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Effect of Celastrus paniculatus willd. Seed on Adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats
... The C. paniculatus seed oil, ethanolic extract and methanolic extract exhibited dose-dependent, free-radical-scavenging capacity against glutamate-induced toxicity and H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress and protect the neuronal cells (Godkar et al., 2006). Patil and Suryavanshi (2007) revealed the anti-arthritic effect of orally administered alcoholic and petroleum ether extracts of seeds of C. paniculatus on Freund's adjuvant arthritis. The weight loss of body and swelling of paw observed throughout arthritic state was cured using the alcohol and petroleum-ether extracts of Celastrus paniculatus (CP) seed, which indicated anti-arthritic activity of C. paniculatus seed. ...
... Nalini et al. (1995) reported that seed oil of C. paniculatus up to a highest dose of 5 g per kg body weight did not induce any toxicity on usual habits of rats and no loss of life was noticed even at the highest dose. Patil and Suryavanshi (2007) carried out the acute oral toxicity study in accordance to the regulation set by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and found that LD 50 cut-off dose for alcoholic extract and petroleum ether extracts were found to be 3000 mg per kg and 5000 mg per kg, b.w. respectively and for the therapeutic purpose, the doses were given as 300 mg per kg and 500 mg per kg body weight for ethanolic and petroleum ether extract respectively. ...
Celastrus paniculatus willd., an extremely versatile medicinal plant,
is commonly used as memory sharpener, anti-depressant, rejuvenant, nervine tonic, free radical scavenger, anti-oxidant etc. The present review is made to enlighten the information based upon scientific evidence regarding morphological description, pharmacological actions and phytoconstituents of this plant. The leaves of the plant show significant anti-fungal and anti-microbial activity. The root bark exhibited antimalarial activity while seed shows sedative, antidepressant, antifertility and wound healing activity. These plants are naturally used for treatment of blood purification after delivery,
menstruation cycle and abortion. Due to the wide range of medicinal properties, the plant is being harvested erratically from wild coupled with cultivars; the species is listed as endangered and a vulnerable medicinal plant. Hence, realising the importance of the plant and the current threat to its existence, more scientific effort is required for conservation and efficient propagation for this plant to meet the growing demand.
... Disease recovery and health status are indirectly related with body weight. Body weight, metabolism and food intake are affected by inflammation and immunity [19][20][21] . Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with loss of weight and lean body mass loss and known as rheumatoid cachexia. ...
... PGME was most effective in increasing the body weight. The apparent abolition of the body weight of rats in the PGME treated group may involve better improvement of nutrients absorption in intestine and a suppression in the distress caused by the severity of the arthritis than other treated groups [13,21] . Better weight gain was bringing into being upon physical consideration of PGME treated rats. ...
Gautam et al.: Comparative anti-arthritic evaluation of traditional medicinal plants The aim of our study is to evaluate comparative assessment of well documented medicinal plants. Ethanolic extract of Pongamia pinnata, Salvadora persica, Asparagus racemosus and methanolic extract of Punica granatum were prepared by continuous hot extraction method and their preliminary phytochemical screening was performed. Animals were separated into different groups and each group contains six animals. The ethanolic and methanolic extracts were administered in a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg. Arthritis was induced by FCA in Wistar albino rats and various parameters related to arthritis i.e. paw volume, arthritic score, body weight, joint diameter were recorded. A significant increase in paw volume, arthritic score, joint diameter and decrease in body weight was observed in arthritic control rats compared to normal control. Methanolic extract of Punica granatum significantly decreased the paw volume, arthritic score, and joint diameter and increased the body weight when compared to arthritic control. All the selected medicinal plants showed significant activity in arthritic rats however, methanolic extract of Punica granatum showed highly significant activity as compared to other plants. Methanolic extract showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpanoids, glycosides, and phenolic compounds. The anti-arthritic activity of plant may be due to presence of aforementioned phytocomponds.
... Disease recovery and health status are indirectly related with body weight. Body weight, metabolism and food intake are affected by inflammation and immunity [19][20][21] . Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with loss of weight and lean body mass loss and known as rheumatoid cachexia. ...
... PGME was most effective in increasing the body weight. The apparent abolition of the body weight of rats in the PGME treated group may involve better improvement of nutrients absorption in intestine and a suppression in the distress caused by the severity of the arthritis than other treated groups [13,21] . Better weight gain was bringing into being upon physical consideration of PGME treated rats. ...
... The C. paniculatus seed oil, ethanolic extract and methanolic extract exhibited dose-dependent, free-radical-scavenging capacity against glutamate-induced toxicity and H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress and protect the neuronal cells (Godkar et al., 2006). Patil and Suryavanshi (2007) revealed the anti-arthritic effect of orally administered alcoholic and petroleum ether extracts of seeds of C. paniculatus on Freund's adjuvant arthritis. The weight loss of body and swelling of paw observed throughout arthritic state was cured using the alcohol and petroleum-ether extracts of Celastrus paniculatus (CP) seed, which indicated anti-arthritic activity of C. paniculatus seed. ...
... Nalini et al. (1995) reported that seed oil of C. paniculatus up to a highest dose of 5 g per kg body weight did not induce any toxicity on usual habits of rats and no loss of life was noticed even at the highest dose. Patil and Suryavanshi (2007) carried out the acute oral toxicity study in accordance to the regulation set by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and found that LD 50 cut-off dose for alcoholic extract and petroleum ether extracts were found to be 3000 mg per kg and 5000 mg per kg, b.w. respectively and for the therapeutic purpose, the doses were given as 300 mg per kg and 500 mg per kg body weight for ethanolic and petroleum ether extract respectively. ...
Celastrus paniculatus willd., an extremely versatile medicinal plant, is commonly used as memory sharpener, anti-depressant, rejuvenant, nervine tonic, free radical scavenger, anti-oxidant etc. The present review is made to enlighten the information based upon scientific evidence regarding morphological description, pharmacological actions and phytoconstituents of this plant. The leaves of the plant show significant anti-fungal and anti-microbial activity. The root bark exhibited antimalarial activity while seed shows sedative, antidepressant, antifertility and wound healing activity. These plants are naturally used for treatment of blood purification after delivery, menstruation cycle and abortion. Due to wide range of medicinal properties, the plant is being harvested erratically from wild coupled with cultivars; the species is listed as endangered and vulnerable medicinal plant. Hence realising the importance of the plant and the current threat to its existence more scientific effort is required for conservation and efficient propagation for this plant to meet the growing demand.
... It has been experimentally proved that adjuvant induced arthritis in rat mimics the pathological, immunological and clinical significance of human rheumatoid arthritis [28], with decrease in body weight due to inflammation and severity [29]. Gradual fall in body weight was observed in the experiential groups and after treatment with Pt the animals regained their body weight gradually compared with the normal control groups. ...
... Significant reduction in body weight in G-II animals was observed with 159.6 ± 1.4, but rest of the treatment groups including the standard treated animals regained body weight significantly ( Fig. 1). Regaining of body weight after treatment is a common phenomenon found after treatment with herbal medicines [29,27]. ...
The present study reveals the anti-arthritic potential of traditionally used Parmotrema tinctorum (Pt) on experimental rats and purification of novel Isophthalic ester derivative. Arthritis was induced in rats using Freund’s complete adjuvant (CFA) and subsequently treated with Pt extract (100 & 200 mg/kg.b.w). Assessment of antiarthritic activity was carried out using paw volume, arthritic score, haematological, biochemical, tissue antioxidant, histopathology and radiological analyses of ankle joints. The results revealed that continuous administration of Pt reduces the complication associated with arthritis by inhibiting the edema formation and arthritic score significantly (P < 0.05). The altered changes in biochemical parameters were brought back with an improvement in free radical scavenging ability after treatment with Pt significantly. Further purification of Pt using conventional column chromatography led to the isolation of four compounds and the structure of these isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral data’s FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, DEPT-NMR spectroscopy, COSY & HSQC-NMR spectroscopy and LC–MS. The spectral data revealed that the three compounds were found to be Methyl-γ-Orsellinate, Atranorin, and usnic acid (CI-III) along with a novel secondary metabolite, (C-IV)4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-isophthalicacid3-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)ester (C16H14O7,318.1amu). The present study reveals that Parmotrema tinctorum reduces complications associated with arthritis and the compounds were isolated for the first time.
... In the present research investigation, the administration of ethanolic extract of Gaultheria trichophylla (EEGT) at doses of 300 and 200 mg/kg, as well as the treatment with salicylate-rich fraction (SRF.) at a dose of 150 mg/kg, exhibited a significant anti-arthritic effect across various inflammatory parameters. The reduction in body weight observed during episodes of inflammation can be attributed to a decrease in the absorption of nutrients via the intestinal tract (Patil and Suryavanshi 2007). Therefore, it is possible that enhanced food absorption via the gut of rats is responsible for the body weight restoration brought about by EEGT, SRF, and diclofenac (Fig. 1). ...
... In the present research investigation, the administration of ethanolic extract of Gaultheria trichophylla (EEGT) at doses of 300 and 200 mg/kg, as well as the treatment with salicylate-rich fraction (SRF.) at a dose of 150 mg/kg, exhibited a significant anti-arthritic effect across various inflammatory parameters. The reduction in body weight observed during episodes of inflammation can be attributed to a decrease in the absorption of nutrients via the intestinal tract (Patil and Suryavanshi 2007). Therefore, it is possible that enhanced food absorption via the gut of rats is responsible for the body weight restoration brought about by EEGT, SRF, and diclofenac (Fig. 1). ...
Gaultheria trichophylla Royle is a traditional treatment for inflammatory conditions including arthritis. The objective was to evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of the extracts and salicylate-rich fractions through adjuvant-induced arthritis, histopathological analysis, radiological imaging, hematological, biochemical parameters along with using bioinformatic tools. In vivo anti-arthritic efficacy of the extract and SRF (at 100, 200, 300, and 150 mg/kg doses) was assessed using healthy albino rats. Molecular docking of identified compounds along with network pharmacology analysis helped to determine the route of action of drug. Both the extract and SRF showed dose-dependent anti-arthritic activity by decreasing the joint diameter, increase in pain threshold and body weight compared with negative control group. Along with SRF (150 mg/kg), EEGT (300 and 200 mg/kg) shows significant (P < 0.01) anti-arthritic activity by lowering levels of WBC, platelets, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), and rheumatoid factor (RF) and raising levels of RBC and Hb. The modified biochemical measures (AST, ALT, ALP, and total protein level) further supported the anti-arthritic action. Histopathology and radiology study showed that EEGT (300 and 200 mg/kg), SRF (150 mg/kg) and diclofenac (10 mg/kg) inhibited joint destruction. GCMS analysis showed the presence of methyl salicylate, sitosterol, calcifediol, and ergosta-5,22-dien-3-ol, acetate as important bioactive constituents. Moreover, as the significant node in the pharmacology network and docking against TNF-α, a classical therapeutic target in RA showed potential of G. trichophylla in treatment of RA. The results showed that G. trichophylla have effectively reduced the inflammation of the joints.
... The CFA or Adjuvant induced arthritis in a tested rat model was chosen for the study because it is a common and widely employed animal model for inflammation and arthritis [29]. Reduced paw swelling is the most important factor in determining the degree of inflammation, and activity of anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic drugs [30,31]. It is also one of the simplest, most sensitive, and fastest methods.The decrease in paw thickness is thought to be due to a decline in the release of inflammatory mediators, and it is evidence of any drug's anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic action in CFA-induced arthritis [32]. ...
Rubus ellipticus is a native plant to India's tropical and subtropical regions and has been used as a traditional medicinal. The aim of study was to identify and evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-arthritis activities of hydroethanolic extract of R. ellipticus leaves (HEERE). The leaves were collected from the Narkanda Valley, India and were shade-dried and finely ground to produce the powder. The hydroethanolic extract was utilized for phytochemical analysis to determine the existence of carbohydrate, phenolic, terpenoid, flavonoid, saponin, glycoside, tannin, protein, and alkaloid. The HEERE was futher analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the characterization of the phytoconstituents. The antimicrobial activity was tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus as well as Aspergillus niger. To assess its anti-arthritic activities, different doses of HEERE were given orally to complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced albino Wistar rats for twenty-one days. The GC-MS analysis of hydroethanolic extracts from leaves detected and identified the presence of 33 phytochemical compounds. HEERE showed significant effects against E. coli, S. aureus, and A. niger strains at 600 ppm. Our data indicated that HEERE 200 mg/kg was more effective than 50 mg/kg as anti-arthritis. Paw volume, ankle-joint diameter, the number leucocytes, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were all significantly reduced in experimental rats. Furthermore, when compared to respective standard drugs, the body weight, erythrocyte, hemoglobin, and synobium healing effect have all improved. These data demonstrated the potential of R. ellipticus for the long-term investigation of antimicrobial and anti-arthritic properties.
... The TLC was decreased in mice injected with carrageenan solution. It may be due to migration of leukocytes towards the inflammatory sites, causing the decreased leukocyte count in peripheral blood (Eric and Dick, 1996;Patil and Suryavanshi, 2007). In our study the mice treated with mulberry leaves extracts and Indomethacin showed higher TLC. ...
... Further studies are going on this plant in order to isolate, identify, characterize and elucidate the structure of the bioactive compounds. The pharmacological activities of these plants for the treatments of the diseases as claimed by traditional healers are also being investigated [18]. ...
Phytochemical and Pharmacological studies on Celastrus paniculatus Willd are an interesting field for research due to its possible medicinal values and the importance of the chemical constituents in the similar variety plants. Thus it makes a great significance to investigate the chemical constituents and study the pharmacological activity on this plant for its medicinal uses, which will be very useful in the field of medicine as a new emerging drug. Alkaloids, Tannins, Saponins, Steroid, Terpenoid, Flavonoids, and Glycoside distribution in medicinal plant belonging to family was assessed and was investigated. The plant was found to contain Alkaloids, Tannins and Flavonoids, Steroids etc. The significance of the plant in traditional medicine and the importance of the distribution of these chemical constituents in this plant was objective of this study. *
... Sections were observed (×100 magnification) using a Leica DM500 microscope equipped with a Canon powershot SX620 digital camera for image acquisition. The general protocol for histological study was followed [24]. ...
Objective: To evaluate the anti-arthritic effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Distemonanthus benthamianus.
Methods: Monoarthritis was induced by an injection of 0.3 mL zymosan A (0.9% NaCl, v/v) in the right posterior knee joints of rats. Then, joint diameter and pain threshold were determined. Polyarthritis was induced by an intracaudal injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant and rats were treated from day 14 post 1st complete Freund’s adjuvant injection until 28 day. The clinical, hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters were evaluated. In addition, histological analysis of the knee joint was perfomed in both tests.
Results: The aqueous and methanolic extracts of Distemonanthus benthamianus at a dose of 500 mg/kg ameliorated zymosan A-induced monoarthritis, as evidenced by reduced joint diameter, increased pain threshold, as well as improved joint architecture. In addition, both extracts of Distemonanthus benthamianus markedly increased body weight and pain threshold, while reducing paw edema in polyarthritic rats. They also led to a marked decrease in platelets and white blood cells (P
... Someone pointed out that a reduction of body weight in the inflammatory process is caused by insufficient intestinal absorption of nutrients. However, treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs could normalize the absorption process (Kalpana S. Patil 2007). Therefore, changes in the body weight of animals have been used as one of the parameters to evaluate the course of inflammatory disease and the therapeutic effect of drugs. ...
A series of (4-(1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl) phenyl)-2-aminoacetamide derivatives showed good anti-neuroinflammation in our previous study. Some studies have proven that the anti-inflammatory compounds effective for some specific diseases could also be used to treat other inflammatory diseases. In this study, the effects of these compounds on arthritis were further analyzed. First, in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity assessment indicated that these compounds have good anti-inflammatory activity. Among them, compound f15 showed the most prominent performance, it could significantly inhibit the production of relevant inflammatory factors in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells, with IC50 values of 1.55 ± 0.33, 3.83 ± 0.19, and 7.03 ± 0.24 μM against NO, IL-1β, and TNF-α production, respectively. Preliminary mechanism studies indicated that f15 blocked the excitation of nuclear factor κB (NF-кB) signaling pathway in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, in-vivo experiment showed that f15 reduced secondary foot swelling and arthritic index in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats and inhibited the production of TNF-α and IL-1β in serum. Histopathological analysis revealed that f15 alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration and synovial hyperplasia in rats with AIA. Thus, compound f15 could be considered to have the potential to be developed as a treatment for arthritis.
... Rheumatoid cachexia (RC) is an imperative co-morbidity noted in almost 40% of active RA patients [36]. RC is characterized by the reduction in body weight because of the poor nutrient absorption via the intestine during the inflammation; the same phenomenon was observed in the FCA-injected rats [37]. The elevated oxidative stress and inflammation-driven hyper-metabolism may be a cause of the muscle wasting and weight reduction noted in the RA animal models [38]. ...
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an
inflammatory disease and a common cause of disability. This study is aimed to ascertain the therapeutic potentials of the xanthorrhizol against Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA)-stimulated RA in rats. The RA was initiated in the rats via injecting FCA (0.1 ml) subcutaneously and then treated with xanthorrhizol (20 mg/kg) for 25 days. The hematological markers were investigated using the automated hematological analyzer. The organ index (spleen and thymus) and paw volume were inspected by standard methods. The ALP, SGOT, and SGPT activities were examined using kits. The levels of inflammatory biomarkers, i.e., IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α, were inspected using assay kits. The status of MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH, COX-2, iNOS, and NF-κB was quantified using respective assay kits. The xanthorrhizol treatment appreciably improved the body weight and hematological parameters and reduced the arthritis score, organ index, and paw volume in the RA rats. The levels of RBCs and Hb were effectively improved, and activities of ALP, SGOT, and SGPT were decreased by the xanthorrhizol in the RA rats. The RA rats treated with 20 mg/kg of xanthorrhizol demonstrated the depleted IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. The antioxidant markers SOD, CAT, and GSH were improved, and inflammatory biomarker levels such as COX-2, iNOS, and NF-κB were decreased by the xanthorrhizol in the RA rats. Overall, these outcomes witnessed that the xanthorrhizol effectively ameliorated the oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and attenuated the RA in rats. Hence, it could be a talented anti-arthritic medication to treat RA.
... Petroleum ether and alcoholic extracts of seeds showed anti-arthritic effect in Freund's adjuvant arthritis in Wister albino rats upon oral administration. The lost body mass was also regained after treating the animals with petroleum ether, alcoholic extracts accompanied by a decrease in secondary lesions and a significant reduction in paw volume (Patil & Suryavanshi, 2007). ...
Celastrus paniculatus is a traditional herb belonging to the family Celastraceae and is widely used for a number of medicinal activities in the Indian Unani and Ayurvedic systems. In this study, the extensive literature search was carried out on phytochemistry, ethnobotanical uses and pharmacological activities of C. paniculatus (Willd.) in various scientific databases as well as patents. Research on phytochemical investigation has shown the presence of monoterpenes (linalool, α‐terpinyl acetate, nerol acetate), sesqueterpene esters (such as malkanguniol, malkangunin, valerenal, globulol, viridiflorol, cubenol and agarofuran derivatives), diterpenoids (such as phytone, isophytol), triterpenoids (such as lupeol, pristimerin, paniculatadiol, zeylasteral, zeylasterone, β‐amyrin, squalene), alkaloids (celapanin, celapanigin, celapagin, paniculatine, celastrine, maymyrsine), fatty acids, steroids (β‐sitosterol, carpesterol benzoate), flavonoids (paniculatin), benzoic acid, and vitamin C in this plant. All the reported pharmacological activities of this plant could be due to the presence of these phytochemicals. This plant possesses strong antioxidant activity which includes total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, nitric oxide scavenging activity and free radical scavenging activity. This plant possesses multiple pharmacological activities including cognition‐enhancing, neuroprotective, antipsychotic, anti‐depressant, antibacterial, anti‐arthritic, anti‐malarial, analgesic, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐fertility, cardiovascular, locomotor, anxiolytic, wound healing activity, anti‐spasmodic, hypolipidemic, anti‐cancerous and iron‐chelating activity with different extracts of this plant as well as various phytoconstituents present in this plant. The objective of this review article is to discuss in detail the reported ethnopharmacological uses, phytochemistry and various pharmacological activities of C. paniculatus.
... The EE and PEE dosages attribute to this therapeutic effect were 300 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Further, the study also showed that the white blood cell (WBC) count as well as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in arthritic rats had markedly reduced upon treatment with CPSO extracts (Patil & Suryavanshi, 2007). Kothavade et al. (2015) also demonstrated that the anti-arthritic effect of the petroleum ether fraction (PCP) of CP seed in an adjuvant-induced arthritis in rat model (Kothavade et al., 2015). ...
Celastrus paniculatus, commonly known as the “Intellect Tree,” or vernacularly known as “Malkangni” and “Jyotishmati,” is a medicinal plant that native to the India continent. Traditionally, Celastrus paniculatus seed oil (CPSO) is valued for its beneficial properties against neurological disorders in the Ayurvedic medicine. Findings from the modern scientific research show that CPSO was high in oleic acid and containing various bioactive compounds, such as phytosterols, tocopherols, etc. Additionally, CPSO was reported to exhibit multiple biological activities and therapeutic effects in different experimental models, particularly on its neuroprotective properties. Nevertheless, in-depth studies on the toxicity of CPSO, as well as the structure–bioactivity relationships of its bioactive compounds are scarce. Thus it is recommended that these aspects should be highlighted in the future studies of CPSO, in order to produce a range of safe and standardized CPSO-based nutraceutical products/herbal medicines with consistent and reliable therapeutic effects.
... The fall in body weight is attributed to a decreased absorption of nutrients by the bowels during inflammation. [51] Consequently, MELS and CA restoring the bodyweight of rats will enhance nutrient absorption via the intestines of rats. ...
Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the anti-arthritic function of methanol extract of Lasia spinosa (MELS) and chlorogenic acid (CA) in the rats of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) mediated arthritis by in vivo and In silico studies. Materials and Methods: The MELS was subjected to acute oral toxicity in rats and tested against FCA induced arthritis in rats. Large-scale isolation and chromatographical analysis with spectral review verified that CA is responsible for the pharmacological effects reported. The efficacy of MELS and CA against CFA-induced arthritis was subsequently tested for hematological, biochemical, and in vivo anti-oxidant parameters in rats on the last day of the research. The interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α expressions in the paw tissue were determined by Western blotting technique. Ankle joint histopathological and radiological studies were also conducted. Results: MELS and CA dosage based on anti-arthritis, which was obvious in comparison with an arthritis control group with decreased paw volume, joint diameter, and body weight. MELS and CA showed significant anti-arthritic activity by rising RBC and Hb levels and decreasing WBC and platelet levels. The anti-arthritis function has also been verified by the altered biochemical and anti-oxidant parameters MELS (400 and 200 mg/kg) and CA (5, 10 mg/kg). The activity was further confirmed by histopathological radiological tests with in silico analysis. Conclusion: This study confirms the ethnomedicinal use of L. spinosa rhizomes in the treatment of arthritis. It also indicates the strong anti-arthritic effects of CA. Additional clinical trials are, however, required to show the effectiveness of CA in different immuno-inflammatory conditions.
... On top of that, lower weight gain found in the CFA 10.0 group was consistent with the fact that RA is correlated with the loss of lean body mass, referred to as rheumatoid cachexia (the loss of muscle mass and strength due to RA development) [15]. It is believed that the reduced body weight gain is implicated by the inflammation from the arthritic condition resulting in impaired nutrients absorption in the small intestine of the rat [59,60]. Furthermore, the abnormal neuroendocrine response to the prolonged inflammation in RA was characterised by the increased catabolic hormones (i.e. ...
Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) has been used to develop the arthritic or inflammatory condition in the animal, but there is a lack of information concerning high CFA doses on nociceptive behaviour and inflammatory parameters. This study aimed to compare the effects of different high doses of CFA in rat to closely mimic nociceptive and inflammatory parameters of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in humans. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6): Control (C), CFA-induced polyarthritic groups at 5.0 mg/mL (CFA 5.0), 7.5 mg/mL (CFA 7.5) and 10.0mg/mL (CFA 10.0). The rats’ right hindpaw was inoculated with CFA intradermally and developed into a polyarthritic state within 20 days. Nociceptive behavioural assessments, including von Frey and hot plate tests and spontaneous activities, were conducted on day 0, 7, 15 and 20. Bilateral ankle joints diameter and circumference, full blood count, joints and paw histological examinations were also conducted throughout the study period. Based on the results, CFA 5.0 and CFA 7.5 groups showed a significant increase in spontaneous activities and development of thermal hyperalgesia but no change in body weight and food intake, no development of tactile allodynia and haematological indices, and no significant morphological changes of joints histology. Meanwhile, CFA 10.0 group demonstrated significant and constant changes in all nociceptive and inflammatory parameters investigated. In conclusion, CFA at the dose of 10mg/mL has the most potential and reliable dosage to develop polyarthritis in a rat model to mimic RA condition in humans.
... Results indicated a weight decrease in control negative rat community, and the decrease of body weight during inflammation was reported due to inadequate intestinal absorption of nutrients (Patil & Suryavanshi 2007). While the use of diclofenac sodium as anti-inflammatory drugs normalizes the absorption process, thus the restoration of body weight, this is because diclofenac sodium increases the absorption of nutrients by the intestines and decreases the pain caused by arthritis severity. ...
Osteoarthritis (OA), an adult disorder joint worldwide, is a multifactorial disease. This research was planned to evaluate the anti-arthritis effect on adjuvant arthritis in male Albino rats of Pistachio and Pecan. Forty male albino rats were separated into five equal groups. G1: set a standard control. G2: OA-induced group receiving a commercially prepared, full adjuvant Freund’s (CFA) injection of 0.50 ml (1 mg/ml) intra-articularly, G3:(OA + Pecan treated group): osteoarthritic rats fed basal diets supplemented with 18% Pecans.G4: (OA + Pistachio treated group): osteoarthritic rats fed basal diets supplemented with 10% pistachio. G5: OA + Reference drug diclofenac sodium. The obtained results showed that CFA incused OA manifested by a significant elevation in MDA and MPO levels in paw tissues, NO, IL-1β, TNF-α and PGE2 in synovial fluid, CRP and ALP in serum. On the other hand, a significant reduction in serum GSH and GAG level in synovial fluid were observed in OA induced rats. Current evidence has revealed that treatment with either Pecan or Pistachio displayed anti-inflammatory effects by lowering pro-inflammatory factors levels. Also, it reduced OA-mediated oxidative damages, and improved GAGs levels in synovial fluid, thus slow degradation of cartilage, and enhanced joint function. Histopathological findings are similar to biochemical ones. In conclusion, comparing plant treatments showed that antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties were more evident in Pistachio treated group rather than Pecan treated group.
... It was observed that the body weight of the animals being treated started to improve on Day 10 along the course of the treatment but no improvement was seen in the untreated group of rats. Patil et al. suggest that the decrease in body weight during inflammation is due to deficient absorption of nutrients through the intestine [23]. In this study, standard group treated with MTX and the group treated with Erdosteine 20 mg/kg had a significant change p˂0.05 proving the decrease in inflammation. ...
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of Erdosteine on complete freund’s adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritic rats. Methods: Wistar Albino rats of 100–250 g were divided into five groups (n=6) and administered with 0.1 ml of CFA subcutaneously into the left hind paw except the negative control group. The standard group received methotrexate (MTX) 0.075 mg/kg body weight orally. Besides, the test groups received Erdosteine orally at a dose 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg bodyweight for 12 days. The changes in body weight, paw volume, hematological parameters, radiographical, and histological findings were the indicators to evaluate the efficacy of the test product. Discussion: Significant change in the body weight, paw volume, radiographical, hematological, and histological parameters were observed which supports the remarkable reduction of the arthritic development in the standard and test groups compared to the untreated group. However, the test group (Erdosteine) with the dose 20 mg/kg shows to be more potent than the test group (Erdosteine) with a dose 10 mg/kg and the standard group (MTX) to reduce the arthritic effect. Results: The test group with 20 mg/kg Erdosteine showed much better outcome than the standard group at significant (p<0.05). Therefore, Erdosteine acting as an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant is effective at a dose 20 mg/kg in treating the progression of rheumatoid arthritis in rats.
... Changes in body weight have also been used to assess the course of the disease and the response to therapy of anti-inflammatory drugs [17] . A report by Patil et al. suggests that the decrease in body weight during inflammation is due to deficient absorption of nutrients through the intestine and that treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs normalizes the process of absorption [18] . The evident restoration of the body weight of rats in the Ficus benghalensis and Indomethacin treated groups may involve improvement of intestinal absorption of the nutrients and a reduction in the distress caused by the severity of the arthritis. ...
The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of ethanol and aqueous extract of root of Ficus benghalensis on Freund’s adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. The crude ethanol and aqueous root extract was administered orally at dose of 300mg/kg body weight for 28 days. Indomethacin at dose of 10mg/kg body weight was used as standard drug. The paw volume was measured on days 7, 14, 21 and 28. At the end of day 28th the animals were anaesthetized with anesthetic ether and blood was collected from retro-orbital route to all the groups of animals and various haematological parameters such as hemoglobin content, total WBC, RBC and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were estimated. The body weight of the animals was measured by digital balance to access the course of the disease at the initial day before induction and the end of 28th day. The results indicate that at the dose of 300mg/kg b.w, both the extracts protect the rats against primary and secondary arthritic lesions, body weight changes and haematological perturbations induced by FCA. Daily treatment with crude extracts and standard drug effectively inhibits paw edema in rats. Both the extracts significantly (p<0.01) altered the parameters which were estimated, when compared to control group rats. The observations showed that ethanol extract show highly inhibition of paw edema in rats. The ethanol extract inhibits rat paw edema by 63.64% than the aqueous extract 31.82% when compared to standard drug 62.34% on 28th day. At the end of study the ethanol extract show more pronounce effect then aqueous extract when compared to standard drug. Our findings showed a significant anti-arthritic activity of Ficus benghalensis root extracts against FCA induced arthritis in rats.
... Release of mediators such as cytokines (IL-1B and TNF-alpha) and platelet-derived growth factor (PGDF) in response to inflammation and injury to tissues lead to pain, bone, and cartilage disruption promote severe disability. [32][33][34] In our study, we observed an increase in paw thickness, oedema volume of the right-hand paw of animals on the administration of 0.1 mL of 2% v/v formalin compared to normal control, with a significant increase in Creactive protein levels. ...
... Patil et al. has done the acute toxicity study as per OECD guideline, the LD50 dose for Petroleum (pet)-ether and alcoholic extract were found to be 5 g/kg and 3 g/kg b. wt. respectively [98], while methanolic extract at a dose of 5 g/kg b. wt. produced no mortality or morbidity in female mice [11,16]. ...
Objectives
Celastrus paniculatus Wild is an evergreen climbing shrub. The plant is of great significance in the traditional Indian System of Medicine, such as Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha. The seeds and their oil are extensively used to treat neurological disorders such as cognitive dysfunction, paralysis, epilepsy, insomnia, and other ailments like rheumatism, arthritis, sciatica, and leprosy. This paper aims to highlight the nootropic activity of C. paniculatus and explore its phytochemistry, traditional uses, and other pharmacological activities.
Methods
All available information concerning C. paniculatus has been searched in the internationally accepted scientific databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Additional knowledge was gathered from the classical Textbooks and Unani Pharmacopoeia.
Results
C. paniculatus is a rich source of several secondary metabolites, such as β-Dihydroagarofuranoids sesquiterpenes, alkaloids (Celastrine, Celapanin, Celapagin, and paniculatin), flavonoids, terpenoid (β-amyrin, Lupeol, Pristimerin), sterols (β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, α-tocopherol, γ-Tocopherol), fatty acid (palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic acids) and non-fatty acids (Benzoic acid, Cinnamic acid). The various study shows that the extracts and active constituent of this plant possess potent nootropic activity. Besides nootropic activity, it has also been reported for anti-Alzheimer, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, gastroprotective, anti-psoriatic, wound healing, antibacterial, antimalarial, and several other properties.
Conclusions
Several in vitro and in vivo trials confirm the conventional use of C. paniculatus in cognitive dysfunction. However, the relations between the possible mechanisms of other activities and traditional uses of the C. paniculatus remain indistinct. Still, pharmacological studies also explored the effects of C. paniculatus , which were not recognized in ancient times, such as cytotoxic, ACE inhibitor, and antidiabetic activities. These discoveries are may be beneficial in the development of the new drug to treat various diseases. It is also confirmed that the β -dihydroagarofuranoids exhibit significant AChE inhibitory, cytotoxic, antibacterial, and insecticidal effects. This versatile medicine is truly a life elixir. Considering the therapeutic importance of the C. paniculatus and the absence of any reported clinical studies, extensive clinical trials are needed to explore its memory enhancing and other activities.
... Cachexia is characterized by decreased body weight and muscle mass that is caused due to impaired intestinal nutrition absorption during arthritic inflammation (Patil et al. 2007). Hence, the increase in the test drug-treated rodent's body weight can be considered a yardstick to determine the test drug's anti-inflammatory potential (Uttra et al. 2017). ...
Ardisia solanacea is a well-known herb with a significant medicinal value. Traditionally, the plant extracts have commonly been used as an immunomodulator, antimicrobial, thrombolytic, anthelminthic, and cytotoxic agent in India. The objective of this study was to assess the in-vivo antiarthritic potential of A. solanacea in the adjuvant-induced arthritic rat model. The rats were divided into nine groups (n = 6). They were administered with complete freunds adjuvant (CFA) in the right hind paw and treated with different doses (250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg) of the leaf extract orally from day one to day 21st. The standard group was treated with 10 mg/kg body weight of diclofenac sodium. Throughout the treatment, we monitored the differences in paw edema, body weight (BW), and arthritis index in different groups of animals. Besides, we also have evaluated the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor (RF), and hematology. Further, we have assessed the severity of arthritis through radiography and histopathology of ankle joints. In addition, we also have studied liver and kidney histology. The arthritic symptoms were subsided significantly (p < 0.01) in the test extract treated groups at a higher dose. We also observed a downregulation of cytokines in the ASM and ASW treated group compared to the negative control. Furthermore, radiography and histopathology revealed improved prognosis in ASM and ASW administered groups. Methanolic and aqueous extract of Ardisia solanacea exhibited potential antiarthritic effect against CFA-induced arthritic rats.Graphic abstract
... Phytoconstituents like hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid), oleanolic acid, and other fixed oils were suggested to be responsible for its antiarthritic actions. Although systematic scientific studies are still lacking, forthcoming work will probably produce interesting consequences and may provide a prospective remedial candidate from E. laevis for the treatment of inflammatory disorders [196,197]. ...
Ehretia laevis Roxb. (Boraginaceae) has been extensively used as a traditional remedy for the treatment of a diverse range of ailments related to the respiratory system, the gastrointestinal tract, the reproductive system, and against several infections. This review critically assesses and documents, for the first time, the fragmented information on E. laevis, including its botanical description, folklore uses, bioactive phyto metabolites and pharmacological activities. The goal is to explore this plant therapeutically. Ethnomedicinal surveys reveal that E. laevis has been used by tribal communities in Asian countries for the treatment of various disorders. Quantitative and qualitative phytochemical investigations of E. laevis showed the presence of important phytoconstituents such as pentacyclic triterpenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, fatty acids, steroids, alkaloids, aliphatic alcohols, hydrocarbons, amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. Fresh plant parts, crude extracts, fractions and isolated compounds have been reported to exhibit broad spectrum of therapeutic activities viz., antioxidant, antiarthritic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antidiarrheal, antidysenteric, wound healing and anti-infective activities. E. laevis is shown to be an excellent potential source of drugs for the mitigation of jaundice, asthma, dysentery, ulcers, diarrhea, ringworm, eczema, diabetes, fissure, syphilis, cuts and wounds, inflammation, liver problems, venereal and infectious disorders. Although few investigations authenticated its traditional uses but employed uncharacterized crude extracts of the plant, the major concerns raised are reproducibility of therapeutic efficacy and safety of plant material. The outcomes of limited pharmacological screening and reported bioactive compounds of E. laevis suggest that there is an urgent need for in-depth pharmacological investigations of the plant.
... Phytoconstituents like hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid), oleanolic acid, and other fixed oils were suggested to be responsible for its antiarthritic actions. Although systematic scientific studies are still lacking, forthcoming work will probably produce interesting consequences and may provide a prospective remedial candidate from E. laevis for the treatment of inflammatory disorders [198,199]. ...
Ehretia laevis Roxb. (Boraginaceae) has been extensively used as a traditional remedy for
the treatment of a diverse range of ailments related to the respiratory system, the gastrointestinal tract, the reproductive system, and against several infections. This review critically assesses and documents, for the first time, the fragmented information on E. laevis, including its botanical description, folklore uses, bioactive phyto metabolites and pharmacological activities. The goal is to explore this plant therapeutically. Ethnomedicinal surveys reveal that E. laevis has been used by tribal communities in Asian countries for the treatment of various disorders. Quantitative and qualitative phytochemical investigations of E. laevis showed the presence of important phytoconstituents such as pentacyclic triterpenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, fatty acids, steroids, alkaloids, aliphatic alcohols, hydrocarbons, amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. Fresh plant parts, crude extracts, fractions and isolated compounds have been reported to exhibit broad spectrum of therapeutic activities viz., antioxidant, antiarthritic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antidiarrheal, antidysenteric, wound healing and anti-infective activities. E. laevis is shown to be an excellent potential source of drugs for the mitigation of jaundice, asthma, dysentery, ulcers, diarrhea, ringworm, eczema, diabetes, fissure, syphilis, cuts and wounds, inflammation, liver problems, venereal and infectious disorders. Although few
investigations authenticated its traditional uses but employed uncharacterized crude extracts of the plant, the major concerns raised are reproducibility of therapeutic efficacy and safety of plant material. The outcomes of limited pharmacological screening and reported bioactive compounds of E. laevis suggest that there is an urgent need for in-depth pharmacological investigations of the plant.
... Lacto live and dead Lacto group animals have an abrupt increase in body weight. A report by Patil et al. (2007) suggests that the decrease in the body weight during inflammation is due to decreased absorption of nutrients through the intestine and that treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs normalizes the process of absorption. The restoration of the body weight of rats in the L. casei treated groups may involve improvement of intestinal absorption of the nutrients and a reduction in distress caused by the severity of the arthritis. ...
... Results indicated a weight decrease in control negative rat community, and the decrease of body weight during inflammation was reported due to inadequate intestinal absorption of nutrients (Patil & Suryavanshi 2007). While the use of diclofenac sodium as anti-inflammatory drugs normalizes the absorption process, thus the restoration of body weight, this is because diclofenac sodium increases the absorption of nutrients by the intestines and decreases the pain caused by arthritis severity. ...
... RA is related to the inflammatory condition which causes the reduction in absorption of food nutrients from intestine [29]. In the present investigation, results showed that the disease control group failed to gain weight, while other treatment groups showed a significant improvement in body weight by absorption of nutrients. ...
... This may cause low levels of leukocytes in peripheral blood which in turn trigger the production of more WBCs under the influence of IL-1β. IL-1β induces the production of neutrophils (Eric and Lawrance, 1996;Kalpana et al., 2007). Decrease in leukocytes levels was reported by Jhon and Shobana, (2012) while evaluating potential antiinflammatory role of some organic products by Rached et al. (2010) A transient increase in TLC was recorded in positive control group. ...
Scorpion venom has great medicinal value as it contains biologically active compounds. Some of these compounds enhance production of anti-inflammatory cytokines; the mediators of hyperactive immune system. Present study is based on the fact that scorpion venom or its components have anti-inflammatory potentials by boosting anti-inflammatory mediators. Venom of Androctonus finitimus was extracted and its toxicity was determined by calculating LD50 using Probit analysis. Remedial activity of venom and its selected peptide fractions on carrageenan induced paw edema in Mus musculus (Swiss Webster albino mice) was estimated. Total leukocyte count (TLC), differential leukocyte count (DLC), and anti-inflammatory cytokines i.e., interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-10 and IL-13 were measured in blood of venom treated animals. Results of study illustrated that protein fractions of venom were more potent anti-inflammatory agents as compared to whole venom because animals treated with different protein fractions showed rapid recovery in paw edema as well as elevated TLC, DLC and concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines. As venom and protein fractions under study were found effective in healing the inflammation, further study on isolation and biochemical characterization of these fractions is recommended to use them for synthesis of new and cheap drugs for curing edema/inflammation related diseases. © 2019, Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum. All rights reserved.
... It produced a calming effect in injected rats, potentiated pentobarbitone sedation and exerted antispasmodic activity with respect to acetylcholine but did not significantly affect the amphetamine toxicity. [22] Apart from its efficacy in diseases of Nervous System it is also studies for various pharmacological properties and found to be possess analgesic, anti-inflammatory [23] , hypolipidaemic [24] , anti-arthritic [25] , anti-fungal [26] , antibacterial [27,28] , anti-fertility [29] properties in various studies. [30] 2 tablet twice a day Arthritis, Neuritis, Nerve weakness 02. ...
Malkangni (Celastrus paniculatus Willd.) which belongs to the family celastraceae is a climber, a widely used medicinal herb in Unani Medicare System. The seeds and its oil play an important role in a wide range of substances of natural origin and used for the treatment of facial paralysis, amnesia, hemiplegia, gout, leprosy, leucoderma, ascites, anaemia etc. It is an endangered medicinal plant distributed throughout India, mostly in tropical forest and the subtropical Himalayas ascending up to 1400 m. increased interest in products of natural origin has been noticed within recent years. In this view, the main aim of this study is to document the knowledge of ethnomedicinal uses and create awareness about the uses of the plant in Unani System of Medicine to cure various disorders.
... Otherwise, blood without anticoagulant was centrifuged for 5 min (4900 rpm) and the serum was collected, then serum AST, ALT, ALP, total protein, C-reactive protein (CRP) and rheumatoid factor (RF) levels were also quantified (Patil and Suryavanshi 2007). ...
Boswellia dalzielii is a tall tree (more than 13 m high) that produces aromatic white flowers. This plant is commonly used in indigenous medicine across Africa against diarrhea, malaria, vomiting, inflammation and arthritis. The present study focuses on the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritis potential of methanol extract of Boswellia dalzielii (BDME). Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in inflammatory models induced by carrageenan, arachidonic acid, histamine, serotonin, prostaglandin and bradykinin. Anti-arthritis activity was measured using complete Freund’s adjuvant model. Intracellular and extracellular ROS production and proliferation of T-cells were evaluated using chemiluminescence and liquid scintillation counter techniques, respectively. TNF-α and IL-1β production were assessed using ELISA and MTT assay performed for cytotoxicity. BDME revealed a significant anti-inflammatory effect by preventing the development of edema caused by carrageenan, arachidonic acid, histamine, serotonin, prostaglandin and bradykinin. For anti-arthritic properties of BDME, the results showed a significant reduction of the joint diameter and a decrease in pain in the treated animals. The extract also showed a noticeable systemic effect, maintaining the values of the evaluated parameters close to normal in treated rats with an inhibition of joint destruction as shown in histopathological analysis. Furthermore, BDME exhibited significant inhibition of extracellular and intracellular ROS production. Still, the extract displayed significant inhibitory activity on T-cell proliferation as well as a reduced production of TNF-α and IL-1β. Boswellia dalzielii could be considered as a promising tract in the prevention and/or management of inflammatory diseases.
... On the fifth day, the animals were anesthetized again; the incised knee joints were preserved in 10% formalin-PBS mixture. Histological analysis was carried out following the general scheme of the study method in histology [24]. ...
Background
Nauclea pobeguinii is a plant species found in the centre region of Cameroon. The stem bark of this plant is traditionally used to ease pain and cure inflammation.
Method
This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of doses 150 and 300 mg/kg of the aqueous and methanolic stem bark extracts from Nauclea pobeguinii on acute pain, acute and chronic inflammation induced by formalin and arthritis induced by zymosan A in rats. Oxidative stress parameters such as catalase, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide were measured in rats subjected to chronic inflammation. The standard used was diclofenac at 5 mg/kg.
Results
Aqueous extract as well as methanolic extract of Nauclea pobeguinii led to a significant reduction in the second phase of formalin induced pain with 54.22 and 48.02% of inhibition percentage, respectively. The formalin-induced inflammatory oedema was reduced by both extracts, and this effect remains significant until the tenth day of treatment. Equally, extracts significantly increased the catalase activity and inhibited the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum, brain and spinal cord and NO reduction only in serum. Both extracts significantly reduced the articular oedema induced by zymosan A for 6 h and for 5 days. Furthermore, the histological study of the articulations shows a non-altered synovial membrane and a small cartilage in all treated animals versus negative control group.
Conclusions
From these results, it can be concluded that pain, inflammation and arthritic healing activities of both stem bark extracts were expressed in rats and could conciliate the use of this vegetable by traditional African healers.
... Restoration of body weight of rats was observed after treatment of MLECH and MLEVN and topical herbal aerosol spray formulation. Decrease in body weight during inflammation in arthritic control group was reported [40] due to deficient absorption of nutrients through intestine. It was reported that treatment of anti-inflammatory drugs normalizes the process of absorption and hence the restoration of body weight in MLECH, MLEVN and Diclofenac sodium treated groups may involve improvement of intestinal absorption of nutrients and reduction in the distress caused by the severity of arthritis. ...
Abstract
Arthritis is the most common cause of disability in adults all over the world, limiting everyday activities for billions of people. Herbs have been paid more attention since they have very little side effects. Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. (Sapindaceae) and Vitex negundo Linn. (Verbenaceae) were used in traditional medicine for the treatment of arthritis. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate anti-arthritic activity of novel herbal aerosol spray formulation containing methanol leaf extracts of Cardiospermum halicacabum (MLECH) and Vitex negundo (MLEVN). A novel topical aerosol spray was formulated using MLECH and MLEVN (2% w/v each) and their quality control, stability and efficacy studies was carried out as per United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) and Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) guidelines respectively. CFA induced arthritis method was employed for the evaluation of anti-arthritic activity. Assessment of body weight, biochemical parameters, hematological parameters, serum biomarker levels, photographic, radiographic analysis and histopathological investigations were carried out as a supportive evidence for the anti-arthritic efficacy of the developed novel herbal aerosol spray formulation. The results of the quality control test complied with USP standards and the stability study clearly revealed that the formulated topical herbal aerosol spray was found to be stable. Significant (p<0.01) alterations in rat paw volume, body weight, biochemical, hematological, serum biomarker levels and reduction in inflammation and hyperplasia of synovium of formulation treated rats were observed compared with arthritic rats. Study concluded that the formulated novel herbal aerosol spray exhibited good anti-arthritic activity.
... After sacrifice, the animal knee joints were removed and preserved in 10% formalin + PBS. After fixation and decalcification, sample was cut into 45 μm pieces, then hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) for microscopic evaluation [56]. ...
Background
Rheumatoid arthritis, disease of unknown causes is a rheumatic and autoimmune pathology, recognised for its increasing frequency and its adverse consequences. It is a disease that occurs in most cases between 50 and 60 years and women are more affected than men. This study aimed at evaluating immunomodulatory and anti-arthritis capacity of aqueous and methanol extracts of stem bark of Piptadeniastrum africanum (Mimosaceae). MethodsROS production from phagocytes, proliferation of T-cells, TNF-α and IL-1β production and cytotoxicity were performed by using chemiluminescence technique, liquid scintillation counter, ELISA and MTT assay, respectively. Anti-arthritic activity was evaluated using a model of adjuvant induced arthritis. ResultsMethanol and aqueous extracts of Piptadeniastrum africanum significantly (P < 0.001) inhibited extracellular and intracellular ROS production. These extracts also possess significant (P < 0.001) inhibitory activity on T-cell proliferation other than reduced TNF-α and IL-1β production. Piptadeniastrum africanum also significantly exhibited antiarthritic activity in complete Freund’s adjuvant induced arthritis in rat associated with a significant anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesia activity. Conclusions
Immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antihyperalgesia and anti-arthritis potential revealed in this study approve that, Piptadeniastrum africanum is a plant rich in compounds with anti-arthritic properties.
... All the groups were evaluated in this manner on 7 th , 14 th , 21 st , and on day 28 th . [11,12] ...
... Seed oil of the plant has been found to reverse the scopolamine induced deficits in navigational memory performance (Gattu et al. 1997). Seeds also show potent relaxant effect on ileum (Borrelli et al. 2009) and significant effects in adjuvant induced arthritis in rats (Patil and Suryavanshi 2007). The extract of whole plant shows antiepileptic activity (Atigari et al. 2012, Ahmad et al. 1994). ...
p>Plants are wonderful resource of bioproducts encompassing significant value to medicines and drug development. The plant cell suspension cultures bear immense potential for production of high‐value secondary metabolites and are chosen as alternative sources of raw material for industrial use. In the present study, homogenous cell suspension culture of Celastrus paniculatus a medicinally important plant was established and multifold production of alkaloids and total phenols was obtained under the influence of monochromatic lights . One month old leaf derived friable callus of C. paniculatus was used to raise homogenous suspension culture and kept on rotary shakers in cabinets illuminated with different monochromatic LED lights (Blue, Yellow and Red). The monochromatic lights proved to be a strong abiotic elicitor in driving the production of secondary metabolites so much so that the metabolites were released extracellularly and the medium served as sink or spacious pool for leaked out metabolites from the cell mass. Maximum production and enhancement in alkaloids and phenols (98 and 44.7%, respectively) over control was obtained from cell mass grown under yellow light treatment, followed by blue (64 and 23.7%) and red light (50 and 26%) treatments. Further scale up of secondary metabolite production was hence performed under yellow light conditions, starting from 2.5 gm cell mass suspended in 250 ml of media extended up to 1000 ml culture media for one month. The continuous culture system exhibited remarkable potential of this plant cell system as multifold yield of total alkaloids (91.69 μg/1750 ml) and phenols (70.59 μg/1750 ml) was obtained during 30 days of culture under yellow light conditions. The production was remarkably enhanced by 100‐folds (5.29 to 48.21 μg; Fig. 2) for alkaloids and 70‐folds (1.73 to 46.33 μg; Fig. 3) for phenols, from zero days to 30‐day‐old culture phase. Hence, strategic implementation of monochromatic lights holds great promises for controlled commercial production of myriads of valuable secondary metabolites from plant cell cultures of important medicinal plants. Present work contributes to the first reports where continuous, enhanced, multifold yield of important secondary metabolites were obtained from cell suspension culture of Celasrus paniculatus an endangered medicinal plant.
Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 26(2): 175-185, 2016 (December)</p
... Willd. showed antioxidant activity by decreasing the lipid peroxidation(157) and anti-arthritic activity in rat model(158). 4. Seed oil of Celastrus panniculatus Willd. ...
Charaka Samhita, the prime book on Ayurveda has claimed Yastimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra) as Memory promoting drug. The drug has been studied scientifically in school going children. The results are encouraging.
... The chemical constituents present in its seeds are sitosterol, linolenic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid and amyrin [127] . The plant is reported to exhibit effect on central nervous system [128] , cardiovascular system [129] and also possess antifertility [130][131] , analgesic and anti-inflammatory [132][133] , hypolipidaemic [134] , antioxidant [135][136][137] , anti-arthritic [138] , wound healing [139] , antimalarial [140] , antibacterial [141][142] and antifungal propertiers [143] . ...
The roots of the concept of nutraceuticals and functional foods can be traced to the ancient Ayurvedic system of health care. The classical texts of Ayurveda are filled with scattered references of implication of food products in various disease conditions. Ayurvedic system advises a wide range of food preparations that can be consumed daily for improving quality of life by offering protection from external and internal stressors. Such preparations have been referred to as 'Aajasrik Rasayana'. This chapter details the various food preparations which can be consumed by common people as functional food/nutraceutical along with the Ayurvedic view on the concept of nutraceuticals and functional foods.
... [13] It has been suggested that, the decrease in body weight during inflammation is due to deficient absorption of nutrients through the intestine and that treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs normalizes the process of absorption. [14] The evident restoration of the body weight of rats in the Dashanga Ghana treated group may involve improvement of intestinal absorption of the nutrients and a reduction in the distress caused by the severity of the arthritis. ...
Introduction:
Arthritis is the most common cause of disability, limiting the activities of adults throughout the world. Apart from the conventional treatment strategies using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, and glucocorticoids, newer and safer drugs are continuously being searched, as long-term usage of these drugs have resulted in adverse effects. Besides this, currently a number of medicinal plants are under scientific evaluation to develop a promising remedy in these cases. There is a need to investigate the complete therapeutic potential of these herbals for providing newer and safer treatment options with minimum side effects. Considering this, a polyherbal Ayurvedic compound formulation (Dashanga Ghana) has been studied in experimental animals to evaluate anti-arthritic activity.
Materials and methods:
Dashanga Ghana has been prepared in the laboratory by following standard guidelines. Charles Foster albino rats were used to evaluate the activity through Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis model.
Results and conclusions:
Dashanga Ghana is found to possess significant anti-arthritic activity. Further studies are required to identify and characterize exact active phyto-constituents and to elucidate the exact mechanism of action, which is responsible for the observed pharmacological profile.
Aim of the study: To investigate anti-arthritic activity of Aqueous methanolic extract of Pogostemon quadrifolius (AMEPQ) in Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced arthritis in rats.
Methods: The AMEPQ was prepared and subjected to acute oral toxicity in mice and tested against FCA induced arthritis in rats. Arthritis assessment was done by measuring – paw volume, joint diameter, pain threshold, thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical nociceptive threshold and body weight.
Haematological, serum, biochemical and in vivo anti-oxidant parameters were measured on the last day of the study. Histopathological and radiological analyses of ankle joints were also done. MEPQ was administered at the dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight.
Results: MEPQ dose dependently showed anti-arthritic activity which was evident with decrease in paw volume, joint diameter and increase in pain threshold, paw withdrawal latency, mechanical nociceptive threshold and body weight when compared to arthritic control group. AMEPQ (400 and 200 mg/kg) exhibits significant (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively) anti-arthritic activity by increasing levels of RBC, Hb and by decreasing levels of WBC, platelets and also serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and Rheumatoid factor (RF). The anti-arthritic activity was also confirmed with the altered biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, ALP and total protein level) and anti-oxidant parameters (SOD, MDA and GSH). MEPB (400 and 200 mg/kg) and diclofenac (10 mg/ kg) also inhibited joint destruction (histopathological and radiological analysis).
Conclusion: P. quadrifolius may be a potential preventive or therapeutic candidate for the treatment of inflammation and arthritis.
Background
The present study evaluated the anti-arthritic impact of combined crocin and curcumin on Adjuvant Induced Arthritis (AIA) in rats.
Methods
The arthritis model was induced in rats by injecting Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) into the right hind paw and was subsequently treated with crocin and curcumin. Evaluation of anti-arthritic activity was carried out using paw swelling, hematological parameters, biochemical parameters, inflammatory cytokines, and histopathology of rats.
Results
The results showed increased paw swelling, increased serum markers levels, including CRP, RF, ALP, ALT, and AST, and inflammatory cytokines (ILlβ and TNFα) along with histology changes (cartilage and bone degradation) in arthritic rats when compared to the normal group. Crocin, curcumin and crocin + curcumin administration at different doses (especially combination at 40 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg, respectively), as well as MTX, revealed a suitable therapeutic effect on AIA rats. Moreover, both phytochemicals and their combination at different doses showed effective anti-arthritic effects owing to their anti-inflammatory effects.
Conclusions
Crocin and curcumin, either alone or in combination, can be a suitable treatment modality for rheumatoid arthritis.
The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of Celastrus paniculatus seeds methanolic extract (CPME) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced paw edema and nociception in rats. Moreover, in-vitro test for soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition activity of CPME was conducted to study its possible mode of action. Celastrus paniculatus seeds were extracted with methanol by cold maceration for 7 days. The obtained dark brown coloured extract was evaluated for preliminary phytochemical screening and subjected for HPTLC analysis. Then the extract was evaluated for its action against LPS-induced paw edema in rats at the dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight by measuring the paw edema, nociceptive bioassays and estimating 5-HETE in serum. In addition, CPME was evaluated for in-vitro sEH inhibition activity. Administration of CPME attenuates LPS-induced paw edema by 22.85% and serum 5-HETE levels by 9.56% (P<0.001) and elevated pain threshold by 112.19% (P<0.001). The CPME inhibits human, mouse and rat sEH activity with IC50 of 4.60 µg/mL, 4.17 µg/mL and 5.18 µg/mL, respectively. The present study results indicate that CPME has protective effect against LPS-induced inflammation and pain in rats. The possible mode of action is attenuation of 5-HETE levels and sEH inhibition. However, further research is warranted to elucidate and isolate the active constituents from Celastrus paniculatus seeds.
Balarista, a classical ayurvedic formulation, is traditionally claimed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The drawback behind this fermented product remains lack of its proper documentation and validation. In the present investigation, therefore, an in-house Balarista (IBF) formulation was prepared by using standard raw materials as mentioned in API (Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India). As the preclinical scientific data regarding its molecular mechanism of action were not evaluated, so the present work was undertaken to investigate its anti-arthritic potential using Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritic rat model and was compared with the marketed (AVS, BD, DB, RN) formulations. Rats were immunized by injecting CFA of 0.1 ml into the sub-plantar surface of right posterior paw. Animals were treated with formulation (2.31 ml/kg) and indomethacin (1 mg/kg) for 28 days and were sacrificed on 29th day. The hematological and biochemical parameters were studied. The histology and x-ray analysis were performed on proximal interphalangeal joints of the experimental rats. The molecular docking of the constituents identified from GC-MS analysis of IBF formulation was carried out with COX-2 receptor to find out the interaction using celecoxib as standard. The quantification of vasicine and total withanolides was performed by HPLC analysis for their standardization. A significant decrease in paw diameter, arthritic index and histological score was noticed in formulation treated groups. The decrease in body weight and alteration in hematological and biochemical parameters were also significantly checked by the IBF and marketed formulation in contrast to CFA treated groups. Remarkable reduction of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were noticed in all the formulation treated rats. The histological study revealed decrease in synovial hyperplasia, pannus formation, and cartilage and bone erosion. The X-ray analysis showed decrease in soft tissue swelling, bone resorption and osteophyte formation upon the treatment with formulations. Based on docking score the components, 8-Azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione (-7.5); (3aS,7aR)-5,6,7a-trimethyl-4,7-dihydro-3aH-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione (-7.5); 2,6-Ditert-butylphenol (-7.2) exhibited significant binding affinity. The prophylactic activity of the formulation could be due to the synergistic effects produced by the phyto-constituents identified by GC-MS analysis. Moreover, the anti-arthritic activity of the IBF was attributed by the predominance of withaferin A.
Background and aim
Balarista is a fermented ayurvedic liquid preparation recommended as a good therapy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In the present investigation, the anti-arthritic activity of in-house Balarista formulation and marketed M1, M2, M3 and M4 Balarista formulations at the dose of 2.31 ml/kg were studied on Complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritic rat model.
Experimental procedure
Measurement of paw diameter, arthritic index, arthritic score, and body weight were made to assess the anti-arthritic activity. Alterations in hematological and biochemical parameters were carried out to ascertain the disease progression. The inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were measured by the ELISA method. The oxidative stress parameters were evaluated in tissues of joint, liver, spleen and kidney. The histological and radiological changes in the ankle joint of rats were also studied.
Results and conclusion
Administration of in-house and marketed formulations exhibited significant anti-arthritic activity by reducing all the arthritic parameters. The anomalous alterations in hematological and biochemical parameters were remarkably restored. The expression level of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines was significantly suppressed in treated animals. The oxidative stress, indicated by an increase in lipid peroxidation, decreased in antioxidant enzyme i.e. superoxide dismutase and catalase along with non-enzymatic reduced glutathione in tissues, were strongly counteracted by the formulation. Abnormal changes in arthritic ankle joints shown by X-ray and histological examination were significantly protected by the formulation. The present study suggests that the administration of in-house and marketed Balarista formulations have produced a significant anti-arthritic effect by inhibiting free radicals and inflammatory cytokines.
Humans experience different kinds of stress as a part of the day to day activity. The manifestation of stress will aggravate based on the physical conditions of individuals and due to their socio-economic situation of living. Herbal extracts have long been used in the traditional systems of medicine for the treatment of various ailments because of their potent antioxidant activity and lesser or no side-effects. Recently, there is a surge of interest toward the search of natural substances with diverse pharmacological activities, that can scavenge free radicals and protect cells from oxidative damage and apoptosis because of the adverse effects associated with the use of conventional medicines. Celastrus paniculatus is an endangered medicinal plant used from years in the traditional Ayurvedic system of medicine. The review presents the diverse chemical constituents of C. paniculatus and their pharmacological actions such as neuroprotective, memory-enhancing, anti-depressant, anxiolytic, anti-aging, hypolipidemic, anticancerous, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, gastroprotective, anti-ulcerative properties at the cellular and molecular level based on the pre-clinical and clinical reports available. In the present review, we gathered the information from sources such as Google Scholar, Science direct, PUBMED, and reviewed with a special focus on the mode of action of C. paniculatus at molecular biology from the data on animal and preclinical experiments to cure various ailments. These diverse medicinal values of C. paniculatus demonstrates its value as traditional medicine as a cure for multiple maladies.
Aim
The purpose of our investigation is to evaluate the anti‐arthritic potential of isolated rosmarinic acid from the rind of Punica granatum.
Method
Rosmarinic acid was isolated by bioactivity‐guided isolation from butanolic fraction of Punica granatum and acute toxicity of rosmarinic acid was carried out. The experiment was conducted at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg, in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)‐induced arthritic rats. Various parameters, that is arthritic score, paw volume, thickness of paw, hematological, antioxidant and inflammatory parameters such as glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malonaldehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) were also estimated.
Results
Rosmarinic acid significantly decreased the arthritic score, paw volume, joint diameter, white blood cell count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. It also significantly increased body weight, hemoglobin and red blood cells. The significantly decreased levels of TNF‐α were observed in treated groups as compared to arthritic control rats (P < 0.001). At the same time antioxidant parameters (like GSH and SOD) were increased significantly while levels of MDA were significantly decreased (P < 0.001).
Conclusion
The outcome of the present research concludes that rosmarinic acid showed significant anti‐arthritic potential in FCA‐induced arthritis in Wistar rats. This study represented the therapeutic role of rosmarinic acid from Punica granatum for the management of arthritis/rheumatoid arthritis/osteoarthritis and related inflammatory complications with negligible side effects which was still far from complete mitigation with available conventional medicines.
Tel: +91-9590937392] Children's health encompasses the physical, mental, emotional, and social well-being of children from infancy through adolescence. Child and maternal care practices are now being considered as important complements to increasing household income or targeted food interventions to address child growth needs. Traditional medicine has a long history of serving people all over the world. Ura-marunnu is a traditional baby care practice comprising of a group of drugs administered to child from day one in the form of paste widely practised in the states of Kerala, Karnataka, Goa and Tamil Nadu. The current paper will be a review through the various ingredients, traditional uses and pharmacological profile of the same (Ura-marunnu).
Formaldehyde-induced arthritis and complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats are well-known models to determine the anti-arthritic activity. Arthritis is a symptom of chronic inflammation. It is a chronic progressive disorder, developing over months or years and involving essentially the synovial joints of the body. Hence, these two models become the basis of this chapter to analyse the anti-arthritic activity.
In view of the well-established anti-inflammatory properties of bark and leaf of Ficus benghalensis, the present study was carried out to evaluate the protective effect of ethanol and aqueous leaf extracts against Freund.s adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. The ethanol and aqueous leaf extracts was administered orally at dose of 300 mg/kg body weight for 21 days. Indomethacin at dose of 10 mg/kg body weight was used as standard drug. The paw volume was measured on days 4, 8, 14, and 21. At the end of day 21 the blood was collected from retro-orbital route to all the groups of animals and various haematological parameters such as haemoglobin content, total WBC, RBC and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were estimated. The results indicate that at dose of 300 mg/kg body weight, both the extracts protects rats against the primary and secondary arthritic lesions, body weight changes and haematological perturbations induced by CFA. Daily treatment of rats with ethanol and aqueous leaf extracts, standard drug Indomethacin effectively inhibits paw edema in rats. Both the extracts significantly (p< 0.01) altered the parameters which were estimated when compared to control group rats. At the end of studies the ethanol extract shows more pronounce effect 66.88% than the aqueous extract 63.82% as compared to standard drug Indomethacin 75.42%. The phytochemical analysis of extracts revels the presence of sterols, flavonoids, phenols, tannins and saponins. However additional clinical investigations are needed to prove the efficacy of Ficus benghalensis L.in the treatment of various immuno-inflammatory disorders.
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