Article

Women, Crime and Justice in England since 1660 by Shani D’Cruze and Louise A. Jackson

August 2010
Gender & History 22(2):484-485

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0424.2010.01602_14.x

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ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.

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Income Disparities of Burglary Risk: Security Availability during the Crime Drop

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In the past 15 years, volume crimes dropped substantially in most countries with reliable crime-trend estimates. In England and Wales, domestic burglary fell by 58 per cent between 1995 and 2008/09, the trend levelling off after 2005/06. Wider use of more and better security arguably contributed to these drops. The availability of enhanced and especially basic security increased between 1997 and ... [Show full abstract] 2005/06, while burglary risk fell for all population income groups. Considering, however, the financial cost of burglary-protection devices, it is not surprising that enhanced security continues to be more accessible to better-off households. In 2005/06, the most affluent households were 60 per cent more likely to have such devices compared to the poorest. This is consistent with the finding that nationally burglary drops have occurred least amongst the poorest segments of the population. The better-off continue to benefit most in terms of crime protection: burglary-risk differentials between the lowest and all other income groups widened during the decade up to 2005/06. Security Impact Assessment Tool analysis, however, shows that enhanced security confers greatest burglary protection for those who can least afford it. These results suggest that making enhanced security available to the poorest would further reduce national burglary rates.

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Accurately measuring the prevalence of sexual violence is difficult. Police-recorded crime figures are known to underestimate the true extent of sexual violence, and so researchers have tended to rely on survey estimates instead. But estimates from surveys are not uniform, with recent estimates from the UK National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles apparently twice as large as official ... [Show full abstract] figures from the major crime surveys (the Crime Survey for England and Wales and the Scottish Crime and Justice Survey). In this study we use harmonized data from these three surveys and the UK component of the EU Violence Against Women Survey to explore the features of the surveys that may have contributed to these differences.

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Convict Maids: The Forced Migration of Women to Australia

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1. Elizabeth: a note on data and method 2. Mercury's charges: the crimes of convict women 3. Piso's justice: Irish and English offenders 4. Economic accoutrements: the skills of convict women 5. Ireland's distant shores: working life in Ireland 6. England's castaways: working life in England 7. Colonial requirements: coerced and free immigrants 8. Misconceptions 9. Britain's loss/Australia's ... [Show full abstract] gain? Concluding remarks.

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England and Wales have some of the highest incarceration rates in the developed world. Recent policy reforms have focused on developing alternatives to custody that offer credible protection for the public, and justice for victims of crime. This paper uses unique detailed panel-level data acquired from the Ministry of Justice for all Police Force Areas from 2002 to 2013 in England and Wales to ... [Show full abstract] analyse the effects of custodial and non-custodial sentences on recorded crime. Our results suggest that non-custodial sentences can be an effective alternative to custody at reducing property crime but their effect is less consistent for violent crime. This suggests that non-custodial sentences are credible, cost-effective substitutes to incarceration.

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This article uses data from the Offending Crime and Justice Survey, a representative survey of young people in England and Wales, to estimate the factors that affect the likelihood of police-initiated contacts. Although official data clearly show that members of ethnic minorities are disproportionally approached by the police in their use of powers to stop and search, we have only a partial ... [Show full abstract] understanding of the relevance of ethnicity net of other factors. Our findings suggest that even when we control for other sociodemographic factors, self-reported illegal behaviour, area characteristics and degree of street presence, ethnicity still matters. Our findings also support previous research suggesting that the police focus their gaze at a population of the ‘usual suspects’.

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Books reviewed: J. Ashton and I. Ferguson, Cover-up of Convenience P. Foot, Lockerbie, the Flight from Justice K. Stenson and R. R. Sullivan (Eds.), Crime, Risk and Justice: The Politics of Crime Control in Liberal Democracies A. Ballinger, Dead Women Walking: Executed Women in England and Wales 1900-1955 I. O'Donnell and E. O'Sullivan, Crime Control in Ireland: The Politics of Intolerance T. ... [Show full abstract] O'Neill, Children in Secure Accommodation: A Gendered Exploration of Locked Institutional Care for Children in Trouble G. Farrell and K. Pease (Eds.), Repeat Victimization

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Over three decades crime counts in England and Wales, as throughout the Western world, have fallen. Less attention has been paid to the distribution of crime across households, though this is crucial in determining optimal distribution of limited policing resources in pursuing the aim of distributive justice. The writers have previously demonstrated that in England and Wales the distribution of ... [Show full abstract] crime victimisation has remained pretty much unchanged over the period of the crime drop. The present paper seeks to extend the study of changes in the distribution of victimisation over time using data from 25 countries contributing data to the International Crime Victimisation Survey (ICVS) sweeps (1989–2000). While fragmentary, the data mirror the trends discerned in England and Wales. The trends are not an artefact of the inclusion of particular countries in particular sweeps. The demographic, economical, geographical and social household characteristics associated with victimisation are consistent across time. The suggested policy implication is the need for greater emphasis on preventing multiple victimisation.

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Offending in England and Wales: First Results from the 2003 Crime and Justice Survey

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This study examined the change in the prevalence of adolescent poly-victimization and individual and area predictors of poly-victimization in England and Wales. The national representative longitudinal Offending, Crime and Justice Survey (2003–2006) was analyzed with data from 2,066 adolescents, aged between 10 and 18 years (mean ± SD at Time 1 = 13.08 ± 2.01), using multilevel multinomial logit ... [Show full abstract] models. Findings revealed that the majority of the adolescents (41.6%, 48.5%, 54.6%, 61.6%, respectively) did not experience victimization between 2003 and 2006. However, 28.3%, 25.9%, 19.5%, and 14.5% of the adolescents experienced poly-victimization (experiencing more than or equal to two types of victimizations), with a decrease of 13.8% over the 4-year period. Furthermore, some adolescents were consistent poly-victims, meaning they were poly-victims in all years that they participated in the survey. In particular, 3.57% of the adolescents who participated in the four waves of the survey were poly-victims in all years; 7.41% of the adolescents who participated in three of the four waves of the survey were poly-victims in all years; and 25.79% of the adolescents who participated in two of the four waves of the survey were poly-victims in both years. Statistically significant predictors of poly-victimization included having parents who have been in trouble with the police, offending, participating in community-related activities, being a boy, not managing income well, and living in an urban or deprived area. Offending had the greatest impact on poly-victimization. Findings highlight that adolescent poly-victimization in England and Wales decreased between 2003 and 2006 but some adolescents were more likely to experience poly-victimization due to individual, familial, and area characteristics. The findings therefore indicate that a holistic approach is needed to reduce adolescent poly-victimization and suggest that targeting area deprivation should be the priority.

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Last Updated: 22 Oct 2024

Women, Crime and Justice in England since 1660 by Shani D’Cruze and Louise A. Jackson

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