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10 ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES, jul/aug 2010, VOL. 16, NO. 4
Rollin McCraty, PhD,
Doc Childre
Altern Ther Health Med
Corresponding author: Rollin McCraty, PhD
E-mail: rollin@heartmath.org
All nature is a continuum. The endless complexity of life is organized
into patterns which repeat themselves—theme and variations—at
each level of system. These similarities and differences are proper con-
cerns for science. From the ceaseless streaming of protoplasm to the
many-vectored activities of supranational systems, there are continu-
ous ows through living systems as they maintain their highly orga-
nized steady states. Even more basic to this presentation than the
concept of “system” are the concepts of “space,” “time,” “matter,”
“energy,” and “information,” because the living systems exist in space
and are made of matter and energy organized by information.
Living Systems,
coherence
review article
copyright.comalternative-therapies.com
ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES, jul/aug 2010, VOL. 16, NO. 4 11
auto-coherence
physiological coherence
12 ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES, jul/aug 2010, VOL. 16, NO. 4
energetic systems
physiological
coherence
150
100
50
Mental Focus
(Simple task)
Heart rate (BPM)
150
100
50
0
150
100
50
Relaxation
(“Open-focus” relaxation exercise)
Heart rate (BPM)
150
100
50
Psychophysiological Incoherence
(Anger)
Heart rate (BPM)
0 60 120 180 240 300
150
100
50
Psychophysiological Coherence
(Appreciation)
Heart rate (BPM)
PSD (ms /Hz)
2
150
100
50
0
PSD (ms /Hz)
2
150
100
50
0
PSD (ms /Hz)
2
700
600
150
100
50
0
PSD (ms /Hz)
2
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
FIGURE 1
Mental focus
Psychophysiological Incoherence
Relaxation
Psychophysiological coherence
ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES, jul/aug 2010, VOL. 16, NO. 4 13
060 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.3
0.32
70
80
90
Time (seconds)
(BPM)
(Seconds)
AMP (mV)
Heart Rate Variability
Heart Rate Variability
Blood Pressure
Blood Pressure
Respiration
Respiration
0.00E+0
2.00E-5
4.00E-5
6.00E-5
8.00E-5
0.00E+0
2.00E-6
4.00E-6
6.00E-6
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
0.050.1 0.15 0.20.250.3 0.35 0.4
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Frequency Frequency
0.05 0.10.150.2 0.25 0.30.35 0.4
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
FIGURE 2
14 ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES, jul/aug 2010, VOL. 16, NO. 4
Mental
Physical Emotional
Spiritual
Coherence
• Physical flexibility
• Endurance
• Strength
• Attention span
• Mental flexibility
• Optimistic world view
• Incorporating multiple
points of view
• Emotional range
and flexibility
• Positive feelings
• Self-regulation
• Relationships
• Commitment to
core values
• Flexibility and
tolerance of others’
values and beliefs
• Intuition
FIGURE 3
ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES, jul/aug 2010, VOL. 16, NO. 4 15
the intuitive heart heart
intelligence
Cerebral cortex
Dorsal vagal complex
Nucleus of tractus
solitarius (NTS)
• Body perception
• Pain perception
• Arousal (sleep/waking)
• Fear/Anxiety
• Analgesia
• Fight-or-flight
• Affective defense
• Receives afferent input from
heart,lungs, baroreceptor nerves,
chemoreceptors,upper respiratory
and alimentary tracts, and face
• Blood monitoring
• Food poisoning
• Motion sickness
• Emesis (vomiting)
• Emotional perception
• Hunger perception
Olfactory
input Periaqueductal gray
(PAG)
Hypothalamus Thalamus
Visual and
auditory input
Parabrachial
complex
Facial
input
Vagus
nerve
Taste
input
Arena
postrema
Medulla oblongata Subcortical
Amygdala
FIGU R E 4
16 ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES, jul/aug 2010, VOL. 16, NO. 4
ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES, jul/aug 2010, VOL. 16, NO. 4 17
18 ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES, jul/aug 2010, VOL. 16, NO. 4
ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES, jul/aug 2010, VOL. 16, NO. 4 19
Social coherence Global coherence
Individual coherence
FIGURE 5
20 ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES, jul/aug 2010, VOL. 16, NO. 4
ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES, jul/aug 2010, VOL. 16, NO. 4 21
1750 1770 1790 1810 1830
1750 1770 1790 1810 1830
1840 1880 1860 1900 1920
1840 1880 1860 1900 1920
Year
N
o. of important
historical events
N
o. of sunspots
No. of important
historical events
No. of sunspots
15
10
5
0
150
100
50
0
15
10
5
0
150
100
50
0
FIGURE 6
22 ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES, jul/aug 2010, VOL. 16, NO. 4
The Undivided Universe: An Ontological Interpretation of Quantum Theory
The Interconnected Universe: Conceptual Foundations of Transdiciplinary Unied
Theory
Quantum Shift in the Global Brain: How the New Scientic Reality Can Change Us
and Our World.
The Random House College Dictionary
S ci Am.
The Rainbow and the Worm: The Physics of Organisms
Looking for Spinoza: Joy, Sorrow, and the Feeling Brain
A User’s Guide to the Brain: Perception, Attention, and the Four Theaters of the Brain
Prog Brain Res.
Behav Brain Sci.
Nature.
Integ
Rev.
Altern Ther Health Med.
J Soc Evol Syst.
Bioelectromagnetic Medicine
The Coherent Heart: Heart-Brain
Interactions, Psychophysiological Coherence, and the Emergence of System-wide Order
Integr Physiol Behav Sci.
Shift.
The Psycholog y of Gratitude
Stress in Health and Disease
Clinical Psychology and Heart Disease.
Subtle Energies.
Am J Cardiol.
Handbook of Cognition and
Emotion
Handbook of Positive
Psychology
Acta Psychiatr Scand.
Bioelectromagnetic Medicine
Brain and Perception: Holonomy and Structure in Figural Processing
Conscious Acts of Creation: The Emergence of a New
Physics
World Future J Gen Evol.
Int J Gen Syst.
Self-
Awareness: Its Nature and Development
J Math Imag Vision.
Child Dev
J Am Coll
Cardiol.
J Pers Soc Psychol.
Obes Res.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf).
Obes Res.
Diabet Med.
Am J Cardiol.
Dev
Psychopathol.
Ann Behav Med.
Chest.
Anesthesia: Biologic Foundations
Mechanisms of Blood Pressure
Waves
Mechanisms of Blood Pressure
ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES, jul/aug 2010, VOL. 16, NO. 4 23
Waves
Psychosom Med.
Med Biol Eng Comput.
Am J Physiol.
Visceral Sensory Neuroscience: Interoception
Epilepsia.
Neurocardiology
Exp Neurol.
Neurocardiology
Basic
and Clinical Neurocardiology
Sci Am.
Endoc Rev.
J Clin Invest.
Braz J Med Biol Res.
J Clin Invest.
Reex Control of the Circulation
Neurocardiology: Anatomical and Functional Principles
J Altern Complement Med.
J Altern Complement Med.
Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback.
J Altern Complement
Med.
Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback.
The HeartMath Solution
Overcoming Emotional Chaos: Eliminate Anxiety, Lift Depression and
Create Security in Your Life
Transforming Stress: The HeartMath Solution to Relieving Worry,
Fatigue, and Tension
Arch Ital Biol.
Appl Psychophyisol Biofeedback.
Biol Psychol.
J Trauma
Dissociation.
Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback.
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A ppl
Psychophysiol Biofeedback.
Chest.
Appl
Psychophysiol Biofeedback.
Chest.
Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback.
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Appl Psychophysiol
Biofeedback.
Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback.
Psychological Stress: Issues in Research
Physiological Correlates of Emotion
J Pers Soc
Psychol.
Psychosom Med.
Arch Psychol (Frankf).
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Psychobiology: Issues and Applications
Am J
Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol.
Altern Ther Health Med.
Alter Ther Health Med.
Int J Psychophysiol.
J Adv Med.
Stress Med.
Brain and
Values: Is a Biological Science of Values Possible
Appl Psych Biofeedback.
Emotio nal Self- regulation Program Enhances
Psychological Health and Quality of Life in Patients With Diabetes
Appl
Psychophysiol Biofeedback.
Psychosomatics.
Altern Ther Health Med.
Encounter: Education for
Meaning and Social Justice.
Stress Med.
Heart-brain Neurodynamics: The Making of Emotions
Impact of the Power to Change
Performance Program on Stress and Health Risks in Correctional Ofcers
Charisma and Social Structure: A Study of Love and Power, Wholeness and
Transformation
Self-
Awareness: Its Nature and Development
Am J Epidemiol.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
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The Healing Brain: Breakthrough Discoveries about How the Brain Keeps
Us Healthy
A Cry Unheard: New Insights into the Medical Consequences of Loneliness
Psychol Bull.
Social Support and Health
24 ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES, jul/aug 2010, VOL. 16, NO. 4
Love and Survival: The Scientic Basis for the Healing Power of Intimacy
The Effect of Employee Self-
management Training on Personal and Organizational Quality.
White Paper.
Reducing Test
Anxiety and Improving Test Performance in America’s Schools: Results from the TestEdge
National Demonstration Study
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Progr Theor Phys Suppl.
Explorer
J
Sci Explor.
Energy Magazine.
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