No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
An integrated checklist of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
... The newly formed genus is characterized by having simple or angular leaves, with a pair of auricles at the base of petiole; corolla with a tuft of hairs at the apex of the midpetaline bands; anthers longitudinally dehiscing, pollens hexazonocolpate and fruit a chartaceous four-valved capsule. Hallier and Ooststroom [7] The species is previously reported from Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India [6,8]. ...
... According to Biju [3] in the mainland of India only white flowered populations i.e., Camonea pilosa is recorded. At present the genus Camonea is represented by five species in the world and distributed in tropical Asia and tropical America and Africa [9] while in India it is represented by three species viz., C. kingii (Prain) Simose & Staples; C. pilosa (Houttuyn) Simose & Staples and C. umbellata (L.) Simose & Staples is present in Andaman Island only.While revising the tribe Merremieae for India, few specimens of genus Camonea were collected from Bhandara district of Maharashtra state, after critical studies and consultation of relevant literature[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. In present communication it is reported first time for mainland of India from Bhandara district of Maharashtra state. ...
Camonea umbellata (Convolvulaceae) previously known as Merremia umbellata ssp. umbellata which is occurs in America from Mexico to Paraguay in the West Indies and tropical East Africa. In India it was previously reported from Andaman Islands. The species is distinct from other species of the genus in having more robust habit, larger leaves, longer peduncle, larger flowers and number is also more, corolla always yellow and capsule is subglobose instead of ovoid to conical with seeds villous and slightly longer hairs only at margin.
... Vegetation of the ANI has been recorded by various workers (Singh et al. 2014, 2020a, b, 2021a, b, Naik et al. 2020, Singh & Misra 2020, Singh & Ranjan 2021. The Islands are well known for the tropical lowland rainforests with rare and unique flora that evolved through millions of years due to the physical isolation between the Islands and also from the neighboring continental landmasses (Oldham 1885, Pandey & Diwakar 2008, Singh et al. 2014, 2021b. ANIs are a phytogeographically important group of 572 Islands, constitute one of the hotspots of biodiversity. ...
... ANIs are a phytogeographically important group of 572 Islands, constitute one of the hotspots of biodiversity. The plant diversity of Andaman group of islands exhibits general affinities towards the taxa of South East Asia and mainland India while those of the Nicobar Islands towards the taxa of Malaysia (Wallich 1850, Kurz 1870,1876, Balakrishnan 1989, Pandey & Diwakar 2008, Singh et al. (2014, 2021a. The Andaman group of Islands is separated from Nicobar group of Islands by 10º channel, a wide gap of 160 km with heavy tidal flows, making sea difficult for transportation. ...
In the present study, palynological properties of 41 taxa, collected from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, are
presented for the first time. These taxa, belonging to 39 genera and 26 families, are native of these islands. The pollen
grains exhibit wide range of variation in size, shape, symmetry, aperture and ornamentation. These have diversity in
shapes, viz. spheroidal, peroblate, oblate, prolate-spheroidal, prolate, subprolate and perprolate and sizes are in the
range P: 10–78 μm in polar axis and E: 10–78 μm in equatorial axis. Sixteen pollen taxa have radial symmetry and
remaining twenty-five pollen taxa have bilateral symmetry. The amb varies from circular to elliptic and triangular. The
monosulcate condition was recorded in Annonaceae, Icacinaceae, Musaceae, Orchidaceae and Poaceae. Out of 4
species having triporate pollen, three species (Cleistanthus andamanicus, Canthium gracilipes and Pseudodiplospora
andamanica) exhibit reticulate exine ornamentation whereas Carissa andamanensis pollen are psilate. Nine families
were identified as having tricolporate pollen. These are Anacardiaceae, Araliaceae, Clusiaceae, Fabaceae, Lythraceae,
Orchidaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae and Sapotaceae. Glochidion calocarpum and Hiptagetho thathri were recorded as
pantoporate. Hexacolporate pollen were found in Strobilanthus glandulosus. Inaperturate pollen were recorded in
Myristica andamanica and Maesa andamanica. Among all the recorded apertural characters, striacolporate pollen
taxa show predominance. Psilate pollen are dominantly recorded. This study furnished palynological data of endemic
species contributing to future palynotaxonomic and evolutionary studies.
... Subsequently it's confirmed as Richardia scabra L., commonly known as Rough Mexican Clover. Based on the available literature (Lewis and Oliver 1974;Lakshminarasimhan and Rao 1996;Hajra et al., 1999;Shina, 1999;Pandey and Diwakar 2008;Prasad et al., 2009;Panday et al. 2020;Das and Sivaperuman 2023) the genus is unknown for Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which is reported here. A thorough taxonomic description, phenology, distribution and color photographs are provided for its easy identification. ...
The flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands is flourished with variety of species; a lot of species are still unknown from these islands. We are reporting Richardia scabra L. which is a small flowering plant (Angiosperm) belongs to family Rubiaceae, this genus till now unknown from these islands. From the Great Nicobar Island we collected this specimen and it represents the first record of this genus in Andaman and Nicobar Islands. A brief taxonomic description, color photographs and distribution map are provided.
... Recently, some interesting specimen of Eragrostis has been collected from the plains of South Andaman. On critical examination with the literature (Bor, 1960;Karthikeyan et al., 1989;Sreekumar & Nair, 1991;Moulik, 1997;Pandey & Diwakar, 2008;Kabeer & Nair, 2009;Singh et al., 2014;Murugan et al., 2016), it has been identified as E. cumingii Steud., hitherto not recorded in the flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. This species is native to Taiwan, presently spread in temperate and tropical Asia, Australasia and North America. ...
The recent record of Eragrostis cumingii Steud. from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in addition to its earlier lone authentic report from Kerala in India is discussed with its present distributional status in the country. Its correct nomenclature, description, images and morphological difference with similar species, E. zeylanica Nees & Mey. are also provided
... Makino which is found throughout India. So far, it was not reported in the flora of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Pandey & Diwakar, 2008;Singh et al., 2014;Murugan et al., 2016). The voucher specimens of this taxon were deposited at PBL. ...
Arthraxon hispidus, collected from the evergreen forest of North Andaman, is documented as a new addition to the grass flora of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The voucher specimen has been deposited at PBL
... ex DC. present in Andaman and Nicobar Islands. U.crinita has not been reported so far in the flora of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Parkinson, 1923;Hajra etal., 1999;Sinha, 1999;Pandey & Diwakar, 2008;Naik & Rao, 2016;Murugan et al., 2016). The voucher specimen of the species was deposited at PBL. ...
... Furcraea foetida merupakan tanaman evergreen berbentuk semak mirip dan termasuk keluarga nanas, memiliki daun yang berwarna hijau muda dan hijau. Daunnya berbentuk pedang, Panjang 1-2 m dan lebar 10-15 cm pada titik terlebarnya, menyempit hingga lebar 6-7 cm di pangkal daun, dan ujung duru tajam di puncak, pinggiran daunnya utuh atau dengan beberapa duri bengkok (Pandey, 2008). Tanaman kamboja memiliki ukuran sekitar 3-7 m, dan memilki getah putih. ...
AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bentuk daun dari berbagai spesies tumbuhan yang ada di Taman Olahraga Silampari Lubuklinggau. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan ialah metode jelajah, dengan melakukan pendataan tumbuhan serta mengamati morfologi dan deskripsi tumbuhan tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian identifikasi bentuk daun dari berbagai spesies tumbuhan yang ada di Taman Olahraga Silampari (TOS) terdapat 13 macam bentuk daun dari 30 spesies, yaitu daun berbentuk jorong, pedang, jantung, lanset, hati, menyirip, bulat, bulat telur, menjari, memanjang, lonjong, bulat memanjang, dan jarum.Kata kunci: Identifikasi, Bentuk Daun, Taman Olahraga Silampari.AbstractThis study aims to identify the leaf shape of various plant species in the Silampari Lubuklinggau Sports Park. The research methodology used is the roaming method, by collecting plant data and observing the morphology and description of the plant. Based on the results of the research on the identification of leaf shapes from various plant species in TOS, there are 13 kinds of leaf shapes from 30 species, namely oblong leaves, sword, heart, lanceolate, heart, pinnate, round, ovoid, fingered, elongated, oval, round. lengthwise, and needle.Keywords: Identification, Leaf Shape, Silampari Sports Park.
... ANI are a group of 572 Islands and islets and well recognized centre of hot spots of bio diversity with higher number of endemism Singh 2021Singh , 2023Sivaramakrishna et al., 2021) where the family Fabaceae has received little attention from tax onomists. Although Legumes of ANI are recorded time to time by various authors (Vasudeva Rao., 1986;Sanjappa, 1992;Lakshminarasimhan & Rao., 1996;Hajra et al., 1999;Pandey & Diwakar, 2008;Murugan et al.,2016;, Sanjappa, 2020. Recent floristic explorations have resulted in discoveries of novelties in legumes (Saleem et al., 2023a, b). ...
The present study aimed to estimate the length-weight relationship (LWR) and condition factor for three freshwater fish species: Puntius vittatus Day, 1865, Aplocheilus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1846), and Pseudosphromenus cupanus (Cuvier, 1831) which had not been previously documented in FishBase. The study was conducted by collecting of fish specimens weekly from the tributaries of Pechiparai reservoir located in Kanyakumari District of Tamil Nadu, India, between January 2021 to January 2022. The results indicated that the estimated mean allometric coefficient values (b value) ranged from 2.51 to 2.74, while the mean intercept values (a value) ranged from 0.016 to 0.019. Additionally, the mean condition factor (K) ranged from 0.9 to 1.61. It was observed that the b values for all three freshwater fish species were below 3, indicating negative allometric growth. However, these values fell within the recommended range of 2.5-3.5 for healthy fish. Furthermore, K values ranged from 0.9 to 1.61, which also fell within the recommended range for healthy fish. The findings of this study provide valuable information on the basic biology of these fish species, which can contribute to the conservation and management of fishery resources in the Southern Indian regions of Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India.
... ex Walp was reported from Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Odisha and Telangana (Bhattacharjee et al., 2013;Swamy et al., 2015). Based on the available literature (Pandey and Diwakar 2008;Shina 1999;Lakshminarasimhan and Rao 1996;Prasad et al., 2009) the genus is hitherto unknown from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which is reported here. A thorough description and color photographs are provided to assist identification in the field. ...
... On critical assessment and study of the specimen, it was confirmed as Mollugo nudicaulis Lam. Referring the literature came to know that so far this species is not reported from these Islands (Pandey & Diwakar 2008;Shina, 1999;Hajra et al., 1999;Naik & Rao 2016;Mathew, 1998). The report of this species is new addition to the flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, as well as the finding of this species from Great Nicobar Island also adding new addition of the family Molluginaceae to the flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. ...
... These family mostly having herbaceous perennial flowering plants which comprises ca. 169 species throughout the world under 10 genera namely Curculigo Gaertn., Empodium Salisb., Hypoxidia F. Reviewing of literature revealed that so far the species is not described from Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Pandey & Diwakar 2008;Shina, 1999;Hajra et al., 1999;Lakshminarasimhan & Rao 1996). This is a new addition to the flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. ...
... This species is reported from various sites in the Andaman Islands (Parkinson, 1923;Dagar et al., 1991;Debnath, 1994;Goutham-Bharathi et al., 2014;Ragavan et al., 2015) In the Andaman Islands, A. corniculatum in generally found along the creek margin, and it dominates the areas of the medium to high salinity conditions. Although, a checklist of plants in Andaman and Nicobar Islands by Pandey and Diwakar (2008) reported the distribution of this Aegiceras from the Nicobar Islands, this report was not substantiated with any evidence (i.e. herbarium specimen, information of distribution localities, ecology, etc.). ...
... Ag ions and Ag-based compounds have strong biocidal effects on microorganisms and AgNPs have potential for the detection and treatment of cancer and drug delivery [9][10][11]. They are also used in molecular diagnostics and photonic devices due to their optical properties and in antimicrobial coatings on textiles and healthcare devices [12]. Moreover, phytoconstituents are valuable and encouraging candidates for synthesizing green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) which possess great potential for infectious diseases. ...
... patula) in Andaman and Nicobar Islands. On scrutiny of the relevant literature, (Parkinson 1923;Sinha, 1999;Pandey & Diwakar, 2008;Naik & al., 2014;2015;Naik & Rao, 2016a;2016b;Murugan & al., 2016;Naik & Singh, 2018a;2018b) and critical examination, the identity of plants were confirmed as Vernonia revoluta Buch.-Ham., an unreported species from Andaman & Nicobar Islands but known from mainland India. Hence, this species is reported here as an addition to Angiospermic flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. ...
Vernonia revoluta Buch.-Ham. is reported here addition to the flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Detailed description, images and relevant notes are provided. Â
... It is extremely widespread and encompasses a wide range of morphological variation (Murdock 2008b). The account by Fraser-Jenkins et al. (2017) records restricted distribution to the eastern part of the country (Assam & Arunachal Pradesh) in India In addition to Pachmarhi Hills, earlier the population of Angiopteris in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ANIs) was also recognized as A. evecta (Dixit & Sinha 2001;Pandey & Diwakar 2008;Singh et al. , 2021b. ANI's is one of the hotspots of biodiversity with 572 Islands (N 6°45' to 13°41' and E 92°12' to 93°37') and floristically very rich phyto-geographical region in the country with higher number of endemism (Singh et al. , 2021aSingh & Misra 2020;Singh & Ranjan 2021) where recent plant exploration in this region revealed discoveries of novelties in pteridophytic flora (Kholia et al 2016;Singh et al. 2016a,b,c) and other plant groups (Singh et al. , 2021aSingh 2017aSingh , b, 2021Singh , 2023Naik et al. 2020Naik et al. , 2023Singh & Misra 2020;Sivaramakrishna 2021). ...
The paper describes for the first time the morpho-anatomical diversity of Angiopteris crassipes Wall. ex C. Presl from India. Morpho-anatomical characters such as hairs, scales epidermal features of pinnae (number of silica containing cells and arrangement of stomata), internal building of rhizome, root and petiole would be beneficial in taxaonomic identification up to species level. In accordance to the IUCN (2019), most of the taxa of the genus Angiopteris are considered endangered worldwide. During the floristic survey authors found that natural population of Indian Angiopteris are under severe threat of anthropogenic pressure which need urgent attention for conservation.
... In India, the genus is among the least studied member of Rubiaceae, mainly because of its small size. Altogether, twelve (12) species so far have been recorded from various parts of India, with maximum species diversity confined to Western Ghats and parts of Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Pandey and Diwakar 2008;Balan et al. 2021). From Northeast India, three (3) species have been described, viz A. khasianum C.B.Clarke in Hooker (1880: 43), A. sarmentosum Wall. in Roxburgh (1824:324) and A. verticillatum Wall. in Roxburgh (1824: 325). ...
A new species, Argostemma kamjongense (Rubiaceae) confined to Kamjong District of Manipur (Northeast India) is described and illustrated. It is akin to closely allied species, A. verticillatum and A. sarmentosum, however can be easily distinguish-able by the number of lateral veins on the leaves, size of the leaves, fewer number of bracts, slightly reflexed corolla lobes at maturity, style not exserted and enclosed within anther cone. The taxon's potential as a good ecological indicator is discussed along with its ecological adaptations for survival. The new species is also provisionally assessed here as Critically Endangered (CR) according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.
... Many of these plant species are used for bioenergy purposes, water treatment, and agriculture and are even considered carotene-rich food in Taiwan, Java, and Vietnam. Table 20.2 describes evolutionarily close species to P. crassipes, namely P. elata, which is mostly found in regions of Southeast Asia and is locally called Pickerelweed, P. korsakowaii found in Eastern Europe, East, and South Asia, locally known as Japanese water hollyhock, or P. hastata found in South, East and Southeast Asia, locally known as arrow pondweed, among other near species which have distinct morphological features, like leaf shape/color, flower color/position and root structure (Ahmed, 2008;Ayanda et al., 2020;Govaerts et al., 2021;Hopper et al., 2019;Kaufman, 2022;Martínez Jiménez & Gómez Balandra, 2007;Pandey & Diwakar, 2008;Pellegrini et al., 2018;Sierra-Carmona et al., 2022;Vélez-Gavilán, 2022). ...
... This study is an outcome of field surveys conducted during 2015-2019 along with the comprehensive investigation on the specimens deposited in PBL, additional live collections and scrutiny of relevant literatures (Wallich, 1850;Kurz, 1870Kurz, , 1876Parkinson, 1923;Balakrishnan, 1989;Hajra, Rao & Mudgal, 1999;Sinha, 1999;Dixit & Sinha, 2001;Pandey & Diwakar, 2008;Singh, Murugan & Singh, 2014, Singh et al., 2020a,b, 2021aMurugan et al., 2016;Vivek, Singh & Ekka, 2016;Naik, Singh & Ganeshaiah, 2020;Singh & Ranjan, 2021). ...
The invasive alien species of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India have been presented in the paper. A total of 74 species under 58 genera of 29 families have been described in brief.
... Gregarious population of the species was collected subsequently from Kaushalya Nnagar in Middle Andaman. It was confirmed after the scrutiny of literature (Pandey & Diwakar, 2008;Singh et. al., 2014Singh et. ...
A new distributional record of Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine (Acanthaceae), from the Andaman Islands is described based on the collection from Kulsy areas of Middle Andaman Island. Its nomenclature, description, images and other relevant details have been provided.
... On critical study and detailed examination these specimens are identified as Pogostemon paniculatus and Premna tomentosa. Consultation of literature (Parkinson, 1923;Pandey & Diwakar 2008) reveals that these two species are not reported yet from Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Therefore, the present finding constitutes new distributional records for Andaman and Nicobar Islands. ...
... This specimen was annotated as S. maculata Roxburgh in 1975 by Panighrahi from the Botanical Survey of India. A perusal of literature and herbarium survey has revealed that S. maculata has not been reported from Andaman-Nicobar Islands (Lakshminarasimhan & Rao, 1996;Mathew, 1998;Pandey, & Diwakar, 2008;VasudevaRao, 1986), and no literature or any other valid documentation are available showing S. andamanensis is a synonym of S. maculata (Lakshminarashimhan et. al. 2011). ...
The type collection of Sonerila andamanensis Stapf & King in King (1900) mentioned in the protologue (King’s collector 48) from the Mt. Harriet Hills of South Andaman Island is presently not traceable at CAL and K. However, another specimen of this species collected from the Andaman Islands in 1884 also by King’s collector is deposited at Kew with the barcode accession no K000867666. This specimen was annotated as S. maculata Roxburgh in 1975 by Panighrahi from the Botanical Survey of India. A perusal of literature and herbarium survey has revealed that S. maculata has not been reported from Andaman–Nicobar Islands, and no literature or any other valid documentation are available showing S. andamanensis is a synonym of S. maculata.
... f. Based on the available literature (Lakshminarasimhan and Rao 1996, Shina 1999, Pandey and Diwakar 2008, Prasad et al. 2009, Darwin 2010, Chen et al. 2015, Wong et al. 2019) this angiosperm species is unknown for India, which is reported here. A thorough description and color photographs are provided for effortless identification. ...
Timonius finlaysonianus (Wall. ex G. Don) Hook. f., is a flowering plant belonging to the family Rubiaceae, is reported from Andaman and Nicobar Islands as a new addition to the flora of India. Species native range is west and central Malaysia, now we have collected from Teressa Island of Nicobar group. A brief description, photographs, distribution map are provided with ecological notes.
... On scrutiny of the relevant literature (Parkinson, 1923;Hajra et. al., 1999;Sinha, 1999;Pandey & Diwakar, 2008;Naik et. al., 2014Naik, Rao & Kumar, 2015;Naik & Rao, 2016 a,b,c.;Murugan ...
Spermacoce articularis Linnaeus f., commonly known as jointed buttonwood is reported as a new addition to the flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Brief descriptions, images and notes on geographical distribution are provided.
A species of the genus Euphorbia- E. bifida Hook. and Arn. (Euphorbiaceae: subgenus Chamaesyce) is reported for the first time as a new record for Indian flora from the Kamorta Island of Nicobar group of Islands with brief taxonomic description based on our collected specimens. In addition to the description, habitat ecology, details on population distribution, key to the species of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, photos of the collected specimens and the conservation status are also provided.
Crotalaria quinquefolia L. (Fabaceae) is described and illustrated as a new distributional record to the flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands based on the collection made from the coastal plain of Panchawati, Middle Andaman. These islands are thrived with variety of species; still a many are unknown from these islands. A brief taxonomic description, images, distribution map, conservation status, ethnomedicinal uses and other relevant details are provided in this paper.
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands is rich in floral diversity and high rate of endemism due to the isolations of these islands group and several floral species have yet to be reported. In this paper, we report Rhynchoglossum obliquum Blume, which is a small flowering plant (Angiosperm) belongs to family Gesneriaceae, this genus till now unknown from these islands. We recently collected this specimen from the Limestone Cave area in Nayadera Village, Baratang Island, marking the first recorded instance of this genus in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The study includes a concise taxonomic description, photographs, a distribution map, conservation status and details on its ethnomedicinal uses.
Eremochloa ciliaris (L.) Merr. (Panicoideae: Poaceae) reported from South Cinque Island of Cinque Wildlife Sanctuary, South Andaman, provide new records for the flora of India. Taxonomic description, distributional map, key for Indian species of Eremochloa Buse and photo plates have been provided for easy identification.
Islands are renowned as evolutionary laboratories and support many species that are not found elsewhere1,2. Islands are also of great conservation concern, with many of their endemic species currently threatened or extinct³. Here we present a standardized checklist of all known vascular plants that occur on islands and document their geographical and phylogenetic distribution and conservation risk. Our analyses of 304,103 plant species reveal that 94,052 species (31%) are native to islands, which constitute 5.3% of the global landmass⁴. Of these, 63,280 are island endemic species, which represent 21% of global plant diversity. Three-quarters of these are restricted to large or isolated islands. Compared with the world flora, island endemics are non-randomly distributed within the tree of life, with a total of 1,005 billion years of unique phylogenetic history with 17 families and 1,702 genera being entirely endemic to islands. Of all vascular plants assigned International Union for Conservation of Nature conservation categories⁵, 22% are island endemics. Among these endemic species, 51% are threatened, and 55% of all documented global extinctions have occurred on islands. We find that of all single-island endemic species, only 6% occur on islands meeting the United Nations 30×30 conservation target. Urgent measures including habitat restoration, invasive species removal and ex situ programmes are needed to protect the world’s island flora. Our checklist quantifies the uniqueness of island life, provides a basis for future studies of island floras, and highlights the urgent need to take actions for conserving them.
The plant genetic resources (PGR) of a country are vital for its sustainable agriculture and food security. The importance of trees has been recognized by humanity since ancient times. However, changing climate and genetic erosion are causing rapid loss of diversity indicating an urgent need to conserve and maintain genetic resources for food security. India is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world. An analysis of the status of diversity, distribution, and conservation of fruit genetic resources (FGR) in India was carried out to determine the opportunities and challenges in the management of fruit germplasm for sustainable food security. The objectives of this article include (i) tracing fruit crop diversity and distribution in India (ii) discussing the potential of wild relatives of indigenous fruit crops; (iii) reviewing conservation strategies in the Indian and global context (iv) current conservation status of fruit crops (iv) analysing constraints in germplasm conservation and utilization; (v) and proposing new ways to safeguard FGR. Methods employed include database retrieval, literature review, and communication with key informants. India is home to several fruit species of global importance including mango, banana, and some citrus, and holds approximately 148 crop wild relatives (CWR) of fruits. The first gene sanctuary of wild citrus species was established in the Garo Hills of Meghalaya and efforts are being made to also establish gene sanctuaries for Musa species and mango. Over 13,000 accessions of fruit crops are conserved in field gene banks of seven regional stations of the Indian Council for Agricultural Research- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (ICAR-NBPGR) and 10 National Active Germplasm Sites working under the National Agricultural Research System. The ICAR-NBPGR maintains some 4,000 accessions in its cryobank as seed, embryo, and embryonic axes as explants; some 800 accessions in the in vitro repository; and about 100 accessions in the in vitro base gene bank belonging to tropical, temperate, and minor fruits. By contrast to field crops, the conservation of fruit crops poses unique challenges; this is because these collections comprise only 6% of the total accessions that are maintained in ex situ collections worldwide. Basic research is needed to develop robust medium- and long-term conservation protocols for fruit crops and their wild relatives. This especially concerns challenging recalcitrant seeded species such as Artocarpus spp., Litchi chinensis, Mangifera spp., Syzygium spp., Garcinia spp., among many others. Equally important is the utilization of the conserved germplasm, which requires trait identification, linking the characterized and evaluation data to accessions, and proper documentation. The implementation of modern technologies is vital for effective exploration, data collection, conservation, and efficient database management.
Woody pepper is a perennial liana of the botanical family Piperaceae distributed in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal. This species is unique as its stem segments are used as a spice. However, the botanical identity of the species has remained debatable. Hence, this study was performed to resolve the taxonomical confusion. The DNA barcoding approach was followed; two plastid barcode markers, namely, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) gene and psbA-trnH spacer region recommended by the Consortium for the Barcode of Life were used. The findings indicated that the correct botanical identity of woody pepper is Piper pendulispicum. Literature survey of floristic records revealed that it has so far not been reported in India. Therefore, this wet tropical biome species is documented here as an addition to the flora of India. These results are expected to aid in the conservation of this unique genetic resource present in these remotely located islands of India and promote its cultivation.
Neololeba atra (Lindl.) Widjaja a bamboo species known from Indonesia, Philippines and Australia, had doubtful occurrence in wild from India. It has been collected from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which proves its presence as wild from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.
Andaman and Nicobar Islands are one of the hot spot biodiversity in terms of its flora and fauna. Due to the tropical climate, it flourishes with interesting and richest flora in this region. We are reporting Clerodendrum colebrookianum Walp., from Narcondam Island wildlife sanctuary and Clerodendrum villosum Blume, from Great Nicobar Island, these two angiosperms belong to family Lamiaceae are being reported as new additions to the flora of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Taxonomic description with image, phenology and distribution are provided.
Gomphostemma andamanensis, L.J. Singh, M.C. Naik, & G.A. Ekka sp.nov.,
is described and illustrated from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. This
new species is superficially similar to G. pedunculatum Bentham ex J.D. Hook.
and G. strobilinum Wall. ex Benth., but differs markedly by a combination of
vegetative morphological, inflorescence architectural, and floral characters. The
Onge tribe, the inhabitants of type locality use the species for ethno-medicinal
purposes. The conservation status of the species is assessed as Critically
Endangered. A key to the species of Gomphostemma from India is provided
The paper showcases the up-to-date distribution and IUCN threat status evaluation of Justicia andamanica Vasudeva Rao and Staurogyne andamanica Ramana et al. (Acanthaceae), which are strictly endemic to Saddle Peak National Park, North Andaman. Field study data reveals that both these species are classified as critically endangered as per 2001 IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.
The conservation of threatened species and the restoration of ecosystems have emerged as crucial ecological prerequisites in the context of a changing global environment. One such species of significant commercial value is the Bael tree, scientifically known as Aegle marmelos, which is native to semi-arid regions in Pakistan. However, the species faces threats in Pakistan due to overexploitation and changing land use. To support sustainable production practices and agricultural planning, it is important to investigate how climate change has affected the geographic distribution of Aegle marmelos. Additionally, the impact of climate change on its frequency and distribution remains uncertain. To address these concerns, we employed species distribution modeling techniques using MaxEnt and GIS to predict the present and future distribution of favorable habitats for Aegle marmelos. Based on our findings, several key bioclimatic variables were identified as significant influencers of Aegle marmelos distribution. These variables include soil bulk density (bdod), isothermality (bio03), precipitation during the warmest quarter (bio18), and mean temperature during the wettest quarter (bio08). Currently, the potential suitable habitat for Aegle marmelos spans an area of approximately 396,869 square kilometers, primarily concentrated in the regions of Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan in Pakistan. The habitats deemed highly suitable for Aegle marmelos are predominantly found in upper and central Punjab. However, if climate change persists, the suitable habitats in Pakistan are likely to become more fragmented, resulting in a significant shift in the overall suitable area. Moreover, the distribution center of the species is expected to relocate towards the southeast, leading to increased spatial separation over time. The results of this research significantly contribute to our understanding of the geo-ecological aspects related to Aegle marmelos. Furthermore, they provide valuable recommendations for the protection, management, monitoring, and sustainable production of this species.
Taxonomic checklists used to verify published plant names and identify synonyms are a cornerstone of biological research. Four global authoritative checklists for vascular plants exist: Leipzig Catalogue of Vascular Plants, World Checklist of Vascular Plants, World Flora Online (successor of The Plant List, TPL), and WorldPlants. We compared these four checklists in terms of size and differences across taxa.
We matched taxon names of these checklists and TPL against each other, identified differences across checklists, and evaluated the consistency of accepted names linked to individual taxon names. We assessed geographic and phylogenetic patterns of variance.
All checklists differed strongly compared with TPL and provided identical information on c. 60% of plant names. Geographically, differences in checklists increased from low to high latitudes. Phylogenetically, we detected strong variability across families. A comparison of name‐matching performance on taxon names submitted to the functional trait database TRY, and a check of completeness of accepted names evaluated against an independent, expert‐curated checklist of the family Meliaceae, showed a similar performance across checklists.
This study raises awareness on the differences in data and approach across these checklists potentially impacting analyses. We propose ideas on the way forward exploring synergies and harmonizing the four global checklists.
The current research is concerned with the synthesis of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles (NPs) from Abrus precatorius L. bark extract via the green chemistry method. The synthesized MgO NPs was confirmed by using several characterization methods like XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, and UV-visible analysis. The synthesized MgO NPs displayed a small particle size along with a specific surface area. Abrus precatorius bark synthesized MgO NPs with a higher ratio of dye degradation, and antioxidant activity showed a higher percentage of free radical scavenging in synthesized MgO NPs. Zebrafish embryos were used as a model organism to assess the toxicity of the obtained MgO nanoparticles, and the results concluded that the MgO NPs were nontoxic. In addition, the anticancer properties of MgO nanoparticles were analyzed by using a human melanoma cancer cell line (A375) via MTT, XTT, NRU, and LDH assessment. MgO NPs treated a human melanoma cancer cell line and resulted in apoptosis and necrosis based on the concentration, which was confirmed through a genotoxicity assay. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms in necrosis and apoptosis were conferred to depict the association of magnesium oxide nanoparticles with the human melanoma cancer cell line. The current study on MgO NPs showed a broad-scope understanding of the use of these nanoparticles as a medicinal drug for melanoma cancer via its physiological mechanism and also a novel route to obtain MgO NPs by using the green chemistry method.
The present study was carried out to document the diversity of lycopods, pteridophytes, angiosperm and gymnosperm taxa of the Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve and enlists the plant species from different forest habitats. During the floristic survey in different locations from August 2018 through December 2019, a total of 813 species were encountered which belong to 548 genera and 143 families. Of the 811 species, 72 species were endemic to this biosphere reserve. Of the recorded species, the family Fabaceae is found to be dominant with 53 species belonging to 39 genera. This signifies the rich species diversity in this reserve.KeywordsBiosphereDiversityFloraGreat NicobarVegetation
This datasheet on Furcraea foetida covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Further Information.
This datasheet on Jasminum multiflorum covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Further Information.
A taxonomic revision of the genus Dehaasia Blume is presented for the Indo-Burmese region. Four species are recognized, keyed out and treated with references, type citations, synonymy, flowering and fruiting periods, local names and use, habitat, distribution and the specimens examined. Dehassia rangamattiensis is synonymized under D. kurzii. The report of D. firma from the Andaman Islands is based on a misidentified specimen of D. kurzii. The names Dictyodaphne candolleana (basionym of D. candolleana), D. kurzii, D. rangamattiensis and Laurus incrassata (basionym of D. incrassata) are lecto-typified. In addition, lectotypification of Cryptocarya cuneata (basionym of D. cuneata), native to Malesia, is appended because the species has often been mistaken for D. candolleana.
Memecylon minutiflorum Miq. (Memecylaceae) from the Mount Harriet National Park, Bay Islands is a new distributional record for India. A short description with herbarium image is provided here for further collection and identification.
Endemism in flora of a region, especially Islands that are isolated from the landmass, has been receiving special attention for studies and interpretations. The Angiosperms endemic to Andaman and Nicobar Islands have been enumerated by different authors with varying numbers. Several of these taxa have lost endmic status due to findings in additional areas of their distribution or because of reduction to synonymy with names known elsewhere. The general tendency to inflate the number of novelties and later reductions in endemicity is very obvious in these Islands. The paper presents lists of these two categories of Angiosperms of assigned endemism based on contemporary knowledge and literature. Among the 260 endemic BCUs, 165 (63.5%) are unique to Andaman and 59 (22.7%) to Nicobar and the remaining 36 (13.8%) were found common to both the groups of Islands. The Andaman Islands have greater (almost three times) number of endemic species richness over Nicobar Islands which is expected since its geographic area is four times higher. The percentage similarity between the Andaman and Nicobar groups of Islands is just 13.8% in terms of endemics. Moreover, Andaman and Nicobar have different affinities with the floras of different regions. The beta diversity (change in species diversity between these two ecosystems) is 224, which is very high. The present study also indicates that the floras of the two groups of Islands have evolved independently like their convergent margin tectonic setting. Although endemism is rich in geographically defined areas such as Islands, it does not seem to be true (cf. with many Islands elsewhere) in the case of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Many endemic species proclaimed to be threatened in these Islands are not 'really endemic' as revealed by the present assessment.
Miliusaamplexicaulis Ridl. (Annonaceae), so far recorded from Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia, is reported here as a new distributional record for India from the Bay Islands.
Five angiosperm taxa are being reported as new records for Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
The Genus Odontosoria Fee (Odontosoria chinensis (L.) J. Smith – Lindsaeaceae) is reported as a fern generic record for the Andaman & Nicobar Islands from Little Nicobar Tribal Reserve. A short description with nomenclature, line diagram and colour plate is provided here for further collection and identification in field.
Briedelia moonii Thwaites is a new distributional record for India. A short description along with relevant notes and figure is provided here for easy identification and further collection in field.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.