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Study on the technology and method of 3d geological modeling: A case study of the east kunlun orogenic belt
... In 1994, Simon W Houlding from Canada proposed a method of computer assisted 3D geological modeling. This method introduced 3D modeling technology into the expression of geology research results, so the 3D geological modeling technology was widely used [2]. In traditional geological work, geological researches and results are showed by 2D maps such as well sections, geologic profiles and plans. ...
... The difficulties of 3D geological body modeling technology focus on how discrete geological data can be used to accurately rebuild complex geological structures [5]. At present 3D geological modeling has gradually formed two modeling methods respectively based on facial model and volumetric model [2][9]. Modeling methods based on facial model generates surface models by selecting a 3D space interpolation to interpolate 3D sampling points. ...
3D modeling technique has become a favorable tool for people to observe and analyze the world, and has been used widely in various trades. Geological body enrich mineral resources, and the spatial shape and petrophysical distributions of geological body are controlled by geological conditions. So 3D geological modeling under the control of complex geological conditions becomes the research emphasis. This article analyzes the uncertainty, complexity and diversity of geological body, and lists complex geological conditions controlling spatial shape and petrophysical distributions of geological body. And then 3D geological modeling method under the control of complex geological conditions is proposed, and corresponding modeling workflow is set up. Finally, taking 3D geological modeling of petroleum exploration and development for example, 3D geological model of Yulou oil formation, Jin-16 block, Liaohe oil-field, is built and some applications like D visualization of geological body are realized.
3D visualization of geological and geophysical data has been continuously developed in recent decades for better prediction and simulation of subsurface systems. 3D modeling has gained attention from interpreters as well as decisions makers in the energy sector. The integration of 3D structural, facies, petrophysical, and geomechanical models can be used to obtain more reliable estimates of gas in place in the conventional and unconventional gas reservoirs. As well, 3D geomechanical model can be used to expose the root cause of drilling difficulties in gas reservoir and development of gas reservoirs. This chapter seeks to introduce the workflow and 3D modeling procedures in gas reservoirs. It provides a case study of 3D structural, facies, petrophysical, and geomechanical modeling in a gas reservoir from the southern central, Gulf of Suez, Egypt.
Banner headline Three-dimensional modeling and visualization of subsurface gas reservoirs is a critical industry practice, and its significance originates from its theoretical and application value in exploration, development, and production. When modeling the subsurface system in both conventional and unconventional resources, it is critical to take into account a large number of datasets. The more data entered into the model, the better the model's accuracy. The heterogeneity of the data, the time required for data handling, numerical storage and accessibility, and the reliability of geological information assessments could all be sources of uncertainty that impact the 3D modeling process, posing modeling challenges. Such 3D modeling challenges can be overcome with more integrated data, precise calibration, and core measurements, resulting in more precise models.
Three-dimensional geological mapping is a pioneering job in frontiers without much experience. It is far more challenging to work out three-dimensional geological structure in a square area with certain scale for complex orogenic and metallogenic belts, where geophysical and drilling data are relatively limited. In this paper, we put forward a framework of the three-dimensional geological mapping and visualization for bedrocks of orogenic belts based on our three-dimensional geological mapping practice in the northwest Karamay, western Junggar. We emphasize that the basic data involved in visual modeling for a certain square area and scale are primarily based on the network of systematic surface geological sections and then the extension for the deep geological bodies which are based on geological-geophysical-drilling united constraints. With the combination of surface geological sections and geophysical/drilling data, three-climension geological texture from surface to certain depths at a certain confidence level can be traced. That is to say that three-dimensional numerical models of geological structures can be constructed by utilizing the rich data of classical “surface regional geological mapping” with the combination of geophysical/drilling data.
3D modeling method is divided into geospatial modeling and 3D geological modeling. 3D geological modeling technique has become a favorable tool for people to observe and analyze the geological body enriched in mineral resources. Unlike geospatial modeling, 3D geological modeling must consider various geological conditions affecting spatial shape and petrophysical distribution of geological body for its complexity. This article analyzes the uncertainty, complexity and diversity of geological body, and lists complex geological conditions controlling spatial shape and petrophysical distributions of geological body. And then 3D geological modeling method under the control of complex geological conditions is proposed, and corresponding modeling workflow is set up. Finally, taking 3D geological modeling of petroleum exploration and development for example, 3D geological model of Shu II district in the Liaohe oil-field is built. Based on this model, some applications are realized, such as 3D visualization of structural model and petrophysical model, reserves calculation and drilling design, etc.
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