No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
Abstract
Background: Candida albicans is a member of the normal flora of the skin, mucous membrane and gastrointestinal tract. Vaginal candidiasis remains a significant problem in women in childbearing age, Majority of the cases are caused by C. albicans and recurrence is common in spite of topical treatment. Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop the antifungal agent from the medicinal herbs traditionally used in Korea. Method: In this study, the extracts and essential oils from Foeniculum vulgare and Illicium verum were examined for antifungal activities against C. albicans. Result: Dichloromethane extracts and essential oils from Foeniculum vulgare and Illicium verum showed antifungal activity against C. albicans. One fraction from Illicium verum with antifungal activity was founf out as 1-methoxy-4-(2-prophenyl) benzene. Conclusion: Dichloromethane extract and 1-methoxy-4-(2-prophenyl) benzene with antifungal activity from Illicium verum could be the candidate for a new antifungal agent for candidiasis and other fungal diseases.
... Volume (1) Issue (1): 1-25 Table 6. Anise uses, nutrition content and health benefits [79][80][81][82][83]. The results showed that the addition of vanilla and cinnamon produced better results with taste than cocoa and chocolate and the cookies containing 10 % spirulina were more acceptable than those containing 15 % spirulina. ...
... Besides being used as a flavoring agent, anise has also been used throughout history for medicinal purposes. Cloves fragrance is powerful, sweet-spicy and hot[79][80][81][82][83]. Clove is used as a flavoring agent and for medicinal purposes. ...
1. Abstract The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding natural food flavoring additives (annas, cloves, cinnamon, cocoa, chocolate, vanilla and coconut) and food coloring additives (Raspberry Rose E124, Sunset Yellow E 110 and Tartrazine Yellow E 102) to traditional Egyptian cookies containing spirulina, as a source of natural bioactive molecules, on the acceptability of the smell, taste and color of the cookies using a sensory evaluation panel of 10 members. The initial smell of cookies containing spirulina was musty-seawater to fishy-seawater and the taste was sour and bitter. The food flavoring additives cocoa, chocolate and cinnamon powders and anise and clove oils affected the taste and smell of spirulina cookies, but their effects did not enhance the acceptability of these cookies. Addition of coconut and vanilla oils improved the taste and smell and enhanced the acceptability of the cookies. They made the taste delicious, made the smell extremely pleasant and much sweeter and significantly increased the degree of acceptance. The color of cookies containing spirulina was dark bluish green. This bluish green color of spirulina shifted towards red and brownish red after the addition of the Raspberry Rose E124 and Sunset Yellow E110, respectively. However, the acceptability of these cookies was low as the first added salty taste and the second added sour taste to the cookies. Addition of Tartrazine Yellow E 102 enhanced the acceptability of the cookies color. The color of spirulina shifted towards brown which was highly acceptable as the cookies looked like chocolate cookies. The results showed that adding spirulina and coconut and vanilla oils into cookies increased their nutritional values. Spirulina and coconut and vanilla oils contain protein, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals and are rich in antioxidants, all of which will have significant health benefits to school children in Egypt who suffer from malnutrition. 2.
... Many African tribes use Muthala (a traditional chewing stick), 50 which is scientifically known as Diospyros lysioides DESF 36 and/or Euclea natalensis A.D.C. 38 Several studies indicate the presence of antioxidative and antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antiadhesive, and antibacterial properties of herbal plants. 3,45,59 Plants produce potential biologically active components. These secondary metabolites provide immunity to the host plant. ...
The Indian cuisine is enriched with different flavouring agents and seasonings which contain various active principles. Thus, long term consumption of these condiments might have both positive and negative impacts. In this review, we have enlisted 5 types of leaf condiments (Ocimum tenuiflorum, Petroselinum crispum, Laurus nobilis, Coriandrum sativum,andCymbopogon citratus) and 5 types of seed condiments (Myristica fragrans, Brassica nigra, Cuminum cyminum, Trigonella foenumgraceum and Foeniculum vulgare) and discussed about their origins, usage, and their beneficial effects and detrimental effects (if any) when consumed for a long time. Throughout this study, we explore multifarious health benefits offered by these flavouring agents with respect to their anti-diabetic properties, anti-tumour properties, antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory properties etc. Recently, the anti-proliferative, anti-hypercholesterolemic properties of spices have gained overriding importance, as they attend to the key health concerns of mankind nowadays. Therefore, detailed research might be carried out in the future so as to purify the active ingredients in these flavouring agents, to understand closely their mode of action so that they can be used in medicinal purposes.
... Foeniculum vulgare showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans. It may be a new and effective antifungal agent for candidiasis and other fungal diseases [44]. ...
ABSTRACT
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) is one of the oldest known spice plants, counted among the world's most important medicinal plants, due to its economic importance and important pharmaceutical industry applications. Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) belonging to the Apiaceae family is used for many traditional therapeutic purposes. Compiled data on their many in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antinociceptive, antipyretic, antispasmodic, antithrombotic, apoptotic, cardiovascular, chemo modulatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and memory-enhancing properties indicate its efficacy.
Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) is widely used as a carminative, digestive, galactagogue, and diuretic, gastrointestinal disorders, and in the treatment of respiratory. It is also used as a galactagogue agent for lactating mothers. Its seeds are used as a flavoring in baked goods, meat and fish dishes, alcoholic beverages, ice cream, and herb mixtures.
Foeniculum vulgare is responsible for its antioxidant activity. In Foeniculum vulgare, volatile aroma compounds make it an excellent flavoring agent. Volatile aroma compounds such as estragole, trans-anethole, and fenchone have been reported as major phytoconstituents of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel ) species. Foeniculum vulgare provides a remarkable foundation in pharmaceutical biology for the development/manufacture of new drugs and future clinical uses.
The purpose of the review is to gather information available in this literature regarding botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, safety, and toxicology of Foeniculum vulgare.
... Foeniculum vulgare showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans. It may be a new and effective antifungal agent for candidiasis and other fungal diseases [44]. ...
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) is one of the oldest known spice plants, counted among the world's most important medicinal plants, due to its economic importance and important pharmaceutical industry applications. Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) belonging to the Apiaceae family is used for many traditional therapeutic purposes. Compiled data on their many in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antinociceptive, antipyretic, antispasmodic, antithrombotic, apoptotic, cardiovascular, chemo modulatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and memory-enhancing properties indicate its efficacy. Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) is widely used as a carminative, digestive, galactagogue, and diuretic, gastrointestinal disorders, and in the treatment of respiratory. It is also used as a galactagogue agent for lactating mothers. Its seeds are used as a flavoring in baked goods, meat and fish dishes, alcoholic beverages, ice cream, and herb mixtures. Foeniculum vulgare is responsible for its antioxidant activity. In Foeniculum vulgare, volatile aroma compounds make it an excellent flavoring agent. Volatile aroma compounds such as estragole, trans-anethole, and fenchone have been reported as major phytoconstituents of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) species. Foeniculum vulgare provides a remarkable foundation in pharmaceutical biology for the development/manufacture of new drugs and future clinical uses. The purpose of the review is to gather information available in this literature regarding botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, safety, and toxicology of Foeniculum vulgare.
... European Pharmacopoeia (10 th ed.) limits for bitter fennel fruit EO, sweet fennel fruit EO, anise fruit EO, and star anise EO [7], and ISO standard limits for anise fruit EO [55] [59]. In a previous study by Dadalioğlu and Evrendilek, FFA was found to be bactericidal at comparable concentrations, between 20 μl/ml and 80 μl/ml, against E. coli and S. aureus [60]. ...
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) and anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) are well-known aromatic plants with traditional use as medicinal and culinary spices and herbs. As part of a broader study, the aim of this investigation was to determine the chemical composition of fennel fruit essential oil (Foeniculi fructus aetheroleum, FFA) and anise fruit essential oil (Anisi aetheroleum, AA) and to assess their antimicrobial potential. Hydrodistilled FFA from fruits gathered in central Macedonia was subjected to physico-chemical analysis, as well as commercial AA, which was obtained from a local vendor. The chemical composition of both essential oils was determined using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. The main component of both essential oils was trans-anethole. The antimicrobial action of both essential oils (FFA and AA) was tested against several bacterial cultures and compared to standard antimicrobial agents. The microorganisms used in this research were Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus pumilus NCTC 8241, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538,), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027), and fungi (Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9763 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231). The microdilution test enabled determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of all samples used in the experiment against all of the test microorganisms. It was concluded that FFA and AA have moderate antibacterial activity and affect the growth of the Gram positive and the Gram negative bacteria. On the other, they are potent antifungal agents and affect the growth of S. cerevisiae ATCC 9763 and C. albicans ATCC 10231. AA was observed to have a slightly higher antimicrobial activity when compared to FFA. Based on the chemical composition of the samples, a connection was proposed between the trans-anethole content of the essential oils and their antimicrobial properties.
... Dichloromethane extracts and essential oils from F. vulgare showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans. It could be the candidate for a new antifungal agent for candidiasis and other fungal diseases [108]. b) Antioxidant activities: Now a day's naturally-occurring antioxidants are popular to use to protect human beings from oxidative stress damage. ...
... Dichloromethane extracts and essential oils from F. vulgare showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans. It could be the candidate for a new antifungal agent for candidiasis and other fungal diseases (Park et al., 2010). ...
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. with common name fennel, is a very popular spice as well as an important traditional Chinese medicine. The plant is native to Southern Europe and Mediterranean region. It has two important subspecies of Capillaceum and Piperitum. It mainly contains essential oil, fatty acids and phenolic compounds, etc. The most intense odor compounds of fennel are trans-anethole, estragole and fenchone. Fennel has many biological activities due to its volatile and nonvolatile compounds, and it has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating various conditions, particularly rheumatism, cold pain and stomach disorder. It is also used as a spice for its aromatic fruit. This review covers progresses on the chemistry, pharmacology and nutraceutical value of fennel, and aims to lay the foundation for further study and utilization of fennel.
... Dichloromethane extracts and essential oils from F. vulgare showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans. It could be a potential candidate for a new antifungal agent for candidiasis and other fungal diseases [97]. In an in vitro study, aqueous and alcoholic seed extracts of F. vulgare exhibited inhibitory effect against Alternaria alternata, Mucor rouxii, and Aspergillus flavus [98]. ...
Foeniculum vulgare Mill commonly called fennel has been used in traditional medicine for a wide range of ailments related to digestive, endocrine, reproductive, and respiratory systems. Additionally, it is also used as a galactagogue agent for lactating mothers. The review aims to gather the fragmented information available in the literature regarding morphology, ethnomedicinal applications, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of Foeniculum vulgare. It also compiles available scientific evidence for the ethnobotanical claims and to identify gaps required to be filled by future research. Findings based on their traditional uses and scientific evaluation indicates that Foeniculum vulgare remains to be the most widely used herbal plant. It has been used for more than forty types of disorders. Phytochemical studies have shown the presence of numerous valuable compounds, such as volatile compounds, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and amino acids. Compiled data indicate their efficacy in several in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antinociceptive, antipyretic, antispasmodic, antithrombotic, apoptotic, cardiovascular, chemomodulatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and memory enhancing property. Foeniculum vulgare has emerged as a good source of traditional medicine and it provides a noteworthy basis in pharmaceutical biology for the development/formulation of new drugs and future clinical uses.
The advancement of clinical medicine established exceptionally in today’s era is used to cure many infectious diseases. Unfortunately, the negative aftermath associated with synthetic drugs has caused many to turn their attention towards an alternative, which is natural plant-extract drugs. Plant-based drugs have a vast number of benefits and applications in the biomedical field and are further formulated with nanocomposite hydrogel, namely sodium alginate. Sodium alginate is a biopolymer that is water-soluble, non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable, therefore having a high demand in the medical field. The objective of this review is to highlight the nanotechnology development that is used in the medical field to enhance the therapeutic effects of naturally occurring drugs. This review will discuss the use of sodium alginate nanocomposite to create a nanohybrid drug loaded with plant extracts.
The use of natural products as medicinally active organic compounds is a very sustainable and green approach. Over recent years scientists have successfully discovered the potential of spices in the field of clinical and medicinal chemistry. Various organic compounds present in spices possess significant values as antimicrobial, anticancer, antiinflammatory, antiproliferative, antidiabetic, and antihistaminic agents. Spices are also rich in antioxidant components and are potential inhibitors of inflammation. Because of the presence of several bioactive compounds, spices are used as promising defensive or ameliorative agents in several clinical trials. On the other hand, spices contain contents that are very low in calories and are comparatively economically reliable sources of potential bioactive compounds in diet. This paper describes the use of a few natural spices in medicinal chemistry.
Introduction: Due to antimicrobial and dental plaque control activities, herbal mouthwashes lead to an improvement in oral health. Although chemical mouthwashes have demonstrated the greatest antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, their usage has been limited because of their numerous side effects. The aim of this study was to assess the antifungal activity of herbal mixtures containing Nigella sativa, Foeniculum vulgare and Camellia sinensis against oral isolates of Candida from denture wearers. Methods: We selected 93 individuals wearing complete denture prosthesis. Samples were collected from oral mucosa and dentures and cultured onto Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA). The antifungal activities of N. sativa, F. vulgare and C. sinensis and their mixtures (no. 1, 2 and 3) against oral isolates of Candida were determined using punch-hole test. Results: The oral cavities of all denture wearers were colonized with yeasts. Among the Candida species, Candida albicans was the most frequently recovered species (45; 48.4%), followed by C. tropicalis (14; 15%), C. krusei (9; 9.7%), C. glabrata (6; 6.5%), C. dubliniensis (4; 4.3%) and Candida spp. (15; 16.1%). Among the tested plants, N. sativa (mean value: 12.3 mm) and F. vulgare (mean value: 7.9 mm) showed positive results against all Candida isolates. The results exhibited that all herbal mixtures were active against various tested Candida isolates, ranging from 7.8 to 15 mm, 7.6 to 15.5 mm and 7 to 15 mm inhibition zones for herbal mixtures no. 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Conclusion: The results indicated that C. albicans was the most prevalent Candida species. N. sativa and F. vulgare were good antifungal agents against oral species of Candida isolated from individuals wearing complete dentures, hence, there is a possible usefulness as therapeutic agents.
Until two to three decades ago, only a few drugs were available for the treatment of fungal infections. The status of antifungal therapy changed dramatically in the late 1960s with the introduction of newer broader spectrum agents, such as the iodinated trichlorophenols and the imidazoles, that acted by disruption of the fungal cell membrane. Some of the more recently developed broad-spectrum antifungal drugs include the triazoles terconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole and the dimethylmorpholine amorolfine. The allylamines represent one of the newest classes of compounds shown to be effective in the management of fungal disorders. The two members of this unique chemical class that have been studied clinically, naftifine and terbinafine, are effective against a wide spectrum of fungal organisms. Terbinafine has the added advantage of both topical and oral activity.
For pharmaceuticals ranging from digitalis to vincristine the ethnobotanical approach to drug discovery has proven successful. The advent of high-throughput, mechanism-based in vitro bioassays coupled with candidate plants derived from pain-staking ethnopharmacological research has resulted in the discovery of new pharmaceuticals such as prostratin, a drug candidate for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus, as well as a variety of novel antiinflammatory compounds. Not all Western diseases are equally likely to be recognized by indigenous peoples. Gastrointestinal maladies, inflammation, skin infections and certain viral diseases are likely to be of high saliency to indigenous healers, whereas diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular illness are unlikely to be easily diagnosed by indigenous peoples. Yet indigenous remedies may indicate pharmacological activity for maladies such as schizophrenia, for which the biochemical mechanisms have yet to be discovered. Ethnopharmacological information can be used to provide three levels of resolution in the search for new drugs: (1) as a general indicator of non-specific bioactivity suitable for a panel of broad screens; (2) as an indicator of specific bioactivity suitable for particular high-resolution bioassays; (3) as an indicator of pharmacological activity for which mechanism-based bioassays have yet to be developed.
The insecticidal activities of materials derived from the fruit of star anise, Illicium verum , against adults of Blattella germanica were examined by direct contact application and fumigation methods, and compared with those of DDVP, deltamethrin and hydramethylnon. The biologically active constituent of the Illicium fruit was characterized as the phenylpropene, ( E )‐anethole, by spectroscopic analysis. In a filter paper diffusion test with females, ( E )‐anethole caused 80.3% mortality at 0.159 mg cm ⁻² at 1 and 3 days after treatment (DAT), whereas 16.7% mortality at 3 DAT was achieved at 0.079 mg cm ⁻² . DDVP and deltamethrin gave >90% mortality at 0.019 mg cm ⁻² at 1 DAT. At 0.009 mg cm ⁻² , DDVP and deltamethrin showed 73.3 and 60% mortality at 1 DAT, respectively, but 93.3 and 76.7% mortality at 3 DAT. Hydramethylnon exhibited 0 and 93.3% mortality at 0.159 mg cm ⁻² at 1 and 3 DAT, respectively, whereas 6.7% mortality at 3 DAT was observed at 0.079 mg cm ⁻² . In a fumigation test with females, ( E )‐anethole was much more effective in closed cups than in open ones, indicating that the insecticidal activity of the compound was largely attributable to fumigant action. ( E )‐Anethole and DDVP caused 100% mortality at 0.398 and 0.051 mg cm ⁻² 4 and 1 h after treatment, respectively. ( E )‐Anethole showed 46.7% mortality at 0.199 mg cm ⁻² at 3 DAT, whereas deltamethrin and hydramethylnon at 0.796 mg cm ⁻² was ineffective for 3‐day period. As naturally occurring insect‐control agents, the I verum fruit‐derived materials described could be useful for managing populations of B germanica .
© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
The composition of hexane extract constituents of ripe mericarps ("achenes") of eleven indigenous populations of Foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare (Apiaceae) was studied. Natural populations were selected along a gradient of annual rainfall from ca. 1000 mm in the northern region down to 125 mm in the Negev desert. Eighteen constituents, with estragole, trans-anethole, fenchone, limonene and alpha-pinene as the major components were separated by GC-MS. Characterized by the level of estragole and trans-anethole, four different groups were obtained: (1) highest estragole (63%) and the lowest trans-ane-thole (3%) characterized the population of Mt. Meron; (2) estra-gole (39-47%) and trans-anethole (17-29%) in 3 mountainous populations; (3) estragole (21-29%) and trans-anethole (38-49%) in the coastal and lowland populations; (4) two exceptional populations with the lowest content of estragole (ca.8%) and high content of trans-anethole (55 and 74%). A reversed association between the content of estragole and trans-anethole suggests a common precursor. In habitats with a high precipitation, the content of estragole was high and that of trans-anethole was low, and vice versa under limited rainfall. It is proposed that the composition of oleoresins of F. vulgare var. vulgare could be governed by environmental conditions. Nevertheless, it is not ruled out that genetic variations account for the recorded differences.