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GUB JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, VOLUME 2, ISSUE 1, JANUARY 201 5
GUBJSE: ISSN: 2409-0476
18
Green University Press
Abstract—In this paper, a comparative analysis of
Power Factor Improvement (PFI) of three phase boost
rectifier is simulated using PSpice software. The
proposed model is compared with the conventional
model and the results shows that a great improvement
is achieved in the power factor by reducing the total
harmonic distortion (THD) using active switching and
passive filters. The PFI improvement is accomplished
by using pulse width modulation (PWM) technique
and passive filters and also an Electro Magnetic
Interference (EMI) filter is used to suppress the high
frequency component generated by the boost
converter. After that a series LC resonating filter is
used to suppress the low frequency current
components, which made the THD less than three
percent and provides unity power factor. The
efficiency of the circuit is also studied. The efficiency
versus duty cycle, THD versus duty cycle and output
voltage versus duty cycle curve for the proposed
converter is given for a clear understanding of the
improvement of the model.
Index Terms—Boost Rectifier, Electro Magnetic
Interference, Power Factor, Pulse Width Modulation.
I. INTRODUCTION
n the recent years, some new techniques have
been used for improving the power factor (PF) of
three phase boost converters. Prasad introduce in
a dc-dc boost topology [1] with a three phase rectifier
with three boost inductor at the ac side. The circuit
draws a high-quality current from the ac source and
almost unity PF but for high power application the
boost converter stands as a challenging design
problem. Other proposals gives some special
1
This paper was received on 10 September 2014, revised on 14
October 2014 and accepted on 25 January 2015.
Ahmed Al Mansur is with the Department of Electrical and
Electronic Engineering (EEE), Green University of Bangladesh,
Dhaka, Bangladesh, E-mail: mansur.eee@green.edu.bd.
Faisal Ahamed, is with the Department of EEE, Prime
University, Dhaka, E-mail: ahamed.faisal@yahoo.com.
Abdullah-Al Murad, is with the Department of EEE, Prime
University, Dhaka, E-mail: muradkeee@gmail.com.
Ayesha Yeasmin, is with the Department of EEE, Prime
University, Dhaka, E-mail: ayesha.eee@gmail.com.
Dr. Kazi Khairul Islam, Professor, Department of EEE, Islamic
University of Technology (IUT),OIC, Gazipur, Dhaka, Bangladesh,
E-mail: kkislam@iut-dhaka.edu.
magnetic devices to get a high PF without active
switches, as the circuit presented by Kim [2], uses line
inter-phase transformers [3]–[4], where the cost,
volume, weight, and additional power losses on the
magnetic components withstand as a major limitation
[5]. On the other hand, the circuit proposed in [6]
makes use of three low power bidirectional switches,
each gated on at the line frequency at the instant when
the input ac voltage crosses zero. The main features of
the circuits are low cost, simplicity, and high
efficiency and is particularly appropriate for high-
power application. However, that converter requires a
connection to the neutral wire of the ac system, and
due to that connection a pulsed current is present on
the neutral. It was also noticed in the circuit of [7] that
the energy stored at the input inductors is responsible
for building up high voltage stresses across the
switches during the turn-off commutation. Recently
works have been proposed on switching regulators
with single phase or three phase diode bridge rectifier
between sources and loads [8]-[11]. But non
sinusoidal input current, high harmonic distortion, low
power factor, large ripple and lower efficiency are the
major drawbacks of these regulators [12]. The
problem can be solved by adding filter in input and
output side of regulators. Some regulators have been
developed recently with input and output filter which
provides power factor near to unity at reduced THD
[13-14]. But their sizes are the main advantages. To
combats such problems, in this paper a Boost
regulator has been analyzed with a three phase diode
bridge rectifier. It is possible to improve power factor
by this arrangement. Boost also offers large variation
of output voltage with small variation of duty cycle.
The objective of this work is to improve power factor
keeping input current sinusoidal with low THD.
II. PFI ANALYSIS OF BOOST RECTIFIER
In this paper a Boost regulator has been analyzed
with a three phase diode bridge rectifier for the
purpose of power factor improvement because at
present it is one of the most important research topics
in power electronics. So at first a boost converter is
attached to a three phase rectifier with a resistive load
than the rectifier is fed from a three phase ac supply
lines having constant amplitude at 50Hz frequency.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POWER FACTOR
IMPROVEMENT OF A THREE PHASE BOOST RECTIFIER
Ahmed Al Mansur1, Faisal Ahamed, Abdullah-Al Murad, Ayesha Yeasmin and Kazi Khairul Islam
I
GUB JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, VOLUME 2, ISSUE 1, JANUARY 201 5
Green University Press
19
After that a control circuit has made for generated a
switching voltage of limited amplitude which is
applied to turn on/off the switching element with low
switching stress. The pulse width modulation (PWM)
technique has been implemented to generate
switching pulses comparing a dc reference voltage
with a carrier saw tooth wave. PWM technique is used
for its simplicity and low cost. Finally the following
analysis has been done to achieve the required results.
A. Three Phase Boost Rectifier without EMI Filter
A single switch Boost converter with three phase
diode bridge rectifier is analyzed without any input
side filter. The circuit diagram of the rectifier with
PWM control circuit is shown in Fig. 1. Here the
boost rectifier is controlled by a PWM circuit .The
diode of each phase conducts sequentially through
highest positive input phase voltage. The input current
and output voltage wave shapes are shown in Fig. 2
and Fig. 3. Where the input currents are non-
sinusoidal and totally distorted because of high
frequency switching but the amplitude of the average
output voltage is sufficiently large enough for a
resistive load.
Fig. 1 Three Phase boost rectifier with PWM circuit
TABLE I
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A THREE PHASE BOOST RECTIFIER
Duty
Cycle
(D)
THD
%
Power
Factor
(PF)
Iin
(peak)
amp
Vout
(dc)
volt
Efficiency
η (%)
0.2
32.91
0.545
49.49
800
48.08
0.3
39.81
0.621
40.21
890
88.53
0.4
49.03
0.702
37.35
1000
98.54
0.5
55.0
0.767
29.69
900
98.86
0. 6
57.49
0.869
22.62
780
97.23
0.7
59.03
0.841
17.15
700
99.06
0.8
62.05
0.903
12.72
600
98.41
0.5
63.92
0.86
11.45
560
100
0.9
59.39
0.847
11.17
550
100
0.95
71.35
0.819
10.46
520
100
Fig. 2 Input side current of the boost rectifier without EMI filter
Fig. 3 Output voltage of the boost rectifier without EMI filter
The simulated results are shown in Table 1. From
the above analysis, it is seen that input current and
output voltage are highly distorted. For high
frequency switching action output voltage ripple
increases with variation of duty cycle which is
represented as current harmonics in input size. The
input current is observed highly distorted and non-
sinusoidal in nature with low power factor. The THD
is calculated directly using the Fast Fourier Transform
(FFT) command in PSpice. The maximum value of
THD is found to be 71.35% and PF is 81% which is
not acceptable. Filtering is required to improve the
input current to make sinusoidal by reducing the
harmonics components and to get unity the power
factor.
B. Three Phase Boost Rectifier with EMI Filter
Fig. 4 Boost Rectifier with EMI filter and Switching
A passive filter is added in the input side of the boost
rectifier because passive filter is a common solution to
D1
D4
N11
R5
500k
N8
V2
FREQ = 50
VAMPL = 300
VOFF = 0
V8
10Vdc
U2
A4N25
U1A
AD648A
3
2
84
1
+
-
V+V-
OUT
R2
10
N3
V5
6Vdc
D2
N5
D3
V3
FREQ = 50
VAMPL = 300
VOFF = 0
V4
TD = 0.001ms
TF = 0.001ms
PW = 0. 001ms
PER = 0. 25ms
V1 = 0
TR = 0.24ms
V2 = 15
N9
N12
N10
Q1
Q2N2222
D5
N6
M1
IRF540
N1
L1 1mH
1 2
C1
100u
N2
N4
R3
5k
V6
15Vdc
D7V1
FREQ = 50
VAMPL = 300
VOFF = 0
R1
1k
0
R4
1k
D6
N7
0
V7
15Vdc
Time
0s 10ms 20ms 30ms 40ms
-I(V1)
-100A
0A
100A
Time
0s 10ms 20ms 30ms 40ms
AVG(V(N11)-V(N12))
0V
1.0KV
2.0KV
C1
100u
10uH
1 2
R2
10
D4
1n
D7
N12
R5
500k
0
1n
V4
TD = 0.001ms
TF = 0.001ms
PW = 0. 001ms
PER = 0. 25ms
V1 = 0
TR = 0.24ms
V2 = 15
D2 D3
V8
10Vdc
1mH
1 2
Q1
Q2N2222
N2
0
1mH
1 2
V3
FREQ = 50
VAMPL = 300
VOFF = 0
U2
A4N25
R4
1k
V2
FREQ = 50
VAMPL = 300
VOFF = 0
N9
1mH
1 2
1n
N10
N1
V5
5Vdc
N11
N7
D1
V1
FREQ = 50
VAMPL = 300
VOFF = 0
D6
10uH
1 2
N4
N5
R3
5k
D5
10uH
1 2
V6
15Vdc
N3
V7
15Vdc
U1A
AD648A
3
2
84
1
+
-
V+V-
OUT
M1
IRF540
R1
1k
N8
N6
0
MANSUR ET AL: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS O F POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT O F A THREE PHASE BOOST RECTIFIER
20
Green University Press
reduce total harmonic distortion from the input-side
current of the rectifier. But the size of filter is an
important issue to design a filter. Now, the Boost
regulated rectifier is analyzed with an input passive
filter having parameter L=10uH and C=1nF and with
an output filter capacitor C=100uF. The circuit
diagram of a Boost regulated three phase rectifier with
passive filter is shown in Fig. 4. The input side current
and output voltages are shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6
respectively. The simulated results are shown in Table
2. Here it is seen that the amount of THD% is reduced
than the previous condition which makes the input
current is almost sinusoidal and also improves the
power factor beside that the output voltage and
efficiency are decreases which is not satisfactory. So
some more combination of LC filter is introduced in
the next section to get better performance.
Fig. 5 Input current of the boost rectifier with input filters
Fig. 6 Output voltage of the boost rectifier with input filters
TABLE II
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A THREE PHASE BOOST RECTIFIER
WITH INPUT-SIDE EMI FILTER
Duty
Cycle
(D)
THD
%
Power
Factor
(PF)
Iin
(peak)
amp
Vout
(dc)
volt
Efficiency
η (%)
0.80
8.10
0.84
32.3
632
32
0.75
8.32
0.86
31.2
795
52
0.69
7.94
0.89
30.0
928
71
0.63
8.72
0.95
25.6
964
84
0.56
11.78
0.98
20.0
896
90
0.51
14.67
0.99
15.0
821
99
0.43
16.73
0.99
12.7
753
99
0.38
17.86
0.97
11.0
695
99
0.31
22.41
0.95
8.0
645
99
0.25
17.60
0.89
9.2
600
97
0.18
17.52
0.80
9.8
555
86
0.12
16.47
0.70
9.0
520
93
C. Three Phase Boost Rectifier with passive high
frequency resonant filter
In this model a harmonics filter is developed using
formula XL= XC. Putting the resonating frequency
the product of LC is calculated. Changing the various
values of L and C it is closely observed that better
performance of the filter is found by L=8.106mH and
C=50uF. This harmonics filter permits power quality
to improve satisfactorily. An output filter with low
parameter (L=1mH and C=250uF) is added before
load to eliminate the ripple of output voltage. Then
the simulation results of Boost rectifier is shown in
Table III. This model consists of the following parts
as follows: (a) a fixed 3-φ ac sources (b) rectifying
stage (c) control circuit (d) PFC stage (e) filtering
stage and (f) load. The schematic circuit diagram of
Boost rectifier with passive high frequency and
resonant filter is shown in Fig. 7.
Fig. 7 Boost regulated three phase rectifier with passive high
frequency and resonant filter.
TABLE III
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF BOOST RECTIFIER WITH HIGH
FREQUENCY AND RESONANT FILTER
Duty
Cycle
(D)
THD
%
Power
Factor
(PF)
Iin
(peak)
amp
Vout
(dc)
volt
Efficiency
η (%)
0.1
0.044
0.963
50.91
550
19.39
0.2
0.045
0.972
48.08
720
31.51
0.3
0.025
0.991
42.42
860
55.28
0.4
0.028
1
34.08
900
75.00
0.5
0.030
1
28.28
890
88.01
0.55
0.039
1
25.59
860
90.80
0.6
0.045
1
24.04
840
92.23
0.65
0.047
1
21.21
800
94.81
0.7
0.051
1
18.95
760
95.15
0.75
0.072
1
18.38
730
89.22
0.8
0.089
1
15.90
680
91.33
0.85
0.125
0.99
13.43
650
99.82
0.9
0.147
0.99
12.37
600
92.35
0.95
0.129
0.98
10.60
560
96.50
C2
5uF
V2
FREQ = 50
VAMPL = 300
VOFF = 0
R4
1k
0
V1
FREQ = 50
VAMPL = 300
VOFF = 0
Q1
Q2N2222
L11
1mH
1 2
V4
TD = 0.001ms
TF = 0.001ms
PW = 0.001m s
PER = 0.25m s
V1 = 0
TR = 0.24ms
V2 = 15
R1
50k
N1
L3 5mH
1 2
L4
0.1mH
1 2
0
D3
D1N4007
L5
0.1mH
1 2
V8
10Vdc
V5
6Vdc
L1 5mH
1 2
R8
1meg
D6
D1N4007
L2 5mH
1 2
N2
U2
A4N25
0
R3
5k
V7
15Vdc
C8
250uF
0
V6
15Vdc
D2
D1N4007
C5
50uF
L6
0.1mH
1 2
D7
N10
U1A
AD648A
3
2
84
1
+
-
V+V-
OUT N8
N3
D5
D1N4007
R2
10
R6
0.1k
R5
500k
N4
V3
FREQ = 50
VAMPL = 300
VOFF = 0
C1
5uF
L9
8.106mH
1
2
L7
8.106mH
1
2
N7
L8
8.106mH
1
2
C3
5uF
M1
IRF540 C7
20uF
N6
L10
1mH
1 2
C4
50uF
D1
D1N4007
D4
D1N4007
C6
50uF
N5
GUB JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, VOLUME 2, ISSUE 1, JANUARY 201 5
Green University Press
21
D. Three phase Boost Rectifier with EMI and series
LC Filter
In this model another combination of LC filter is
used in the input side to observe its effects and found
some better performance. To reduce the filter size and
cost in this model only a series LC with EMI filter is
used in the input side. The schematic circuit diagram
of the boost rectifier is shown in Fig. 8. Typical input
current and output voltage of this model are shown in
Fig.s 9 and 10 respectively. The simulated results are
shown in Table 4. From this analysis it is seen that the
THD% is reduced less than four percent also the peak
value of input current loss reduced significantly. The
output voltage is high enough; the power factor is
unity and the efficiency is more than 90% for a width
range of duty cycle.
Fig. 8 Three phase rectifier with EMI and series LC filter
Fig. 9 Input current of the boost rectifier with input filters
Fig. 10 Output voltage of the boost rectifier with input filters
TABLE IV
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF BOOST RECTIFIER
WITH EMI AND SERIES LC FILTER
Duty
Cycle
(D)
THD
%
Power
Factor
(PF)
Iin
(peak)
amp
Vout
(dc)
volt
Efficiency
η (%)
0.96
0.96
0.80
33
450
17
0.88
0.98
0.80
32.5
412
14
0.84
1.03
0.80
32
640
35
0.80
1.04
0.80
31
800
57
0.72
1.14
0.80
30
930
72
0.64
1.33
1.00
19.7
900
91
0.54
1.65
1.00
16
820
93
0.47
2.01
1.00
13.5
750
93
0.31
3.78
0.95
11.7
635
81
0.26
3.85
0.84
10.6
590
87
0.18
3.37
0.72
9.9
550
93
0.12
2.10
0.61
9.2
510
99
0.05
2.04
0.61
8.9
483
99
III. RESULT ANALYSIS
In this work an analysis of performance parameter
have been done of a three phase boost rectifier to
improve the power factor. For this purpose at first a
boost rectifier is simulated without any input filter
shown in Fig. 1. The simulation result shows the input
current is totally distorted and THD% is very large
which causes poor power factor. At Fig. 4 an input
side filter is added which improves the power factor
of the boost rectifier but decreases output voltage and
efficiency. At the third circuit (model A) shown in
Fig. 7; a series parallel combination of passive filter
is used in the boost rectifier which makes the input
current more sinusoidal thus improves the PF and a
output LC filter is also used to make the rappel free
output voltage. After that an EMI and series LC filter
is used in the boost rectifier shown in Fig. 8 (model
B). This model also shows better performance shown
in Table 4. A comparison has been made between the
two circuits (model A and model B). The simulation
results of model A and model B are plotted using
MATLAB software which gives a clear understanding
of the model. THD values, output voltage and
efficiency are plotted for different values of duty
cycle are shown in Fig.s 11, 12 and 13 respectively.
THD: At Model A the THD is less than 1% for all
range of duty cycle, D but at Model B the THD is less
than 2% for D range 0.5-0.96 shown in Fig. 11.
Output voltage: At Model A output voltage range is
700V-900V for D= 0.2-0.75 but at Model B output
voltage range is 700V-920V for D= 0.4-0.82 shown in
Fig. 12. The both circuit can be used for output
voltage range 500V-920V for duty cycle D= 0.2-0.85.
Efficiency: At Model A the efficiency is more than
80% at D= 0.44-0.9 but at Model B the efficiency is
more than 80% at D= 0.1-0.68 shown in Fig. 13.
Power Factor: At Model A the power factor is unity
at D= 0.4-0.8 but at Model B the power factor is unity
D2
C7
200u
U1A
AD648A
3
2
84
1
+
-
V+V-
OUT
50mH
1 2
Q1
Q2N2222
0
N3
R4
1k
N7
N5
N10
R3
5k
0.1mF
V7
15Vdc
N6
N4
15.83uH
1 2
C5
200u
50mH
1 2
D6
15.83uH
1 2
V8
10Vdc
D5
V1
FREQ = 50
VAMPL = 300
VOFF = 0
0
0.1mF
R2
10
D7
R5
500k
D4
R1
1k
N12
V4
TD = 0.001m s
TF = 0.001m s
PW = 0. 001ms
PER = 0. 25ms
V1 = 0
TR = 0.24m s
V2 = 15
N11
N2
V5
6Vdc
V2
FREQ = 50
VAMPL = 300
VOFF = 0
N1
V6
15Vdc
C1
100u
U2
A4N25
C6
200u
N8
0.1mF
50mH
1 2
M1
IRF540
0
D3
V3
FREQ = 50
VAMPL = 300
VOFF = 0
15.83uH
1 2
D1
Time
100ms 110ms 120ms 130ms 140ms 150ms 160ms
-I(V1)
-40A
0A
40A
Time
0s 40ms 80ms 120ms 160ms
AVG(V(N11)-V(N12))
0V
250V
500V
MANSUR ET AL: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS O F POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT O F A THREE PHASE BOOST RECTIFIER
22
Green University Press
at D= 0.47-0.64. From the above comparisons it is
clear that the performance of Model A is best with
respect to the power factor and THD on the other
hand the performance of Model B is best with respect
to the output voltage range and efficiency. So there
have a tradeoff between the input side current (power
factor) and output voltage (efficiency).
Fig. 11 Duty cycle versus THD% of Model A and Model B
Fig. 12 Duty cycle versus output voltage of Model A and Model B
Fig. 13 Duty cycle versus efficiency of Model A and Model B
IV. CONCLUSION
The proposed three phase boost rectifiers of model
A and model B both are able to improve power factor,
efficiency and overall performance. With the
harmonics filter and Boost switching action it is able
to draw sinusoidal input current and almost unity
power factor with various duty cycle. The efficiency
is also improved and it is found above 90%. The other
advantages of these models are reduction of switching
stresses, elimination of resonance problems and use of
small input filter. Moreover, it is able to eliminate odd
and even harmonics components thus total harmonics
distortion is found in the range of maximum 3.85%
and minimum 0.025%. The output voltage is found
always greater than input voltage. Even though power
factor is unity and performance is improved, it has
some problems such that, the values of input current
are higher in both model A and model B. So there
have some future scopes of works to reduce the input
current losses.
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Ahmed Al Mansur was born in
Dhaka, Bangladesh, in 1986. He
received the B.Sc. in EEE from
Ahsanullah University of
Science and Technology
(AUST), Dhaka, Bangladesh, in
2008 and M.Sc. in EEE from
Islamic University of
Technology (IUT), Gazipur
under the OIC, in 2011. He is
currently working toward his PhD. degree at IUT. At
present he is working as an Assistant Professor in the
Department of EEE in Green University of
Bangladesh. His research interests include application
of power electronics in renewable energy, Modeling
and simulation of power electronic circuits and
Electric Drives.
Faisal Ahamed was born in
Dhaka, Bangladesh in 1992. He
received the B.Sc. degree in
Electrical and Electronic
Engineering from Prime
University, Mirpur-1, Dhaka,
Bangladesh, in 2014. He is
currently working as a Junior
Executive (Electrical) Effect
Architects Engineers, 7-Kamal Ataturk Avenue,
Rupsha Tower 13-B, Banani, Dhaka 1213,
Bangladesh from August 2014 to present. His
research interests include Power Electronics,
renewable energy and microcontroller based works
Abdullah-Al Murad was born
in Khulna, Bangladesh in 1991.
He received the B.Sc. degree in
Electrical and Electronic
Engineering from Prime
University, Mirpur-1, Dhaka,
Bangladesh, in 2014. He is
currently working as a IT
Engineer, In Flack Limited,
Shaoly, Dhaka, Bangladesh from 2014 to present. His
research interests include Power Electronics.
Ayesha Yeasmen Rumee was
born in Rajshahi, Bangladesh in
1991. She received the B.Sc.
degree in Electrical and
Electronic Engineering from
Prime University, Mirpur-1,
Dhaka, Bangladesh, in 2014.
His research interests include
Power Electronics, Renewable
Energy, Photovoltaic System,
Digital Control System and FPGA.
Dr. Kazi Khairul Islam,
Professor, Department of
EEE, Islamic University of
Technology (IUT), Gazipur
under the OIC. He obtained
his B.Sc Engg. Degree in EEE
from RU in 1976. He obtained
his M.Tech. and Ph.D degree
from Indian Institute of
Technology Kanpur (IIT
Kanpur), India in 1984 and 1989 respectively. He
served as a Head and Associate professor in the
Department of EEE in RUET. Currently, he is
working as a Professor in the Department of EEE in
IUT. His research interests are intelligent control on
motor drives, power apparatus, and renewable energy
systems. He is currently supervising a number of
graduate and post graduate students in IUT. So far he
has published more than 50 international journal
papers and 50 conference papers.