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Women entrepreneurship: A force for growth
... Empirical studies show working and travelling, limited access to funding, social constraints, restrictions in making decisions, lack of business skills and training on how to do business, low education, etc. as factors that affected women in doing business (Naicker and Nsengimana, 2020;Terjesen and Elam, 2012;Panda, 2018). Furthermore institutional forces-informal and formal have also been attributed to affect women business by either encouraging it or discouraging it (Welter and Smallbone, 2012). ...
... Other studies (Terjesen and Elam, 2012;Panda, 2018;Welter and Smallbone, 2011) add working and travelling, limited access to funding, social constraints, restrictions in making decisions, lack of business skills , low education, etc. as factors affecting women in doing business. On institutional level, studies (Anderson et al., 2013) indicate both informal and formal institutions as having negative and positive impacts on women's business. ...
The Covid-19 pandemic has led world governments to take measures in stopping its spread and minimize its victims. This has affected businesses of all categories, including that of women (micro business) of selling fruits and vegetables in Rwanda's Kimironko markets. This study investigated how these women did business before, during, and after the lock down, the challenges they faced, the reasons for resilience, and what can be done to overcome challenges. In-depth interviews were used to collect data from 15 selected participants. Using thematic analysis, findings indicated how business was done; main challenges included capital, rent, weary journeys, access to financial credits, working in shifts, rotting products, and business skills. Reasons for resilience included doing business as last resort for family sustenance and passion for business. The study concluded that women at Kimironko markets are resilient in doing business despite challenges. The study is of great significance as it brings new insights of doing business amid a pandemic. Policy measures to enhance productive capacities of post COVID-19 Crisis have been recommended. These include: facilitating people doing business with monitored and coordinated cheaper transport access during a pandemic outbreak. Secondly, economic recovery fund be designed in a way that it becomes accessible to all business categories; Micro finance credit institutions devise ways of facilitating women micro businesses to continue performing through long-term loans, and measures be taken to provide trainings on doing businesses at the micro level. This would facilitate women to acquire business skills so that they don't incur losses.
... Household Income levels is measured using poverty line below which an individual is classified as poor. Other factors that affect income level include income inequalities, wage gap, occupational segregation, inadequate financial resources to meet their basic needs, unpaid care work of child care, eldercare, household chores and Lack of financial independence (Terjesen & Elam, 2012;Mouhammad, 2018;Gupta, 2021;Duflo 2012, Tripathi & Ahuja, 2022. Lack of access to education and skill development hinders women earnings potentials, healthcare, and reproductive costs strains household budget especially of those in low-income earnings and families headed by women (Brewer & O'Dea, 2012). ...
Women roles within the society have remarkable impacts on poverty alleviation though they are susceptible to gender-based inequalities, uncompensated care giving and domestic duties. The specific objectives for the study were i) To Examine the gender wage gap among women ii) To determine source of income (Income generating activities among women iii) Examine the household expenditure patterns and iv) Assess economic status of women that makes them prone to poverty. Classical theory of poverty was used with explanatory research design. Structured questionnaires were administered to women aged 18 –60 to sample size of 397 with response rate of 95.72%. Qualitative and Quantitative data was analyzed and non-numerical data was captures in narration and tables. The study hypotheses were tested at 0.05 significance level and found a negative and insignificant relationship between poverty and education, while positive and significant effect associated with household size, employment, Income size housing types, water sources. The study also revealed that poverty level is significantly associated with source income, income level, mode of saving, credit/convenient loan (β =11.783, ρ value =0.019). Poverty level is also statistically significant associated with adequate expenditure amount which includes expenditure spent on education, food and beverages, daily needs, water. For the economic status of women, there was statistically significant association between poverty and economic empowerment. This includes decision making in household, progressing in life, saving loan for emergency and current knowledge, skill, resource economically In conclusion, Langas region encountered challenges that determines poverty.
... Regarding the characteristics of informal entrepreneurs, a widely held assumption in this literature was that such entrepreneurs were clustered in marginalized populations (Martinez et al., 2015;Ojo et al., 2013). However, the present research demonstrated that although informal enterprises were concentrated in low-income populations, they were equally found in affluent households (Williams and Nadin, 2012) and advanced economies (Terjesen and Elam, 2012;Welter et al., 2015;Williams, 2023). It was suggested that people in higher-income households used their formal jobs to establish informal enterprises (Williams and Round, 2009). ...
Although informal entrepreneurship has attracted attention from entrepreneurship scholars, it remains under-theorized. This systematic review critically analyses, evaluates and integrates data on informal entrepreneurship gathered from studies published in eight (8) leading entrepreneurship journals. Although this form of entrepreneurship is practiced across the globe, it is generally perceived as an activity occurring in the peripheries of mainstream economics and inferior to formal entrepreneurship. This review develops essential knowledge for entrepreneurship research by theorizing informal entrepreneurship as a potent process in business formation and it establishes a future research agenda.
... Inadequate education, access to capital, access to suppliers, business training, and access to information market, incubator availability, lack of a supportive atmosphere, and access to Labour is one of the most common stumbling blocks for WEs. According to a number of research, WEs may face challenges due to a lack of education (Jesen and Elam, 2012;Shabana, 2011;Terjesen and Elam, 2012). A variety of factors that influence entrepreneurial drive have been found in early study. ...
... Inadequate education, access to capital, access to suppliers, business training, and access to information market, incubator availability, lack of a supportive atmosphere, and access to Labour is one of the most common stumbling blocks for WEs. According to a number of research, WEs may face challenges due to a lack of education (Jesen and Elam, 2012;Shabana, 2011;Terjesen and Elam, 2012). A variety of factors that influence entrepreneurial drive have been found in early study. ...
In today’s time, startups and entrepreneurs are creating major impact in the economy not only in India and emerging economies but also in de�veloped economies across the world. Every sector is going through huge transformational changes brought by innovative solutions designed and
developed by bright entrepreneurial community across the globe. New and innovative products and solutions developed by the entrepreneurs
are not only impacting people’s lives in positive ways but are also contributing towards the emergence of significant socio-economic factors
affecting entrepreneurship development.
For the young minds to flourish and innovate, enabling environment needs to be created to boost their entrepreneurial mindset. Education has
always been the backbone of every big change that we have seen in the past. Educators have had a big role to play in building this mindset
among youth to be innovative entrepreneurs and solve pertinent problems. Young minds have to be trained and groomed to be problem solvers very early in their lives. Governments have to come up with policies and framework to enable entrepreneurship and motivate founders to come up with more effective ways of doing things. A strong network of mentors and advisors has to be built who will act as backbone of this startup ecosystem and guide the entrepreneurs in their journey. Last, but by no means the least, important is fund flow for entrepreneurs to succeed in
their growth journey. This book covers chapters contributed by the variety of distinguished authors and industry practitioners.
... For women, being married can increase the probability of having children. Terjesen and Elam (2012) argue that women are more likely to become entrepreneurs if they have help caring for their children. ...
This study draws on Social Role Theory to identify the factors that determine entrepreneurs' choice of Social Entrepreneurship (SE) with specific attention to gender-based differences.
Following a review of the literature, a logistic regression model is estimated to determine the objective variables that influence female Social Entrepreneurship.
The results confirm that women are more likely than men to set up a Social Enterpreneurship and only the variable occupational status (at managerial level) and previous work experience have proven significant.
The importance of Social Entrepreneurship to a country's economic growth has been gaining recognition. Recently, institutions and the economic literature have been attributing greater significance to SE as a driver of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The economics literature has confirmed that women are more motivated by the social goals inherent in SE. Understanding the factors that influence the development of women's entrepreneurship could help policy makers to design public policies.
... Lack of education, access to finance, accessibility to suppliers, training related to the business, access to market, availability of incubator, lack of conducive environment, and accessibility to labor can be some of the stumbling factors for WEs. Several studies have shown that lack of education can be a barrier for WEs (Jesen and Elam, 2012;Shabana, 2011;Terjesen and Elam, 2012). ...
If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.com Emerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services. Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. Abstract Purpose-The purpose of the paper is to find the relationship between education and training and performance of women entrepreneurs (WEs). The present study found that entrepreneurial education stimulates women to take up entrepreneurship as a career option. Design/methodology/approach-Also the findings of the study show that WEs lack the time for upgrading their skills and also need training for developing their skills. The methodology includes empirical study, collection of data and analysis with the help of SPSS, correlation method to find the relationship between education and training of WEs. Findings-Getting appropriate education helps them with finding sources of innovative ideas and converting these ideas into enterprises. The study also revealed that due to constraints in the time availability and resources, WEs find it hard to train themselves and equip themselves with the recent developments in technology and the market. Research limitations/implications-Moreover, the study findings suggest that providing them with professional training and skill development programme would help the women students to launch their businesses. The data colleted is only from India. Practical implications-The paper also discusses the managerial implications and research implications of such a study. The study shows that there is a significant relationship between providing entrepreneurial platform and education to the women to start up their ventures. Social implications-The study findings suggest that there is a lack of societal support for women entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship is still expected to be a male-dominated field, and it may be difficult to gain the society's support for WEs. The women entrepreneurship can also provide a tool for social upliftment for below poverty line people. Originality/value-Moreover, the study findings suggest that providing them with professional training and skill development programme would help the women students to launch their businesses. The paper also discusses the managerial implications and research implications of such a study.
... Lack of education, access to finance, accessibility to suppliers, training related to the business, access to market, availability of incubator, lack of conducive environment, and accessibility to labor can be some of the stumbling factors for WEs. Several studies have shown that lack of education can be a barrier for WEs (Jesen and Elam, 2012;Shabana, 2011;Terjesen and Elam, 2012). ...
If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.com Emerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services. Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. Abstract Purpose-The purpose of the paper is to find the relationship between education and training and performance of women entrepreneurs (WEs). The present study found that entrepreneurial education stimulates women to take up entrepreneurship as a career option. Design/methodology/approach-Also the findings of the study show that WEs lack the time for upgrading their skills and also need training for developing their skills. The methodology includes empirical study, collection of data and analysis with the help of SPSS, correlation method to find the relationship between education and training of WEs. Findings-Getting appropriate education helps them with finding sources of innovative ideas and converting these ideas into enterprises. The study also revealed that due to constraints in the time availability and resources, WEs find it hard to train themselves and equip themselves with the recent developments in technology and the market. Research limitations/implications-Moreover, the study findings suggest that providing them with professional training and skill development programme would help the women students to launch their businesses. The data colleted is only from India. Practical implications-The paper also discusses the managerial implications and research implications of such a study. The study shows that there is a significant relationship between providing entrepreneurial platform and education to the women to start up their ventures. Social implications-The study findings suggest that there is a lack of societal support for women entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship is still expected to be a male-dominated field, and it may be difficult to gain the society's support for WEs. The women entrepreneurship can also provide a tool for social upliftment for below poverty line people. Originality/value-Moreover, the study findings suggest that providing them with professional training and skill development programme would help the women students to launch their businesses. The paper also discusses the managerial implications and research implications of such a study.
... Lawan identified motivational factors, psychological traits and personality characteristics, barriers before beginning business, and entrepreneurial behaviour. Other scholars corroborated this position when they concentrated on the challenges women entrepreneurs face in Africa (Aladejebi, 2020) and elsewhere (Terjesen & Elam, 2012;Thébaud, 2015). These researches demonstrated that restricted access to finance, opportunities for human capital development, social constraints and discrimination, restrictions in decision making, work and family life conflicts, patriarchal nature of African societies, and gender discrimination hampers women entrepreneurship. ...
The objective of this chapter is to reveal the impact of workforce diversity on the innovation level of Lebanese family firms. Data for this research work was collected from different Lebanese sectors during the first quarter of 2021. Based on sample of 647 Lebanese family firms, the results of SEM model show that gender diversity has a positive impact marketing, organizational, and product innovation. In addition, the results indicate that the presence of youth in family firms enhances both marketing and process innovation. Finally, the results do not reveal any impact of gender diversity on process innovation and age diversity on organizational and product innovation.
The issue of diversity, equity, and inclusion is topical globally. Despite the slow embrace of the triple concept in Africa and Nigeria especially, literature has continued to grow in the area. Entrepreneurship is an area that has been enjoying attention in Nigeria also with women found to be important contributors. The Igbo entrepreneurship system has recently gained some global attention. While it is heavily masculine, the role of women has not been sufficiently studied. This study sought to find the experiences of Igbo women entrepreneurs in the Iwo Road Business Hub of Ibadan, Nigeria in terms of inclusion. An unstructured questionnaire was used to elicit information from participants. This study presents challenges faced by participants for inclusion. It informs stakeholders of the need to deliberately adjust to take advantage of the potential of women for both entrepreneurial and economic growth in Nigeria.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.