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Orientations to happiness and life satisfaction: The full life versus the empty life
Journal of Happiness Studies
... In brief, engagement was found to be the most potent pathway for enhancing positive affect and contributing to life satisfaction, motivation, activity, and meaning (Chan 2009;Gabriele 2008;Peterson et al. 2005;Ruch et al. 2010;Vella-Brodrick et al. 2009), while meaning was a close second (Peterson et al. 2007;Park et al. 2009). ...
... Pursuing numerous paths resulted in increased life satisfaction and the prospect of a complete life, but pursuing fewer paths was less successful and might result in an empty existence (Peterson et al. 2005). ...
... Despite this, each route was unique, linked with the others (Chan 2009;Peterson et al. 2007;Ruch et al. 2010), and predicted various well-being indicators separately Peterson et al. 2005;Seligman et al., 2004;Vella-Brodrick et al. 2009). ...
Human nature, values, and human existence and development are all intertwined in the notion of Maqāṣid al-Sharīʽah, which supports the well-being of humans, including those with mental health concerns. The high degree of mental health difficulties among students, such as severe stress and depressive symptoms, not only impact their academic performance but also lead to self-injurious behaviour and suicidal attempts. With the COVID-19 pandemic affecting Malaysian university students’ mental health, this article aims to explore the situation from a Maqāṣid al-Sharīʽah perspective and positive psychology. The study employed a mixed-method approach. Firstly, a quantitative descriptive analysis was done to assess students’ overall mental health symptoms to provide a rudimentary assessment of their core psychological problems. Questionnaires were accompanied by an open-ended question to triangulate respondents’ experiences and were analysed qualitatively through a thematic analysis. A DASS-21 survey was given to 87 undergraduate IIUM students (n = 81) aged 19 to 27 years. Based on the maqāṣid framework, the study could be utilised to prioritise strategies to treat mental health concerns at various levels that will ensure the preservation of human life. The ultimate purpose of this research is to provide future implications for a multidimensional framework of psychological well-being based on Maqāṣid al-Sharīʽah principles. This is consistent with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) that calls for action to protect humanity and to ensure that all individuals are living in peace and prosperity.
... As originally postulated by [1], positive character traits play a vital role in the Yield of positive psychology. Good character is facilitated by pleasure, Ylow, and other positive experiences [3,4]. Character strengths are moderately genetically inYluenced, revealing that love, humor, modesty, and teamwork are most affected by environmental elements [5]. ...
... Through purposive sampling, the following inclusion criteria was used to recruit willing senior high school students: (1) of Yicially enrolled as a senior high school student of Saint Mary's University (2) must be 17-19 years old (3) has been referred to the guidance of Yice for counseling. A total of 15 senior high school students, 13 females and 2 males, participated in this qualitative inquiry. ...
Recognizing and developing strengths in individuals contribute to making life more worth living. Human services particularly the counseling profession is not just about fixing deficiencies but should also be about nurturing the best in people. This mixed methods research provided a profile of the character strengths of senior high school students from a private university (n=294). Using the Filipino version of the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths (VIAIS), data revealed that the signature strengths of students were fairness, teamwork, appreciation of beauty and excellence, kindness and gratitude. Justice strengths such as fairness and teamwork were the topmost strengths implying that students are civic- oriented and contribute to a functional community. Transcendence strengths like appreciation of beauty and excellence and gratitude suggested that students give prime attention to beauty, and excellent performances and they are grateful for the things they have in life. Humanity strengths (kindness) imply that these strengths help the students in their interpersonal relationships. Furthermore, the qualitative responses of 15 senior high school students who were referred for counseling were analyzed to explore the manifestations of character strengths in their coping strategy. Thematic analysis revealed the character strengths of appreciation of beauty, hope, perspective, love, self-regulation and religiousness/ spirituality. Implications of the findings in school counseling programs and interventions were discussed.
... Countries with robust welfare systems often exhibit higher happiness levels, demonstrating that prosperity and the fulfillment of needs correlate with overall life satisfaction. The contemporary welfare state operates on the principle that improving living conditions enhances individual happiness, as supported by Peterson et al. (2005), reinforcing the importance of policies aimed at elevating societal quality of life to boost overall happiness. ...
... Countries with robust welfare systems often exhibit higher happiness levels, demonstrating that prosperity and fulfilling needs correlate with overall life satisfaction. The contemporary welfare state operates on the principle that improving living conditions enhances individual happiness, as Peterson et al. (2005) supported, reinforcing the importance of policies that elevate societal quality of life to boost overall happiness. ...
Happiness is an important aspect of a country's life, even in the study of public policy making happiness the main goal. Happiness comes from internal factors that come from personal motivation and motivation for something, while external factors come from various conditions outside of oneself, the focus in this research is external factors (such as government public policy). The problem of making public policy only limited to political decisions results in neglecting the happiness of citizens. This research aims to examine social aspects based on various previous studies that have contributed to citizen happiness. This research uses a qualitative approach with literature studies, materials derived from journals and books are the main sources used as units of analysis. The results show that social aspects, such as population, welfare, religion, social capital, and social engagement have an impact on happiness. Creating public space in developing various social aspects is an important thing that needs to be done so that citizens have broad access to develop themselves and feel happiness in the public space created by the state.
... for the negative affect test. (Watson et al, 1988) Orientations to Happiness (Peterson et al, 2005) A fi fteen item test that measures happiness in three ways: engagement or fl ow, pleasure and meaning. The test can be broken down to give ...
... The effect of group-based life coaching on happiness and well-being a separate result for engagement, eudemonic and hedonic aspects to happiness. A fi ve point rating with internal consistencies reported by Peterson et al is said to be satisfactory (pleasure mean = 0.84, fl ow mean = 0.77 and meaning mean = 0.88, Peterson et al, 2005). This study is interested in the relationships between having a sense of purpose that supports goal congruence and satisfaction with life and happiness. ...
This study set out to test the hypothesis that overall well-being and happiness can be affected by a structured, supportive, peer coaching group that facilitates, the positive aspects that contribute to happiness and well-being. This study examined the effects of a coaching workshop that takes an integrated and self-directed focus towards achievable congruent goals in all areas of life. The workshops encourage intrinsic motivation, selfknowledge, positive feeling, self-efficacy and growth. In a quasi-experimental two-factor design, 40 self-selected participants were randomly assigned to attend either a coaching workshop run once a week over a six-week period (experimental group n=23), or a control group (control group n=17). A series of 2x3 split plot analyses of variance were carried out with Time (pre v post v follow up) as the within participant factor and Group (experimental v control) as the between participants factor. All participants completed self-report measures for general happiness, psychological well-being, satisfaction with life, self-efficacy, positive emotion and hope. These measures were completed before and after the experimental intervention and then again three months later. The experimental group attended at least four public life-coaching workshops over a six-week period. The control group also met once a week as an unstructured group in general discussion over the same time period and again were required to attend at least four times. The results for those in the experimental coaching group showed a significant effect compared to the control group. The number of participants was small yet the study produced some significant results, which were sustained for three months. Group life coaching can certainly be said to effect aspects of being that are known to be important contributors to intrinsic motivation, happiness and well-being.
... This paper addresses this topic by exploring how technological versus natural experiences in consumption influence consumer wellbeing, which is defined as consisting of both happiness and life satisfaction. A broad perspective that combines hedonic and eudaimonic views of happiness is adopted, which results in happiness being viewed as both a "pleasurable life" and a "meaningful life" (Baumeister et al., 2013;Peterson et al., 2005). This work, therefore, expands the growing literature on new technologies and their impact on consumers. ...
... Recent studies in psychology adopt a unified perspective of wellbeing, supporting conceptualizations that regard it as both a hedonic and eudaimonic construct (e.g., Martela & Sheldon, 2019;Peterson et al., 2005). ...
New technologies are becoming increasingly common in consumers' daily lives, and they are significantly changing consumer experiences. Given the novelty and pervasiveness of these technologies, understanding their effects on consumer well-being is important. This research explores how technological versus natural experiences in consumption contribute to consumer well-being, which is defined as happiness (with its components of pleasure and meaning) and life satisfaction. The results demonstrate that the type of experience (i.e., natural or technological) affects meaning and pleasure and, consequently, life satisfaction. These effects depend on two individual characteristics: consumer mindfulness and fatigue. When consumer mindfulness is high, the type of experience does not affect pleasure and meaning as consumers consistently derive high levels of both components of happiness. However, when their mindfulness is low, pleasure depends on the type of experience. Similar patterns are observed for meaning, although this is affected by the level of fatigue felt by consumers. Therefore, meaning is affected by the two individual characteristics of mindfulness and fatigue. By demonstrating the importance of consumer mindfulness in protecting individuals from fatigue and the potential negative effects associated with technological and natural consumption experiences, this study identifies practical insights that can be used to shape technological and natural experiences that support consumer well-being.
... Cultural context also contributes to the character of relations between happiness and life satisfaction (Peterson et al., 2005;Ortiz-Ospina & Roser, 2023). Existing research based on samples from worldwide effects has often failed to provide a clear understanding of the cultural factors that shape these constructs in diverse populations of the world (Oishi & Diener, 2014). ...
Background: Well-being specifically, the fundamental components of subjective well-being, happiness, and life satisfaction provide information about how a person evaluates their quality of life. A common perception of a healthy and happy human being is influenced by knowledge of well-being as a mediator, which deepens awareness of how and by what process happiness leads to an increase in life satisfaction. Objective: The study aims to investigate the direct and indirect effect of happiness on life satisfaction through well-being as a mediator. Material and Method: The study recruited 180 research participants who were selected from various districts of Haryana (India). The data was collected from the selected sample with the help of self-reported measures. The collected data was statistically analyzed with the help of PROCESS macro using SPSS. Results and Discussion: Happiness is found to be a significant predictor of well-being (β=0.3061) and life satisfaction (β=0.2176). Well-being also emerged as an important predictor of life satisfaction (β=0.7778). The direct effect (β=0.2176) of happiness on life satisfaction and the indirect impact (β=0.2381) through the mediator of well-being are found to be significant. So, well-being mediates the relationship between happiness and life satisfaction. Conclusion: The findings conclude that well-being is a significant mediator of the relationship between happiness and life satisfaction. This study has broad theoretical relevance and may be helpful to educators, legislators, and mental health practitioners.
... Aynı zamanda yaşam doyumu olarak da ifade edilen yaşam memnuniyeti bireyin yaşamından ne kadar hoşlandığını ifade etmektedir. Bunun yanında anlamlı bir yaşama sahip olmanın, yaşamdaki uğraşın fazla olmasının yaşam memnuniyeti ile ilişkili olduğu görülmüştür (Peterson, Park & Seligman.,2005). Yaşam memnuniyeti durumları beş alana bakılarak tespit edilmektedir. ...
The phenomenon of migration is not merely a physical relocation but a complex process that necessitates the reconstruction of cultural, social, and emotional ties. In this context, digital platforms emerge as significant tools that enable migrants to maintain connections with their past while adapting to new societies. Digital technologies transcend physical distances, facilitating seamless communication and allowing individuals to sustain their cultural ties with their homeland. However, excessive use of these digital tools increases the risk of digital dependency, leading to the superficiality of social bonds rather than their deepening. This study explores the effects of digital dependency on the social bonds and communication practices of migrants. Findings reveal that digital dependency may hinder migrants' relationships with their new social environments, reduce face-to-face interactions, and result in negative outcomes such as loneliness and social isolation. On the other hand, balanced use of digital technologies can help migrants preserve connections with their homeland while fostering meaningful relationships in their new communities. The study underscores the importance of conscious and moderate use of digital platforms to positively influence migrants’ social integration processes.
İnsan hayatının son bölümünü oluşturan yaşlılık döneminin kendine has biyolojik, sosyal ve psikolojik özellikleri bulunmaktadır. İnsan gelişiminin de son safhasını oluşturan bu dönemi her insan farklı şekilde deneyimler. Bu araştırmada, TRT'de yayınlanan ve yaşlı insanlarla yapılan röportajları içeren "Ömür Dediğin" isimli belgesel içeriğinin 10 bölümü yazılı hali içerik analizine tabi tutulmuş ve yaşlı insanların hayatları ve yaşlılık süreçleriyle ilgili ifadeleri fenomonolojik bir bakış açısıyla analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan içerik analizinde yaşlı insanların yaşlılık dönemlerinde deneyimledikleri duygu ve olgular on beş tema altında özetlenmiştir. Bunlar: Yalnızlık, Eksiklik Duygusu, Özlem, Yoksulluk, Şükür, Kabullenme, Cesaret, Tevekkül, Memnuniyet, Minnettarlık, Köklendirme, Endişeler, Korkular, Şikâyetler ve Üzüntüler. Yapılan analiz sonucunda yaşlılık dönemindeki insanların dini inançlarının yaşanan zorluklara karşı bir dayanak ve direnç kaynağı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Yaşlılık dönemindeki insanlar daha az maddiyatçı eğilimler sergilerken daha çok manevi temelli bir duruş içinde oldukları ölüm üzerine sıkça düşündükleri ama inançlarından dayanak alarak ölüm olgusuyla barışık oldukları sonucuna varılmıştır.
... For example, Waterman et al. (1993) created a well-being scale that assesses both hedonic pleasure and personal expressiveness; it consists of two dimensions-hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Peterson et al. (2005) proposed that well-being includes the dimensions of life's meaning and pleasure. Falter and Hadwich (2019) constructed a multi-dimensional customer service well-being scale, encompassing positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning and accomplishment, and absence of negative emotions. ...
Using a social cognitive theory perspective, this study examines how AI service quality influences perceived competence, perceived warmth, and consumer well-being. We tested the hypothesized relationships using structural equation modelling with data collected from 580 consumers in China. The results showed that four dimensions of AI service quality (i.e., technical security, technical reliability, perceived personalization, and hyperconnectivity service capability) are important drivers of perceived competence and perceived warmth. Furthermore, perceived competence and perceived warmth significantly affect consumer well-being. Last, employee service quality commitment significantly moderates the relationship between AI service quality and perceived competence and perceived warmth.
... Aynı zamanda yaşam doyumu olarak da ifade edilebilen memnuniyet ve haz içeren yaşam memnuniyeti, bireyin sürdürmekte olduğu yaşamından ne kadar hoşlandığını ifade etmektedir (Güler & Emeç, 2006). Anlamlı bir yaşama sahip olma, yaşamdan zevk alma, yaşamdaki uğraşının fazla olması gibi faktörlerin yaşam memnuniyeti ile ilişkili olduğu görülmüştür (Peterson, Park, & Seligman, 2005 ...
When we look at world history, we see that there are many epidemics. In 2020, the world we live in
encountered a pandemic with very serious effects. COVID-19, which first appeared in Wuhan, China,
spread rapidly and brought life to a standstill in many countries around the world. Researchers are
conducting studies in fields such as sociology, health, psychology, and education regarding COVID-19,
which has such an impact on human life. Life satisfaction is one of the studies carried out in these fields.
The aim of this study is to determine the factors affecting the life satisfaction of individuals in Turkey
during the COVID-19 period using Negative Binomial Regression Analysis using the micro data sets of
the Life Satisfaction Survey conducted by the Turkish Statistical Institute in 2021. When the model
results are examined, it is seen that the variables of gender, age, education level, employment status,
household size, and housing ownership are significant. When the frequency analyzes of the study are
examined, it is seen that 29.2% of the participants in the study are single and 29.2% are women. In
addition, 64.8% of the participants in the study own the house they live in. In addition, 20.6% of the
individuals participating in the study were university graduates. As a result of the study, it was
determined that individuals between the ages of 55-64 were 84.3% more likely to be satisfied with their
lives than individuals aged 65 and over.
... 1988;Csíkszentmihályi et.al. 1993;Nakamura 1988), az önbecsülés érzéséhez (Adlai-Gail 1994; Wells 1988), a pszichológiai rugalmassághoz (Schmidt 2003), valamint a beteljesülés és az élettel való elégedettség érzéséhez (Asakawa 2004;Bryce-Haworth 2002;Clarke-Haworth 1994;Han 1988;Ishimura-Kodama 2006;Peterson et al. 2005). A múzeumok elsődleges feladata a kulturális javak meghatározott anyagainak folyamatos gyűjtése, nyilvántartása, megőrzése és restaurálása, tudományos feldolgozása és publikálása, kiállításokon és más módon történő bemutatása (Dominek 2020) -a múzeum egy olyan hely, ahol az élménypedagógia elengedhetetlen pillére a múzeumi tanulásnak (Sommer 2011). ...
A kulturális intézmények nemcsak tudást, de élményeket is nyújthatnak a látogatóknak. De mégis hogyan és miként tudnak idomulni egy megváltozott és állandóan mozgásban lévő, közösségi média által uralt társadalomhoz, viszonyokhoz? Ezen kérdésre tud felelni az élménypedagógia és a flow-alapú pedagógiai modell (Dominek 2022a) megjelenése a kulturális intézményi környezetben. A tanulmány bemutatja, hogy a fenti modell alkalmazása nélkül milyen flow-hatást tudnak kiváltani a vizsgált kulturális intézmények a felsőoktatási hallgatók látogatásai során. Az eredmények bemutatását követően a modell alkalmazásának lehetőségeit tárom fel, mely segítséget nyújthat a magasabb flow-értékek elérésére.
... Chen (2012) memperoleh fakta empiris jika faktor pendidikan berdampak positif terhadap kesejahteraan. Studi terdahulu yang dilakukan oleh Seligman (2005) memaparkan bahwa kemudaan disebut dapat merepresentasikan keadaan yang lebih bahagia. Penelitan lain juga mengkonfirmasi adanya hubungan yang tidak berbanding lurus dalam variabel umur dengan kebahagiaan individu (Aryogi, 2016;Sohn, 2010). ...
The purpose of this research is to analyze the determinants of happiness for working women in Indonesia. Using the cross-sectional data of Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) wave 5, a number of 3,368 observations were selected using logistic model. This model was chosen because the dependent variables are categorical, and the normal assumption is in error distribution. This study finds that wage is still relevant to be used as a measure for welfare in Indonesia due to the absence of Easterlin Paradox in Indonesia. Higher wages enable the public to have more freedom in fulfilling their consumptive needs. Furthermore, non-economic factors such as education, age, and marital status influence the happiness of working women, while residence is not influential. Furthermore, “double burden” borne by married working women does not reduce their happiness because marriage helps them in financial security from difficult economic conditions, in addition to economic factors and specialization in their family that can increase income.
... Accordingly, a eudaimonic-oriented personality may be interested in hedonic content that provides a balance to their daily contemplation and drive for academic excellence [31,30]. The combination is known to lead to the highest form of satisfaction [51]. ...
Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is undergoing a paradigm shift toward placing well-being at the center of technology development. Information systems (IS) research is called upon to align business goals with different well-being orientations, particularly those of hedonic and eudaimonic individuals. While hedonic-oriented individuals choose relaxation and pleasure as their goals, eudaimonic-oriented individuals are interested in meaningful experiences that go beyond pleasure. Surprisingly, there is a lack of datasets provided for recommender systems (RS) considering well-being orientations. We developed and thus present the first public dataset in this paper that was created based on an online survey with 229 participants. Respondents were asked to name their favorite movies and books and then the participants were clustered into two orientations using the HEMA-Revised (HEMA-R) Scale. In total, we collected 1,563 items (799 movies and 764 books). The dataset is intended to contribute to the improvement of (group) RS architectures.
... Week 7 Enjoyable and meaningful activities 29 Participants complete 3 activities: an enjoyable activity alone, an enjoyable activity with another person, and a meaningful activity completed alone or with others ...
Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) survivors experience significant psychological distress and low levels of positive psychological well-being, which can undermine patient-reported outcomes (PROs), such as quality of life (QoL). Hence, we conducted a pilot randomized clinical trial to assess the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a telephone-delivered positive psychology intervention (Positive Affect for the Transplantation of Hematopoietic stem cells intervention [PATH]) for improving well-being in HSCT survivors. Methods: HSCT survivors who were 100 days post-HSCT for hematologic malignancy at an academic institution were randomly assigned to either PATH or usual care. PATH, delivered by a behavioral health expert, entailed 9 weekly phone sessions on gratitude, personal strengths, and meaning. We defined feasibility a priori as >60% of eligible participants enrolling in the study and >75% of PATH participants completing ≥6 of 9 sessions. At baseline and 9 and 18 weeks, patients self-reported gratitude, positive affect, life satisfaction, optimism, anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), QoL, physical function, and fatigue. We used repeated measures regression models and estimates of effect size (Cohen’s d ) to explore the preliminary effects of PATH on outcomes. Results: We enrolled 68.6% (72/105) of eligible patients (mean age, 57 years; 50% female). Of those randomized to PATH, 91% completed all sessions and reported positive psychology exercises as easy to complete and subjectively useful. Compared with usual care, PATH participants reported greater improvements in gratitude (β = 1.38; d = 0.32), anxiety (β = −1.43; d = −0.40), and physical function (β = 2.15; d = 0.23) at 9 weeks and gratitude (β = 0.97; d = 0.22), positive affect (β = 2.02; d = 0.27), life satisfaction (β = 1.82; d = 0.24), optimism (β = 2.70; d = 0.49), anxiety (β = −1.62; d = −0.46), depression (β = −1.04; d = −0.33), PTSD (β = −2.50; d = −0.29), QoL (β = 7.70; d = 0.41), physical function (β = 5.21; d = 0.56), and fatigue (β = −2.54; d = −0.33) at 18 weeks. Conclusions: PATH is feasible, with promising signals for improving psychological well-being, QoL, physical function, and fatigue in HSCT survivors. Future multisite trials that investigate PATH’s efficacy are needed to establish its effects on PROs in this population.
... First, the Liking theory focuses on happiness. The Liking or Hedonic Happiness theory believes on maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain (Peterson et al. 2005). Hedonic Happiness is the study of what makes events and life pleasant or unpleasant, interesting or boring, joyous or sorrowful (Kahneman 1999). ...
... In Greece this scale was adapted indicating satisfactory validity and satisfactory internal reliability in adolescent and young adult population [38]. Orientation to Happiness (OTH) is a combined tool which consists of 18-items in total, having three subscales (factors) of life of engagement (6-items), meaning (6-items), and pleasure (6-items) measuring in a 5-point scale the degree to which the item applied (from "very much unlike me'' to "very much like me'') [9]. Several studies in undergraduate, university students and adult workers indicate OTH as a reliable and valid measure regarding its psychometric properties with a satisfactory internal reliability [39][40][41][42][43]. ...
Background
The purpose of the current study was to adapt and explore the psychometric properties of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form (OHQ-SF) in a Greek student sample.
Aim
This quantitative cross-sectional study was applied in order to translate and validate the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form (OHQ-SF) into Greek and to assess the psychometric properties.
Method
The English version of OHQ-SF was translated into Greek using the forward and backward translation. The sample was consisted of 88 adult students from the Public Educational Training Institution in Thessaloniki. Two self-report measures the Greek version of OHQ-SF and the Greek version of the Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R—to check the construct validity) were completed twice, for test and retest assessment, in full anonymity and confidentiality.
Statistical analysis
The psychometric properties of OHQ-SF/GR, namely the internal–external reliability and construct validity, were assessed, and the expected unidimensional structure was tested with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA).
Results and discussion
The Greek version of OHQ-SF (OHQ-SF/GR), for both test and retest, has adequate internal reliability, satisfactory structural validity, and adequate construct validity. The CFA indicated the unidimensional structure of the OHQ-SF/GR, and the fit indexes displayed good fit with the data. One item was removed due to poor correlation with the latent factor of happiness. The current study reveals that the final seven-item OHQ-SF/GR has very satisfactory psychometric properties being useful instrument to measure happiness levels in Greek adult students and is a valid tool that can be utilised in research field.
... Además, la maduración de las habilidades de autocontrol sería crucial para el desarrollo de los aspectos eudaimónicos del florecimiento, ya que posibilita que la persona se comporte de manera constructiva, considere las necesidades y derechos de los demás y ajuste su comportamiento con el objetivo de vivir una vida próspera en relación con otros (Rosenbaum & Ronen, 2013). Por su parte, Peterson et al. (2005) indican que la orientación hedonista es característica en edades más tempranas de la vida, lo cual se observa en los resultados del presente estudio, dado que la satisfacción con la vida tuvo un peso predictivo sobre los cinco pilares del florecimiento de los adolescentes. ...
Objetivo:
El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo analizar cuál es el peso relativo de la satisfacción con la vida y el bienestar psicológico en la predicción del florecimiento de los adolescentes, evaluando a su vez el perfil de florecimiento en función del grado de satisfacción con la vida y de los niveles de cada uno de los aspectos del bienestar.
Metodología:
A partir de un muestreo no probabilístico participaron 421 adolescentes argentinos (Medad = 14,9; DE = 1,75), quienes respondieron la Escala Perfil PERMA (Waigel & Lemos, 2023), la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff (Meier & Oros, 2019) y la Escala de Satisfacción con la vida (Castro Solano, 2000). Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis de regresión jerárquica y análisis multivariados de variancia (MANOVAs).
Resultados:
Los hallazgos indican que tanto la satisfacción con la vida como el bienestar psicológico predicen significativamente el florecimiento de los adolescentes. El modelo explica un 65,5 % de la variancia, destacándose el peso predictivo de los aspectos hedónicos. Además, existen diferencias en el perfil general de florecimiento en función del nivel de satisfacción con la vida y de algunas de las dimensiones del bienestar psicológico.
Conclusión:
Se destaca la importancia de diseñar intervenciones que contemplen los predictores con mayor incidencia sobre la prosperidad durante la adolescencia. Asimismo, se sugiere profundizar en el estudio de los precursores del florecimiento para consolidar la ciencia del florecimiento.
... The connection between gratitude and enhanced well-being has been well studied with numerous grateful disposition measures created in the last 25 years to analyze this relationship (Adler & Fagley, 2005;Lin & Yeh, 2011;McCullough et al., 2002;Morgan et al., 2017;O'Leary et al., 2016;Peterson et al., 2005;Proctor et al., 2010;Thomas & Watkins, 2003;Watkins et al., 2003). Furthermore, a meta-analysis of the relationship between dispositional gratitude (the tendency to perceive and value positive aspects of life), and well-being among 158 independent samples and 100,099 observations reveals a moderate to strong positive correlation (Bhullar et al., 2015;Portocarrero et al., 2020). ...
Various methods exist to invoke gratitude, such as gratitude lists, acts directed towards others, and gratitude contemplation (Rash, Matsuba, and Prkachin, 2011). This study, through student perception elicitation, examines a gratitude list intervention in a professional development undergraduate class which tests the gratitude and enhanced well-being connection theory. Results suggest various reasons why students perceive a connection between gratitude lists and mental and physical well-being, although there was an overall belief among participants that gratitude lists help more with mental health than physical health. Also, the gratitude and enhanced well-being connection theory was not fully supported as overall respondent sentiment shifted after the gratitude intervention with fewer respondents believing than before the intervention that a gratitude list can help with mental and physical well-being. While the current results show a lower frequency of the belief that gratitude lists can help with well-being, students overall still enjoyed the exercise and recommended more contemplative practices in the classroom. Corresponding authors. Virginia Tech.
... Empirical evidence suggested that the full life (being high in both eudaimonia and hedonia) leads to greater life satisfaction than pursuit of eudaimonia or hedonia alone or than the empty life (being low in both eudaimonia and hedonia). Findings further showed that engagement and meaning are the most significant contributors to happiness relative to pleasure (Peterson et al. 2005). Sirgy and Wu (2009) subsequently proposed to expand this model, by adding to it a fourth orientation, namely, balance. ...
... In explaining the findings of the current research, it can be said that positivist interventions reduce depression, increase happiness and psychological well-being in people by increasing positive emotions, positive thoughts, positive behaviors, and satisfying people's basic needs such as autonomy, love, belonging, and communication. Lyubomirski and Laius, 2013) and emphasizes on increasing human strength and virtues and enhancing the meaning of life, making it possible for individuals and societies to achieve success (Peterson and Park, 2016). The present research was in line with the researches of Fatahi, Zare Bahramabadi and Farghdani (1401) and 2022) and Parsakia, Darbani, Rostami and Saadati (2022). ...
Background and Aim: The purpose of the current research was to investigate the effectiveness of the strength-based approach on coping strategies and emotional regulation of female students in the second year of high school. Methods: The present research was an applied study and its method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with an experimental group and a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the research included all the female students of high school who visited the private counseling clinic in the 5th district of Tehran in 2022 and 20 people were randomly selected in an experimental group (10 people) and a control group (10 people). Then, on the experimental group, a strength-based approach was performed on the group intervention based on the protocol prepared by Darbani and Parsakia (2022). In order to collect data, the research tools included Lazarus Coping Style Questionnaire (1988) and Garnefski et al.'s (2001) Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Also, for the statistical analysis of the data, SPSS-26 software and the method of variance analysis with three-step repeated measures were used. Results: Based on the findings, there was a significant difference between the scores of coping strategies and emotion regulation of the experimental and control groups in the pretest and post-test stages. The results of the statistical analysis of the data indicate that the strength-based approach had a significant effect on the coping strategies and emotion regulation of the experimental group members, and the effectiveness of these interventions was stable in the follow-up phase according to Bonferroni's follow-up test. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the strength-based approach can be used to improve the coping strategies and emotion regulation of female students of the second year of high school. Therefore, it is suggested to use this method in centers of psychological clinics and child and adolescent counseling.
... self-sufficiency, confidence, and determination). Peterson et al. (2005) contrast full life with the empty life by defining full life as being engaged, finding meaning in that engagement, and finding pleasure through the fulfillment of that meaning and engagement. The concept of a full life also exists in PCC. ...
Agilkaya-Sahin, Z. (2023). The Compatibility of Positive Psychology for Pastoral Care and Counseling. In Sefa Bulut (Ed.) Positive Psychology in Daily Life (pp. 126-161). Delhi: Global Books Organisation.
... Therefore, awareness-raising and communication measures must consider these different commitment profiles, knowing that the conservation of ecosystems can fall under the register of the common good or the familiarity regime for its heritage dimension, as well as engagement in individual plans if individuals are committed to maintaining the amenities from which they benefit. It is, therefore, necessary to analyze, through specific studies, the determinants of these motivations and to propose, according to learning, deliberation, and participation systems, to promote the development of motivations and commitments in favor of the protection of nature, knowing that psychologists also highlight positive iterations between hedonic and eudaimonic well-being (Ryan and Deci, 2001;Peterson et al., 2013). Thus, to diversify and strengthen engagement, innovative forms of learning should be promoted by strengthening familiarity with and reasoned use of ecosystems and, more generally, by developing information related to ecosystems (Sy et al., 2021). ...
Recent studies have shown the importance of relationships with nature, emotions felt, forms of attachment, and experience of nature on conservation motivations. They have proposed characterizing relational values based on these complex interactions with ecosystems. We analyzed these links for ecosystem services (ESs) associated with fish farming ponds. The analysis was based on an online survey conducted on mainland France. We identified the types of pro-environmental profiles and investigated the determinants of pro-environmental behaviors. We analyzed the types of services prioritized according to individual profiles and the factors determining sensitivity. We distinguish between individual ESs that are more hedonic in nature, and regulating or heritage cultural ESs that refer to collective motivations rather linked to eudaimonic well-being. The results highlight the importance of factors related to eudaimonic well-being, which help integrate the role of ethical values and commitment to conservation. The modeling shows little influence of the usual sociodemographic variables and the strong significance of variables considering the knowledge and familiarity with these ecosystems and the pro-environment commitment, which refers to eudaimonic well-being. These results allow us to discuss the specificities of awareness-raising policies, which imply a rationale for active citizenship.
... Although the pursuit of meaning and the pursuit of pleasure are conceptually aligned (with both contributing to well-being; Kashdan et al., 2008;King et al., 2006;Peterson et al., 2005), researchers have documented key distinctions between the two overarching motivations (King & Hicks, 2021;Mead & Williams, 2022). Recent research demonstrates that when it comes to pursuing meaning in the marketplace (vs. ...
Consumer well-being involves not only the pursuit of pleasure, but also the pursuit of meaning. However, little is known about how people perceive the costs and benefits of meaning- versus pleasure-oriented experiences. We find that compared to pleasure-oriented experiences, people expect meaning-oriented experiences to be more satisfying after meeting a minimum time investment (i.e., the perceived minimum amount of time needed to derive benefits from consumption; study 1). As a consequence, people choose to prolong their exposure to meaningful (vs. pleasurable) experiences following interruptions (study 2). We discuss the implications of minimum time investments for firms’ relationships with consumers and marketing communication design (web appendix).
... There are studies in the literature that found similar results (Atay, 2012;Blanchflower and Oswald, 2004;Capecchi, Iannario, and Simone, 2018;Chen and Short, 2008;Ekici and Koydemir, 2013). In addition, there are studies in the literature that found young individuals more unhappy (Fernández-Ballesteros, Zamarrón and Ruiz, 2001;Peterson, Park, and Seligman, 2005). ...
It is possible to create happy societies with happy individuals. From this point of view, the answer to the question of what can be done to determine the factors affecting the happiness levels of individuals and what can be done to make them happier constitutes the source of motivation for this study. The data set for the study were obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute Life Satisfaction Survey. As a result of the study, it has been determined that sociodemographic, economic, individual, and environmental indicators are effective on the happiness levels of individuals. Through the study, suggestions were presented to policymakers and decision makers to increase the happiness level of individuals.
... It also serves as an indicator of one's life quality and an important parameter to measure people's life quality. Life satisfaction is influenced by personal and social characteristics.In particular, life satisfaction, referring to a holistic evaluation of the person's own life (Pavot and Diener 1993;Peterson et al. 2005), concerns the cognitive component of the subjective well-being. Another commonly used measure for subjective well-being is happiness (Diener 2006), often used interchangeably with life satisfaction. ...
This study aimed to identify the level of fear of Malaysian adults during the COVID-19
pandemic, using the fear of COVID-19 Scale. 840 Malaysian adults were recruited via
convenience sampling through an online platform. Sociodemographic variables and fear of
COvid-19 questionnaires were administered, and correlation coefficients were assessed
followed by logistic multiple regression. Results show that more than half of the respondents
(53.2%) were reported to have high level of fear, with almost half of them (46.8%) at a low
fear level. Generally, the study population had a slightly high fear of Covid-19, with FCV-19S
scores trending slightly high (2.24 ± 0.55). Also, postgraduate students showed higher fear
(2.46 ± 0.57) compared to graduates (2.28 ± 0.52, p < 0.05) and undergraduate (2.18 ± 0.54, p
< 0.001). Additionally, findings indicated greater fear (2.31 ± 0.59, p < 0.05) among male
respondents. People aged 36 to 56 years old (2.43 ± 0.57, p < 0.001) and adults living in rural
areas (2.36 ± 0.56) recorded greater fear. Hence, this finding will facilitate the Malaysian
government to come out with a more comprehensive strategies for the target groups to handle
mental health issues during the season of COVID-19
Aim: The purpose of this research is the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and positive thinking on improving mental health, perfectionism and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in family heads suffering from major depressive disorder. Method: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of the present study included all heads of families suffering from major depressive disorder in Aran and Bidgol cities in 2020, of which 60 people were selected by purposive sampling and in the experimental groups of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness (20 people) and positive thinking. (20 people) and control (20 people) were placed. The data were obtained using Garnevsky et al.'s (2001), Terry-Short et al.'s (1995), and Goldenberg's (1979) mental health questionnaires. Seligman et al.'s (2005) positive thinking skills training protocol and Rebecca's (2009) mindfulness-based cognitive therapy were held weekly for eight sessions. The control group received treatment and was put on a waiting list. In line with inferential analysis, analysis of variance with repeated measurements and SPSS 22 software were used. Result: The results showed that between the two cognitive therapy groups based on mindfulness and positive thinking and the mental health evidence group (P<0.01 and F = 60.48), compromised self-regulation (P < 0.01 and F = 39.40) and uncompromising self-regulation (P < 0.01 and F = 50.99), positive perfectionism (P < 0.01 and F = 8.76) and negative perfectionism (P < 0.01 and F = 27.44), a statistically significant difference There is, and compromised self-regulation in the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy group (P < 0.01) and mental health in the positive thinking group at the end of the post-test was higher than the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that in terms of effectiveness, cognitive therapy training based on mindfulness had the greatest impact on compromised self-regulation and positive thinking on improving mental health.
Objective: The effect of a positive treatment approach on improving sleep and reducing pain in patients with multiple sclerosis. Method: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with pre-test and post-test design. The study population consisted of all patients with multiple sclerosis referred to Multiple Sclerosis Association in Rasht city in 2018. The sample were 24 multiple sclerosis patients which assigned to three group ( experimental and control group) by random sampling. For data gathering used to PETERSBURG Sleep Quality Questionnaire and Pain Management. The experiment groups received 8 sessions of positive psychotherapy and no intervention was done for control group. Findings: Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data Results showed that positive psychotherapy therapy increases quality of sleep and pain management in MS patients (001/0>P). Conclusion: These findings suggest that positive psychotherapy is effective on psychological variables and can be used as complementary therapies in addition to drug therapies for patients with multiple sclerosis.
Population ageing is one of the most defining demographic transitions in the twenty-first century. The current cohorts of older adults are generally more educated, healthier, and have greater longevity than their preceding generations. This shapes them as not only passive beneficiaries but active contributors to societies and their communities [1]. Thus, opportunities to maintain and enliven older adults’ active participation as essential in the promotion of healthy ageing have gained increasing attention and are being addressed within policies and programmes across countries, guided by international charters of global institutions including the recent UN Decade of Healthy Ageing 2021–2030 (hereinafter the Decade plan).
Ulaşım gerek birbiriyle gerekse tarım ve sanayi sektörleriyle yakın derece bağlantılı olması
nedeniyle ülke ekonomisinin motoru konumundadır. Bu noktada ulaştırma; ekonomik, sosyal,
siyasi, askeri, toplumsal ve çevre boyutları olan ve ekonomiye ivme kazandırarak ekonomik
kalkınmanın sağlanmasında kullanılabilen önemli bir araçtır. Ulaştırma sektörünün önemli bir
alt sektörü olan havayolu ulaşımı; faaliyeti yürüten kamu ve özel kurum ve kuruluşlar,
kullanılan yüksek teknoloji ürünü araçlar ve donanım, özel altyapı ve haberleşme sistemleri,
nitelikli insan gücü, hizmet verilen insanlar, ulusal ve uluslararası özelliğe sahip kurallar ve
mevzuat konularının oluşturduğu önemli bir sistemdir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye İstatistik
Kurumu tarafından 2023 yılında yapılan Yaşam Memnuniyeti Araştırması’na katılan 2904
bireyin verisi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada Genelleştirilmiş Sıralı Lojistik Regresyon modeli
kullanılarak Türkiye’de yaşayan bireylerin havayolu ulaşımından memnuniyet düzeylerini
etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örnekleme yöntemi 2 aşamalı
tabakalı küme örneklemesidir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, yaş eğitim düzeyi, çalışılan işteki
durum ve oturulan konutun metre karesi değişkenlerinin anlamlı olduğu bulunmuştur.
Genelleştirilmiş Sıralı Lojistik Regresyon modeline göre, ilkokul mezunu olan bireylerin bir
okul bitirmeyen bireylere göre hava yolu ulaşımından çok memnun/memnun olma olasılığı
%10,8 daha fazladır.
Dilemmas in navigating between various aspects of well-being are common, but remain unexplored in psychological research. In this paper, we introduce a novel method of assessing well-being dilemmas and their dynamics. In five studies run across the United States, Poland and Japan, we studied the dilemma between the pursuit of happiness and the pursuit of meaning. Our findings revealed common trends across three countries and two research designs: while the majority prioritize happiness, a substantial segment of individuals place a higher value on meaning. Furthermore, these preferences are linked to one’s current state of well-being. As individuals attain a baseline level of both happiness and meaning, the emphasis on happiness diminishes. This suggests a hierarchical framework wherein individuals initially seek to fulfil their happiness before turning their attention to meaningful endeavors. We discuss our findings in the context of previous research on subjective well-being in the cultural context.
Positive psychology represents a 21st century movement in psychology. It is a psychology aimed at researching optimal human functioning that empirically studies, first and foremost, the concept of happiness, in addition to life satisfaction, optimism, virtues and suchlike notions, which are used to measure the growth and development of human potential and subjective well-being. This line of conceptualization and research is based on the disease model and opens up new perspectives for both psychology as a science as well as the people it is intended for. This paper elaborates the basic ideas and results of certain explorations relative to positive psychology and positive orientation which comprises optimism, self-esteem and life satisfaction.
Understanding what leads to meaningful experiences in digital games can help researchers and practitioners create more meaningful games and other interactive experiences. Literature on meaning is reviewed from the fields of Positive Psychology, Existential Psychology, and Human-Computer Interaction. An interview and survey mixed-methods study is proposed to identify the factors that contribute to meaningful experiences in digital games. Purposive sampling will be used to recruit participants who have had a meaningful or important experience playing a digital game in the last month. Participants will be interviewed and then fill out the Enjoyment Questionnaire (EQ) and Sources of Enjoyment Questionnaire (SoEQ) to assess that recent meaningful experience. Interviews will be transcribed, and the qualitative data will be analyzed with thematic analysis. This research will advance the study of positive player experiences by helping identify sources of meaning when people play digital games.
The pursuit of well-being goes beyond seeking pleasure and satisfaction. Aristotle's concept of "eudemonia" highlights human flourishing and the development of one's full potential. In psychology, subjective well-being has expanded to include a more holistic understanding of well-being. The Paper builds on Aristotle's ideas and modern positive psychology to define and measure eudaimonic well-being (focusing on living a meaningful life). It explores links to social factors, work-life experiences, health, and future research directions including: socioeconomic inequality, the role of arts and humanities, and ethical entrepreneurship. This paper aims to closely interpret Aristotle's perspective and examine how it aligns or diverges from its use in contemporary psychology, thereby providing a clearer theoretical framework. Eudemonia is discussed as an ethical idea that represents the highest form of living, emerging naturally from human qualities. It's an active pursuit involving subjective experiences and the striving for goals that are inherently valuable for humans. While eudemonia represents a singular approach to life, it encompasses various elements like a sense of belonging, justice, and social harmony. The concept is distinct from mere pleasure-seeking (hedonic) and is about leading a complete life characterized by virtue of excellence. Aristotle viewed it as the ultimate purpose of human existence. Psychological research on eudaimonic well-being encompasses areas such as psychological well-being theory, self-determination theory, and meaning in life. Future research directions in eudaimonic well-being will also be discussed.
İlgili araştırmanın amacı Turizm Rehberliği bölümü öğrencilerinin bireysel
kariyer planlama süreçlerini, beş aşamalı olan bireysel kariyer planlama modeline
göre değerlendirmektir. Kariyer planlamaya ilişkin alanyazın incelendiğinde
ise örgütsel kariyer planlama konularına ağırlık verildiği ve bireylere
yönelik kariyerlerini planlamada katkı sağlayacak araştırma sayısının az olduğu
gözlenmiştir. Araştırmada, kariyer planlamaya bireysel ve davranışsal
yaklaşımlar üzerinde odaklanılarak turizm rehberliği öğrencilerinin bireysel
kariyer planlama sürecini gerçekleştirmeleri ve kariyer kararlarında etkili
olan faktörler de belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden
olan “Ölçüt Örnekleme” aracılığı ile belirlenen sektör tecrübesi olan 4.sınıf
ve turizm lisesi çıkışlı olup daha öncesinde turizm sektöründe çalışma deneyimi
olan 1.sınıf Turizm rehberliği bölümü öğrencileri ile derinlemesine
görüşmeler yapılarak öğrencilerin bireysel kariyer planlama süreçleri değerlendirilmiştir.
Bu sürece ilişkin öğrencilere yöneltilen sorular “Özdeğerleme,
kariyer hedef ve amaçlarının saptanması, örgüt içi/dışı olanakların araştırılarak
kariyer yollarının tespiti, kariyer planlarının hazırlanması ve çalışma
programlarının yapılması ve geribildirime” yöneliktir. Nitel yöntem kapsamında
tümdengelim yaklaşımı ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formları aracılığıyla
elde edilen verilerin analizi sonucunda farklı iki düzeydeki öğrencilerin
bireysel kariyer planlama süreci ile ilgili önemli sonuçlar elde edilmiştir.
Üstelik öğrencilerin Yükseköğretim Kurumları Sınavındaki tercih listeleri
de göz önünde bulundurularak, kariyer planlama süreçlerine ilişkin değerlendirmeler
söz konusu olmuştur.
Background and Aim: Learning disabilities, problems processing information obtained from the surrounding environment, are based on neurological disorders. These processing problems can interfere with learning basic skills such as reading, writing and/or math. The aim of the present study was to Meta-analyze the effectiveness of electrical brain stimulation on the memory of people with learning disabilities. Methods: This research was conducted using the meta-analysis method. The statistical population included all Persian and English researches conducted in the field of effectiveness of brain electrical stimulation intervention on memory improvement of people with learning disabilities. Among them, researches with meta-analysis criteria were reviewed by comprehensive meta-analysis software. Results: These studies were based on 450 samples and 26 effect sizes. The meta-analysis results showed that the effect size of brain electrical stimulation on memory improvement of people with learning disability is d=1.188. This effect size is an acceptable value according to Cohen's table. Conclusion: The results indicate that electrical stimulation of the brain has a great effect on improving the memory of students with learning disabilities; therefore, it was suggested that experts use these interventions to improve the memory of these students. Also, paying attention to the type of learning disorder is important in the effectiveness of the treatment.
Abban a helyzetben, amikor számos országban az idősek száma és aránya egyaránt növekszik (net1), a nyugati társadalmakban feledésbe merülő tradíciókat meghaladva kénytelenek vagyunk egyre tudatosabban fordulni az idősödéshez, a generációk közötti együttműködéshez. Ez a tudatos odafordulás mindannyiunkat érint, időseket és fiatalokat, dédszülőket, nagyszülőket, szülőket és gyermekeiket. Nyitottság és kezdeményezés, tisztelet és tanulás övezheti ezirányú törekvéseinket. A felnőttkori tanulás, a tehetséggondozás és fejlesztés elméleti és gyakorlati megközelítései az akadémiai és alkalmazott pszichológia kezdetektől kutatott területei (bővebben például: Balogh, 1993; Mehrotra és Wagner, 2009; Forrai, és Juhász, 2009/a; D. Molnár, 2010; Fodor és Kovács, 2022). A felnőttkori és időskori tanulás motivációiról (Boga, 2014; Bajusz, 2016; Bene, 2017; Márkus és mtsai., 2021) is egyre többet olvashatunk. Ez a tanulmány elsősorban a tanulás gyakorlati, gerontológiai, azaz kifejezetten az idősödéssel és az időskorral kapcsolatos aspektusait járja körül, előtérbe helyezve a pozitív pszichológia alapvetéseit. Az idősoktatást érintő pozitív pszichológiai munkák már korábban is születtek (például Dench és Regan, 2000; Boga, 2014; Jenkins és Mostafa, 2015; Bene és Kun, 2018), azonban az elméleti kereteket tárgyaló, kifejezetten az időskorúak tanulási lehetőségeire fókuszáló, előremutató diskurzust ezen írás kívánja bevezetni. Ebben a tanulmányban a boldogság és a fejlődő (a képességek és tudás gyarapítására, a fejlődésre nyitott) szemléletmód körüljárását követően a karaktererősségekre fókuszálunk, azon belül is a tanulás szeretetére. Arról lesz szó, hogy a tanulás, a tanulás szeretete és a közösség ereje hogyan támogathatja a pozitívabb időskor megélését. Áttekintjük az időskori tanulási lehetőségek néhány aspektusát és kicsit részletesebben az Idősakadémiák nyújtotta lehetőségeket.
En los últimos años estamos siendo testigos de los cambios que se están produciendo en la sociedad, en general, y en el ámbito
educativo, en particular. En este sentido, desde la Educación
Superior se debe dar respuesta al reto planteado por la Agenda 2030 y contribuir a ofrecer una formación responsable socialmente que atienda a las necesidades actuales del entorno que nos rodea. Por ello, se plantea el Aprendizaje Servicio Solidario (ApS) como herramienta para fomentar el desarrollo académico, social y emocional de los estudiantes. Las titulaciones de Educación son un contexto idóneo para implementar esta metodología. Por ello, se presentan tres proyectos ApS en los Grados y Máster de Educación resaltando como principales fortalezas, la mejora de la motivación y el aprendizaje significativo de los conocimientos, y como limitaciones, la falta de compromiso de algunos estudiantes y el tiempo y esfuerzo que requiere planificar y desarrollar este tipo de proyectos sin los recursos suficientes.
The assessment of mental health and mental disorders has undergone extensive exploration within the field of psychology, resulting in various models and approaches. In addition to traditional ways like the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, psychologists have proposed alternative perspectives for evaluating mental health. One such innovative approach is the psychosocial health model, which defines mental well-being as sexual, emotional, social, environmental, cognitive, religious, moral, and spiritual satisfaction. This paper presents four consecutive studies aimed at developing and validating a new scale, Sukoon Psychosocial Illness Scale (SPIS), to measure psychosocial illness and its sub-factors based on the model of psychosocial health. SPIS was developed and validated through four sequential studies involving 684 participants. Rigorous exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were employed to establish content and construct validity. Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed by examining associations with psychological distress and overall psychosocial health. Reliability was evaluated using internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and item-total and item-scale correlations. The results of the study confirm the high reliability and validity of SPIS. This refined instrument consists of 21 items presented in English, employing a 7-point Likert scale for responses. The scale comprises six distinct sub-scales, namely emotional problems, sexual problems, religious and moral problems, social problems, spiritual problems, and professional problems. SPIS emerges as a promising tool for future researchers and clinicians, offering a fresh perspective on mental disorders through the comprehensive lens of psychosocial health. This instrument contributes to the evolving landscape of mental health assessment and underscores the importance of considering diverse dimensions for a holistic understanding of psychosocial well-being.
The number of Chilean workers affected by psychological distress at work has been increasing during the last few years. Consequently, much research has been focused on explaining this phenomenon. Furthermore, the relationship with life satisfaction has been studied. However, the emergence of life satisfaction and psychological distress and its relationship among Chilean street-market workers have yet to be deeply studied. Notwithstanding, this group of workers is relevant to the local economy; they are informal workers with high levels of vulnerability. The primary purpose of this research is to determine the levels of life satisfaction and psychological distress and their relationship in a sample of street-market workers in Arica, north of Chile. An exploratory study with a cross-sectional design explored the relationship between the variables of interest in a sample of 189 street-market workers. The research results showed that these workers' life satisfaction and psychological distress are worse than other kinds of workers reported in previous research. This sample has a negative relationship between life satisfaction and psychological distress. Furthermore, differences were identified between female and male street-market workers. These results are promising to develop future research and effectively help street-market workers face psychological distress.
3D of Happiness shows that the failure in finding happiness in modern times is largely due to the mistake of limiting the search for happiness to the hedonic (pleasure) dimension. It delves into the meaning and spiritual dimensions of happiness in order to help individuals increase their levels of happiness.
3D of Happiness covers a personal and scientific journey of searching for happiness through pleasure, meaning, and spirituality. It is the story of a former shepherd, Necati Aydin, who was at the bottom 1% of the world’s population, living in complete poverty and deprivation. He managed to acquire two PhDs and climbed to the top 1% in terms of possessions and position. Nonetheless, he failed to achieve happiness along the way. In 3D of Happiness, Necati shares his journey of having, doing, and being which turned out to be a cycle of deprivation, emulation, accomplishment, and disappointment. He reveals his success in finally finding happiness through a converging path of science, philosophy, and spirituality.
This study aimed to analyze the impact of social support and self-compassion on students' happiness during a pandemic. This study used a quantitative approach with multiple regression analysis. The sample was taken using the non-probability sampling method (purposive sampling), consisting of 213 students living in JABODETABEK. The scales used to measure the variables in this study are the Orientation to Happiness Scale, the Personal Support Evaluation List (ISEL), and the Indonesian version of the Self-Empathy Scale (SWD). Based on the results of this study, social support, and self-compassion influence happiness by 27.4%. In addition, based on the results of this study of seven variables, four significantly impact happiness, namely evaluation of support, concrete support, self-kindness, and common humanity. This research contributed to the Positive Psychology field and gave parents and teachers feedback on supporting student happiness.
En la investigación de Ovejero y Cardenal (2015) que nos ocupa, se busca conocer las fortalezas humanas desde una perspectiva de género. El estudio de las Fortalezas Humanas es algo que la psicología tradicional no había tomado en cuenta hasta que las investigaciones de Seligman y Peterson (2004) realizadas en diferentes culturas con tradiciones religiosas y formas de vida muy singulares, dieron oportunidad de clasificar y definir 24 Fortalezas Humanas, que son valoradas en todas las tradiciones, y que hacen que la vida valga la pena de vivirse. Ovejero y Cardenal (2015) en su artículo añaden la visión de género, una forma de mirar la realidad bastante actualizada, que permite ampliar además, el uso de métodos cualitativos.
Bu araştırma, üniversite öğrencilerinde affediciliğin pozitif düşünme ve yaşam doyumu üzerindeki etkisinin tespit edilmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada, veri toplamak için bazı ölçekler uygulanmıştır. Bu ölçekler: Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ile “Heartland Affetme Ölçeği”, “Pozitif-Negatif Duygu Ölçeği” ve “Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği” dir. Araştırmada toplam 385 üniversite öğrencisinden elde edilen veriler SPSS 25 paket programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonucunda, affetme toplam puanının pozitif ve negatif duygu ile yaşam doyum düzeyini anlamlı yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada ayrıca, kendini affetme ve başkalarını affetme alt boyutlarının yaşam doyum düzeyini etkilediği, durumları affetme alt boyutunun ise yaşam doyum düzeyini etkilemediği tespit edilmiştir.
Personal Projects Analysis (B. R. Little, 1983) was adapted to examine relations between participants’ appraisals of their goal characteristics and orthogonal happiness and meaning factors that emerged from factor analyses of diverse well-being measures. In two studies with 146 and 179 university students, goal efficacy was associated with happiness and goal integrity was associated with meaning. A new technique for classifying participants according to emergent identity themes is introduced. In both studies, identity-compensatory predictors of happiness were apparent. Agentic participants were happiest if their goals were supported by others, communal participants were happiest if their goals were fun, and hedonistic participants were happiest if their goals were being accomplished. The distinction between happiness and meaning is emphasized, and the tension between efficacy and integrity is discussed. Developmental implications are discussed with reference to results from archival data from a sample of senior managers.
This study investigated the factor structure of 18 scales that measure personal growth, subjective well-being, stress-resistant personality, self-deceptive positivity, and demographics. The sample of 338 persons was drawn from university students and community residents. A principal-components analysis with oblique rotation found a large factor for measures of subjective well-being as well as smaller factors for measures of personal growth, gender and age, and personality integration and education. Results provided support for the hypothesis that subjective well-being and personal growth are related, but not identical, constructs. Implications are discussed.
Biological and cultural inheritance deeply influence daily human behavior. However, individuals actively interact with bio-cultural information. Throughout their lives, they preferentially cultivate a limited subset of activities, values, and personal interests. This process, defined as psychological selection, is strictly related to the quality of subjective experience. Specifically, cross-cultural studies have highlighted the central role played by optimal experience or flow, the most positive and complex daily experience reported by the participants. It is characterized by high involvement, deep concentration, intrinsic motivation, and the perception of high challenges matched by adequate personal skills. The associated activities represent the basic units of psychological selection. Flow can therefore influence the selective transmission of bio-cultural information and the process of bio-cultural evolution.
In this article, the author describes a new theoretical perspective on positive emotions and situates this new perspective within the emerging field of positive psychology. The broaden-and-build theory posits that experiences of positive emotions broaden people's momentary thought-action repertoires, which in turn serves to build their enduring personal resources, ranging from physical and intellectual resources to social and psychological resources. Preliminary empirical evidence supporting the broaden-and-build theory is reviewed, and open empirical questions that remain to be tested are identified. The theory and findings suggest that the capacity to experience positive emotions may be a fundamental human strength central to the study of human flourishing.
The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) was developed to assess satisfaction with the respondent’s life as a whole. The scale does not assess satisfaction with life domains such as health or finances but allows subjects to integrate and weight these domains in whatever way they choose. Normative data are presented for the scale, which shows good convergent validity with other scales and with other types of assessments of subjective well-being. Life satisfaction as assessed by the SWLS shows a degree of temporal stability (e.g., 54 for 4 years), yet the SWLS has shown sufficient sensitivity to be potentially valuable to detect change in life satisfaction during the course of clinical intervention. Further, the scale shows discriminant validity from emotional well-being measures. The SWLS is recommended as a complement to scales that focus on psychopathology or emotional well-being because it assesses an individuals’ conscious evaluative judgment of his or her life by using the person’s own criteria.
Reviews the literature since 1967 on subjective well-being (SWB [including happiness, life satisfaction, and positive affect]) in 3 areas: measurement, causal factors, and theory. Most measures of SWB correlate moderately with each other and have adequate temporal reliability and internal consistency; the global concept of happiness is being replaced with more specific and well-defined concepts, and measuring instruments are being developed with theoretical advances; multi-item scales are promising but need adequate testing. SWB is probably determined by a large number of factors that can be conceptualized at several levels of analysis, and it may be unrealistic to hope that a few variables will be of overwhelming importance. Several psychological theories related to happiness have been proposed; they include telic, pleasure and pain, activity, top–down vs bottom–up, associanistic, and judgment theories. It is suggested that there is a great need to more closely connect theory and research. (7 p ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)
This study investigated 3 broad classes of individual-differences variables (job-search motives, competencies, and constraints) as predictors of job-search intensity among 292 unemployed job seekers. Also assessed was the relationship between job-search intensity and reemployment success in a longitudinal context. Results show significant relationships between the predictors employment commitment, financial hardship, job-search self-efficacy, and motivation control and the outcome job-search intensity. Support was not found for a relationship between perceived job-search constraints and job-search intensity. Motivation control was highlighted as the only lagged predictor of job-search intensity over time for those who were continuously unemployed. Job-search intensity predicted Time 2 reemployment status for the sample as a whole, but not reemployment quality for those who found jobs over the study's duration. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Aristotle's concept of eudaimonia and hedonic enjoyment constitute 2 philosophical conceptions of happiness. Two studies involving combined samples of undergraduate and graduate students (Study 1,
n = 209; Study 2,
n = 249) were undertaken to identify the convergent and divergent aspects of these constructs. As expected, there was a strong positive correlation between personal expressiveness (eudaimonia) and hedonic enjoyment. Analyses revealed significant differences between the 2 conceptions of happiness experienced in conjunction with activities for the variables of (1) opportunities for satisfaction, (2) strength of cognitive-affective components, (3) level of challenges, (4) level of skills, and (5) importance. It thus appears that the 2 conceptions of happiness are related but distinguishable and that personal expressiveness, but not hedonic enjoyment, is a signifier of success in the process of self-realization. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Ever since systematic thought has been recorded, the question of what makes men and women happy has been of central concern. Answers to this question have ranged from the materialist extreme of searching for happiness in external conditions to the spiritual extreme claiming that happiness is the result of a mental attitude. Psychologists have recently rediscovered this topic. Research supports both the materialist and the mentalist positions, although the latter produces the stronger findings. The article focuses in particular on one dimension of happiness: the flow experience, or the state of total involvement in an activity that requires complete concentration. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
This research investigates people's preferences for temporally separating or combining emotionally impactful events. For instance, do people prefer to experience 2 negative events (e.g., manuscript rejections) on the same day or on different days? Do people prefer to experience 2 positive events (e.g., manuscript acceptances) on the same or different days? This article proposes a renewable resources model that combines elements of decision-making models (prospect theory) with the notion that people possess limited but renewable physiological, cognitive, and social resources for dealing with emotionally impactful events. As predicted, Ss preferred to separate 2 positive events (the gain-savoring hypothesis), to separate 2 negative events (the multiple-loss-avoidance hypothesis), and to combine a positive and a negative event (the loss-buffering hypothesis). Ss displayed identical preferences for events from the academic, financial, and social domains.
A model of positive psychological functioning that emerges from diverse domains of theory and philosophy is presented. Six key dimensions of wellness are defined, and empirical research summarizing their empirical translation and sociodemographic correlates is presented. Variations in well-being are explored via studies of discrete life events and enduring human experiences. Life histories of the psychologically vulnerable and resilient, defined via the cross-classification of depression and well-being, are summarized. Implications of the focus on positive functioning for research on psychotherapy, quality of life, and mind/body linkages are reviewed.
Two studies examined folk concepts of the good life. Samples of college students (N = 104) and community adults (N = 264) were shown a career survey ostensibly completed by a person rating his or her occupation. After reading the survey, participants judged the desirability and moral goodness of the respondent's life, as a function of the amount of happiness, meaning in life, and wealth experienced. Results revealed significant effects of happiness and meaning on ratings of desirability and moral goodness. In the college sample, individuals high on all 3 independent variables were judged as likely to go to heaven. In the adult sample, wealth was also related to higher desirability. Results suggest a general perception that meaning in life and happiness are essential to the folk concept of the good life, whereas money is relatively unimportant.
Well-being is a complex construct that concerns optimal experience and functioning. Current research on well-being has been derived from two general perspectives: the hedonic approach, which focuses on happiness and defines well-being in terms of pleasure attainment and pain avoidance; and the eudaimonic approach, which focuses on meaning and self-realization and defines well-being in terms of the degree to which a person is fully functioning. These two views have given rise to different research foci and a body of knowledge that is in some areas divergent and in others complementary. New methodological developments concerning multilevel modeling and construct comparisons are also allowing researchers to formulate new questions for the field. This review considers research from both perspectives concerning the nature of well-being, its antecedents, and its stability across time and culture.
A science of positive subjective experience, positive individual traits, and positive institutions promises to improve quality of life and prevent the pathologies that arise when life is barren and meaningless. The exclusive focus on pathology that has dominated so much of our discipline results in a model of the human being lacking the positive features that make life worth living. Hope, wisdom, creativity, future mindedness, courage, spirituality, responsibility, and perseverance are ignored or explained as transformations of more authentic negative impulses. The 15 articles in this millennial issue of the American Psychologist discuss such issues as what enables happiness, the effects of autonomy and self-regulation, how optimism and hope affect health, what constitutes wisdom, and how talent and creativity come to fruition. The authors outline a framework for a science of positive psychology, point to gaps in our knowledge, and predict that the next century will see a science and profession that will come to understand and build the factors that allow individuals, communities, and societies to flourish.
Advantages and disadvantages of Web and lab research are reviewed. Via the World Wide Web, one can efficiently recruit large, heterogeneous samples quickly, recruit specialized samples (people with rare characteristics), and standardize procedures, making studies easy to replicate. Alternative programming techniques (procedures for data collection) are compared, including client-side as opposed to server-side programming. Web studies have methodological problems; for example, higher rates of drop out and of repeated participation. Web studies must be thoroughly analyzed and tested before launching on-line. Many studies compared data obtained in Web versus lab. These two methods usually reach the same conclusions; however, there are significant differences between college students tested in the lab and people recruited and tested via the Internet. Reasons that Web researchers are enthusiastic about the potential of the new methods are discussed.
As the Internet has changed communication, commerce, and the distribution of information, so too it is changing psychological research. Psychologists can observe new or rare phenomena online and can do research on traditional psychological topics more efficiently, enabling them to expand the scale and scope of their research. Yet these opportunities entail risk both to research quality and to human subjects. Internet research is inherently no more risky than traditional observational, survey, or experimental methods. Yet the risks and safeguards against them will differ from those characterizing traditional research and will themselves change over time. This article describes some benefits and challenges of conducting psychological research via the Internet and offers recommendations to both researchers and institutional review boards for dealing with them. ((c) 2004 APA, all rights reserved)
This article reports the development and validation of a scale to measure global life satisfaction, the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Among the various components of subjective well-being, the SWLS is narrowly focused to assess global life satisfaction and does not tap related constructs such as positive affect or loneliness. The SWLS is shown to have favorable psychometric properties, including high internal consistency and high temporal reliability. Scores on the SWLS correlate moderately to highly with other measures of subjective well-being, and correlate predictably with specific personality characteristics. It is noted that the SWLS is Suited for use with different age groups, and other potential uses of the scale are discussed.
A thorough and up-to-date guide to putting positive psychology into practice From the Foreword: "This volume is the cutting edge of positive psychology and the emblem of its future." -Martin E. P. Seligman, Ph.D., Fox Leadership Professor of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, and author of Authentic Happiness Positive psychology is an exciting new orientation in the field, going beyond psychology's traditional focus on illness and pathology to look at areas like well-being and fulfillment. While the larger question of optimal human functioning is hardly new - Aristotle addressed it in his treatises on eudaimonia - positive psychology offers a common language on this subject to professionals working in a variety of subdisciplines and practices. Applicable in many settings and relevant for individuals, groups, organizations, communities, and societies, positive psychology is a genuinely integrative approach to professional practice. Positive Psychology in Practice fills the need for a broad, comprehensive, and state-of-the-art reference for this burgeoning new perspective. Cutting across traditional lines of thinking in psychology, this resource bridges theory, research, and applications to offer valuable information to a wide range of professionals and students in the social and behavioral sciences. A group of major international contributors covers: The applied positive psychology perspective Historical and philosophical foundations Values and choices in pursuit of the good life Lifestyle practices for health and well-being Methods and processes for teaching and learning Positive psychology at work.
A flood of new studies explores people's subjective well-being (SWB) Frequent positive affect, infrequent negative affect, and a global sense of satisfaction with life define high SWB These studies reveal that happiness and life satisfaction are similarly available to the young and the old, women and men, blacks and whites, the rich and the working-class Better clues to well-being come from knowing about a person's traits, close relationships, work experiences, culture, and religiosity We present the elements of an appraisal-based theory of happiness that recognizes the importance of adaptation, cultural world-view, and personal goals
Myers and Diener (1995) asked “Who is happy?” but examined the question of who is more and who is less happy In fact, most people report a positive level of subjective well-being (SWB), and say that they are satisfied with domains such as marriage, work, and leisure People in disadvantaged groups on average report positive well-being, and measurement methods in addition to self-report indicate that most people's affect is primarily pleasant Cross-national data suggest that there is a positive level of SWB throughout the world, with the possible exception of very poor societies In 86% of the 43 nations for which nationally representative samples are available the mean SWB response was above neutral Several hypotheses to explain the positive levels of SWB are discussed
Pleasures of the mind are different from pleasures of the body. There are two types of pleasures of the body: tonic pleasures and relief pleasures. Pleasures of the body are given by the contact senses and by the distance senses (seeing and hearing). The distance senses provide a special category of pleasure. Pleasures of the mind are not emotions; they are collections of emotions distributed over time. Some distributions of emotions over time are particularly pleasurable, such as episodes in which the peak emotion is strong and the final emotion is positive. The idea that all pleasurable stimuli share some general characteristic should be supplanted by the idea that humans have evolved domain-specific responses of attraction to stimuli. The emotions that characterize pleasures of the mind arise when expectations are violated, causing autonomic nervous system arousal and thereby triggering a search for an interpretation. Thus pleasures of the mind occur when an individual has a definite set of expectations (usually tacit) and the wherewithal to interpret the violation (usually by placing it in a narrative framework). Pleasures of the mind differ in the objects of the emotions they comprise. There is probably a
Subjective well-being (SWB) comprises people's longer-term levels of pleasant affect, lack of unpleasant affect, and life satisfaction. It displays moderately high levels of cross-situational consistency and temporal stability. Self-report measures of SWB show adequate validity, reliability, factor invariance, and sensitivity to change. Despite the success of the measures to date, more sophisticated approaches to defining and measuring SWB are now possible. Affect includes facial, physiological, motivational, behavioral, and cognitive components. Self-reports assess primarily the cognitive component of affect, and thus are unlikely to yield a complete picture of respondents' emotional lives. For example, denial may influence self-reports of SWB more than other components. Additionally, emotions are responses which vary on a number of dimensions such as intensity, suggesting that mean levels of affect as captured by existing measures do not give a complete account of SWB. Advances in cognitive psychology indicate that differences in memory retrieval, mood as information, and scaling processes can influence self-reports of SWB. Finally, theories of communication alert us to the types of information that are likely to be given in self-reports of SWB. These advances from psychology suggest that a multimethod approach to assessing SWB will create a more comprehensive depiction of the phenomenon. Not only will a multifaceted test battery yield more credible data, but inconsistencies between various measurement methods and between the various components of well-being will both help us better understand SWB indictors and group differences in well-being. Knowledge of cognition, personality, and emotion will also aid in the development of sophisticated theoretical definitions of subjective well-being. For example, life satisfaction is theorized to be a judgment that respondents construct based on currently salient information. Finally, it is concluded that measuring negative reactions such as depression or anxiety give an incomplete picture of people's well-being, and that it is imperative to measure life satisfaction and positive emotions as well.
Self-determination theory (SDT) maintains that an understanding of human motivation requires a consideration of innate psychological needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. We discuss the SDT concept of needs as it relates to previous need theories, emphasizing that needs specify the necessary conditions for psychological growth, integrity, and well-being. This concept of needs leads to the hypotheses that different regulatory processes underlying goal pursuits are differentially associated with effective functioning and well-being and also that different goal contents have different relations to the quality of behavior and mental health, specifically because different regulatory processes and different goal contents are associated with differing degrees of need satisfaction. Social contexts and individual differences that support satisfaction of the basic needs facilitate natural growth processes including intrinsically motivated behavior and integration of extrinsic motivations, whereas those that forestall autonomy, competence, or relatedness are associated with poorer motivation, performance, and well-being. We also discuss the relation of the psychological needs to cultural values, evolutionary processes, and other contemporary motivation theories.
A sample of 222 undergraduates was screened for high happiness using multiple confirming assessment filters. We compared the upper 10% of consistently very happy people with average and very unhappy people. The very happy people were highly social, and had stronger romantic and other social relationships than less happy groups. They were more extraverted, more agreeable, and less neurotic, and scored lower on several psychopathology scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Compared with the less happy groups, the happiest respondents did not exercise significantly more, participate in religious activities significantly more, or experience more objectively defined good events. No variable was sufficient for happiness, but good social relations were necessary. Members of the happiest group experienced positive, but not ecstatic, feelings most of the time, and they reported occasional negative moods. This suggests that very happy people do have a functioning emotion system that can react appropriately to life events.
The UCLA Internet report: surveying the digital future-year-three. University of California Regents
- H Lebo
Client-centered therapy: its current practice, implications, and theory
- C R Rogers
- CR Rogers
Who’s not online: 57% of those without Internet access say they do not plan to log on
- A Lenhart
Hedonistic theories from Aristippus to Spencer
- J Watson