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The Prosobranchia (Gastropoda: Mollusca) species of Turkey and their zoogeographic distribution: 1. Fresh and brackfish water
Abstract
Of the Prosobranchia species found in Turkey, 60 species and 12 subspecies were determined to be present in the study area according to our results and the results of foreign malacologists. The species and their genera are: 8 species, 2 subspecies belonging to Theodoxus; 1 species, 1 subspecies belonging to Viviparus; 4 species belonging to Valvata; 3 species belonging to Hydrobia; 1 species belonging to Semisalsa; 6 species belonging to Graecoanatolica; 2 species belonging to Kirelia; 2 species belonging to Belgrandiella; 1 species belonging to Falsibelgrandiella; 3 species belonging to Islamia; 3 species belonging to Bythinella; 2 species, 2 subspecies belonging to Pseudamnicola; 1 species belonging to Orientalina; 1 species belonging to Turkorientalia; 3 species belonging to Sadleriana; 1 species belonging to Sheitanok; 1 species belonging to Horatia; 1 species belonging to Potamopyrgus; 1 species belonging to Lithoglyphus; 1 species belonging to Pyrgorientalia; 2 species belonging to Falsipyrgula; 5 species belonging to Bithynia; 1 species, 6 subspecies belonging to Melanopsis; 2 species, 1 subspecies belonging to Fagotia and 1 species belonging to Melanoides. From the known taxa, 35 species and 5 subspecies are distributed only in Anatolia. Also, 22 fossil Prosobranchia species and 6 subspecies were determined from the sediments of different regions and different geological periods of Anatolia. The species and their genera are: 3 species, 2 subspecies belonging to Theodoxus; 1 species belonging to Caspicyclotus; 3 species belonging to Valvata; 2 species belonging to Hydrobia; 1 species belonging to Semisalsa; 1 species belonging to Graecoanatolica; 1 species, 4 subspecies belonging to Prososthenia; 1 species belonging to Belgrandiella; 1 species belonging to Pseudamnicola; 2 species belonging to Pyrgula; 3 species belonging to Falsipyrgula; 2 species belonging to Micromelania; 1 species belonging to Bithynia. From the known fossil taxa, 21 species and 6 subspecies have been found only in Anatolia and 4 species are still present. The systematic and zoogeographical distribution of the taxa are described in this study.
... Several studies have been done on the occurrence and distribution of the Ponto-Caspian Gastropoda species in Turkey (Yildirim 1999, Yildirim et al. 2006a, b, Yildirim & Kebapçi 2012. Although, several studies reported benthic macroinvertebrates from Lake Sapanca (Schütt 1989, Altinsaçli 1997, Şahin & Yildirim 2007, Şahin & Yildiz 2011, Arslan et al. 2016, except a few studies, there has been no data on the Ponto-Caspian or Ponto-Baltic macroinvertebrate species in the lake. ...
... It has been reported from different parts of Europe. The genera Lithoglyphus is represented by only one species in Turkey, L. naticoides, inhabiting only Lake Sapanca (Soylu 1990, Yildirim 1999, Şahin & Yildirim 2007. This inference supports the immigration way of the Ponto-Caspian snails from the Black Sea to Turkish inland lakes along the Sakarya rift valley suggested by Şeşen & Schütt (2009). ...
... It is known that B. naticina has Ponto-Baltic distribution in lakes and its distribution in Turkey includes the Mediterranean Sea (Yildirim 1999). This species is listed as rare and zoogeographically restricted species in Germany and endangered in some other European countries (Poland); it is primarily confined to eastern and central Europe and Turkey. ...
... In the laboratory, they were identified and counted under a 10x magnification binoculer microscope. Samples were identified to species level using taxonomic keys (Schütt, 1964;Geldiay and Bilgin, 1969;Macan, 1977;Bilgin, 1980;Schütt and Şeşen, 1989;Yıldırım, 1999;2004). All collected materials were kept in the Hydrobiology Laboratory of Art and Sciences Faculty, Süleyman Demirel University. ...
... Prosobranchs are often sensitive indicators of water quality because of widespread geographic distribution and obligate contact with aquatic environment (Aldridge, 1983;Duft et al., 2007). Dissolved oxygen levels of the water were a significant parameter for the abundance of especially Prosobranchia species (Hart and Fuller, 1974;Ertan et al., 1996;Yıldırım, 1999). Some Prosobranchia species could be found in waters also with low DO levels (Hart and Fuller, 1974). ...
... The Palearctic genus Theodoxus lives in running waters of turbulent ecosystems includes taxa living in springs, rivers, lakes and even in low-salinity waters (Yıldırım et al., 2006b). They often live, in large groups, on the benthic zones of running or turbulent waters, on the solid banks and sometimes on the vegetation (Roth, 1987;Yıldırım, 1999;Yıldırım, 2004). T. heldreichi heldreichi is endemic to Lakes Beyşehir and Eğirdir (Kebapçı and Yıldırım, 2010). ...
Lake Egirdir is an "A class wetland" according to international criteria and in terms of the protection of biological diversity. The lake connects to Lake Kovada via a regulator and channel system. Lake Kovada is one of the important Nature Conservation Areas in Turkey. In this study, the possibility of using Mollusca for assessment of water quality in lakes Egirdir and Kovada, study-area water quality according to physico-chemical parameters, variety and distribution of Mollusca, and ecological aspects were investigated from July 2010 to June 2011. Mollusk fauna in the working field was represented by 11 taxa of Gastropoda and 2 taxa of Bivalvia. Radix auricularia at El station; Theodoxus heldreichi heldreichi, Falsipyrgula pfeiferi, Radix labiata, Planorbis planorbis and Hippeutis complanatus at E2 station; Gyraulus albus at K1 station; Physella acuta at K2 station; Bithynia pseudemmericia and Graecoanatolica lacustristurca at E3 station; Borysthenia naticina at C3 station and Pisidium casertanum at C2 station reached to the highest dominance. Water quality was determined using by physicochemical parameters. Three different classes of water quality were determined. Based on the assessments, the stations on Lake Egirdir (E1, E2, E3) were unpolluted, those on Kovada channel (C1, C2, C3) moderately polluted, while those on Lake Kovada (K1, K2, K3) slightly polluted. The relationships between the total number of individuals and environmental measurements were determined by Pearson correlation index. The results of analysis suggest a significant correlation between the total number of individuals and some environmental measurements such as dissolved oxygen, pH, total hardness, anions and cations. Additionally, Hippeutis complanatus was firstly recorded from the Lake Egirdir.
... Locality : Lake Gölbaşı Station: 1 2 3 Habitat : Shallow soft ground Distribution in Turkey : The Mediterranean regions (Bilgin and Şeşen, 1991; Yıldırım, 1999). ...
... B. badiella, B. pesici (Schütt, 1965; Bilgin, 1980; Yıldırım et al., 2006a). Distribution in Turkey : The Mediterranean regions (Schütt, 1982; Yıldırım, 1999) Researchers defined only one single species of genus Semisalsa, S. longiscata in Turkey (Schütt, 1991Schütt, , Yıldırım, 1999). Among collected specimens, Semisalsa longiscata, Melanopsis costata costata, Semisalsa contempta, Theodoxus jordani and Bithynia phialensis were the commonest species (Figure 2; Table 1). ...
... Turbidity was found lowest for the 4th station (with a 6-8 m depth) because of the replenish the water by different springs at the bottom. The paleogeographic connections have the most impact on the present distributions of the aquatic mollusks of Turkey (Demirsoy, 1996; Yıldırım, 1999). Throughout this study concerning freshwater faunas, certain species of both orders Archeogastropoda and Mesogastropoda are found. ...
An investigation was carried out on the native gastropod species in Lake Gölbaşı, Hatay. During the research 3 species belonging to the subclass Pulmonata (Gyraulus piscinarum, Radix labiata, Anisus leucostoma) were detected along with 9 species of the subclass Orthogastropoda (=Prosobranchia) including Theodoxus jordani, Semisalsa contempta, Semisalsa longiscata, Bithynia phialensis, Valvata saulcyi, Valvata piscinalis, Melanoides tuberculatus, Melanopsis praemorsa ferussaci, Melanopsis costata costata. These gastropod species were collected from 4 stations chosen in the lake. Furthermore, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature were measured at the sampling sites. Gölbaşı Gölü'nün (Hatay: Türkiye) gastropod faunası ve onları etkileyen bazı fizikokimyasal parametreler Özet: Hatay ili sınırları içerisinde bulunan Gölbaşı Gölü'nün ekolojik yapısına uyum sağlayan yerli gastropod türleri araştırılmıştır. Yapılan araştırmaya göre gölde Pulmonata altsınıfına ait 3 tür (Gyraulus piscinarum, Radix labiata, Anisus leucostoma), Orthogastropoda (=Prosobranchia) altsınıfına ait 9 tür (Theodoxus jordani, Semisalsa contempta, Semisalsa longiscata, Bithynia phialensis, Valvata saulcyi, Valvata piscinalis, Melanoides tuberculatus, Melanopsis praemorsa ferussaci, Melanopsis costata costata) tespit edilmiştir. Bu gastropod türleri Gölde tespit edilen 4 istasyonda belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca örnek alınan alanda suyun bulanıklığı, sıcaklığı, çözünmüş oksijeni ve pH'sı ölçülmüştür.
... The border between the Euro-Mediterranean biogeographical subregion and the western Asian transitional area is indicated by a dashed line. 1980;Bildiren, 1991;Yildirim & Sesen, 1994;Yildirim, 1999Yildirim, , 2004). Several endemic caenogastropod species are described for the western Taurus Lake District, for example Falsipyrgula pfeiferi (Weber, 1927), F. beysehirana (Schütt, 1965), Graecoanatolica lacustristurca Radoman, 1973, G. tenuis Radoman, 1973, G. conica Radoman, 1973, G. tenuis Radoman, 1973, G. brevis Radoman, 1973, and Bythinella turca Radoman, 1973However, despite these intensive studies, some of them even having an explicit phylogeographical background (e.g.Radoman, 1973Radoman, , 1976Radoman, , 1985), little, or even conflicting, information exists on the biogeographical affiliation of Lake EgˇirdirEgˇirdir (see alsoBanarescu, 1992). ...
... Schütt (1989) described Micromelania (Turricaspia) backhuysi from Quaternary deposits in south-west Turkey (10 km south of Konya), providing an original description that resembles recent Euxinipyrgula from the Azov-Black Sea Basin. Falsipyrgula osmana (Bukowski, 1930) is known only from the Pleistocene sand of Lake Burdur (Schütt, 1990;Yildirim, 1999). From the same locality, Micromelania (Turricaspia) ottomana Bukowski 1930 was described, which appears to be very closely related to Euxinipyrgula lincta. ...
... sults of these analyses should be treated with caution (Excoffier et al., 2006). Nevertheless, a close relationship and therefore relatively recent split (late Pleistocene) between the two zebra mussel subspecies is obvious. Interestingly, there is some evidence that for other taxa a close biogeographical relationship may have existed much earlier.Yildirim (1999), for example, recorded a large number of freshwater nerite gastropods, Theodoxus (Calvertia) spp., in the Turkish Upper Miocene to Pliocene. These taxa were also widely distributed in synchronous deposits of the Pontic Basin (e.g.Anistratenko & Anistratenko, 2001). Given these findings, it appears that biogeographical connections betwee ...
... The border between the Euro-Mediterranean biogeographical subregion and the western Asian transitional area is indicated by a dashed line. 1980; Bildiren, 1991;Yildirim & Sesen, 1994;Yildirim, 1999Yildirim, , 2004. Several endemic caenogastropod species are described for the western Taurus Lake District, for example Falsipyrgula pfeiferi (Weber, 1927), F. beysehirana (Schütt, 1965), Graecoanatolica lacustristurca Radoman, 1973, G. tenuis Radoman, 1973, G. conica Radoman, 1973, G. tenuis Radoman, 1973, G. brevis Radoman, 1973, and Bythinella turca Radoman, 1973. ...
... Schütt (1989) described Micromelania (Turricaspia) backhuysi from Quaternary deposits in south-west Turkey (10 km south of Konya), providing an original description that resembles recent Euxinipyrgula from the Azov-Black Sea Basin. Falsipyrgula osmana (Bukowski, 1930) is known only from the Pleistocene sand of Lake Burdur (Schütt, 1990;Yildirim, 1999). From the same locality, Micromelania (Turricaspia) ottomana Bukowski 1930 was described, which appears to be very closely related to Euxinipyrgula lincta. ...
... Interestingly, there is some evidence that for other taxa a close biogeographical relationship may have existed much earlier. Yildirim (1999), for example, recorded a large number of freshwater nerite gastropods, Theodoxus (Calvertia) spp., in the Turkish Upper Miocene to Pliocene. These taxa were also widely distributed in synchronous deposits of the Pontic Basin (e.g. ...
Aim The aims of this study are to establish a multi-locus phylogeny-based hypothesis for the biogeographical relationship of gastropods from the putative ancient Lake Egˇirdir, to test the respective null hypothesis, to estimate the timing of biogeographical events based on independent molecular clock approaches, and to interpret the data with respect to the putative ancient character of Lake Egˇirdir.
Location Lake Egˇirdir, western Taurus Lake District, Turkey.
Methods DNA sequences from the putatively only extant endemic taxon of Lake Egˇirdir, Falsipyrgula pfeiferi, as well as representatives of other pyrgulinid genera from Europe and western Asia are used for phylogenetic analyses based on Bayesian inference. The respective null hypothesis is tested utilizing parametric bootstrapping. The timing of evolutionary events is estimated based on two independent molecular clock approaches, which involve the modelling of judicious errors associated with branch-length calculations and calibration points.
Results Bayesian inference indicates a very close relationship between the Lake Egˇirdir and Ponto-Caspian taxa. Parametric bootstrapping rejects the null hypothesis that these taxa are not monophyletic (P ≤ 0.01). The alternative hypothesis, namely monophyly of the Ponto-Caspian and Egˇirdir taxa, can therefore be accepted. The two independent molecular clock approaches show diversion times for the Ponto-Caspian/Egˇirdir taxa of 0.42 ± 0.18 and 0.43 ± 0.63 Ma.
Main conclusions The present study shows that there is no close biogeographical affiliation between the probably only remaining endemic taxon of Lake Egˇirdir and taxa from central Europe or the Balkan region. Instead, there is a very close and relatively young (i.e. late Pleistocene) biogeographical relationship with the Ponto-Caspian pyrgulinids. However, fossil and comparative data from other invertebrates indicate that biogeographical connections between Lake Egˇirdir and the Ponto-Caspian region existed during various time periods, i.e. the Miocene/Pliocene, early Pleistocene, and late Pleistocene. Acknowledging the still-restricted knowledge of the evolutionary history of the lake, the data presented here do not reject the putative ancient status of Lake Egˇirdir. Future studies utilizing endemic taxa of other lakes in the region need to show whether the western Taurus Lake District represents a melting pot of Pleistocene refuge biodiversity from different regions, and whether the admixture of divergent lineages has created a genetically distinct set of taxa that would warrant the designation of the area as a unique biogeographical subregion.
... museum-zoosyst.evol.wiley-vch.de extinct species of Falsipyrgula of Pliocene and Early Pleistocene age are also known from that region (e.g., Schçtt 1990;Yildirim 1999). Besides the Anatolian species, Falsipyrgula barroisi (Dautzenberg, 1894) (originally described as Pyrgula) is known from Lake Tiberias in Israel. ...
... For instance, a great number of Theodoxus (Calvertia) species are recorded in the Turkish Upper Miocene to Pliocene (Yildirim 1999) as well as in the synchronous deposits in the Pontian Basin (e.g., Anistratenko & Anistratenko 2001). Schçtt (1989: 134, pl. 1, fig. 3) described Micromelania (Turricaspia) backhuysi sp. ...
... These illustrations and descriptions allow assessing the conchological identity of the described species with one of recent Euxinipyrgula from the Azov-Black Sea Basinmost likely with E. milachevitchi (Fig. 3f). Falsipyrgula osmana (Bukowski, 1930) is known only from Early Pleistocene sands of Lake Burdur in Turkey (Schçtt 1990;Yildirim 1999). However, from the same locality, also Micromelania (Turricaspia) ottomana Bukowski, 1930 was discovered which, as far as could be judged from the shell photo (Schçtt 1990: 18, taf. 1, fig. ...
A recent phylogenetic study based on mitochondrial DNA data suggested that the hydrobiid genus Falsipyrgula from SW Anatolia and Euxinipyrgula from the Azov-Black Sea Basin are closely related. Here, new data on the protoconch morphology are provided and radular and anatomical data of this group of hydrobiid gastropods from the Azov-Black Sea Basin are reviewed. It is also shown that the supposed close relationship between the two aforesaid genera is reflected in an involved combination of similarity and dissimilarity of their representatives. The most prominent teleoconch dissimilarity of Falsipyrgula and Euxinipyrgula is a keel in former and absence of a keel in latter. Homology and origin of the keel in Falsipyrgula from the shoulder of Euxinipyrgula is hypothesized and discussed in detail. Protoconch morphology and characters of the reproductive systems of both sexes suggest that Falsipyrgula is more similar to Euxinipyrgula from the Azov-Black Sea Basin than to any other known hydrobiid from the Balkan (e.g., Pyrgula and Dianella). Paleontological data and the region's paleogeography suggest that the evolution of the genus Falsipyrgula is historically connected to the Black Sea Basin rather than to the Balkan's ancient lakes Ohrid or Prespa. The Anatolian genus Falsipyrgula and the Azov-Black Sea Basin's genera Turricaspia and Euxinipyrgula are attributed to the subfamily Turricaspiinae B. Dybowski & Grochmalicki, 1915. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
... In Türkiye, it was firstly recorded in 1980 [10]. Then, reports of it came from different places from regions of Aegean, West Mediterranean and Marmara to West Anatolia (Gaziantep) and Black Sea (Kızılırmak) [17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28]. With this study, P. antipodarum was detected from only one sampling site, Lake Sarıkum, with high population density (21.82%) after Theodoxus fluviatilis (51.63%). ...
... Although distribution of B. naticina is primarily confined to eastern Central Europe, Eastern Europe and Türkiye, this species reported as a rare and zoogeographically restricted in Germany and endangered in some other European countries [33]. It is reported that B. naticina' distribution in Türkiye includes the Mediterranean [17]. Although typical habitats of B. naticina is given as large and medium-sized lowland rivers [33], different researchers have recorded the presence of B. naticina previously from the lake (Lakes, Sapanca, Karataş, Eğirdir, Kovada) rather than river (Istranca Stream and Yuvarlakçay) in Türkiye [5]. ...
Commonly found in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, Gastropoda members are the class with the highest number of species within the Mollusca. Freshwater Gastropods which are generally listed in primary consumer play a crucial part in aquatic environments by feeding numerous fish species and vertebrate species. They include species that are widely distributed in rivers and lakes and are used as indicators in aquatic systems monitoring studies. In Turkey, the Black Sea Region is also a privileged geography in terms of its topography and historical development history of aquatic systems, rich in rivers and lakes. In this research, field studies were conducted from 20 different stations in the Black Sea region in 2017-2018. Benthic macroinvertebrate samples were collected from lakes and rivers with an Ekman grab sampler and hand net. Samples were washed in situ and fixed with 70% ethyl alcohol. Totally 10442 benthic macroinvertebrate members belong to 21 taxa were determined in the study. In the region, Oligochaeta was the dominant taxa with 56.80% dominancy value and followed by Chironomidae and Gastropoda with 18.26 and 8.24, respectively. As third dominant taxa, Gastropoda members were consist of 870 individuals belong to 11 taxa. It was determined that Gyraulus elenae and Radix labiata from Gastropoda were widely distributed in the region. These species have broad tolerance to pollution. In the study, it was determined that both densities of species and population were increased in the regions of the rivers that are far from the settlement areas or that have not been intervened and in the littoral parts of the lakes. In general, a decrease was observed not only in the Gastropoda members but also in the expected population density of the macrozoobenthos members in the parts of the streams that are under pressure.
... Pyrgula-like shells are referred to the genus Falsipyrgula Radoman, 1973, following Schütt andYildirim (1999). In his preceding works Schütt (1991Schütt ( , 1997 referred these shells to the genus Pyrgula. ...
... Our material shows all transitional forms from shells nearly lacking a keel to the shells with a well-developed keel, with a gradual flattening of the whorls. Today F. sieversi occurs in the eastern region of Turkey (Yildirim, 1999). ...
... Pyrgula-like shells are referred to the genus Falsipyrgula Radoman, 1973, following Schütt andYildirim (1999). In his preceding works Schütt (1991Schütt ( , 1997 referred these shells to the genus Pyrgula. ...
... Our material shows all transitional forms from shells nearly lacking a keel to the shells with a well-developed keel, with a gradual flattening of the whorls. Today F. sieversi occurs in the eastern region of Turkey (Yildirim, 1999). ...
... Также горный субтропический регион с реликтовыми фаунами, отчасти сходными с Кавказом. изучен крайне неравномерно: имеющиеся весьма полные списки для ракообразных и моллюсков (Ozbek, Ustaoglu, 2006; Yildirim, 1999 ) обнаруживают наличие очень богатой эндемичной фауны (более богатой, чем на Кавказе ); насекомые же изучены слабо. по имеющимся отрывочным данным, их фауна также во многом специфична, хотя имеет немало общих элементов как с фауной Кавказа, так и с фауной балкан (и может рассматриваться как связующий мост между этими регионами). ...
... впрочем, данные, которыми располагал Я.и. старобогатов сорок лет назад, не включали, например, богатую и специфичную фауну моллюсков Малой азии (Yildirim, 1999). с другой стороны, для многих регионов схема старобогатова проработана гораздо более детально, чем наша, и включает больше отдельных провинций (точнее, 34 провинции для палеарктики и 32 – для сино-индийской области ). ...
Spatial differentiation of the Eurasian freshwater faunas is analyzed based on the original and published data on the aquatic insects, crustaceans, and mollusks (about 8800 species in total). The Hacker-Dice similarity index is employed as a principal criterion of differentiation. The schemes of biogeographic zonation are constructed for the nine large macrobenthic taxa, namely, Odonata, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Trichoptcra, Malacostraca, Gastropoda, and Bivalvia. Discussed are principal discordances in distribution of three different ecological-systematic groups of the macrobenthos, namely, limnophylic insects, rheophylic insects, and crustaceans with mollusks. A generalized zonation system of the Eurasian fresh waters is elaborated, which is fundamentally divided into Palaearctic and Oriental Regions. The former is further divided into five subregions: Euro-Ob, Near East, Central Asia, Eastern Siberia, and Japan. The latter is divided into three subregions: Indo-Himalaya, China, and Malay. Preliminary classification of the provinces is also provided. Disagreements between the biogeographic systems of different authors are discussed.
... anatolica because the genus Islamia usually occurs near springs, e.g. those at Kirkgöz (Radoman, 1973;Yildirim, 1999;Kebapçi & Yildirim, 2010). Specimens of this species have been sent to M.Z. ...
... The absence of Theodoxus heldreichi in the Pleistocene layers studied is connected with the nature of the lakebed and the lack of a hard substrate. The following species are also not present in the sediments studied: Graecoanatolica lacustristurca Radoman 1973, Graecoanatolica pamphylica (Schütt, 1964), Kirelia carinata Radoman 1973, Falsipyrgula beysehirana (Schütt, 1965, Falsipyrgula carinata (Radoman, 1983), Falsipyrgula schuetti Yildirim 1999, Valvata cristata (Müller, 1774, Valvata piscinalis (Müller, 1774), Dreissena polymorpha anatolica (Locard, 1893), as well as several Planorbidae and bivalves (Schütt, 1965;Schütt, 1993;Schütt & Yildirim, 1999;Kebapçi & Yildirim, 2010;PDF 274, Yildirim & Kebapçi, 2009). Dreissena polymorpha iconica Schütt 1991 is listed in several ancient layers in the Beyşehir-Suğla basin (de Ridder, 1965;Erol, 1978;Schütt, 1993) and in the Konya basin it is found in alternate phases (Roberts, 1982;Roberts et al., 1999), but is not present in the Lake Beyşehir strata studied here. ...
In the summer of 2000 samples of beach deposits on the shore of Lake Eğirdir were collected. Subsequently, in August 2002, further samples were taken from a sequence exposed near Lake Beyşehir that was composed of carbonatic and gyttja layers containing abundant aquatic molluscs; these were dated to the end of the Middle Pleistocene. Species identification was made difficult by the fact that anatomical studies could not be made, and also because the taxonomy of Turkish molluscs still suffers from the effects of the once widespread habit of identifying Anatolian species as similar European species. The latter difficulty is well on the way to be resolved.
For much of the Middle-Upper Pleistocene and Holocene, Lake Eğirdir had characteristics similar to those of the large Beyşehir-Suğla Basin: a piedmont location enclosed by mountain ranges, large size and north-south orientation, maximum depth of about 15 m, variable water level and nutrient concentration (occasionally becoming a large pond), and probable increases in salinity. The qualitative and quantitative study of both malacofaunas, together with taphonomic observations on the shells,gave deeper insight into the formation processes of natural lacustrine shell accumulations and certain aspects of zooarchaeological interest, improving our understanding of such phenomena.
... These species belong to various genera within the Neritimorpha and Caenogastropoda. Among the notable genera found in Turkish waters (Yıldırım, 1999) are the neritimorph Theodoxus (Montfort, 1810) and the caenogastropod genera Viviparus (Montfort, 1810), Valvata (O. F. Müller, 1773), Hydrobia (Hartmann, 1821), Semisalsa (Radoman, 1974), Graecoanatolica (Radoman, 1973), Kirelia (Radoman, 1977), Belgrandiella (A. ...
This study presents new insights into the near-threatened endemic microsnail Sheitanok amidicus (Schütt & Şeşen, 1991), shedding light on its distribution and morphological characteristics, which have never been documented alive. Surveys conducted in 2023 uncovered two previously unknown localities where the species thrives: stenothermic springs in Tavşantepe village and a private farm in Diyarbakır, Turkey. The snail has whitishgrey body tissue, tentacles with an average length of 0.3 mm, and a foot extending up to 2 mm with grey dots on the upper part. The oval-shaped operculum has an average height and width of 0.4 and 0.3 mm, respectively. The shell width and height is 1.0 mm and 0.7 mm, respectively. The snail has unique features including an orange operculum, heartshaped blackish mouth parts and two blackish eyes at the base of its tentacles. Previously, the species was known to inhabit seven locations in Southeast Turkey. Its near threatened status on the IUCN Red List highlights the urgency of conservation efforts. The identification of these new locations provides hope for reducing the risk of extinction for S. amidicus. Additionally, describing the snail’s external characteristics would aid in systematic classification of newly found species within this monotypic genus.
... The representative forms of ostracods were selected for the SEM study, and the SEM-BSE images were acquired at Hacettepe University. Within the systematic palaeontology studies, many studies on ostracods (e.g., Beker et al., 2008;Freels, 1980;Fuhrmann, 2012;Karanovic, 2012;Meisch, 2000;Ş afak et al., 1999;Tuncer, 2020;Tuncer and Tunoglu, 2015;Tunoglu et al., 1995Tunoglu et al., , 2012Witt, 2003) and mollusks (e.g., Schütt, 1990Schütt, , 1991Schütt and Ş en, 1993;Yıldırım, 1999;Yıldırım et al., 2006aYıldırım et al., , 2006bZhadin, 1965) in Anatolia and the World were used and referred for the identification of the taxa, and taxonomic rules by International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) (1999) were followed. After that, the abundance of fauna at all levels and their distribution along the core successions were identified, and distribution and abundance figures using a computer program (TILIA 2.0.b.4 software) were created for better evaluations. ...
The Şarkikaraağaç coalfield is located in the north-western part of the Lake Beyşehir Basin, which is the most significant graben area in the eastern flank of Isparta Angle, and hosts a 300-Mt coal resource. This study focuses on the first palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic reconstruction of Pliocene and early Pleistocene coal-bearing sequences cored in the two coal exploration wells (SK-1 and SK-2) using coal petrography, mineralogy, faunal (ostracod and mollusk), and floral (palynology and diatom) data from four coal seams (from bottom to top: B, A, X-1, and X-0) with the variable total thickness (1 to 7 m). According to the palynological data, warm and humid climate conditions prevailed during the early Pliocene, and the precursor peats of seams A and B were mainly accumulated under limno-telmatic conditions, with high contributions of herbaceous peat-forming plants. Nevertheless, the co-occurrence of syngenetic carbonate minerals and framboidal pyrites along with calcareous fossil and diatom remains implies neutral to weakly alkaline conditions within palaeomires of these seams. Furthermore, ostracod and gastropod fauna from these seams might imply nutrient-rich shallow water conditions and spring support (e.g., karstic aquifer) into palaeomires. Thus, algal activity within the palaeomires was presumably high, and freshwater algae and diatoms were commonly identified in these seams.With the development of increased uplift ratio of central Taurides and climatic changes towards to late stages of Pliocene and particularly early Pleistocene, the common peat-forming plants within palaeomires and vegetation in the surrounding areas were changed. The increased precipitation caused an elevation of water levels in the study area; hence, the precursor peats of the seam X-1 were accumulated under wet forest mire conditions. This increase also explains the existence of ostracod and mollusk fauna related to river and spring support underlying sequences of the seam X-1. With the ceasing of accumulation of peat of the seam X-1, the climate became drier, and very shallow water conditions have been common. The development of spring support and relatively high precipitation in a short period of time allowed for final peat accumulation (seam X-0) during the early Pleistocene. Nevertheless, this period was followed by the development of relatively colder conditions in the study area, and cold small water conditions were developed during the end of the early Pleistocene. Furthermore, microthermic vegetation was common in the vicinity of the palaeomires during the early Pleistocene. Overall, the peat accumulation and water level of lakes in the study area seem to be controlled by climatic oscillations and uplift of margins of the Lake Beyşehir Basin during the Pliocene to early Pleistocene.
... Gastropod species of the family Hydrobiidae Stimpson, 1865 are a dominant component of Palaearctic freshwaters (Strong et al. 2008). However, our knowledge of hydrobiid species living today in Anatolia lags far behind that of species occupying other Mediterranean peninsulas (Yildirim 1999). One of the main reasons for this is the great endemicity and restricted geographic range of hydrobiid species in Anatolia, which, along with their small size (1-8 mm), have hindered the success of taxonomic efforts. ...
The systematics of Anatolian species of the aquatic snail family Hydrobiidae Stimpson, 1865 has received little attention. Several of these species were previously classified within the circum-Mediterranean genera Pseudamnicola Paulucci, 1878 and Graecoanatolica Radoman, 1973 according to their shell and penis features. Two examples are P. geldiayana Schütt & Bilgin, 1970 and G. nageli Glöer & Pešić, 2015. However, characteristics of the female genitalia from the original descriptions of these 2 species do not correspond to those of their respective genera. Consequently, their taxonomic status is here re-assessed using DNA sequence data from paratypes and conspecific snails from other populations. Molecular phylogenies based on 3 gene fragments (COI, 16S rRNA, and 18S rRNA) depict these 2 taxa within other hydrobiid subfamilies (i. e., the Belgrandiinae and Hydrobiinae), distantly positioned from their nominal genera. For these 2 species, we also describe unstudied morphological characters, such as those of the radula and ctenidium, and find substantial differences from their phylogenetically closely related taxa. These results support the erection of 2 distinct new genera, Cariohydrobia gen. nov. and Erosiconcha gen. nov., and highlight the importance of combining morphological and molecular evidence to define the taxonomic status of extant hydrobiid species of Anatolia.
... Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was carried out for analyzing 7 environmental variables with 5 Mollusca species at khur Tushka West (Fig.6) (Yıldırım, 1999). Some Prosobranchia species could be found in waters with low DO levels (Hart and Fuller, 1974). ...
The present study aimed to assess the diversity and distribution of Mollusca under the impact of some physico-chemical variables in Lake Nasser, Egypt. Bottom fauna was sampled for 4 seasons in 2013 and 2 seasons (winter & summer) in 2015 from the main channel of Lake Nasser and two main of its khurs (Dahmit Khur and Tushka West Khur).The study revealed the predominance of gastropods over bivalves. A total of 10 taxa of freshwater molluscs were recorded, 7 species from Gastropoda and 3species of Bivalvia representing 95 % and 5% of the total population density of molluscs respectively. Numerically, Valvata nilotica was the most abundant taxa followed by Gyraulus ehrenbergi. Melanoides tuberculata and Bulinus truncatus. Spharium simile and Pisidium pirothi showed less frequent appearance, whereas Cleopatra bulimoides and Corbicula fluminalis were recorded as rare taxa. Relationship between the total number of individuals of molluscs and environmental parameters were determined by Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). The results of analysis revealed a significant correlation between the total number of Mollusca and some environmental parameters, such as dissolved oxygen, pH, depth, transparency. Additionally, Ferrissia sp. was firstly recorded from Lake Nasser.
... Below, we provide short remarks on the most informative species which were found in Pekecik 1 section with description of the new Bourguignat, 1853, V. macrostoma Mörch, 1864and V. kebapcii Odabaşi, Glöer et Yıldırım, 2015and 3 extinct species: V. costata Taner, 1973, V. kavusani Schütt, 1994and V. beysehirensis Glöer et Girod, 2013(Yıldırım, 1999Haszprunar, 2014;Odabaşi et al., 2015). Our material is very close to V. piscinalis described from Pasinler Basin (Schütt, 1997), but umbo is slightly broader. ...
The paper presents new data on brackish-water Upper Pliocene and Lower Pleistocene deposits that were studied in the Demirkent (Kars) and Pekecik (Erzurum) sections, NE Turkey. The Demirkent section is situated in the southwestern slope of the Shirak Late Cenozoic intermontane basin near the Turkish-Armenian border. The Pekecik section is situated to the SW of the Demirkent in the southwestern slope of the Horasan intermontane basin. Both sections are composed of clays, silts, and poorly cemented fine-grained sandstones and contain the brackish-water dinocysts of the Akchagylian type. The age of the deposits is determined by combined analysis of associations of molluscs and small mammals, palynological spectra, including dinocysts and algae, and magnetostratigraphic data. The Demirkent and Pekecik sections are dated to the Late Pliocene (Piacenzian). The maximum spread of the Akchagylian transgression influenced the inland areas of NE Turkey prior to the early Gelasian. The pollen spectra demonstrate progressive aridisation during sedimentation of the lower part of the Demirkent section and the wetter and cooler climate during sedimentation of the lower part of the Pekecik section. The analysis of brackish-water dinocysts and fresh-water algae in different beds of the Demirkent section indicates gradual freshening of the basin probably due to the sea level fall. In the Pekecik section, the brackish-water dinocysts are found in the lower part that is covered by the lignite-bearing layers without signs of marine influence. Recent altitudes of the Akchagylian brackish-water deposits give a possibility to estimate magnitudes and average rates of the Quaternary uplift of the western Lesser Caucasus. The elevation of the Upper Pliocene deposits of Demirkent and Pekecik sections shows the uplift rate of ca. 0.6–0.7 mm per year during 2.6 Ma.
... Considering the habitat structure and characteristics of the stations in which inhabiting of a P. antipodarum population in the study area, in the Delice River, the first station can be placed into a distinguished position among others as it is mainly fed by groundwater springs from the bottom (personal observation). Theodoxus fluviatilis and Pseudamnicola natolica are associated taxa with P. antipodarum supporting this claim because of their special habitat preference; springs (rheocrenes) and groundwater inhabitants (Yıldırım 1999;Falkner et al. 2001) that indicating the groundwater sources in the sampling region. According to the data, P. antipodarum might be considered as invasive for the region (1 st station of the Delice River) due to a well-established population. ...
İki farklı bölgede ve zamanda yürütülen çalışmalardan elde edilen verileri kapsayan bu çalışma, Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1843)’un popülasyon yapısı ile ilgili bazı verileri (baskınlık, bölgedeki dağılımı gibi) sunmaktadır. Verilerimize göre, Delice Nehri’nde P. antipodarum dört farklı noktada ve farklı populasyon yoğunluklarında tespit edilmiştir. Ancak Kocabaş Çayı’nda sadece küçük bir populasyonun varlığına rastlanmıştır. Bu tür % 31,43 değeri ile Delice Nehri’nde Physella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805)’dan (% 46,88) sonra ikinci en baskın türdür. Diğer taraftan, bu tür Kocabaş Çayı’nda çok yüksek sayıda bir popülasyona sahip değildir. Bu makalede, P. antipodarum’un istilasını destekleyen faktörler tartışılmıştır.
... Theodoxus is one of the most widely distributed genera in the gastropod family Neritidae. The genus is found in the Palearctic realm throughout most of Europe, including Northern Africa, the Baltic Sea (Skoog, 1971), Anatolia (Yildirim, 1999), and eastward as far as Iran. Specimens inhabit hard substrates in brackish and fresh water environments with water movement either in the form of currents or waves (Fretter and Graham, 1962). ...
Early sites along the Dead Sea Transform (southern Levant), among them the Erq el Ahmar Elephant Site, are key points in understanding hominin and mammal migration out of Africa and into Eurasia. The late Prof. Tchernov had begun an intensive campaign to expose the faunal remains at the site, but unfortunately was unable to conclude his study. Based on interim reports and geomorphological descriptions, we were aware of numerous elephant remains found and left in situ. The Erq el Ahmar Elephant Site is a controversial site. There are those who see it as the earliest Pleistocene hominin site in the area, while others consider it a paleontological site without any hominin involvement. We returned to the site to try to resolve this controversy. In a systematic excavation, we succeeded in exposing the previously uncovered elements, exposed more material and currently better understand the deposition sequence. However, the task was very challenging, since the skeletal elements were very fragile and required careful exposure and conservation, both in situ and in the laboratory, before they could be studied. A series of elements were found partially superimposed. Several elements of the skull, an almost complete tusk, vertebrae, ribs, a scapula and limb bones were found. Mammoth diagnostic traits were identified in the teeth and tusk. However, very few skeletons of early mammoths are known from the region. Have we exposed the most complete Mammuthus rumanus skeleton? Tooth microwear indicates leaf-browsing dietary traits, similar to that of other M. rumanus of this period. In addition, the recent excavations have revealed the potential of the site in understanding the evolution and dispersal of proboscidean species out of Africa during the Plio-Pleistocene, adding another focal point to the southern Levant along this route.
... As phylogenetic studies revealed, this species survived the Pleistocene glacial periods in South European refugia (Northern Italy, Black Sea area), then the species' range started to expand in the Holocene (Bunje 2005). The occurrence of river nerite was reported from the Baltic Sea drainages (Skoog 1971;Carsson 2000), the Black Sea drainages (Anistratenko et al. 1999), Ireland (Lucey et al. 1992) and Anatolia (Yildirim 1999). Regarding the Danube basin, the species is considered native only in the downstream section of the River Danube (Čejka and Horsák 2002;Bódis et al. 2012). ...
This study presents the first occurrence and recent distribution pattern of the river nerite (Theodoxus fluviatilis L. 1758) in Lake Balaton. The first appearance of this Prosobranch snail was recorded along the western shore of the Tihany peninsula situated on the middle section of the lake, at 21 st of October 2013 during a routine macrozoobenthos sampling. Occurrence of the species was also recorded along the eastern shoreline of the peninsula in 2015, and it became highly abundant in both areas in the following years. Results of a comprehensive survey conducted in the autumn of 2018 in the littoral region of the lake revealed that the river nerite has colonized almost the entire shoreline of Lake Balaton, only the westernmost and easternmost areas were still devoid of this invader, therefore it seems that its spread has not been finished yet. The river nerite appeared in extremely high abundances (up to 4-5000 individuals/m 2) in the middle area of the lake, therefore it is likely that this species will have a significant effect on the biota of Lake Balaton, especially in the littoral zone of the lake.
... We note that these 2 taxa are now classified in the genus Falsipyrgula Radoman, 1973, which includes relictual species inhabiting lakes of south-western Ana tolia, Turkey (e.g. Yildirim 1999, Wilke et al. 2007, Anistratenko 2008. ...
Within the genus Shadinia Akramowski, 1976, 8 groups have been differentiated by their conchology and male/female genital anatomy. One of these groups is treated as the monomorphic species S. akramowskii (Shadin, 1952) while 7 others are morphs of the polymorphic S. terpoghassiani (Shadin, 1952). In 5 out of the 8 designated groups, p-distances for COI gene sequences were less than 1%, which corresponds to intraspecific distances of a single species. The 2 species, S. terpoghassiani (type species of genus Shadinia) and S. akramowskii, have been found sympatrically only at a single locality, where the p-distance between them is higher than between the same species from separate localities. In the type series of S. terpoghassiani, all shells bear a well-developed spiral keel, except for a single snail with a smooth shell, which was named S. terpoghassiani morpha ecarinata Akramowski, 1976. This keel-less morph is characterized by sexual dimorphism; the females are similar to S. akramowskii in the shape of the shell, but the males resemble S. bjniensis Bößneck, Walther & Neiber, 2016. The presence of sexual dimorphism, a unique trait for the ecarinata morph, could lead to considering this morph as a distinct species, but COI gene sequences are identical to S. bjniensis (with no sexual dimorphism observed) and demonstrate conspecificity of these species. We provide the detailed characteristics for S. akramowskii and the 7 morphs of S. terpoghassiani. Attribution of Hydrobia sieversi O. Boettger, 1881 to the genus Shadinia is still uncertain due to the lack of anatomical and molecular data. The taxonomic structure of the genus and possible diversification patterns within the genus are discussed. © E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (Nägele u. Obermiller) and Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2018.
... Ñòàðîáîãàòîâà, åãî êîëëåã è ó÷åíèêîâ ( Ãîëèêîâ, Ñòàðîáîãàòîâ, 1968, 1987, 1989Ñòàðîáîãàòîâ, 1970;Ñëàâîøåâñêàÿ, 1975, 1983Golikov, Starobogatov, 1975;Ìèíè÷åâ, Ñòàðîáîãàòîâ, 1979;Ñèòíèêîâà, Ñòàðîáîãàòîâ, 1982;Ñòàðîáîãàòîâ, Ñèòíèêîâà, 1983;Àíèñòðàòåíêî, Ñòàðîáîãàòîâ, 1990Àíèñòðàòåíêî, 1991, 1997, 1998, 2007Ñèðåíêî, 1993, 1998Àíèñòðàòåíêî è äð., 2000, 2007à, á, 2008Êàíòîð, Ñûñîåâ, 2005Anistratenko, 2006Anistratenko, , 2008 è äð.). Ñðåäè çàðóáåaeíûõ ïóáëèêàöèé ýòîãî âðåìåíè ìíîãî âàaeíûõ ðàáîò ïî âèäîâîìó ðàçíîîáðàçèþ è ñèñòåìàòèêå ìîëëþñêîâ, îáèòàþùèõ â òîì ÷èñëå â ×åðíîì è Àçîâñêîì ìîðÿõ ( Nord-sieck, 1972;Radoman, 1973Radoman, , 1983Giusti, Pezzoli, 1980, 1984Bouchet, 1985;Ponder, 1985;Falniowski, 1987;Ponder, WarJn, 1988;Poppe, Goto, 1991;Wilke, 1997;Wilke, Aartsen, 1998;Yildirim, 1999;Wilke et. al., 2001Wilke et. ...
Anistratenko V.V., Khaliman I.A & Anistratenko O.Yu. 2011. The Molluscs of the Sea of Azov. Kiev: Naukova dumka. 173 pp. [in Russian with English Abstract].
The present book is the monographic description of molluscs inhabiting the Sea of Azov, adjacent lagoons (Molochnyj and Utlyuk) and Taganrog Bay. In foreword chapter the general characteristics of the Sea of Azov and short essay on the history of its molluscs study are given. General part consists of Material and Methods of the present study description, morphologic sketch of Phylum Mollusca as well as Gastropod and Bivalve classes; main characteristics of soft body and shell used for species identification are also provided here. Systematic part includes the illustrative description of all species registered within the region studied: 70 species of Gastropoda and 26 species of Bivalvia (except for freshwater molluscs). The final chapter considers some problems of the Azov Sea molluscs’ geographic distribution and ecology depending on water salinity. At the end of the monograph the reference list and alphabetic index for scientific names of taxa are also provided. The publication is intended for professionals in the field of invertebrate zoology, hydrobiology, it is also addressed to students in biology and to wide audience of nature lovers.
... Ta[45]. They often live, in large groups, on the benthic zones of running or turbulent waters, on the solid banks and sometimes on the vegetation [46, 47, 48]. According to [49] Theodoxus anatolicus is endemic species in Turkey and prefers oligotrofic water bodies with gizzard bottom of streams. ...
Total of 12 gastropoda species obtained from 45 different sampling locations in Malatya were examined to determine relationships between species and their ecological characteristics from June 2014 to May 2015. The first 2 axes of canonical correspondence analysis explain 86.4 % of the variance between thirteen species and seven environmental variables. The influence of electrical conductivity on species distribution was significantly higher (P = 0.02) than that of the other ecological factors. Two taxa (Anadoludamnicola glöeri and Anadoludamnicola glöeri brevis) were positively correlated to DO and pH. Some species (Acroloxus lacustris, Anadoludamnicola glöeri, Anadoludamnicola glöeri brevis and Ancylus fluviatilis) showed no clear relationship with any of those environmental variables. The most frequently occurring species were clustered into 4 main groups based on their ecological characteristics using unweighted pair group mean averages (UPGMA).
... Weber 1927 de ilk kez Eğirdir Gölü'n den Pyrgula pfeifferi türünü tanımlamıştır (Yıldırım, 1999b). Daha sonra Schütt Eğirdir'de bulunan bu türün adını Xestopyrgula pfeiferi pfeiferi olarak değiştirmiştir (Schütt, 1965). ...
... Prosobranchs are known to be significant indicators of water quality, due to their widespread distribution in different geographical locations and the presence within aquatic environments (Aldridge, 1983;Duft et al. 2007). The amount of dissolved oxygen in the water is an important indicator of the abundance of some species, particularly Prosobranchia (Ertan et al., 1996;Yıldırım, 1999). Three species were detected belong to Prosobranchia. ...
This study was carried out by the streams of Tunceli province (Turkey) between June 2008 and May 2009 to determine Mollusca fauna. Samples were taken at 20 stations, seasonally. Mollusca fauna of the streams of Tunceli was represented by three species of Prosobranchia (Bithynia pseudemmericia, Bithynia tentaculata, Anadoludamnicola gloeri), four species of Pulmonata (Galba truncatula, Radix labiata, Physella acuta, Acroloxus lacustris), and two species of Bivalvia (Pisidium casertanum, Pisidium lilljeborgii). Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was applied to determine the relationships among the Mollusca fauna and physicochemical variables. CCA explained 31.897% of the species and environmental variation by the second axis. Water temperature (T), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and Ca+2 were the most influential variables on the Mollusca fauna. The present study is the first research on the Mollusca fauna in the streams of Tunceli province. Molluscs species were recorded for the first time from the area. © Published by Central Fisheries Research Institute (CFRI) Trabzon, Turkey.
... The species were identified using methods described in [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. While physicochemical parameters, such as dissolved oxygen and saturation of dissolved oxygen, were measured with a YSI 55, conductivity, water temperature and pH were measured with a YSI 63.The other parameters including chloride, bicarbonate, carbonate, calcium, magnesium, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, ammonium, sulphate, phosphate, silica, organic matter and chlorophyll-a were measured using classical titrimetric and spectrophotometric methods [42,43]. ...
In order to determine the relation between physicochemical parameters (water temperature, depth, light permeability, chlorophyll-a, turbidity, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, saturation of dissolved oxygen, chloride, organic substance, bicarbonate, carbonate, hardness, calcium, magnesium, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, sulphate, silica, phosphate, acid power) and zoobenthic organisms in Lake Eğirdir, which is the fourth-largest lake in area (47.250 ha) in Turkey, samples were taken monthly from 4 different stations between January 2010 and December 2010. The average abundance of 24 zoobenthic taxa recorded was determined to be 4.195 individuals/m2. Dominant taxon was oligochaeta with 53.4 % relative density, and subdominant taxa (Insecta with 17.6 % relative density, Bryozoa with 11.7 % relative density, and Malacostraca with 10.6 % relative density) were determined on a monthly basis. The relations of zoobenthic organisms with physicochemical parameters were analyzed with a CCA (Canonical Correspondance Analysis), and it was found that there were positive relations between Pisidium amnicum (Gastropoda) and Falsipyrugula pfeiferi (Gastropoda) taxa and temperature, between Ostracoda, Arrenurus sinuator (Arachnida), Neumania deltoides (Arachnida) taxa and dissolved oxygen, and between Dreissena polymorpha (Bivalvia), Gyraulus albus (Gastropoda) and depth. The average species diversity of zoobenthic organism fauna of the lake was found to be H=1.35 according to Shannon-Weaner index; however, it was found to be D= 0.66 according to Simpson diversity index and J'= 0.62 according to Pielou Evenness index. When compared to the data obtained in the previous studies on the lake, it was observed that the density of zoobenthic organism and composition of species diversity in the lake had changed.
... Theodoxus fluviatilis, a characteristic representative of lotic freshwater ecosystems, but also of the surf zone of lakes, is one of the most widely distributed species of the gastropod family Neritidae (Zettler 2008). The species occurs throughout most parts of Europe, ranging in its distribution from Scandinavia to Spain and from Ireland to Anatolia (Peters and Traunspurger 2012;Yildirim 1999;Bunje 2005;Lucey et al. 1992). In the River Rhine and its tributaries, T. fluviatilis is the only species of the Neritidae and was commonly found until the end of the 20th century. ...
The endangered freshwater snail Theodoxus fluviatilis is a widely distributed European member of the
gastropod family Neritidae. This taxon was abundantly found in the River Rhine until the end of the 20th
century, and was considered to be extinct there since the late 1990s. Since 2006, a new, but morphological
different form of T. fluviatilis has been recorded in the Upper Rhine region. Our aim was to identify the source
of the recent populations by analysing individuals from five sites throughout the current known distribution
along the River Rhine. Therefore, we sequenced the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI)
gene, and compared the data with those from individuals collected in the early 1990s and 40 already known
haplotypes from a pan-European study. Our results show that all studied recent Rhine individuals harbour
only one COI haplotype that corresponds to an already known haplotype described from the River Danube
and the Ukraine region near the Black Sea. This suggests that a re-colonisation of the River Rhine by T.
fluviatilis from the River Danube is the most likely scenario of the re-establishment of the species. This route
of invasion is known for other freshwater taxa that originate from the Ponto-Caspian region. Even though the
current Rhine populations belong to T. fluviatilis their invasion may have consequences for the native Central
European populations. Therefore, we recommend considering the current Rhine population as ‘cryptic
invader’.
... The discovery in 1919 on the Crimean Peninsula of a F. fragilis Ancylus lacustris brevis Puzaa nov, 1925 can be considered one of the earlier findings of Ferrissia on the European continent; the name was later recognized as a junior synonym of F. fragilis (Puzanov, 1925; Son, 2007a, b). In recent years, this mollusks was found in freshwaa ter ecosystems of the oceanic islands of the Azores archipelago (Raposeiro et al., 2011), in the waters of Turkey and Syria (Yildirim et al., 2006), in Central Asia—in the greenhouse of the botanical garden in Dushanbe, Tajikistan (Izzatullaev, 1987), and in East Asia—Taiwan and the Philippines (Walther et al., 2006a, b). The first specimens of this invider found in Gerr many, on the basis of conchological features, were determined by J. Morrison (Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA) as Ferrissia shimekii (Pilsbry), a species of North American origin (later the name was reduced to synonyms to Ferrissia fragilis) (Boettt ger, 1949; Basch, 1963). ...
The North American freshwater gastropod Ferrissia fragilis (Tryon, 1863) was recorded for the first time in the Middle Volga basin in October 2008. Live specimens and shells of mollusks were found in the coastal zone of Lake Middle Kaban, which is a cooling pond of the Kazan Heat and Electric Power Plant. Most likely, this alien gastropod was introduced into the lake from an amateur aquarium. Within the population of F. fragilis, a variability of shell shape cups was marked.
... Weber 1927 de ilk kez Eğirdir Gölü'n den Pyrgula pfeifferi türünü tanımlamıştır (Yıldırım, 1999b). Daha sonra Schütt Eğirdir'de bulunan bu türün adını Xestopyrgula pfeiferi pfeiferi olarak değiştirmiştir (Schütt, 1965). ...
The some taxonomic characters of species in superfamily Hydrobioidea (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) distrubuted in freshwater of Isparta. In this study, it has been given some anatomical characters of species in superfamily Hydrobioidea collected from the Isparta provinces and determined 4 species in the wreshwater habitat. Falsipyrgula pfeiferi Weber 1927; Graecoanatolica lacustristurca Radoman 1973; Graecoanatolica kocapinarica Radoman 1973; Bythinella turca Radoman 1976) The anatomical diagrams using in description of species, except for Falsipyrgula pfeiferi Weber, 1927 has been given far the first time. Özet: Bu araştirmada Isparta ili sucul sistemlerinden toplanmiş olan Hydrobioidea taksonuna ait olan 4 tür Falsipyrgula pfeiferi Weber 1927; Graecoanatolica lacustristurca Radoman 1973; Graecoanatolica kocapinarica Radoman 1973; Bythinella turca Radoman 1976 bazi anatomik karakterleri incelenmiştir. Tür ayriminda kullanilan morfolojik ve anatomik incelemeler Falsipyrgula pfeiferi Weber 1927 türü hariç, diğer taksonlar için ilk kez verilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Isparta, Tatlisu, Hydrobioidea, Gastropoda, Taksonomi.
... Dissolved oxygen levels of the water were a significant parameter for the abundance of especially Prosobranchia species [17,23,25]. The highest number of individua were observed in autumn sampling at the stations 5 and 13. ...
Species composition, abundance, and seasonal distribution of the Gastropoda fauna and the physical and chemical variables of Upper Sakarya River System have been investigated between October 1998 and August 1999. Gastropod fauna in the Upper Sakarya River System was represented by 9 species of Prosobranchia and 7 species of Pulmonata. Diversity, dominance, and abundance of the Gastropoda species were recorded seasonally. The abundance of some of the 16 species was correlated positively with temperature, dissolved oxygen and negatively or positively with pH and nitrate. It was observed that Gyraulus albus (Müller, 1774), Physa acuta Draparnaud, 1805, Valvata pulchella Studer, 1820, and Oxyloma elegans (Risso, 1826) can tolerate a high level of NO ‐N while V. piscinalis (Müller, 1774) spread out in unpolluted water.
Although the species and their numbers change at the stations, the maximum numbers were found during autumn, while minimums were identified during the winter sampling. Gyraulus albus was the most widespread species in our research area. Only 5 species ( Gyraulus albus , Physa acuta , Valvata cristata (Muller, 1774), Valvata pulchella , Melanopsis praemorsa costata (Olivier, 1804)) were determined each season. However, no Gastropoda were found at the station 3 that has high BOD, NO ‐N, NO ‐N, and NH 3 levels.
... Theodoxus fluviatilis is the most widely distributed species in this freshwater genus of the gastropod family Neritidae. It is distributed throughout most of Europe, including Scandinavia along the Baltic Sea (Skoog 1971), as well as Anatolia (Yildirim 1999). It ranges as far west as Ireland (Lucey et al . ...
Investigating the geographical distribution of genetic lineages within species is critical to our understanding of how species evolve. As many species inhabit large and complex ranges, it is important that phylogeographical research take into account the entire range of widespread species to clarify how myriad extrinsic variables have affected their evolutionary history. Using phylogenetic, nested clade, and mismatch distribution analyses on a portion of the mitochondrial COI gene, I demonstrate that the wide-ranging freshwater snail Theodoxus fluviatilis possesses in parallel many of the phylogeographical patterns seen in less widespread freshwater species of Europe. Fragmentary forces play a major part in structuring the range of this species, with 12 of 14 geographically structured nested clades displaying a distribution consistent with fragmentation or restricted dispersal. Certain regions of southern Europe harbour the majority of genetic diversity (total haplotype diversity, H = 0.87), particularly Italy (H = 0.87) and areas surrounding the Black Sea (H = 0.81). Post-Pleistocene range expansion is pronounced, with the majority of northern European populations (95% of sample sites) having arisen from northern Italian individuals that initially colonized northern Germany. Additionally, two highly divergent haplotype lineages present in northern Germany imply that there were at least two postglacial recolonization routes. Estuaries may also provide a means of dispersal given that no genetic differentiation was found between estuarine populations and neighbouring freshwater populations. Taken together, these data reveal a species with a complex genetic history resulting from the fragmentary effects of European geology as well as continuous and discrete range expansion related to their aquatic biology.
The endemic microsnail Sheitanok amidicus (Schütt & Ş eşen, 1991) was investigated to update its distribution and to raise awareness of its near-threatened status. S. amidicus specimens from Tüllük village (Paratype) (Devegeçidi Bridge, Diyarbakır), Kozluk town (Batman), Savur town (Mardin) and Elmabahce village (Mardin) were obtained from the Museum of Zoology, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Türkiye. Kozluk, Savur and Elmabahçe locations were not specified in the previous studies of collectors Schütt and Ş eşen. As a result of the surveys conducted at four springs in 2022, it was observed that the Tüllük spring was filled with construction debris, the Herbik spring (Elmabahçe) had dried up, and the level of water in Kozluk and Savur springs had significantly decreased. Some samples were collected from the Savur and Kozluk springs for comparison and confirmation. The species has an average shell size of 1.2-1.4mm wide and 0.8-1.0mm high and contains 3.5 or 4 highly convex whorls with moderately deep sutures that widen towards the aperture. Since S. amidicus lives in shallow springs, it quickly disappears when the source dries up. Notably, the species is in the IUCN Red List of threatened species as a near-threatened category. As a result, this current research could lead to conservation measures to protect the species from extinction. Furthermore, by reporting the colourful images and morphological features of this rare snail, which is the sole species in the genus, recording of the genus will be easier and more accurate.
This study re-evaluated the brackish and freshwater Prosobranch fauna list of Turkey. Furthermore, recent systematic changes and future studies to be performed were discussed. Theodoxus (Theodoxus) danubialis (C. PFEIFFER 1828). Th. (Th.) subthermalis (ISSEL 1865). Bythinella opaca (FRAUENFELD 1857). Pseudamnicola macrostoma (KÜSTER 1852). P. kotschyi FRAUENFELD 1856 and P. elbursensis STARMÜHLER & EDLAUER 1957 were removed from the list, while the following taxa were added: Viviparus mamillatus (KÜSTER 1852), Bithynia pentheri STURANY 1905. Hydrobia ventrosa (MONTAGU 1803). Hydrobia (Peringia) ulvae (PENNANT 1777), Belgrandiella adsharica (LINDHOLM 1913). Sadleriana byzanthina demirsoyii YILDIRIM and MORKOYUNLU 1997, Sadleriana fluminensis (KÜSTER 1852). Tefennia tefennica SCHÜTT and YILDIRIM 2003, Falsipyrgula schuetti YILDIRIM 1999, Bythinella occasiuncula BOETERS and FALKNER 2001 and Paludinella littorina (DELLE CHIAJE 1825). The number of currently recognised taxa reaches 80.
Central-southern Turkey, NW Syria, and adjacent offshore areas in the NE Mediterranean region form the boundary zone between the Turkish, African and Arabian Plates. A great deal of new information has emerged in recent years regarding senses and rates of active crustal deformation in this region, but this material has not hitherto been well integrated, so the interpretations of key localities by different teams remain contradictory. We have reviewed and synthesized this evidence, combining it with new investigations targeted at key areas of uncertainty. This work has led to the inference of previously unrecognized active faults and has clarified the roles of other structures within the framework of plate motions provided by GPS studies. Roughly one third of the relative motion between the Turkish and Arabian plates is accommodated on the Misis-Kyrenia Fault Zone, which links to the study region from the Kyrenia mountain range of northern Cyprus. Much of this motion passes NNE then eastward around the northern limit of the Amanos Mountains, as previously thought, but some of it splays northeastward to link into newly-recognised normal faulting within the Amanos Mountains. The remaining two thirds of the relative motion is accommodated along the Karasu Valley; some of this component steps leftward across the Amik Basin before passing southward onto the northern Dead Sea Fault Zone (DSFZ) but much of it continues southwestward, past the city of Antakya, then into offshore structures, ultimately linking to the subduction zone bounding the Turkish and African plates to the southwest of Cyprus. However, some of this offshore motion continues southward, west of the Syrian coast, before linking onshore into the southern DSFZ; this component of the relative motion is indeed the main reason why the slip rate on the northern DSFZ, measured geodetically, is so much lower than that on its southern counterpart. In some parts of this region, notably in the Karasu Valley, it is now clear how the expected relative plate motion has been accommodated on active faults during much of the Quaternary: rather than constant slip rates on individual faults, quite complex changes in the partitioning of this motion on timescales of hundreds of thousands of years are indicated. However, in other parts of the region it remains unclear whether additional major active faults remain unrecognised or whether significant relative motions are accommodated by distributed deformation or on the many smaller-scale structures present.
Bythinella, a highly diverse rissooidean genus, has a wide distribution area from the Iberian Peninsula to Asia Minor. More recent research about this genus revealed many taxa especially in the Balkan region. However, very few records were known from Turkey. This study aimed to describe a new species: Bythinella kazdaghensis sp. n. from the Mount Ida (Kaz Dagi) in Northwestern Turkey. Bythinella kazdaghensis sp. n. was compared with the species of Turkey and Greece as well. This new species was found to be similar to B. turca (Radoman, 1976) in terms of shell height.
The Neolithic site of Çatalhöyük in Turkey contains thousands of mollusk shells, among them about 200 fossils. About 25 fossil gastropods and bivalvesoriginate in a Miocene fauna from the Mediterranean Tethys province, and are known from several localities in the Taurus Mountains, dating to the Miocene. The rest are scaphopods belonging to two species of Dentalium and dating to the Pliocene. The gastropods and bivalves were likely collected in the Karaman-Mut Basin at adistance of about 50km from Çatalhöyük, while the scaphopods were brought from the Hatay Basin. Most of the fossil mollusks at the site were discovered in the upper phases, that is, late in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B sequence, and are associated with feasting activities. They may have been collected and brought to the site by the inhabitants as part of transhumance activities, or by visitors. © 2010Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Family Bithyniidae widely distributed in the Balkans and is represented by two genera in Europe: Bithynia and Pseudobithynia. More recent data about the Bithyniidae shows that the majority of family members are distributed in the Balkans and especially Greece. Seven species of Bithynia but only one of Pseudobithynia is currently known from Turkey. This study is aimed at describing a new species, Pseudobithynia yildirimi n. sp. from the Biga Peninsula in northwestern Turkey. Pseudobithynia yildirimi n. sp. is compared to related taxa in Turkey, as well as in Greece and neighbouring Iran. The penis variability and status of pseudo-maleness in P. yildirimi were also investigated.
Species composition, abundance and monthly distribution of the Mollusca fauna and the physicochemical variables of Saricay Creek and Atikhisar Reservoir have been investigated between September 2005-August 2006. Mollusca fauna in Saricay Creek and Atikhisar Reservoir was represented by 21 species of Gastropoda and 8 species of Bivalvia. Diversity, dominance and frequency were recorded monthly. By assessing the data via Shannon-Wiener index, Saricay Creek had an index of 2.58 richness at 8th station, while, third station in Atikhisar Reservoir had the poorest with an index of 0.02. According to Bray-Curtis similarity index, the first and third stations were found to be very similar to each other, while 8th and 66 h stations were observed to be the most different from all of the other stations in terms of the dynamics of mollusca fauna. Dreissena polmorpha were the most dominant of 47.16% and frequent species of 48.96%, especially encountered in the Atikhisar Reservoir. The results of One-way Analysis of Similarity (ANOSIM) showed that mollusca compositions were significantly different between sampling sites (p<0.05). ANOSIM and Similarity Percentage analysis (SIMPER) revealed significant differences and a high degree of community dissimilarity within and between the sampling stations. The relationship between the dynamics of organisms and environmental parameters were analyzed using Canonical Correspondence Analysis. This study pointed out that water quality parameters especially COD, BOD, Anionic Detergent, salinity, TP, TN, temperature were effective on the abundance and distribution of Mollusca fauna.
New records of freshwater snails from Turkey are presented. Two species new for science Bithynia yildirimi and Gyraulus nedyalkovi are described. In addition the junior author collected Gyraulus argaeicus from its type locality, so the anatomy of this species is provided for the first time. Furthermore, nezu record of Anisus leucostoma, confirmed by the study on its anatomy, is given.
In Greece we found one new species of the genus Pseudorientalia, and two new species from Turkey of the genus groups Torosia n. gen., and Pseudamnicola. We compared these species with the known species from Greece and Turkey and we found that all three species are new. The new species are described here as Pseudorientalia tzekovi n. sp., Pseudamnicola vinarskii n. sp. and Torosia proschwitzi n. gen. n. sp. In addition, D. Georgiev collected in Greece Bythinella charpentieri cabirius Reischütz 1988. Because Reischütz did not depict the anatomy of the species (Reischütz 1988), we provide herewith the morphology of the penis for the first time.
From Bulgaria only Bithynia tentaculata and B. leachii are known (ANGELOV 2000). New samples of Bithynia species from the Bulgarian part of the Danube revealed a new species, B. danubialis. It has been compared with the Bithynia species of the surrounding countries. Be-cause the southernmost records of B. leachii are known from Hungary we suppose that the findings, mentioned by ANGELOV (2000), are possibly distinct from B. leachii.
Graecoanatolica Radoman, 1973 is a remarkable genus of Hydrobiidae, recognized with its disjunct distribution between Macedonia, Greece (Thessaly), and Turkey (Lakes Region). However, the current distribution of the genus is restricted to Turkey, as the 2 Balkan species have been declared extinct. In this study, a taxonomic revision of the Graecoanatolica species in Turkey is presented. Among 6 previously recognized species, G. conica Radoman, 1973 and G. brevis Radoman, 1973 from the provinces of Denizli and Burdur are determined to be extinct. G. anatolica (Schutt, 1965) comb. nov. is transferred to the genus and G. dinarica sp. nov. is described as new. Morphological, anatomical, and distributional information about all species distributed in Turkey is given, and an identification key to the species is provided. In the light of the paleogeographical and zoogeographical data available, determining factors of the distribution of the genus are discussed and notes on the ecology of the extant species are presented.
The complex evolutionary history of the Eurasian gastropod lineage Theodoxus reflects the evolution of marine basins following the breakup of the Tethys Sea. Today, this clade inhabits the lakes, rivers, streams, and estuaries of Europe, southwestern Asia, and North Africa. Here we present the first phylogenetic hypothesis for this clade. Based upon extensive geographic and taxonomic sampling, portions of the mitochondrial genes for cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA were sequenced and analysed using maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony methods. Results from bootstrap analyses, Bayesian analysis, and sensitivity analyses lend support to six deep phylogenetic subdivisions within Theodoxus. These major clades are geographically associated with the major post-Tethyan marine basins. Estimates of divergence times using a penalized likelihood approach indicate that divergence of these major lineages occurred during the Miocene, simultaneous with the breakup of the Mediterranean and Paratethys Seas. The resulting major subclades later diversified during the Pliocene, primarily within geographic regions associated with the eastern and western Mediterranean Sea, the Pannonian Basin, and the Black Sea, thus producing the extant species assemblages. Finally, these phylogenetic results imply that much of the current taxonomy is flawed, therefore we offer recommendations for revising the classification of Theodoxus species based on phylogenetic systematics.
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