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Individuelle Behandlung des Tumorschmerzes
Abstract
Schmerzen bei Tumorerkrankungen schränken die Lebensqualität der Patienten in hohem Maß ein. Nach den Leitlinien der Tumorschmerztherapie und dem WHO-Stufenschema ist auch für die allermeisten Krebskranken eine entlastende und differenzierte Schmerzbehandlung möglich.
This research paper studies trends and hotspots of management internationalization in the sphere of higher education. The survey is based on CiteSpace visualization technology and on the corpus approach to studying keywords and annotations for 2010–2021 publications in 25 major higher education journals. Keywords analysis by CiteSpace showed that the hotspots of the management internationalization research are focused on postgraduate education management, on the projects «Double First Class University Plan», «Greater Bay Area», «Cooperation in Running Schools», etc. The future possible areas of investigation are the «local internationalization» of university management, the internationalization of management in terms of international-level specialties and first-class universities’ nationalization, as well as the contradiction of the «spillover effect» between university management and cross-university cooperation. The corpus-based analysis showed that over the past 12 years the studies of internationalization of higher education and its management have been carried out within the large-scale project «One Belt – One Road» and economic globalization. These studies include the modules of universities’ development, university education, academic research, school management strategy, etc. To effectively address the challenges faced by higher education internationalization management, the authors propose to take advantage of consistent teaching quality and to leverage regional and local resources, so as to create a multidimensional platform that would interconnect talents and ways to use them. Of no less importance, when summarizing such experience, is it to take into account the historical background, so that this platform, certainly engaging state policy, would allow a reform of higher education globalization for its further development.
Context. Pain is one of the most frequent symptoms in cancer patients. Appropriate and elaborate cancer pain management according to a patient's individual needs requires taking the patient history, clinical examination, diagnosis of the cause of pain and consideration of the principles of the World Health Organization (WHO) analgesic ladder. Only then can a differentiated and individual pain therapy adapted to the needs of the patient be carried out. Methods. Research and analysis oft the current literature. Objective. This article provides an overview about the basic principles of cancer pain management according to the WHO analgesic ladder, the epidemiology of pain in cancer patients, new aspects of diagnosing and basic principles of the management of tumor-induced long-term and breakthrough pain.