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Introduction and history
... Lupin grows well in acidic and sandy soils, as for example those found in Western Australia (French et al., 2008). The lupin plant has been used as green manure or forage and as organic material for soil enrichment and stabilization and erosion control (Cowling et al., 1998). ...
... The lupin plant has been used as green manure or forage and as organic material for soil enrichment and stabilization and erosion control (Cowling et al., 1998). Due to its nitrogen fixation ability lupin is a critical rotation crop for the sustainability of some farming system, such as wheat and other cereals in Australia and Europe (French et al., 2008; GL-PRO, 2005). ...
Lupin is an undervalued legume despite its high protein and dietary fiber content and potential health benefits. This review focuses on the nutritional value, health benefits and technological effects of incorporating lupin flour into wheat-based bread. Results of clinical studies suggest that consuming lupin compared to wheat bread and other baked products reduce chronic disease risk markers; possibly due to increased protein and dietary fiber and bioactive compounds. However, lupin protein allergy has also been recorded. Bread quality has been improved when 10% lupin flour is substituted for refined wheat flour; possibly due to lupin-wheat protein cross-linking assisting bread volume and the high water binding capacity (WBC) of lupin fiber delaying staling. Above 10% substitution appears to reduce bread quality due to lupin proteins low-elasticity and the high WBC of its dietary fiber interrupting gluten network development. Gaps in understanding of the role of lupin flour in bread quality include the optimal formulation and processing conditions to maximize lupin incorporation, role of protein cross-linking, anti-staling functionality and stability, and bioactivity of γ- conglutin peptide.
... ASL kernel flour is pale yellow in colour with a slight beany flavour and its addition to refined wheat bread reduces the bread's glycaemic index (Hall, Thomas, & Johnson, 2005). Currently some major varieties of ASL grown in Australia are Tanjil, Mandelup, Coromup, Jenabillup, Belara and Gungurru (French, Shea, & Buirchell, 2008). ...
a b s t r a c t Physical characteristics of Australian sweet lupin (ASL) flours and breads made using ASL (20 g/100 g)-refined wheat (80 g/100 g) composite flours of ASL varieties Belara, Coromup, Gungurru, Jenabillup, Mandelup and Tanjil were evaluated and compared to wheat-only flour and bread. There was a significant (p < 0.05) effect of ASL variety on flour particle size distribution and surface area. Moisture loss, bread specific volume, crumb characteristics and texture properties of ASL-wheat breads were also significantly (p < 0.05) affected by ASL variety. Of the ASL varieties, Mandelup-wheat bread had the lowest (p < 0.05) moisture loss, bread volume, and height; most dense pore appearance and higher number of smaller cells; hardest, chewiest and least springy instrumental texture. Tanjil-wheat bread had the highest bread volume and was comparable with other ASL-wheat breads in terms of moisture loss, crumb cell and texture characteristics. Results suggest that ASL varieties Belara, Coromup, Gungurru, Jenabillup and Tanjil can be incorporated into wheat flour for bread manufacturing with desirable bread volume, crumb cell and texture attributes.
Wild lupine consumption has restrictions due to the presence of alkaloids; however, these components can be reduced with a suitable thermal treatment. The aim of this research was to determine the thermal effect on chemical composition and minerals of wild lupine. Lupinus mexicanus had a reduction in protein and fat contents of 34.76 to 33.11 and 6.10 to 5.41 g/100 g of sample respectively, and an increase in ash and dietary fiber of 3.84 to 4.53 g/100 g and 20.9 to 28.48 g/100 g respectively. L. mexicanus raw seeds revealed the highest Ca content (3,252 mg/kg), L. elegans was the highest in Mg with 2,656 mg/kg. Highest Fe content was found in Lupinus rotundiflorus (82.8 mg/kg), and Lupinus exaltatus in Cu (184.4 mg/kg). All species showed similar Zn content of 73.3 mg/kg (Lupinus montanus) to 89.6 mg/kg (L. exaltatus). In all species the Cu content decreased, mainly in Lupinus elegans with a loss of 76,71 %.
Wild lupine consumption has restrictions due to the presence
of alkaloids; however, these components can be reduced with a
suitable thermal treatment. The aim of this research was to determine
the thermal effect on chemical composition and minerals
of wild lupine. Lupinus mexicanus had a reduction in protein
and fat contents of 34.76 to 33.11 and 6.10 to 5.41 g/100 g of
sample respectively, and an increase in ash and dietary fi ber of
3.84 to 4.53 g/100g and 20.9 to 28.48 g/100 g respectively. L.
mexicanus raw seeds revealed the highest Ca content (3,252 mg/
kg), L. elegans was the highest in Mg with 2,656 mg/kg. Highest
Fe content was found in Lupinus rotundifl orus (82.8 mg/kg), and
Lupinus exaltatus in Cu (184.4 mg/kg). All species showed similar
Zn content of 73.3 mg/kg (Lupinus montanus) to 89.6 mg/kg (L.
exaltatus). In all species the Cu content decreased, mainly in
Lupinus elegans with a loss of 76,71 %.
Black pod syndrome (BPS) causes devastating losses in Lupinus angustifolius (narrow-leafed lupin) crops in Australia, and infection with Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) was suggested as a possible cause. In 2011, an end-of-growing-season survey in which L. angustifolius plants with BPS were collected from six locations in southwestern Australia was done. Tissue samples from different positions on each of these symptomatic plants were tested for BYMV and generic potyvirus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Detection was most reliable when RT-PCR with generic potyvirus primers was used on tissue taken from the main stem of the plant just below the black pods. Partial coat protein nucleotide sequences from eight isolates from BPS-symptomatic L. angustifolius plants all belonged to the BYMV general phylogenetic group. An initial glasshouse experiment revealed that mechanical inoculation of L. angustifolius plants with BYMV after pods had formed caused pods to turn black. This did not occur when the plants were inoculated before this growth stage (at first flowering) because BYMV infection caused plant death. A subsequent experiment in which plants were inoculated at eight different growth stages confirmed that BPS was only induced when L. angustifolius plants were inoculated after first flowering, when pods had formed. Thus, BYMV was isolated from symptomatic L. angustifolius survey samples, inoculated to and maintained in culture hosts, inoculated to healthy L. angustifolius test plants inducing BPS, and then successfully reisolated from them. As such, Koch's postulates were fulfilled for the hypothesis that late infection with BYMV causes BPS in L. angustifolius plants.
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