This chapter presents and discusses contemporary cutting-edge brain stimulation techniques that have been successful in enhancing high-level cognitive functions in healthy individuals. It focuses primarily on major advances related to language, cognitive control, numerical cognition, planning, learning, and memory research using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), and transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS). A methodological section then specifies the considerations involved in designing and evaluating a tDCS experiment in the context of cognitive research. The conclusion examines the implications of recent data and suggests avenues for experimental research into future uses of brain stimulation.