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Eco-efficiency of car-sharing at risk?
... Les implications observées autour des services d'autopartage portent sur le besoin de voiture personnelle (Behrendt et al., 2003), sur la baisse d'occupation des stationnements et des garages, le même véhicule étant utilisé par un plus grand nombre de personnes (Muheim, 1998;Meijkamp, 2000) et sur la réduction du nombre de kilomètres parcourus par les clients des services payants de mobilité partagée, le prix sensibilisant au coût global des trajets automobiles (Meijkamp, 2000;Behrendt et al., 2003). Cela étant, il a pu être remarqué que l'usage des services d'autopartage n'entraînait pas systématiquement une diminution du nombre de voitures possédées par les ménages, ces derniers pouvant l'utiliser comme une option supplémentaire pour les déplacements automobiles, limitant l'éco-efficience de cette modalité alternative (Wilke et Bongardt, 2005). Un tel bilan souligne l'intérêt environnemental des réseaux intelligents au service de l'électro-mobilité partagée où Vers une énergie intelligente pour la mobilité universitaire? ...
During the World Symposium on Sustainable Development at Universities (WSSD-U-2012), the establishments of higher education have been required to accompany the environmental changes of society. The paper questions their role in the energy transition of territories by analyzing how universities participate in the projects of smart grids in connection to electric mobility. The aim is to look at the facts and to test the promises of a radical change by improving cognition thanks to these new information and communication technologies. From an international and local analysis, the “smart ontology” is revisited on the university ground. A state of international diffusion and a review of scientific literature open the discussions on the concept of “breakthrough innovation” such as it is associated with the introduction of smart technologies into the energy field. The case of action research “Smart Campus” puts into perspective the enchanted explanations of successful innovation.
... As regards the latter effect, floating car services use efficiently urban space, because there is not a space assigned once for all to the car sharing system. More in general, some authors, for instance [19], challenge the guaranteed sustainability of car sharing services. The challenge is to integrate the car sharing service as one element of a multi-modal transport system, and not reproduce or incentive the dominant mode of private passenger car transport [20]. ...
In recent years, the issue of vehicle road sharing has attracted growing attention from both researchers and operators, as a potential instrument to improve the sustainability of urban mobility or transport systems. Beside the general concept, different operational models, managerial and technological solutions have been developed, leading to a high diversification of possible vehicle sharing configurations. This heterogeneity entails a considerable complexity of the service design phase, though few academic contributions tackled this specific problem and most of the papers focused on the dynamics of adoption and use of the service itself. To fill such a gap, this paper aims to present the approach followed in the design phase of an electric vehicle sharing service for the city of Milano. The methodology adopted in this work is based on the idea that a vehicle sharing service needs to be configured to answer to specific mobility needs coherently with the characteristics of target customers. To explain this idea the methodology was articulated into four steps, which are reported in detail in this study: (i) mapping of mobility profiles and service performances, (ii) competitive analysis, (iii) development of the service configurations and (iv) development of the evaluation model.
Free-floating carsharing-systems allowing users to start and end vehicle-rentals at any point in cities (e.g. using smartphones to locate available cars) are expanding internationally. This article reports on the private car reduction potential of car2go, the first free-floating carsharing-system, which was launched in Germany in 2009. A randomised controlled trial of different electrification-scenarios was incorporated into an online survey of car2go-users. The results indicated that the shown electrification-scenario (e.g. regional vs. green electricity) influenced the respondents' car reduction willingness. An additional split-sample comparison of users having previously driven electric vs. gasoline car2go-cars showed that having driven an electric-car2go increased the willingness to forgo a private car purchase. Policymakers and carsharing-providers could use the findings to increase the environmental gains achieved by carsharing-systems.
The purpose of this paper is the discussion of the environmental effects of a free-floating car-sharing system operating in Ulm, Germany. The system, called car2go, allows users to take and leave vehicles at any point within the city limits. Thus opposed to traditional car-sharing, there are no fixed stations and in particular one-way trips of any length are possible without a booking requirement. Since this is the first free-floating system in operation, there is as yet no associated empirical research. Based on primary data from a survey, a model was developed to forecast the environmental impact of car2go. The prognosis considers the period of five years after the launch of car2go in 2009 and indicates a CO2-reduction per average car2go-user. In addition, more than a quarter of the survey respondents stated that they may forgo a car purchase if car2go was offered permanently. By reaching a greater share of citizens than traditional systems, the results indicate that free-floating car-sharing systems could contribute to reducing private vehicle ownership in cities.
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