality structure of mafia members (Capraro et al., 2018;Capraro et al., 2017;Giordano & Lo Verso, 2015), the psychopathic dimension of its members (Caretti et al., 2012;Schimmenti et al., 2014), and the psychological mechanisms involved in the development and growth of members of traditional mafia families (Giordano & Lo Verso, 2014). Some authors described as well the interactions with the cultural context of origin (Lo Verso & Lo Coco, 2004). ...
... As several authors have also pointed out (Ciconte 2011;Pignatone and Prestipino 2013), familism underlies people's deeply ingrained attitude: only what is near is considered important. Verticalism enacts the strong hierarchical structure that regulates the relationship between the boss and his subordinates (see also Catino 2015;Giordano and Lo Verso 2015). The boss is frequently labelled with terms that indicate the group's obedience, such as "godfather" or "chief". ...
This paper addresses the topic of ideologies underlying organized crime based on interviews with individuals living in Mafia-affected territories. High school and university students produced narratives that reflected their ideologies about organized crime, which were duly compared with the ideologies endorsed by Mafia members in televised interviews. This comparison has yielded several similarities, namely the presence of amoralism, familism, verticalism and religious relativism, but, at the same time, substantial differences in the form of anti-reductionism, anti-normalism and anti-victimism (vis-à-vis reductionism, normalism and victimism). The thrust of this study is that ideologies about organized crime are, to a large extent, shared by members of organized crime and outsiders living in Mafia-affected areas.normalism and anti-victimism (vis-à-vis reductionism, normalism and victimism). The thrust of this study is that ideologies about organized crime are, to a large extent, shared by members of organized crime and outsiders living in Mafia-affected areas.
... Se il danno economico, politico e sociale causato dalle organizzazioni criminali in Italia è ormai documentato ed evidente (Tarantola, 2012), poca attenzione è stata ancora data ai danni psicologici che la mafia produce sui cittadini e su intere comunità. Alcune ricerche realizzate dal gruppo sulla psicologia del fenomeno mafioso dell'Università di Palermo (Lo Verso, 2013;Giordano, Lo Verso 2015;Giordano, 2010;Coppola et al, 2011;Di Blasi et al;2015) hanno messo in luce come le continue pressioni psicologiche inferte dalla mafia alle vittime dirette ed indirette del crimine, producano significative e inevitabili ricadute sul loro sistema familiare e sociale con conseguenti intense ripercussioni sul benessere psico-fisico e sulla qualità della vita. La capillare infiltrazione delle organizzazioni criminali in Italia, inoltre, aumenta sensibilmente il rischio che la popolazione sia esposta ad eventi violenti e traumatici come ad esempio rapine, estorsioni, aggressioni o omicidi, subiti dai cittadini in qualità di vittima diretta o indiretta, cioè testimone o familiare di chi in prima persona incorre in un crimine. ...
... The uomini d'onore belong to the criminal organisation in ways that are certainly more rooted than what corporations' members may for instance experience, but also less subjective than what single individuals experience in relation to his actions (see also Giordano and Lo Verso (2015)). The criminal discourse of Cosa Nostra poses, therefore, the question that denial, justification and legitimation strategies cannot be fully taken into account without considering the system of practices and values that gives shape to the discourse itself. ...
The discursive analysis of criminal organizations’ family dynamics and ideological devices may provide important insights into the inner functioning of these groups. In this article, we describe and analyze a specific set of discursive strategies and the thematic narratives emerging from a TV interview with Giuseppe Riina, a member of Cosa Nostra and the son of one of the most important mafia bosses. Our analyses demonstrate the existence of recurring ideological devices such as reductionism, amoralism, familism, verticalism, normalism, victimism and religious relativism. The results are discussed in light of previous research that examines how discursive strategies and narratives may represent powerful tools for understanding criminal organizations. Family-related discourses, in particular, reveal meanings, values and ideas that contribute to constructing criminal organizations’ internal structure, as well as their relationship with the external world.
This article aims at providing a critical review of the main studies about Mafia in a theoretical psychological and socio-anthropological framework, and investigating the perception of the phenomenon in relation to moral disengagement and values orientation in two groups of Sicilian teenagers, living in contexts with different Mafia density. Today Mafia is represented as a socio-psychological phenomenon, which has managed to make culture, community, family, and individuals coincide; it is founded on an individualistic social conception according to which violence is the strongest form of self-achievement.
Questo lavoro propone una review degli studi sulla psicologia mafiosa che la ricerca
gruppoanalitica soggettuale ha prodotto negli anni (sono 15 dalla pubblicazione del primo lavoro
“Mafia e Follia: il Caso Vitale. Uno studio psicodinamico e psicopatologico” – Psicoterapia e
Scienze Umane, 1995). Tali studi si sono sviluppati lungo tre principali direzioni:
- (a) lo studio sui processi relazionali dialogici tra mondo interno e mondo esterno nelle famiglie
mafiose (Cosa caratterizza il con-cepimento familiare nel mondo mafioso? Come nasce e si
sviluppa il self in relazione alla famiglia e alla polis? Quali fattori psichici caratterizzano
l’appartenenza alla famiglia mafiosa? Come si intrecciano il livello transpersonale familiare e
antropologico nei membri delle famiglie mafiose?);
- (b) lo studio delle dimensioni fondamentaliste e psicopatologiche nel mondo mafioso, anche in
relazione a come esse si presentano nel set(ting) psicoterapeutico (Come si esprime la sofferenza
nel mondo mafioso? Attraverso quali configurazioni psicopatologiche? Quali vissuti co-transferali
attivano, nei terapeuti, i pazienti provenienti da questi mondi?);
- (c) lo studio delle ricadute psichiche sui cittadini e sulle comunità della presenza della mafia con
particolare attenzione alla sofferenza psichica delle vittime (Come si configurano le reti sociali in
comunità fortemente attraversate dalla presenza mafiosa? Quali prezzi psichici pagano le vittime
della mafia? Cosa impone sul piano psichico la minaccia criminale?).
contribution proposes some reflections on identity, sexuality and homophobia in Mafia contexts. The studies on Mafia psychology have allowed so far to highlight how weak is the identity of people belonging to Mafia criminal organizations and the impossibility to conceive diversity in whatever form it presents itself. Homosexuality in particular represents in these contexts the terrifying fear of otherness and the dread of losing control of the impenetrable rigidity Mafia identity is based on.By using fragments of interviews to justice collaborators, the article highlights that what a man of mafia is really scared of is the essential experience of erotic possession (no matter whether heterosexual or homosexual). Each relationship that, like love, requires ability to get lost in the encounter with the other, terrifies the Mafia man who reacts to this threat of possession with the most primitive weapons of defense: submission and annihilation. The authors look at homophobia from a theoretical subjectual group-analysis perspective, which integrates both emotional, and cognitive and socio-cultural aspects.
Because after a murder, I went to Church and asked for God's forgiveness
- English Translation
English translation: " Because after a murder, I went to Church and asked for God's forgiveness. "
For further information, we refer the reader to the article published in Narrare i gruppi [Narrating Groups Identità e omofobia in Cosa Nostra. Un approfondimento gruppoanalitico oggettuale " [Identity and Homophobia. An Objectual Thourough Study from the Perspective of Group-Analysis
- M Di Giordano
- Blasi
For further information, we refer the reader to the article published in Narrare i gruppi [Narrating
Groups]: C. Giordano and M. Di Blasi, " Identità e omofobia in Cosa Nostra. Un approfondimento
gruppoanalitico oggettuale " [Identity and Homophobia. An Objectual Thourough Study from the
Perspective of Group-Analysis], 7(1) (May 2012), website: www.narrareigruppi.it
A cultural approach to clinical psychology: Psychoanalysis and analysis of the demand
- R Carli
- F Giovagnoli
Carli, R., and F. Giovagnoli. 2011. A cultural approach to clinical psychology: Psychoanalysis and analysis of the demand, in Cultural psychologyand psychoanalysis: Pathways
to synthesis, eds. S. Salvatore and T. Zittoun, 117-150. Charlotte, NC: Information
Age Publishing.
L'analisi emozionale del testo. Uno strumento psicologico per leggere testi e discorsi
- R Carli
- R M Paniccia
Carli, R., and R. M. Paniccia. 2002. L'analisi emozionale del testo. Uno strumento psicologico per leggere testi e discorsi. Milan: Franco Angeli.
Il ruolo delle donne nelle organizzazioni criminali
- Donne E Mafie
Donne e mafie. Il ruolo delle donne nelle organizzazioni criminali, 90–103. Università
degli Studi di Palermo. Dipartimento di Scienze Penalistiche e Criminologiche.
Sistemi criminali e metodo mafioso
- A Dino
- L Pepino
Dino, A., and L. Pepino, eds. 2008. Sistemi criminali e metodo mafioso, Milan: Franco
Angeli.
Le radici inconsce dello psichismo mafioso
- I Fiore
Fiore, I. 1997. Le radici inconsce dello psichismo mafioso. Milan: Franco Angeli.
Neoemozioni e colletti bianchi. Relazione presentata al XV congresso nazionale della Associazione italiana di psicologia
- C Giordano
- M Di Blasi
- G Di Falco
Giordano, C., M. Di Blasi, and G. Di Falco. 2013. Neoemozioni e colletti bianchi. Relazione presentata al XV congresso nazionale della Associazione italiana di psicologia
(Sezione Clinica e Dinamica). Naples: Fridericiana editrice universitaria.
Essere figli nella famiglia mafiosa. Un'indagine attraverso il DSSVF, in La valutazione della famiglia. Dalla ricerca all'intervento
- C Giordano
- G Lo Coco
- S Giunta
- G Lo
- Verso
Giordano, C., G. Lo Coco, S. Giunta, and G. Lo Verso. 2005. Essere figli nella famiglia
mafiosa. Un'indagine attraverso il DSSVF, in La valutazione della famiglia. Dalla
ricerca all'intervento, ed. A. M. Di Vita and A. Salerno, 91-105. Milan: Franco
Angeli.
U pizzu. L'Italia del racket e dell'usura
- T Grasso
- A Varano
Grasso, T., and A. Varano. 2002. 'U pizzu. L'Italia del racket e dell'usura. Milan: Baldini
& Castoldi.
Cosa nostra come sistema di potere criminale
- A Ingroia
Ingroia, A. 2008. Cosa nostra come sistema di potere criminale. In Sistemi criminali e
metodo mafioso, eds. A. Dino and L. Pepino, 117-125. Milan: Franco Angeli.
I meccanismi di difesa. Teoria, valutazione, clinica
- V Lingiardi
- F Madeddu
Lingiardi, V., and F. Madeddu. 2002. I meccanismi di difesa. Teoria, valutazione, clinica.
Milan: Raffaello Cortina Editore.
Le relazioni oggettuali. Fondazione della psicologia dinamica e clinica
- Lo Verso
Lo Verso, G. 1994. Le relazioni oggettuali. Fondazione della psicologia dinamica e clinica.
Torino: Bollati Boringhieri.
La psiche mafiosa. Storie di casi clinici e collaboratori di giustizia
- Lo Verso
- G Lo
- Coco
Lo Verso, G., and G. Lo Coco, eds. 2002. La psiche mafiosa. Storie di casi clinici e
collaboratori di giustizia. Milan: Franco Angeli.
Come cambia la mafia. Esperienze giudiziarie e psicoterapeutiche in un paese che cambia
- Lo Verso
- G Lo Coco
- S Mistretta
- G Zizzo
Lo Verso, G., G. Lo Coco, S. Mistretta, and G. Zizzo, eds. 1999. Come cambia la mafia.
Esperienze giudiziarie e psicoterapeutiche in un paese che cambia. Milan: Franco
Angeli.
Individualità e gruppalità. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri
- D Napolitani
Napolitani, D. 1987. Individualità e gruppalità. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri.
La famiglia e il gruppo: Clinica gruppoanalitica e psicopatologia
- G Nucara
- R Menarini
- C Pontalti
Nucara, G., R. Menarini, and C. Pontalti. 1995. La famiglia e il gruppo: Clinica gruppoanalitica e psicopatologia. In La psicodinamica dei gruppi. Teorie e tecniche, eds F. Di
Maria and G. Lo Verso, 237-278. Milan: Raffaello Cortina Editore.
Poteri violenti e mafie
- L Pepino
Pepino, L. 2008. Poteri violenti e mafie, in Sistemi criminali e metodo mafioso, eds A.
Dino, and L. Pepino, 168-187. Milan: Franco Angeli.
Mafia donna. Le vestali del sacro e dell'onore. Palermo: Flaccovio Editore
- T Principato
- A Dino
Principato, T., and A. Dino. 1997. Mafia donna. Le vestali del sacro e dell'onore. Palermo:
Flaccovio Editore.
Sistemi criminali, in Sistemi criminali e metodo mafioso
- R Scarpinato
Scarpinato, R. 2008. Sistemi criminali, in Sistemi criminali e metodo mafioso, eds. A. Dino
and L. Pepino, 151-167. Milan: Franco Angeli.
Le donne, la mafia. Milano: Il Saggiatore
- R Siebert
Siebert, R. 1994. Le donne, la mafia. Milano: Il Saggiatore.
---. 1996. Mafia e quotidianità. Milano: Il Saggiatore.
Identità e omofobia in Cosa Nostra. Un approfondimento gruppoanalitico oggettuale" [Identity and Homophobia. An Objectual Thourough Study from the Perspective of Group-Analysis
- C Giordano
- M Di Blasi
English translation: "Because after a murder, I went to Church and asked for God's forgiveness."
2. For further information, we refer the reader to the article published in Narrare i gruppi [Narrating
Groups]: C. Giordano and M. Di Blasi, "Identità e omofobia in Cosa Nostra. Un approfondimento
gruppoanalitico oggettuale" [Identity and Homophobia. An Objectual Thourough Study from the
Perspective of Group-Analysis], 7(1) (May 2012), website: www.narrareigruppi.it
3. English translation: "He didn't know what to do (what to offer to me)."
Uno strumento psicologico per leggere testi e discorsi
- R Carli
- R M Paniccia
Carli, R., and R. M. Paniccia. 2002. L'analisi emozionale del testo. Uno strumento psicologico per leggere testi e discorsi. Milan: Franco Angeli.
---. 2004. Analisi della domanda. Teoria e tecnica dell'intervento in Psicologia Clinica.
Bologna: Il Mulino.
La donna nelle organizzazioni mafiose
- Di Maria
- G Lo
- Verso
Di Maria, F., and G. Lo Verso. 2003. La donna nelle organizzazioni mafiose. In AA.VV.
Donne e mafie. Il ruolo delle donne nelle organizzazioni criminali, 90-103. Università
degli Studi di Palermo. Dipartimento di Scienze Penalistiche e Criminologiche.
2002. I meccanismi di difesa. Teoria, valutazione, clinica. Milan: Raffaello Cortina Editore
- V Lingiardi
- F Madeddu
Lingiardi, V., and F. Madeddu. 2002. I meccanismi di difesa. Teoria, valutazione, clinica.
Milan: Raffaello Cortina Editore.
Esperienze giudiziarie e psicoterapeutiche in un paese che cambia
- G Lo Verso
- G Lo Coco
- S Mistretta
- G Zizzo
Lo Verso, G., G. Lo Coco, S. Mistretta, and G. Zizzo, eds. 1999. Come cambia la mafia.
Esperienze giudiziarie e psicoterapeutiche in un paese che cambia. Milan: Franco
Angeli.