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Die Gattung Serapias L. Eine taxonomische Übersicht
... Il genere Serapias L. 1753 è costituito da oltre trenta specie mediterranee (Delforge 2016), con centro di origine compreso tra la Puglia e le isole dell'Egeo (Baumann & Künkele 1989). La caratteristica disposizione di petali e sepali, conniventi a formare un casco, permette a queste orchidee di attrarre gli insetti, generalmente imenotteri, a scopo di riposo (Dafni et al. 1981) o di riparo dalle avversità atmosferiche (Gumprecht 1977). ...
... Serapias politisii Renz 1928, rinvenuta a Corfù e descritta come ibrido tra S. bergonii e S. parviflora, fu poi elevata a rango di specie da Baumann & Künkele (1989). Fu segnalata successivamente per la Grecia continentale (Etolia), le isole egee, l'Anatolia occidentale (Kapteyn Den Boumeester & Willing 1988); in Italia è segnalata soltanto in Puglia (Bianco et al. 1992), ma risulta diffusissima in Salento, dove le due specie condividono gli stessi habitat e pressoché lo stesso periodo di fioritura (Gennaio et al. 2010). ...
... longipetala (Ten.) H.Baumann & Künkele 1989] Descriptio: planta robusta, erecta, 40 cm alta; scapus primum viridis, basi nigri ma-Fig. 3. I due esemplari dell'ibrido S. ×watersii, Ugento (LE), 21.4.2017 ...
INTRODUZIONE Il genere Serapias L. 1753 è costituito da oltre trenta specie mediterranee (Delforge 2016), con centro di origine compreso tra la Puglia e le isole dell'Egeo (Baumann & Künkele 1989). La caratteristica disposizione di petali e sepali, conniventi a formare un casco, permette a queste orchidee di attrarre gli insetti, generalmente imenotteri, a scopo di riposo (Dafni et al. 1981) o di riparo dalle avversità atmosferiche (Gum-precht 1977). In tal modo, venendo a contatto con il ginostemio, le masse polliniche si attaccano sul capo dell'insetto e vengono trasportate nella cavità stigmatica di un altro fiore nel momento in cui andrà nuovamente ad infilarsi nel casco tepalico, effettuando l'impollinazione incrociata (Felicioli et al. 1998) (Fig. 3). A causa proprio di un impedimento sterico (steric hindrance), termine ru-bato alla chimica organica, non tutti gli insetti possono essere ospitati nel ca-sco tepalico della stessa specie; per rimuovere le masse polliniche è necessa-ria una "corrispondenza" tra la forma e la capienza del tubo fiorale e l'insetto stesso; in un certo qual modo si potrebbe parlare di insetti impollinatori "specifici", che possono essere anche differenti tra diverse località geografiche per la stessa specie. Peraltro vi è anche un'alta percentuale di formazione di ibridi interspecifici tra taxa che presentano caratteri morfometrici del casco tepalico similari (es.: S. vomeracea e S. cor-digera, ecc.) e una più bassa tra taxa con caratteristiche morfometriche differenti (es: S. apulica e S. politisii, ecc.), risultando più rari, come per esempio S. ×rainei, ibrido tra S. cordigera e S. parviflora (Lumare & Medagli 2017b). ____________________ 1
... WHAT IS "MINOR"? According to Baumann & Künkele (1986) the type of Ophrys lutea is defined by Cavanilles (1793) and that of Ophrys lutea subsp. minor by Todaro (1842 Delforge (2006), the author draws again lines of the external border of the lateral lobe of the lip and the longitudinal axis. ...
... minor (position 2) is invalid according to Again, Ophrys minor (position 4 + 5) is invalid: unfortunately, we did not pay attention to the fact that on the species level the name "minor" does not have priority over "galilaea". According to Baumann & Künkele (1986) the small O. lutea should be named O. galilaea, at least in its eastern area of distribution. ...
... Il tipo di Ophrys lutea è descritto da Cavanilles (1793) e quello di Ophrys lutea subsp. minor da Todaro (1842) (Baumann & Künkele 1986). Le illustrazioni di O. lutea ( fig. ...
in order to clarify the names, the original literature was gathered and translated. The text sections were scanned and important passages were underlined in red. From the survey emerge at least three taxa in the section Pseudophrys, subsection Lutea: Ophrys lutea with var. lutea and var. galilaea and Ophrys sicula. The distribution areas overlap between Sardegna and Rhode Island. The epitheton " minor " is eliminated in Ophrys lutea. Ophrys lutea und Ophrys sicula are not separated by phenology. In the overlapping distribution areas hybrids of both species have to be considered.
... Serapias Linneaus (1753: 949), with about 30 perennial geophytic species (Delforge 2016), has essentially a Mediterranean distribution, ranging from the Azores to the Caucasus north to southern England, with its centre of diversity in southern Italy and the Greek islands (Baumann & Künkele 1989). It is common in Apulia (Gennaio et al. 2010). ...
... A hybrid origin is unexpected because one of putative parental species, S. parviflora Parlatore (1837: 66), is an autogamous species (Bellusci et al. 2009). In any case, among more than 20 hybrids described in Serapias, Serapias ×todaroi Tineo (1846) is a hybrid between S. lingua Linneaus (1753: 950) and S. parviflora (Tineo 1846, Baumann & Künkele 1989, Segota et al. 2018. The floral morphology of Serapias ×todaroi is mostly influenced by S. lingua, whereas the vegetative traits are mostly influenced by S. parviflora (Segota et al. 2018). ...
Serapias ausoniae, here described as a new species, is known only from the southern part of the Apulia, Italy. The new taxon is morphologically similar to S. parviflora but is larger than sympatric S. parviflora specimens. Serapias ausoniae is characterized by larger floral elements, in particular, the bract is longer (~ 5.0 cm) and wider (~ 1.5 cm) and the dimensions of epichile, hypochile, petals and sepals are on average 40–50% larger than S. parviflora. Karyological analyses showed that the new taxon is a tetraploid (2n = 72), whereas sympatric and allopatric S. parviflora specimens are diploids (2n = 36). Moreover, genetic analyses suggest that the new taxon is of autopolyploid origin.
... Serapias is a group of Orchidaceae that is mainly found in the Mediterranean basin, the Canaries, and the Azores [47]. It is a taxonomically challenging group for infragenus identification that has also undergone numerous taxonomic revisions in recent years, which have led to the description of new species [48]. ...
This article provides a summary of the current knowledge on the cytogenetics of four genera, which are all composed of 36 chromosomes, within the Orchidinae subtribe (Orchidaceae). Previous classical studies have revealed differences in karyomorphology among these genera, indicating genomic diversity. The current study includes an analysis of the current knowledge with an update of the karyotype of 47 species with 36 chromosomes from the genera Anacamptis, Serapias, Himantoglossum, and Ophrys. The study discusses comparisons of karyotypes among these genera that used traditional techniques as well as karyotype asymmetry relationships with various asymmetry indices. Additionally, the study reports new findings on polyploidy in Anacamptis pyramidalis and Serapias lingua, which were observed through karyotype and meiotic metaphase analyses in EMC. Moreover, the study detected B chromosomes for the first time in A. papilionacea and A. palustris. The article also describes the use of fluorescent in situ hybridization in some specimens of A. papilionacea and A. collina to locate different sites of the 18S-5.8S-25S rDNA and 5S rDNA ribosomal complexes on chromosomes. The information derived from these cytogenetic analyses was used to refine the classification of these orchids and identify evolutionary relationships among different species and genera.
... Ophrys Linnaeus (1753: 945) (Orchidaceae) comprises approximately 215 putative species and is one of the most complex genera of the Mediterranean flora (Keller & Schlechter 1928, Baumann & Künkele 1986, Baumann et al. 1989, Devillers & Devillers-Terschuren 1994, Delforge 2006, Devey et al. 2008. ...
Ophrys apifera Hudson was previously considered to have been lectotypified by Künkele and Baumann in 1998 with an illustration published by Matthias Lobel in 1581. However, Hudson did not include any references to Lobel in the protologue. Therefore, the typification by Künkele and Baumann is here briefly discussed and superseded because is being contrary to Art. 9.3 of the International code of nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code). The name is lectotypified here with an illustration published by Bauhin and Cherler in 1651. Unfortunately, this illustration does not show several diagnostic characters to distinguish O. apifera from other related species. Therefore, for a precise circumscription of the name, an epitype is proposed of a complete specimen preserved at K.
... Finally, Serapias orientalis subsp. apulica was described from Siponto, near Manfredonia (Foggia) (Baumann & Künkele, 1989). This taxon is currently known from many sites throughout Apulia (Lorenz & Gembardt, 1987;Perrino & Signorile, 2009;Perrino et al., 2013;Lumare et al., , 2018Gennaio, 2017). ...
The conservation status of the ten taxonomically currently recognised orchid species and subspecies (eight in the ge-nus Ophrys, and one each in the genera Epipactis and Serapias) endemic to Apulia (southeast Italy) is presented. Each taxon has been assessed against the internationally accepted IUCN criteria and categories. Of the ten taxa, eight ones are classified as threatened (Endangered or Vulnerable), one as Near Threatened and one as Least Concern. Given that nine of the ten analysed taxa were recently assessed, a comparison with the previous assessments is presented: 67% of the assessed taxa changed their IUCN category. Four taxa (Ophrys murgiana, O. oxyrrhynchos subsp. ingrassiae, O. peucetiae, O. tardans) are now assigned to a higher threat category, while two taxa (Ophrys gravinensis and O. oestrifera subsp. montis-gargani) are now assigned to a lower threat category. These category changes in such a very short time are due to the better knowledge on the number of mature individuals and on the threats affecting the species, and to the discovery of new occurring sites. The most important category change affects Ophrys tardans. The new assessment leads to the category Endangered, whereas in the previous assessment this species was indicated as Least Concern, i.e. as not threatened. Another species with a noteworthy category increase is Ophrys peucetiae, previously indicated as Least Concern and now assigned to the category Vulnerable. The authors discuss these results, highlighting that especially when assessing rare species with a small distribution range against the IUCN protocol, it should be taken into account that the assessment could be influenced (also noteworthy) by the effective knowledge on the distribution, on the population size and on the threats affecting the populations. As a consequence, field work is warmly suggested before assessing the threat category of rare taxa, given that an increased effort in field research often leads to the discovery of new sites and to a better estimation of the number of individuals and of the threats.
... The genus Serapias L. (Orchidaceae) comprises about 26-30 species (Nelson, 1968;Baumann & Künkele, 1989;Baumann et al., 2006;Delforge, 2016) with mainly Mediterranean distribution, although some species reach the west of the Atlantic coast. Its range extends from the Azores and the Canaries in the west to the Caucasus, and in the east and north as far as Brittany (France) (Gölz & Reinhard, 1980;Pérez Chiscano et al., 1991;Delforge, 1995Delforge, , 2016. ...
Taxonomic and distributive notes on Serapias lingua subsp. tunetana (Orchidaceae), a rare endemic to Tunisia. -- Serapias lingua subsp. tunetana, a rare endemic orchid confined to Tunis, northern of Tunisia, has been rediscovered far away from its type locality nearly after 22 years. Since its first finding in 1996 and its description published in 2005, the subspecies has not been found again, and was presumed to be extinct, or the taxon was erroneously identified. A detailed description of the subspecies justifying an amendment to its description, a map of its current distribution and colour photographs are also provided. The affinities to the related taxa within the S. lingua group occurring in Tunisia are here presented. The global IUCN status for this taxon is evaluated.
Resumen notas Taxonómicas y distributivas sobre Serapias lingua subsp. tunetana (Orchidaceae), una rara espècie endémica de Túnez.--Serapias lingua subsp. tunetana, una rara orquídea endémica con área de distribución restringida en Túnez, al norte de Túnez, ha sido redescubierta lejos de su localidad tipo después de 22 años. Desde su primer hallazgo en 1996 y su descripción publicada en 2005, la subespecie no se había encontrado nuevamente y se presume que se extinguió o fue identificada erróneamente. En este trabajo se proporciona una descripción detallada de la subespecie que justifica una enmienda a su descripción, y se aporta asimismo un mapa de distribución y varias fotografías. Se listan las prin-cipales afinidades de la subsp. tunetana con los táxones más estrechamente relacionados dentro del grupo de S. lingua que se distribuyen en Túnez. Se evalúa su estado de conservación atendiendo a los criterios y categorías de la UICN.
... The genus Serapias L. (Orchidaceae) comprises about 26-30 species (Nelson, 1968;Baumann & Künkele, 1989;Baumann et al., 2006;Delforge, 2016) with mainly Mediterranean distribution, although some species reach the west of the Atlantic coast. Its range extends from the Azores and the Canaries in the west to the Caucasus, and in the east and north as far as Brittany (France) (Gölz & Reinhard, 1980;Pérez Chiscano et al., 1991;Delforge, 1995Delforge, , 2016. ...
Taxonomic and disTribuTive noTes on SerapiaS lingua subsp. tunetana (orchidaceae), a rare endemic To Tunisia.— Serapias lingua subsp. tunetana, a rare endemic orchid confined to Tunis, northern of Tunisia, has been rediscovered far away from its type locality nearly after 22 years. Since its first finding in 1996 and its description published in 2005, the subspecies has not been found again, and was presumed to be extinct, or the taxon was erroneously identified. A detailed description of the subspecies justifying an amendment to its description, a map of its current distribution and colour photographs are also provided. The affinities to the related taxa within the S. lingua group occurring in Tunisia are here presented. The global IUCN status for this taxon is evaluated.
... However, recent works are helping to simplify the nomenclature complexity of existing synonymy for this family. These 2 The Scientific World Journal works include the entire family, certain subfamilies, tribes or subtribes [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60], or more specific works at the level of certain genera like Serapias [61], Dactylorhiza [62,63], Nigritella and Gymnadenia [64][65][66], Anacamptis, Orchis, and Neotinea [67][68][69], Limnorchis and Platanthera [70], Chamorchis and Traunsteinera [71], or Ophrys [72,73]. ...
This report reviews the European, National, and Regional catalogues of protected species, focusing specifically on the Orchidaceae family to determine which species seem to be well-protected and where they are protected. Moreover, this examination highlights which species appear to be underprotected and therefore need to be included in some catalogues of protection or be catalogued under some category of protection. The national and regional catalogues that should be implemented are shown, as well as what species should be included within them. This report should be a helpful guideline for environmental policies about orchid’s conservation in Spain, at least at the regional and national level. Around 76% of the Spanish orchid flora are listed with any figure of protection or included in any red list, either nationally (about 12–17%) or regionally (72%).
... Therefore, the aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of floral morphology and the role of the lip and the callus on pollination activity and to assess (1) if pollinators increase the rate at which they visit the flowers, as a result of responding to a more attractive "visual signal," or (2) pollinators decrease their visits to modified flowers which are less attractive than the natural ones. We carried The genus Serapias L. is distributed throughout the Mediterranean region with its centre of diversity in Southern Italy and on the Greek islands (Baumann & Künkele, 1989). A more recent systematic treatment included 30 taxa (Delforge, 2006), which were characterized by a common floral morphology, the lateral petals, and hypochile (the proximal part of the lip) form a hood (tubular corolla). ...
Floral displays, influencing attractiveness to insects, increase the number of pollinator visits and the efficiency of each visit in terms of pollen exchange and thus affect the plant reproductive success. Here, we conducted an in situ manipulation experiment to investigate whether the floral modifications affect reproductive success in natural orchid populations of Serapias lingua and Serapias vomeracea. We estimated male and female reproductive success of three treatment groups, disassembly of floral tube, cutting of lip, and painting of the callus surface, in terms of pollinaria removed/deposited and fruit production. Results revealed that phenotypic modification had opposite effects on reproductive success of two examine species. Indeed, reproductive success was significantly increased by the detached of the petals and sepals, and decreased, due to callus painting and lip removal, in S. lingua. On the contrary, unmanipulated plants of S. vomeracea showed significantly higher value of pollinaria removed and deposited and fruit set than manipulated ones. The differences between S. lingua and S. vomeracea agree to the different pollination strategy of examined species. S. vomeracea shows shelter imitation strategy, and thus, the disassembly of tunnel-like corolla does not allow the insects to use the flower as a refuge, while S. lingua is a sexually deceptive orchid and therefore the opening of the flower made more visible callus (visible at a greater distance) increasing the pollinators attraction. This study provides evidence that pollinators were largely sensitive to the experimental modification of the flower phenotype, which is consistent with the presence of significant selection on individual floral characters. Our experimental investigations of the effects of variation in display on pollinator visitation provide insights into the evolution of floral morphology in orchid with shelter imitation strategy.
... In considerazione di tutto ciò Baumann & Künkele (1986) interpretano il binomio Ophrys todaroana Macch. ex E.G. Camus 1893 (pro hybr.) ...
Gli autori descrivono il nuovo ibrido naturale Ophrys ×montalciniae nothosubsp. montalciniae (O. incubacea subsp. incubacea × O. sphegodes subsp. classica), rinvenuto in Salento nel Parco Naturale Regionale “Litorale di Ugento” (Lecce, Puglia).
... Nachdem noch bis zum Ende des vorigen Jahrhunderts Ophrys tenthredinifera als eine "wenig variable gefestigte Art" (Nelson 1961) (BAUMANN & KÜNKELE 1986). Doch bereits PAULUS (1988) konnte aufzeigen, dass zumindest in Kreta zwei weitere Arten vorkommen müssen, da hier Eucera dimidiata und nicht Eucera nigrilabris als Bestäuber fungiert. ...
To clarify some systematic questions within the Ophrys tenthredinifera species
group we investigated the pollination biology of some species on the Aegean
islands of Crete, Kythera, Paros and Skyros. During several trips, we paid
attention to Ophrys tenthredinifera (s. str.) subsp. villosa, O. ulyssea,
O. amphidami, O. lycomedis, and O. dictynnae. From the island of Paros we
describe the new species O. lychnitis. Some further results are:
1. Ophrys ulyssea from Kefalonia, Ithaki and Zakynthos is pollinated by the
small long horned bee Eucera bidentata. The Ophrys species also occurs
along the western and southern Peloponnes. Eucera bidentata also pollinate
Ophrys amphidami described from Kythera. Flower types of ulyssea and
amphidami always occur together and are only forms of one single species.
O. amphidami is a synonym of O. ulyssea.
2. Ophrys tenthredinifera subsp. villosa could also be found on Kythera. This
species is variable in flower size similar as the other islands (e.g. Rhodos).
The pollinator Eucera nigrilabris ssp. rufitarsis could be observed by
pseudocopulations.
3. Ophrys lycomedis together with O. tenthredinifera s. str. is on the island of
Journal Europäischer Orchideen 48 (2-4): 2016. 347
Skyros widely distributed, but only in rare and small populations. It is a
well-defined species and is pollinated by Eucera caspica.
4. During three trips on Paros we could find only one species of the
tenthredinifera group. It is small to middle sized, is variable but well
characterized. It is pollinated by the common long horned bee Eucera
albofasciata. It is described as a new species: Ophrys lychnitis, possibly
restricted to the islands of the central Cyclades.
5. This bee was also observed as pollinator of Ophrys dictynnae from Crete. In
spite of the same pollinator of O. lychnitis and O. dictynnae we think that
this is a case of an independent selection of the same bee species. This
selection resulted in similar flower forms within the tenthredinifera group
but with clear differences. It is also discussed an alternative possibility of a
secondary colonization from Crete during the ice age period.
6. Further observations of pollinators on Kythera and Paros.
Kythera: Ophrys bilunulata subsp. punctulata with Andrena flavipes,
O. sicula with Andrena hesperia, O. heldreichii (incl. “calypsus”) with
Eucera berlandi, O. herae with Andrena thoracica. It is described a single
observation of a female seeking male of Xylocopa iris inspecting the
flower entrance of the large flowered Serapias orientalis subsp. moreana.
This male creeped into the flower during the day and took out the
pollinariae.
Paros: Ophrys israelitica with Andrena flavipes, O. parosica with Andrena
similis, O. omegaifera (incl. „polycratis”) with Anthophora atroalba, O. cf.
phryganae with Andrena cf. humilis, O. mammosa with Andrena morio,
O. bombyliflora with Eucera nigrescens, O. heldreichii with Eucera
berlandi, O. ferrum-equinum with Chalicodoma parietina, O. ariadnae
with Melecta albifrons, O. cretica subsp. beloniae with Melecta
tuberculata.
... A una minuziosa osservazione le caratteristiche fiorali di Serapias sono state attribuite a S. parviflora, risultando pertanto una entità intergenerica non ancora descritta, non avendone trovato riscontro in letteratura e in particolare nei pur ricchi elenchi riportati in Baumann & Künkele (1989) fiore, con nervature longitudinali (3+1+3) marcatamente bruno-violacee, sulle quali sono radamente distribuite macule bruno-violacee, allungate (Serapias); pigmentazione verdastra sulla metà prossimale e viola-rosato chiara su quella distale. Dimensioni: 29,5- 33 × 7-8,6 mm. ...
... The genus Serapias L. is distributed throughout the Mediterranean region with its centre of diversity in southern Italy and on the Greek islands [20]. ...
Background:
Fragmentation of habitats by roads, railroads, fields, buildings and other human activities can affect population size, pollination success, sexual and asexual reproduction specially in plants showing pollinator limitation, such as Mediterranean orchids. In this study, we assessed pollen flow, selfing rates, vegetative reproduction and female reproductive success and their correlations with habitat characters in nine fragmented subpopulations of Serapias lingua. To improve understanding of population structure effects on plant biology, we examined genetic differentiation among populations, pollen flow, selfing rates and clonal reproduction using nuclear microsatellite markers.
Results:
Smaller populations showed a significant heterozygote deficit occurred at all five nuclear microsatellite loci, the coefficient of genetic differentiation among populations was 0.053 and pairwise FST was significantly correlated with the geographical distance between populations. Paternity analysis of seeds showed that most pollen flow occurred within a population and there was a positive correlation between percentage of received pollen and distance between populations. The fruit production rate varied between 5.10 % and 20.30 % and increased with increasing population size, while the percentage of viable seeds (78-85 %) did not differ significantly among populations. The extent of clonality together with the clonal and sexual reproductive strategies varied greatly among the nine populations and correlated with the habitats where they occur. The small, isolated populations tended to have high clonal diversity and low fruit production, whereas the large populations with little disturbance were prone to have reductions in clonal growth and increased sexual reproduction.
Conclusions:
We found that clonality offers an advantage in small and isolated populations of S. lingua, where clones may have a greater ability to persist than sexually reproducing individuals.
... Serapias politisi è entità originariamente descritta come ibrido tra Serapias bergonii e Serapias parviflora per l'isola di Corfù (RENZ, 1928), segnalata successivamente anche per la Grecia continentale (Etolia), per le isole Egee e per l'Anatolia occidentale (KAPTEYN DEN BOUMEESTER & WILLING, 1988) e riconosciuta come buona specie da BAUMANN & KÜNKELE (1989) nella loro autorevole monografia sul genere Serapias. S. politisii è stata segnalata in Puglia, unica regione italiana di presenza, da BIANCO et al. (1991) dove risulta diffusa prevalentemente nel Salento. ...
Natural hybridization in the plant kingdom, that particularly occurs in dis-turbed habitats where is generally considered as a threat for rare and en-dangered species, is a potent evolutionary force. In fact in Mediterranean orchids, mainly pertaining to the Anacamptys, Ophrys and Serapias genres, the hybridization is a common phenomenon, as a natural consequence of their pol-lination system, that often it has carried to the defined phenomenon "sympatric speciation". Here we describe the result of this process as a new Orchidaceae's hybryd species, belong to Serapias genus, named Serapias x marchiorii Turco & Medagli, through analysis of the morphological aspects. The parental of the new hybrid species are: Serapias bergonii E.G. Camus and Serapias politisi Renz. Serapias bergonii = S. vomeracea (N.L. Burm.) Briq. subsp. laxiflora (Soò) Gölz & Reinhard was originally described as an hybrid entity, result of a discovery made in Corfù at the "Saline of Potamos". It is a species that is distributed in eastern areas, present in Italy only in the southern Apulia and southern Sicily. Serapias politisi, instead, was originally described as an hybrid between Serapias bergo-nii and Serapias parviflora at the island of Corfù, then was defined as a species and reported for the mainland Greece, the Aegean's islands, the western Ana-tolia and in Apulia, the only Italian region of presence, where it is widespread mostly in Salento. Thus, the ranges of these two entities have little overlap that make rare and localized the interspecific hybrids. This is, probably, the reason that makes the hybrid in question not widely distributed. S. x marchiorii was found in a small area known as "Palude di Cassano" in the town of Melendugno (Le) along the adriatic coast, May 13, 2009. The area of small dimensions, is oc-cupied mostly by a depression in karst nature which was partially drained in the middle of '900 with the creation of a drainage channel; the area surrounding the marsh is mainly occupied by grasslands and maquis. The station was found with few plants and was situated at an altitude between 12 and 15m above sea level, on a calcareous substrates known as "Calcareniti del Salento".
... dort besser aufgehoben sind, weil sie aktueller und eventuell von vielen (crowdsourcing) erweitert und gepflegt werden können (Hennecke & Munzinger 2013). Beispielsweise erzeugen sämtliche Synonym-Namen einer Art nur eine Papierfülle, ohne den Feldbotaniker wirklich weiter zu bringen, siehe BauMann & künkele (1986), kreutz (2004), Petersen & faur- HolDt (2007). Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, London, geht hier schon einen Schritt weiter und publiziert on-line die Kew Databases: World Da manche Print-Medien nur noch antiquarisch erhältlich sind, bringen daher elektronische Medien, die online einsehbar sind, deutliche Fortschritte . ...
Zusammenfassung/ Summary Hennecke, M. & s. Munzinger (2014): Die neue systematische Gliederung der Gattung Ophrys: Untergattung – Ber. Arbeitskr. Heim. Orchid. 31 (1): 62 -73.
The genus Ophrys can be subdivided in two subgenus: Fuciflorae and Ophrys (gynostegium with or without tip). The further division of subgenus Ophrys leads to five sections, which can be identified very clear in the field.
Serapias bergonii E. G. Camus (Orchidaceae) was recorded as a new species
in the flora of Serbia. In addition, Serapias L. is a new genus for the flora of
Serbia. The species was found on Mt. Rujan (Southern Serbia) in 2014 and on Mt.
Seličevica (Eastern Serbia) in 2019. It inhabits dry, shrubby habitats, forest glades,
and the edges of oak forests. This study presents data on morphology, distribution,
ecological and biological preferences and population size of the newly recorded
species. The distribution map, created within the 10 × 10 sq. km UTM grid system,
shows two records of S. bergonii in Serbia. The IUCN threat status of this taxon in
Serbia was assessed as Critically Endangered.
Soca R., 2024. Ophrys clypeata (Orchidaceae) nouveau taxon pour la flore du sud de la France. Carnets botaniques 220: 1-35.
Abstract: The author gives his point of view about several taxons, Ophrys araneola, O. clypeata, O. litigiosa, O. minipassionis, O. pseudospeculum and O. virescens often misinterpreted. The binomial O. araneola has been used for about forty years to designate O. litigiosa. O. pseudospeculum was used in the 19 th century referring to O. litigiosa and for some forty years to designate the hybrid O. lutea × O. scolopax. O. virescens, not yet described at the specific rank, has been used for about twenty years to designate a taxon not clearly defined. The present study results from forty years field surveys, herbarium and bibliographic researches in the aim to clarify the status of these different taxons, the taxonomy of which is presented here. Descriptions at the specific rank of O. virescens and O. clypeata are proposed.
A study of the distribution of orchid species in Puglia, based on an analysis of 2084 bibliographic reports from 2000 to 2022, was carried out with the aim of revising and updating the information on the consistency of the Orchidaceae family in Puglia, with a special focus on assessing threatened species occurring inside and outside protected areas. The work presents a checklist of the Orchidaceae taxa (genera, species, and subspecies) found in the region, including observations on genera and species that present taxonomic challenges. A total of 113 taxa (i.e., species and subspecies), distributed across 16 genera, are listed in alphabetical order. The most representative genera were Ophrys (51 taxa), Serapias (15 taxa), and Epipactis (11 taxa). Additionally, 49 taxa (43.4%) were found to be endemic to Italy, with 21 of these, mostly belonging to the Ophrys genus, being exclusive to Puglia. Our study notes two different trends of distribution: a predominantly coastal distribution for orchid records located in southern Puglia (the Salento peninsula) and a more widespread distribution for the other provinces. Our study also shows that the greatest number of records locate orchids in protected areas with a positive correlation between their presence and habitats cited in Directive 92/43/EEC.
Observations on the variability of the Ophrys tenthredinifera populations (section Tenthrediniferae) within their distribution range from the Western to the Eastern Mediterranean resulted so far in different taxonomic conclusions. In the present study, the descriptive analysis of all concerned taxa, which have allegedly arisen as new species in the literature on the basis of the floral morphology, shows that they clearly fall within the variability of the nominate species Ophrys tenthredinifera. More specifically, traits or characters, such as the plant and flower size or the flowering period, which were used to differentiate potential members within the specific section, are not reliable to such an extent that they can be discriminated in the field. As a consequence, the following taxa in this paper are considered as varieties: the described species O. aprilia, O. dictynnae, O. grandiflora, O. korae, O. leochroma, O. lycomedis, O. neglecta, O. ulyssea, O. villosa, together with the described subspecies ficalhoana, guimaraesii, sanctae-marcellae,
spectabilis, tingurtiae are downgraded to the taxonomic level of variety. O. amphidami is considered as a synonym of O. ulyssea, according to Paulus & Hirth (2012). O. neglecta var. riphaea is considered as a variety of the nominate species O. tenthredinifera as long as it is not evident that O. neglecta may be a separate species. This is discussed due to the tuft of hair which are longer than the appendage in contrast to the nominate species. This trait or character would be the only discrimination between O. neglecta and O. tenthredinifera. According to the observations in Sardinia and mainland Italy there is a gap of “tenthredinifera” between Western and Eastern populations, which is filled by “neglecta”. Furthermore, the case of O. tenthredinifera as an optional autogamous species is presented, and the possibility of a more pollinators and not just one, combined with the extensive flowering period, is discussed.
The italian endemic vascular plants described for apulia Region are presented. altogether, 66 italian endemics have their locus classicus in apulia, including 9 taxa whose protologues cite several localities, both in apulia and in other Regions.
The measured angle between the vertical axis of the lip and its shoulders is the same as the angle of the hypotenuse of a constructed triangle using half labellum width and outer lobe length. According to these measurements Ophrys subfusca belongs to the subsection Fuscae (sect. Pseudophrys). The discovered herbar sheet # 0045398 from Vienna changes nothing on that statement. Second, the drawing of the lip by Reichenbach fil. (1851) became defined as the first lectotype. Moreover, O. africana became defined as the epitype, and this taxon belongs very clearly to subsection Fuscae. Since Delforge (2006) stated for his subfusca-group an angle of 45°, which is the same for the sicula-aggregate (Hennecke 2017), nobody is able in the field to distinguish between these two entities by the angle. Other traits are also not useful to discriminate between Ophrys sicula and O. subfusca sensu Delforge. This misjudgement caused the description of more subfusca-taxa by other authors based on the angle of 45°. Therefore, the elements of subfusca-group distributed in Sardinia / Sicily have to be regrouped as varieties of O. sicula, the elements distributed in North Africa/Iberian peninsula are part of GIROS Orch. Spont. Eur. 61 (2018:1): 188-217
We aimed to reveal the morphological, anatomical and micromorphological features of 36 Turkish orchids in detail. UPGMA cluster analysis was based on the presence or absence of anatomical, morphological and micromorphological characters such as root tuber, leaf or flower part structure, pit, sclerenchymatic sheath, vascular bundle shape, crystal and starch, exodermis and endodermis structure, stomata type, bulliform cell in roots, shoots or leaves, and surface structure like papillae, hairs and ornamentation on flower parts, leaves, fruits and seeds. In a phylogenetic framework, nuclear ribosomal ITS were used to investigate diversity in orchid species belonging to 12 genera. The combined evaluation of phylogenetic study, Bayesian Inference analysis obtained from anatomical, morphological and micromorphogical and ITS data confirmed that they can be more effective in assessing orchids having identification problems.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Paulus, H.F. (2017): Pollination biology of the genus Ophrys in Northern
Spain: Field studies on Ophrys aveyronensis, O. subinsectifera, O. riojana,
O. vasconica und O. forestieri.- J. Eur. Orch. 49 (3-4): 427-471.
Aim of these investigations were finding new data of pollination biology of the
genus Ophrys in Northern Spain. Special attention had been given to those taxa
which are in discussion as Ophrys aveyronensis/vitorica, O. subinsectifera,
O. vasconica and O. riojana.
1. Ophrys vitorica is pollinated by the Knautia bee Andrena hattorfiana like
its counterpart in southwest France, Ophrys aveyronensis. As a
consequence, both taxa are united at the species level. However, the two
separate distribution areas belong to two different geographical subspecies:
O. aveyronensis subsp. vitorica for the northern Spanish populations and
O. aveyronensis subsp. aveyronensis for the southern French population.
2. Ophrys subinsectifera is a well-documented and separated species of the
Ophrys insectifera group. The sawfly Sterictophora gastrica is believed to
be the specific pollinator. However, after numerous observations in the
field with this sawfly, I think that this tiny wasp is not the regular
pollinator. In spite of a strong attraction, the males nearly never took out
pollinaria. When they do so, they did it just by chance with any part of the
body.
3. In choice experiments between O. subinsectifera and O. insectifera
Sterictophora gastrica males had been equally attracted, with no
preferences for O. subinsectifera. Even Ophrys scolopax was attractive.
For this, I believe that this wasp is not the regular pollinator. However, I
was not able to find a better one.
4. I could confirm that Ophrys vasconica is pollinated by Andrena flavipes
and A. nigroaenea. However, because of a late blooming time, the males
are those from the second generation. In some special area, O. vasconica
can bloom together with the last plants of the early Ophrys forestieri,
especially in higher mountains. However, hybridization is not possible
because O. vasconica is a tetraploid plant.
5. Late Ophrys forestieri of higher altitudes, just still blooming, do not belong
to Ophrys arnoldii, in spite of their ability to be pollinated by the secondgeneration
males of Andrena nigroaenea.
6. Ophrys sphegodes was blooming at their end of time. They too were
pollinated by Andrena nigroaenea males of the second generation.
7. The pollinator of the small flowered Ophrys riojana is the tiny Andrena
hypopolia. This confirm the separated species status towards other small
flowered taxa of the sphegodes group as O. araneola and others.
During some excursions carried out in spring 2016 near Tarquinia (Viterbo province), one plant of Ophrys ×gillesii Delforge (Ophrys tyrrhena × O. tenthredinifera) and two individuals of Ophrys ×cosana H. Baumann &
Künkele (O. bombyliflora × O. incubacea) were found. The discovery of these hybrids is interesting from a chorological point of view, because it is the first record for the Latium region (Central Italy) so increasing its rich orchid flora.
Gli autori descrivono il nuovo ibrido naturale Ophrys ×sivana nothosubsp. renatafontae (O. candica × O. holosericea subsp. parvimaculata), rinvenuto in Salento nella Riserva Naturale delle Cesine (Vernole, Lecce, Puglia).
RESUMEN: Se describe un nuevo híbrido dentro del género Ophrys, concretamente el generado tras el cruce entre Ophrys passionis y Ophrys speculum. También se discute la validez nomenclatural de los parentales. ABSTRACT: Ophrys × armentariae (Orchidaceae) a new hybrid from Ara-gon. A new hybrid, Ophrys × armentariae, caused by crossing between Ophrys passionis and Ophrys speculum, is described.
Zusammenfassung/Summary: hennecke, M. (2016): Noch einmal: Ophrys galilaea oder sicula oder minor? – Ber. Arbeitskrs. Heim. Orchid. 33 (1): 151–168. Um diese Namensfrage endgültig zu klären, wurde sämtliche Original-Literatur beschafft und aus dem Lateinischen oder Italienischen übersetzt. Damit jeder schwarz auf weiß die Fakten einsehen kann, wurden die Texte eingescannt, und wichtige Textpassagen rot unterstrichen. Nach dieser jetzigen Aufarbeitung gibt es in der Untersektion Lutea mindestens 2 Taxa: Ophrys lutea mit var. lutea und var. galilaea und Ophrys sicula. Die Verbreitungsgebiete überlappen sich zwischen Sardinien und Rhodos. Das Epitheton " minor " scheidet bei Ophrys lutea auf Artrang aus. Ophrys lutea und Ophrys sicula sind nicht phänologisch getrennt. In order to clarify the names the original literature was gathered and translated. That everybody could proof it by himself in black and white, the text sections were scanned, and important passages were red underlined. After that survey there are at least two species in the subsection Lutea: Ophrys lutea with var. lutea and var. galilaea and Ophrys sicula. The distribution areas overlap between Sardegna and Rhodes. The epitheton " minor " is eliminated in Ophrys lutea. Ophrys lutea und Ophrys sicula are not separated by phenology.
Riassunto: gli autori descrivono un nuovo ibrido di Ophrys, rinvenuto presso Santa Maria del Giudice (Lucca, Toscana) e lo dedicano ad un amico orchidofilo scomparso prematuramente dieci anni fa: Ophrys ×stivii Romolini & Soca (O. bombyliflora × O. maritima).
Parole chiave: Ophrys ×stivii (O. bombyliflora × O. maritima), ibridi naturali nuovi di Ophrys, Santa Maria del Giudice (Lucca, Toscana), Stivi Betti.
RESUMEN: Se mencionan 31 táxones con citas y/o comentarios referidos a su existencia en la provincia de Burgos. De ellos 8 suponen una novedad para el catálogo provincial. Palabras clave: Flora, plantas vasculares, Burgos, Cantabria, Palencia, Valladolid, España.
ABSTRACT: Additions and revisions for the “Atlas de la flora vascular silvestre de Burgos”, IX. 31 Taxa with either quotations or remarks, related to their existence within the province of Burgos, are mentioned. 8 out of these mean a novelty value for the provincial catalogue. Keywords: Flora, Vascular plants, Burgos, Cantabria, Palencia, Valladolid, Spain
Viene descritto l'ibrido naturale intergenerico × Orchiserapias nelsoniana (Orchis collina Banks et Solander ex A. Rüssel × Serapias patviflora Pari.) rinvenuto in un unico esemplare presso Nardo (Lecce). E stata effettuata anche l'analisi dettagliata del cariotipo dell'ibrido e dei suoi genitori. × Orchiserapias nelsoniana Bianco, D'Emerico, Medagli et Ruggiero (Orchis collina Banks et Solander ex A. Rüssel × Serapias patviflora Pari.) a new natural hybrid from Nardö (Lecce) is described. Detailed karyotypic analysis has been made and discussed.
The finding of Ophrys holosericea subsp. untchjii, new for Italy, is reported for Friuli Venetia Julia and Trentino/Southtyrol. The Friulian population has been compared biometrically with related taxa of Northern Italy as well as with O. holosericea subsp. holosericea from SW-Germany, subsp. tetraloniae from Istria, subsp. gracilis from Abruzzo and O. apulica from Apulia and Sicily (Aegadian Islands). The lack of a clear morphological separation of the green tepaloid Friulian entity from related taxa indicates that the original taxonomic rank of var. untchjii, instead of subsp. untchjii, may be sufficient, but this has to be confirmed by further studies including Istrian material. The distinct position however of subsp. tetraloniae and, decidedly, of O. apulica has been confirmed. The investigated Northitalian populations of mayflowering O. holosericea, even morphologically slightly different, cannot be separated from Southwestgerman populations. Therefore their separation at the rank of species or subspecies seems to be highly exaggerated.
Baumann, H. & R. Lorenz (2006): The sections of the genus Orchis L..- J. Eur. Orch. 38 (1): 173-183.
Based on morphological criteria a new arrangement of the genus Orchis in nine sections is proposed. The correct names of these sections, together with their types, species and subspecies are listed, their differential characters are communicated. The sections Andranthus, Phalaenanthus are typified. The subsection Saccatae ParI. is elevated to the rank of section. The attribution of species and subspecies of the genus Orchis to the single nine sections is compared with recent moleculargenetically derived cladogramms.
Changes of rules of ICBN now ICN usually are intended to favour stability of botanical nomenclature. This is the case e.g. with improved wording of regulations governing combinations of older names and of requirements on indirect references as with Ophrys arachnites Mill., which confirmed ist formerly proposed synonymy with Ophrys sphegodes Mill. avoiding priority over Ophrys holosericea (Burm. f.) Greuter. Recent weakening of requirements on type material for new names, i.e. allowing retroactively illustrations for the period of 1.1.1958 till 1.1.2007 however seems to be contraproductive making obsolete recent validations of invalid names typified originally on illustrations or even illegitimate. For this Ophrys sphegodes subsp. garganica E. Nelson in O. Danesch et al. 1975 and Ophrys sphegodes
subsp. sipontensis Gumprecht in O. Danesch & E. Danesch 1975 have to be treated as valid ab initio.
Since the publication of the last Lebanese and Syrian classical flora, the only complete work on Lebanese flora is an illustrated book based on the same taxonomy and nomenclature with a few exceptions and some additions. Specifically on the Lebanese orchids, one book has illustrated orchids in the field with an unusual taxonomic point of view. Several Euro-Mediterranean monographs propose a conflicting taxonomy that is not always useful in identifying living specimens. Several years of exploration throughout Lebanon allowed the authors to build considerable knowledge of the orchid flora and its taxonomy. Other works made on adjacent areas completed the investigations and provided some useful indications to build taxonomic understanding and compile a preliminary checklist of Orchidaceae. Historical nomenclature was reanalysed from a modern point of view; recent critical appellations were confronted with biogeography and integrative evolutionary taxonomy, and some poorly known taxa are highlighted and their taxonomy is reinvestigated. A total of 51 species and subspecies are listed for Lebanon. Two new chorological records for Lebanon (Epipactis helleborine " subsp. praecox " nom. provis.; Ophrys alasiatica) and four new nomenclatural combinations (Androrchis × ehdenica, Epipactis helleborine subsp. turcica, Ophrys episcopalis subsp. libanotica, Serapias vomeracea subsp. levantina) are presented. At least 14 taxa are regionally endemic, seven of which are limited to two border countries, the other seven being too poorly known for conclusions about their biogeography.
It is demonstrated, that the biological species concept of the genus Ophrys is identical
with the general concepts of Ernst Mayr. By the example of two near related forms
of the fusca group in Andalucia it is shown how to understand the different criteria
of the biospecies concept. One of these criteria is the high specifity of attraction fol
lowed by a complex pseudocopulation behaviour which enable the correct pollen
transfer only within the species. The high specifity is caused by a perfect imitation of
the sexual pheromones of the mimicked female of the pollinator. Sexual pheromones
of animals act as high intraspecific signals which result in attractions of only males
of the same species. Exactly this specific behaviour is released by the Ophrys species,
too. This high specifity is selected by the pollinator males by pollinating only
those plant individuals which have the correct mixture of the pheromone molecules.
To be successfully the, pollinating males also select other characters of the Ophrys
flower as labellum size, colour, labellum hair characters, phenology and possibly
habitat selections etc. As in the sexual reproduction behaviour of the male insects
these pollinator males act as pregamic isolation mechanisms for the given Ophrys
like for their own female.
In observations at the growing sides of the Ophrys species and numerous field experiments,
mainly choice experiments, we could confirm the high specifity, this in
contrary to the assertions of Hennecke & Munzinger. Their arguments are that there
are many different pollinator species listed in literature for a given Ophrys species.
But they took it upon from literature without any critical improvements of the reliability
of these citations. For this they have had to read the primary literature and
not only the secondary ones like Delforge or others. Therefore they rehash many
of the old mistakes in wrong identifications of the bees or even the Ophrys taxon
which are long corrected. Especially a mixture of old and actual names of the same
species in different combinations is especially annoying and seems to demonstrate
that the authors are not really fit in the nomenclature of Ophrys. Their pollinator
lists are completely worthless without a critical sifting of the actual literature. This
is demonstrated on some examples which are very confusing without knowledge
of the bees. That these authors do not know any of these bee is seen in such cases
where a 3-4 mm bee (Andrena hesperia) should be an alleged pollinator of a 20 mm
labellum of a large Ophrys omegaifera species.
But there are some cases with more than one pollinator. Besides the main pollinator
the others I call them “secondary pollinators” who in those cases we could check
their pollination contribution in the population is very weak. In many cases these
secondary visitors are mainly pollinaria thieves because they will be attracted, they
try to copulate. But they seem to learn very quickly that this Ophrys is not a true
female and will never visit another flower. In some quantitative field experiments
(with Eucera nigrescens/longicornis on Ophrys holosericea) we could confirm it.
The conclusion of the two authors Ophrys species are not species-specific attractively
does not agree with the field finding,, not agree to the olfactory compound investigations
with its biotests, does not agree with the molecular data of population biology
and does not agree with the genetic analyses. To confirm or not the authors should
make experiments with the pollinator bees.
The other proof the authors used in their argumentations are the supposed frequency
of hybrids. But this is also a spurious argument. Hybrids are only frequent in literature
and not in nature.
The main aim of the two authors is to reduce the many species within Ophrys because
they are unable to distinguish them. But this is a worthless argument because there are
many groups of insects where specialists only are able to distinguish them. Nobody
would conclude that these species do not exist. The next step in their argumentation is
to make a new systematic without any biological background. But they are not alone
in the field of botanists. Botanical systematic use very often a complete anthropomorphic
typological systematic like the “Index of accepted plant names” of the Kew
Gardens. But this is in the 21. Century, 150 years after Darwin, a kind of middle age
taxonomy. They use a quite typological morphospecies concept like in the book of
Pederson & Faurhold (2007). But it does not fit with nature. If you pay attention to
the different criteria of the biospecies concept within the genus Ophrys then you will
recognise all the many species which the genus makes so interestingly.
Jonasson, S., Fraga, P. & L. Sáez (2015): Serapias strictiflora (Orchidaceae), a new species for the flora of the Balearic Islands.- J. Eur. Orch. 47 (1): 33-46. The orchid Serapias strictiflora Welw. ex Veiga is reported and described for the first time for the flora of Majorca and Minorca (Balearic Islands, Spain). The diagnostic characters of the species are comparatively described, and its morphological variability, distribution, ecology and conservation status in the Balearic Islands are discussed.
Ibicella (Stapf) Van Eseltine, a genus of the small American family Martyniaceae
with very strange fruits, is reported for the first time from Greece. This record also
seems to be the first for Eastern Mediterranean countries. The species I. lutea (Lindl.)
Van Eseltine was found, as a naturalized adventive, in three localities on the East
Aegean Island of Lesvos. The main morphological characters of this species, its localities
in Lesvos with a brief description of its habitats and other data are given. A
recent record of the related Proboscidea louisianica (Miller) Thellung from Lesvos
seems to be erroneous and is briefly discussed.
Gli autori hanno condotto un'indagine floristica sulle orchidee presenti nella zona occidentale del Vallo di Diano.Le entità raccolte od osservate nel corso del presente studio ammontano a 49; tra queste Ophrys oxyrrhynchos Tod. subsp. oxyrrhynchos viene segnalata per la prima volta per la penisola, essendo finora nota solo per la Sicilia.L'alto numero di entità ritrovate testimonia una buona naturalità dell'ambiente nell'area indagata; le uniche zone con un basso numero di entità presenti sono quelle situate nelle vicinanze di coltivi e dei centri abitati. Authors carried out a floristic exploration on the orchids present in the Western area of Vallo di Diano (Salerno, Italy). 49 taxa were collected or observed; among these, Ophrys oxyrrhynchos Tod. subsp. oxyrrhynchos is reported for the first time as present in continental Italy (the subspecies was previously reported only from Sicily). The high diversity found is an indication of low anthropization; in fact, the only regions showing a low number of taxa are located near cultivated fields and inurbated areas.
Viene riportato il primo rinvenimento in Italia di Serapias politisii Renz (Orchidaceae). È stata effettuata anche l'analisi dettagliata del cariotipo.
Rich groups of plants closely related to Serapias cordigera were observed in
Basilicata (South Italy) on three submontaineous sites with extensively grazed,
orchid rich poor grassland, in total distant about 30 km, which differ from the
nominate form by higher growth, elongated inflorescence, a narrower epichile
and a lesser contrast between lip and hood, possibly influenced by
S. vomeracea subsp. longipetala, numerously growing in their neighbourhood.
Detailed biometric studies confirmed the visual impression, furthermore
showed ±clear differences of other floral traits as hypochile, sepals, petals and
bractea. Multivariate discriminant analyses resulted in a certain independent
status of this presumably hybridogenic entity justifying its separation as
subspecies S. cordigera subsp. lucana.
To resolve differentiation problems within Italian Serapias-taxa extensive new
material from Italy, eorse, Malta and Provence has been investigated
morphometrically followed by statistical evaluation including multivariate
analysis. Documentation of data is delivered. The following 11 taxa have been
proven to belong to the Italian flora: Serapias bergonii, S. cordigera, S.
cossyrensis, S. lingua, S. neglecta, S. nurrica, S. orientalis subsp. apulica, S.
orientalis subsp. siciliensis, S. parviflora, S. vomeracea subsp. vomeracea and
S. vomeracea subsp. longipetala. These can be grouped according width of
petala to three subsectiones Stenopetalae, Mediopetalae and Platypetalae.
Records of S. politisii from Apulia have to be attributed to S. bergonii. No
confirmed records of S. olbia und S. strictiflora, occuring in neighbouring
Provence and Corse are available for Italy. An artificial key based on
differential characters, useful for fieldwork, is delivered together with an
overview of the grouping of the taxa. Furthermore differential characters of
the somewhat less rare hybrids Serapias cordigera x S. lingua, S. lingua x S.
parviflora und S. lingua x S. vomeracea are communicated. Current and
historical horizontal as weH as vertical distribution of Italian Serapias taxa are
shown on maps with UTM 10 km grid based on the evaluation of published
sources and unpublished records. Degrees of threat have been evaluated and
recommendations for the inclusion of the threatened Serapias species in the
Regional Red List of the Plants of Italy are given.
Fragmentation of habitats by roads, railroads, fields, buildings and other human activities can affect population size, pollination success and fruit production, especially in plants showing pollinator limitation, such as Mediterranean orchids. In this study, we investigated the effect of human activity on the population dynamics and reproductive success of the orchid Serapias cordigera. Three anthropic and three natural populations were monitored over 14 years (1999–2012), classifying individuals into five stage classes and evaluating reproductive success. Population growth rates differed between anthropic and natural populations. Our results demonstrated that small anthropic populations have lower population viability compared with large natural populations. The proportion of flowering plants, the number of reproductive plants and the percentage of fruits were significantly lower in anthropic than in natural populations. This strong decline in fruit production in populations in urban areas may reflect lower pollination attraction and higher inbreeding in small than in natural populations. Calculation of extinction probabilities showed that the anthropic populations will drop below the survival threshold of 15–20 years. This study highlights that continued monitoring is needed to improve information on population viability and for appropriate conservation management. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 176, 408–420.
Hennecke, M. & S. Munzinger (2014): Subgenus Ophrys sectio Tenthrediniferae. – Ber. Arbeitskr. Heim. Orch. 31(1): 134 - 147.
Ophrys tenthredinifera is the only species in the section Tenthrediniferae. The species varies very much in size in its huge range of distribution. Ac-cording to molecular-genetic data this species is well delimited, additional a well defined key were developed. So the species can never be confused any more, suggesting a ranking as bona-fide species according to BateMan (2012). Pollinators and hybrids are listed.
87 -98.
After the conservation of the species name "speculum", it was possible to introduce the section Speculi, which is according to molecular-genetic data of this section well delimited. Within the section two species are defined: Ophrys speculum and Ophrys regis-ferdinandii. A key to the species is de-veloped, so they can be never confused. Ophrys speculum is quite stable in its huge range of distribution but varies in the eastern and western mediterraneis. According to the biospecies concept these plants are ranked as varieties. Pollinators and hybrids are listed. Motto Um Arttaxa, Populationen und Lebensräume zu schützen, müssen die Akteure die Tier-und Pflanzentaxa sicher bestimmen können (Convention on Biological Diver-sity). 88 Ber. Arbeitskrs. Heim. Orchid. 31(1): 2014
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