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Evidencias de procesado y consumo de cerveza en la cueva de Can Sadurní (Begues, Barcelona) durante la Prehistoria
Abstract
The Can Sadurní cave is located in the Garraf Massif in the municipality of Begues, Baix Llobregat region, about 25 km SW of the City of Barcelona. The studies of organic residues have made it possible to detect the existence of fermenting beverages such as Beer in early prehistoric times, at two rather distant times. In the Age of the Broce and in the Neolithic Postcardial (NMI) what supposes the finding of the oldest remains of Beer in the Iberian Peninsula until the moment.
As far as the antighua fasas, the Neolithic Postcardial has been found remains of barley malting (cereal dominant in the archaeobotanical record) in two pieces of milling and other indicators of the fermented product inside a jar. The data known so far for this neolithic phase are: 5800 ± 160 BP, 5700 ± 110BP, 5470 ± 110 BP
... Por las hallábamos ante el procesado y consumo de cerveza más antiguo de Europa. (Blasco, Edo, Villalba, 2006). ...
... En concreto, la falta de algunos de los fragmentos cerámicos del vaso puede ser indicadora, a su vez, de que el vaso no estaba dentro del fardo funerario, sino fuera, ya que, en ese caso, su quiebra no hubiera supuesto pérdida de Distinta se presenta la visión de uno de los vasos cerámicos asociados al individuo INH5. Se trata del fapruebas de fermentación de cerveza que, hoy por hoy, se trata de las más antiguas encontradas en Europa (Blasco, Edo, Villalba, 2006). A pesar de no poder hablar más que del fragmento de vaso como ajuar asociado al individuo, dada la situación en la capa 11a1 de INH5, la connotación que supone el contenido del vaso dimensiona su importancia. ...
... Está en el territorio catalán, el registro de la existencia de la cerveza más antigua en Europa, datado de 6400 a.C., en la Masía Can Sadurní, en el pueblo de Begues a cerca de 27km de Barcelona. A partir de las investigaciones hechas en los restos de alimentos de rituales funerales encontrados en esto yacimiento, fue posible constatar que en los botes había una mezcla con levaduras, fitolitos y esqueletos silíceos que se caracterizan como cebada vestida, "todos estos indicadores se relacionan con la fermentación de cerveza e indican que las jarras, cuyo contenido ha sido analizado, contuvieron cerveza elaborada" (Blasco, Edo, & Villalba, 2006). ...
The craft beer market in Catalonia grows every year and together with it, new ways of presenting the product to the public, with the creation of different offers to meet demand. World trend with little dedicated
literature, beer tourism offers contact with exclusive experiences along with the dissemination of consumption of native products and other cultural and culinary activities. Faced with this context, the
research problem is: Would the artisan brewers of Catalonia be interested and prepared to develop beer tourism? Then, the general objective of this study is to make a proposal to enhance the value of artisan beer in Catalonia as a local tourist resource, based on the opinions and perceptions of the craft brewers themselves. For this, were realized the bibliographic analysis of previous literature, sectorial reports, participant observation, and as a tool, an online qualitative interview form. The questionnaire was inspired by a previous research and was answered by 36 experts from the craft beer sector. Through the content analysis of these responses, the findings are an unprecedented and exclusive collection of the perspective of brewers. It was also possible to understand the low complexity of beer tourism in Catalonia, classified even in the first order of the gastronomic tourism typology. Based on this scenario, recommendations are made for proposals from the ideas of the brewers themselves for the enhancement to increase the dynamization of the territory in terms of craft beer tourism together with gastronomic tourism.
... In Europe, in contrast, by then already in the early stages of farming, there is some evidence of beer production and consumption. At the cave of Can Sadurní, near Barcelona, Spain, organic residue analyses have yielded remains of malted cereals in some grinding stones, as well as traces of a barley beer seasoned with strawberry tree fruits in a Neolithic pot (Blasco et al., 2008). In the same level as the pot, ca. ...
The taste for alcohol is not exclusive to humans, as some other animal species are attracted to ripe fruits and nectar due to the natural occurrence of ethanol. However, what makes Homo sapiens different is their capacity to produce alcoholic beverages. From the Neolithic, if not earlier, the production of alcoholic drinks is documented, and this production ensured the supply of alcohol. Consequently, alcohol consumption was no longer sporadic and occasional. This process ran in parallel to the development of specific alcohol-related equipment, and organized drinking patterns gradually became more and more formalized. Its use has depended not only on its effects, mainly its capacity to enhance sociability, but also on historical, economic, and religious factors. The aim of this chapter is to search for the origins of this dynamic in prehistoric Europe from an archaeological perspective in order to explore the foundations of the cultural construction of alcohol.
... Pero también pudieron emplearse para servir y comer. Dentro de esta misma función utilitaria, se hallaría su uso como elementos de almacenamiento de grano y de agua o, quizá, de algún tipo de alimento (o para la elaboración de cerveza, como la vasija hallada en Can Sadurní, Barcelona) (Blasco et al., 2008). Por otro lado, cabría pensar en una función simbólica, como regalo o expresión de unas obligaciones sociales, lo que encajaría mejor con la profusa decoración y el pequeño tamaño de las primeras, en el caso de las impresas cardiales. ...
La ceràmica ha constituït un dels principals fòssils-guia en prehistòria i arqueologia. Habitualment, el seu estudi s’ha plantejat des d’una perspectiva evolucionista i se l’ha considerada una de les innovacions que sorgeixen en l’esdevenir de la prehistòria. No obstant això, la seva aparició en contextos en els quals teòricament «no hauria de» trobar-se, si ens atenim a les seqüències tradicionals, ha portat al rebuig d’aquests com a casos «anòmals». Aquí s’exposa la necessitat de revisar aquestes situacions des d’un enfocament no evolucionista, ja que, a causa principalment de l’etnoarqueologia, s’han obert nombroses possibilitats que, entre altres coses, en permeten la reinterpretació.
... For Europe, the presence of calcium oxalate and barley phytoliths has been evidenced in Neolithic ceramics and millstones dated to 3800-3500 BC found in the Can Sadurní cave (Barcelona, Spain; Blasco, Edo, & Villalba, 2008). In Scotland, in the Machrie Moor's stone circles site (Isle of Arran), on pottery fragments of which the oldest were dated to 3500 ± 70 BC, organic material was found with traces of hazelnuts, cereals, and honey; a fact that suggests a kind of beer was prepared (Dineley & Dineley, 2000, p. 138). ...
Modern sophisticated archeometric instruments are increasingly capable of detecting the presence of psychoactive plant sources in archeological contexts, testifying the antiquity of humanity’s search for altered states of consciousness. The purpose of this article is to provide a general picture of these findings, covering the main psychoactive plant sources of the world, and identifying the most ancient dates so far evidenced by archeology. This review is based on the archeological literature identifying the presence of psychoactive plant sources, relying on original research documents. The research produced two main results: (a) a systematization of the types of archeological evidence that testify the relationship between Homo sapiens and these psychoactive sources, subdivided into direct evidence (i.e., material findings, chemical, and genetic) and indirect evidence (i.e., anthropophysical, iconographic, literary, and paraphernalia); and (b) producing a list of the earliest known dates of the relationship of H. sapiens with the main psychoactive plant sources. There appears to be a general diffusion of the use of plant drugs from at least the Neolithic period (for the Old World) and the pre-Formative period (for the Americas). These dates should not to be understood as the first use of these materials, instead they refer to the oldest dates currently determined by either direct or indirect archeological evidence. Several of these dates are likely to be modified back in time by future excavations and finds.
... ¿Fue posible en El Garcel la fermentación del cereal para elaborar cerveza o con otros fines?. No sería algo extraño ya que en la Península Ibérica se tienen evidencias de su consumo (Can Sadurní Begues, Barcelona) desde la segunda mitad del VI milenio a.C. (Blasco, Edo y Villalba, 2008) y se multiplican posteriormente durante el período campaniforme (Guerra Doce, 2006). ...
... Residue studies have begun to provide insights into the use of ceramic vessels. The earliest evidence for beer in Europe has been found in pottery at Can Sadurní (Barcelona), dated to the late 5 th millennium BC (Blasco et al. 2008). Beakers were used in the consumption of beer and mead , although not exclusively, as they also functioned in smelting copper and to contain cremated remains (Guerra-Doce 2006 ...
Las investigaciones arqueológicas de las comunidades agrarias del VI al II milenios a. C. en la Península Ibérica han sufrido transformaciones fundamentales en los últimos 25 años. Este artículo trata de proporcionar una visión general de esta investigación considerando tres temas: 1) los cambios en la teoría, la perspectiva y la práctica, 2) el descubrimiento de nuevos sitios o tipos de sitios, y 3) la evolución de las metodologías y técnicas analíticas. Se concluye con algunas reflexiones sobre posibles futuros desafíos y direcciones para la investigación.
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