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Effects of sown grass mulch on soil fertility and tree growth of young longan orchard
... Duan Shunshan et al [4] reported that the total soil N increased by 25.53% after intercropping Lychee with Columnaris for 3a. Chen Qingxi et al. [5] concluded that total N and quick-acting nitrogen in the soil increased by 17.4%-27.5% and 189.3%-217.1%, respectively, compared with the pregrassing period. ...
With the continuous expansion of the area of orchards, there are many ways of soil management among orchards. Orchard main line used at home and abroad are covered with grass cultivation, stubble cover, natural grass, fruit intercropping. Different management methods have a great influence on soil nutrient status, root distribution of fruit trees, leaf nutrient yield and fruit quality. In this paper, the main 4 management methods of orchards at home and abroad are summarized: different soil management methods have different effects on soil Nutrients, fruit trees have different effects. This paper analyzes some problems existing in these four kinds of soil management methods and puts forward the problems that need to be solved in the future so as to provide a theoretical basis for exploring suitable soil management methods in orchard of our country.
Ground white clover (Trifolium repens Linn.) planting (CM), plastic film mulching (FM), and straw mulching (SM) were applied to an 8-year-old eucommia (Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.) forest to study the effects of these ground coverings on light energy distribution within the forest canopy. The forest none ground mulching (NM) was used as a control. Total radiation in the middle part of the forest canopy decreased by 18.8%, 20.0%, 17.1%, and 17.1% for the treatments of CF, FM, SM, and NM respectively compared with those in the upper part of the forest canopy with the same mulching treatments. There were relatively large differences among the amounts of ground-reflected radiation received by the lower part of the forest canopy with different coverings; the ground-reflected radiation received by the lower part of the forest canopy with CM, FM, and SM increased by 42. 8%, 56. 4%, and 8. 1% respectively, compared with the control. The amounts of ground-reflected radiation received by the middle canopy were markedly lower than those received by the lower part of the forest canopy with these coverings. The net radiant energy in the middle forest canopy with CM, FM, and SM increased by 14.4%, 18.5%, and 5.6% respectively, compared with that in the lower part of the forest canopy without any covering. The net radiation distribution in the forest canopy with different coverings appeared to vary identically, and the net radiant energy values appeared to increase exponentially from the lower part to the upper part of the forest canopy. Our results showed that CM as an agricultural practice in orchards was the best ground cover than other two and had high potentials developed for non-timber forests in the Qinling Mountains.
Grass growing in orchard is implemented in most fruit cultivation advanced countries, but only China carries out grass weeding. To effectively resolve the puzzle on harmful or beneficial effect on fruit production imparted by grass growing, and promote grass growing management in orchard in China, more and more domestic research was reported in recent years. Combined the results of our research and domestic related research, we reviewed the latest research progress about the effect of growing grass on soil, microclimate, fruit tree diseases and insect pests, tree growth and fruit quality, etc. in this paper. We pointed out that grass growing in orchard must consider the local conditions, economic efficiency, the critical period, and the supporting technique. ©, 2015, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology. All right reserved.
Aromatic plants can substantially improve the diversity and structure of arthropod communities, as well as reduce the number of herbivore pests and regulate the abundance of predators and parasitoids. However, it is not clear whether aromatic plants are also effective in improving soil quality by enhancing nutrient cycling. Here, field experiments are described involving intercropping with aromatic plants to investigate their effect on soil nitrogen (N) cycling in an orchard ecosystem. The results indicate that the soil organic nitrogen and available nitrogen contents increased significantly in soils intercropped with aromatic plants. Similarly, the activities of soil protease and urease increased, together with total microbial biomass involved in N cycling, including nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and azotobacters, as well as the total numbers of bacteria and fungi. This suggests that aromatic plants improve soil N cycling and nutrient levels by enriching the soil in organic matter through the regulation of both the abundance and community structure of microorganisms, together with associated soil enzyme activity, in orchard ecosystems.
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