ArticlePDF Available

Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep and goats in and around Mathura, India

Authors:
V Singh
V Singh
V Singh
  • This person is not on ResearchGate, or hasn't claimed this research yet.
Parag Varshney at Tata Institute of Social Sciences
Parag Varshney
Sandeep Kumar Dash at National Dairy Development Board
Sandeep Kumar Dash
H.P. Lal
H.P. Lal
H.P. Lal
  • This person is not on ResearchGate, or hasn't claimed this research yet.
Download full-text PDF
Read full-text
Download citation

Abstract

Aim: To study the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep and goats of Mathura region. Materials and Methods: Atotal of 240 faecal samples collected from three different farms were examined by direct smear, Willi's floatation and sedimentation techniques. Quantitative examination was done by McMaster's technique. Results: Out of 240 samples processed 165 samples were found positive for gastrointestinal parasites. The overall prevalence was 68.75%. The most common gastrointestinal parasites were Haemonchus, Moniezia and coccidia. Conclusions:The results of the present study suggest that Haemonchus is the main gastrointestinal parasite of sheep and goats in Mathura region. Necessary steps should be taken in timely manner to improve the productivity from these animals.
Available via license: CC BY 4.0
Content may be subject to copyright.
How to cite this article:
Singh V, Varshney P, Dash SK and Lal HP (2013) Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep and goats in and around
Mathura, India, Vet. World 6(5):260-262, doi:10.5455/vetworld.2013.260-262
Introduction parasites in these animals during the study period
2008-09 (Table-1). The faecal samples were collected
Sheep and goats are the earliest ruminants to be directly from the rectum of each animal. Gross
domesticated. They can withstand a period of drought examination was done for colour, consistency and for
better than any other livestock and they can use those presence of any adult worms. The faecal samples were
pastures, which cannot be used by other livestock. processed and screened by direct smear method, Willi's
Goats can survive under limited fodder need and they floatation and sedimentation techniques. The ova of
are capable to withstand water scarcity [1]. Sheep and parasites were identified from their morphological
goats are important source of animal protein. features [4]. Quantitative examination of faeces was
Gastrointestinal parasitic infections in sheep and goats conducted to know the intensity of parasitic infestation
are of much economic importance because small (EPG) by McMaster's technique. Animals detected
ruminants' rearing has been a major source of income positive by faecal examination were classified in to sub
especially to the marginal farmers of the country [2]. clinical (EPG<1600) and clinical (EPG>1600) [5]
Recurring losses in productivity due to widely prevalent (Table-2). Further classification was made by type of
parasitic infection is an important and common parasites eggs present and as pure and mixed infections
problem for small ruminant production in most parts of (Table-3).
the world [3].
Commonly occurring gastrointestinal parasitic Results
diseases in goats and sheep are Haemonchosis, In the Veterinary college farm, 30 out of 40 goats
Ostertagiasis, Strongyloidosis, Oesophagostomiasis, (75%) were found to be positive for gastrointestinal
Bunostomiasis and Trichostrongylosis. Among the parasites. In Aurangabad farm, out of 150 faecal
nematodes, Haemonchus contortus is the most important. samples of goats 101 samples (67.33%) were found
The degree of infestation may be sub clinical or clinical positive whereas at the Madhurikund farm, 34 out of 50
depending on level of parasitic load. Sub clinical sheep (68%) were found to be positive. By EPG values
infections remain dominant and as such are not for parasitic infected goat, the prevalence of subclinical
recognized by the clinicians and owners. Thus the sub infection (<1600) at Veterinary College, was 43.34%,
clinical and clinical infection should be tackled timely while the clinical infection was 56.66% (Table-4). The
for better economic return. prevalence of subclinical infection at Aurangabad goat
Materials and Methods farm was 39.65% in Barbari goats and 41.87% in
Jamunapari goats. While the clinical infection (>1600)
In the present study faecal samples of 240 sheep was 60.34% in Barbari and 58.14% in Jamunapari
and goats from three locations around Mathura were goats. At Madhurikund farm the subclinical infection
examined to know the prevalence of gastrointestinal
www.veterinaryworld.org 260
doi:10.5455/vetworld.2013.260-262
Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep and goats in and
around Mathura, India
1 2 2 1
V. Singh , P. Varshney , S. K. Dash and H. P. Lal
1 Department of Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya University of Veterinary and Animal
Sciences (DUVASU), Mathura, India; 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology College of Veterinary Science, Pt.
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (DUVASU), Mathura, India.
Corresponding author: Sandeep Kumar Dash, email: sandeepkumar.dash@gmail.com
Received: 08-09-2012, Accepted: 29-09-2012, Published online: 06-02-2013
Abstract
Aim: To study the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep and goats of Mathura region.
Materials and Methods: A total of 240 faecal samples collected from three different farms were examined by direct smear,
Willi's floatation and sedimentation techniques. Quantitative examination was done by McMaster's technique.
Results: Out of 240 samples processed 165 samples were found positive for gastrointestinal parasites. The overall prevalence
was 68.75%. The most common gastrointestinal parasites were Haemonchus, Moniezia and coccidia.
Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that Haemonchus is the main gastrointestinal parasite of sheep and goats
in Mathura region. Necessary steps should be taken in timely manner to improve the productivity from these animals.
Keywords: gastrointestinal parasites, Haemonchus, sheep and goats, Mathura
was 41.17%., while the clinical infection in sheep was bursate worm, composed of Strongyles spp, Bunostomum
58.82% (Table- 4). spp., Oesophagostomum spp. and Trichostrongylus
spp. (Table-3). Out of 70 Jamunapari goats in
Discussion Aurangabad farm, 43(61.43%) goats were found to be
Infection of gastrointestinal parasites was recorded positive for G.I.T parasites infection, out of which
(75%), the highest in Veterinary college farm. This 15(34.88%) goats harboured bursate worm (Haemo-
finding is also in close agreement to early work carried nchus), 11(25.58%) coccidian worms, 5(11.62%)
out by Sharma (1998) who reported 29.6 to 100% Moniezia and 12 harboured infections of bursate worm
infection spread over the entire year at college campus composed of Strongyles spp, Bunostomum spp.,
[6]. However, higher rates of infection throughout the Oesophagostomum spp. and Trichostrongylus spp.
year in goats were reported by previous workers [7,8] . (Table-3). Breed variation have been reported earlier
Various studies have been conducted on prevalence of [14].The data revealed highest percentage of bursate
gastrointestinal parasites in sheep and goats in this worm infection in both Jamunapari and Barbari goats,
country and abroad [2,7-12]. This variation in prevalence Further the overall prevalence of parasitism was
of parasitic infestation depends upon difference in agro slightly lower in Jamunapari (61.43%) than Barbari
climatic condition and availability of susceptible host goats (73.5%) (Table-3). Occurrence of Moniezia
[13]. Out of 30 parasitic infected goats in Veterinary infection along with bursate worm is not uncommon.
college farm, 16(53.34%) goats harboured bursate Other researchers also reported Moniezia infection
worms (Haemonchus), 7(23.34%) harboured coccidian along with bursate worm infections in goats and sheep
worms and 7(23.34%) animals had mixed parasitic in India and abroad [15,16,17].
infection. At the unit of Madhurikund farm, out of 50 sheep
At Aurangabad goat farm, breed wise infection 34(68%) were found to be positive for gastrointestinal
was recorded. Out of 80 Barbari goats, 58(75.5%) parasitic infection. Out of 34 infected sheep, 16(47%)
goats were found to be positive for parasitic infection, harboured bursate worms (Haemonchus), 9(26.47%)
out of which 21 (36.2%) goats harboured bursate harboured coccidian worms and 9(26.47%) had mixed
worms (Haemonchus), 14 (24.13%) coccidian, 6 infections (Table-3). In this study, high prevalence of
(10.34%) Moniezia and 17 goats contain infections of bursate worm infection in both sheep and goats has
www.veterinaryworld.org 261
doi:10.5455/vetworld.2013.260-262
Table- 1. Animal population studied
Species Place Number of Animals
Goats Goat farm, Veterinary college, Mathura 40
Goat farm, Aurangabad, Mathura 150
Sheep Sheep farm, Madhurikund, Mathura 50
Total 240
Table-2. Range of EPG values in sub clinical and clinical gastrointestinal parasites in goats and sheep at different places of
Mathura district.
Place Animal Range of EPG Value Average EPG Value
Sub clinical Clinical Sub clinical Clinical
Goat Farm Veterinary College, Mathura Barbari (40) 380-1410 1680-3100 895 2390
Goat Farm Aurangabad, Mathura Barbari (80) 550-1560 1800-3600 1055 2700
Jamunapari (70) 540-1520 1750-3540 1030 2645
Sheep Farm Madhurikund, Mathura Sheep (50) 440-1480 1640-3300 960 2470
Table-3. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in goats and sheep at different places of Mathura district
Place Animal Pure infection Mixed infection Total
Mo Bur Coc Bur+Coc Bur+Mo Mo+Coc Bur+Mo+Coc
Goat Farm Veterinary College, Mathura Barbari (40) 0 16 7 4 3 0 0 30(75%)
Goat Farm Aurangabad, Mathura Barbari (80) 6 21 14 7 5 3 2 58(73.5%)
Jamunapari (70) 5 15 11 4 4 2 2 43(61.43%)
Sheep Farm Madhurikund, Mathura Sheep (50) 0 16 9 9 0 0 0 34(68%)
Table-4. Prevalence of clinical and sub clinical gastrointestinal parasites in goats and sheep at different places of
Mathura district.
Place Animal Prevalence Over all Prevalence
Subclinical Clinical
Goat Farm Veterinary College, Mathura Barbari (40) 13(43.34%) 17 (56.66%) 30 (75%)
Goat Farm Aurangabad, Mathura Barbari (80) 23 (39.65%) 35 (60.34%) 58 (73.5%)
Jamunapari (70) 18 (41.87%) 25 (58.14%) 43 (61.43%)
Sheep Farm Madhurikund, Mathura Sheep (50) 14 (41.17%) 20 (58.82%) 34 (68%)
Bur = bursate, Coc =Coccidia, Mo =Moniezia
of Haemonchus infection on goats under semi-intensive
been observed which has also been reported earlier system. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 73 (11): 1200-
[18,19,20]. The overall bursate worm infections in this 1201.
study as both pure and mixed infections were 35.71% 6. Sharma, D. K. (1998) Studies on interaction between
in Jamunapari goats and 48.34% in Barbari breeds of Trypanosoma evansi and Haemonchus contortus infections
in goats with special reference to clinico-pathologic changes
goats. Variation may be due to change in management (Ph.D. Thesis) submitted to Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya
practices of different flocks and opportunity of grazing Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mathura.
in the infected field. Sharma (1998) also reported about 7. Pandey, V. S., Ndao, M. and Kumar, V. (1994) Seasonal
63.3% infections with Haemonchus spp. at the same prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in communal land
farm [6]. 27.5% faecal samples of Veterinary college goats from high yield of Zimbabwe. Vet. Parasitol. 51: 241-
248.
and 36% of sheep at Madhurikund farm and 26.66% of 8. Saha, S. B., Pramanik, S. and Mukherjee, G. S. (1996)
Aurangabad farm were found to be positive for Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes of goats in West
coccidial oocyst. However previous researchers have Bengal. Indian Journal of Animals Science, 11 (1): 51-52.
reported 32-41% prevalence of coccidia in sheep of 9. Singh, A., Hazarika, G. C., Pukhan, A., Hussain, P. (2010)
Mathura region [11]. Seasonal Incidence of Caprine Gastrointestinal Nemato-
dosis. Vet. World 3(7): 321-322.
Conclusions 10. Sutar, A. U., Kengar, S. B., Patil, S. S., Khan, M. R. (2010)
Prevalence of gastrointestinal Parasites in Goats of
The results of the present study suggest that Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra. Vet. World 3(10): 456-
Haemonchus is the main gastrointestinal parasite of 457.
sheep and goats in Mathura region. Necessary steps 11. Om, H., Kumar, S., Singh, P. (2010) Prevalence of Coccidia
in Mathura Region of Uttarpradesh. Vet. World. 3(11): 503-
should be taken in timely manner to improve the 505.
productivity from these animals. 12. Pant, K., Rajput, M. K. S., Kumar, J., Sahu, S., Rajkumari, V.,
Gangwar, P. (2009). Prevalence of helminthes in small
Authors' contribution ruminants in Tarai region of Uttarakhand. Vet. World. 2 (7):
All the authors contributed equally for this study. All 265-266.
13. Radostits, O. M., Gay, G. C., Blood, D. C., Hinchkiliff, K. W.
author read and approved the final manuscript. (2000) Veterinary medicine 9th ed. EIBS and Bailliere
Acknowledgements Tindal.
14. Yadav, S. C. and Senegar, O. P. S. (1982) Breed variations in
Authors are thankful to the University authorities gastrointestinal parasitism of Indian goats. Proc. III
for providing necessary facilities to carry out this International Conf. Goat Prod. Dis., Turson Arizona, p.342.
15. Leimbacher, F. and Liabeuf, J. M. (1984) Information on the
research work. nature, economic importance and epizootiology of the
Competing interests principal diseases of small ruminants in French West Indies.
In Les Maladies da la chevre Colloque International, Niort,
Authors declare that they have no competing interest. France, Institute National de la Recherche Agronomique
(INRA), pp. 731-742.
References 16. Sani, R. A., Awang, I. P. R., Sheikh-Omar, A. R. (1985)
1. Upadhyay, B. A. (2003) Goat breeding strategy with Incidence and factors effecting endoparasitism in Serdang,
reference to commercial goat production. Deptt. of Animal West Malaysia, Kajian Veterinar., 17: 127-131.
Science & Dairy Science, Mahatma Phule Krishi 17. Katoch, R., Mittra, S., Agnihotri, R. K. and Sharma, A. K.
Vidhyapeeth, Rahuri, Maharastra. State level workshop on (1998) Strongylosis in sheep and goats at high altitude: a
recent advance in goat rearing, 29-30 Dec. sporadic occurrence. Indian Vet. J., 75 (4): 326-362.
2. Pathak, A. K. and Pal, S. (2008) Seasonal prevalence of 18. Contreras, J. A., Lopez, W. and Sanchez, J. (1976)
gastrointestinal parasites in goats from Durg district of Haemonchus infection in goats. Revista Veterinaria
Chhattisgarh. Vet. World. 5: 136-137. Venezolona, 40: 91-97.
3. Gall, C. (1981) Goat production, Academic press, 19. Jurasek, V. (1986) Results of the laboratory examinations of
London/New York. parasitoses in animals of Mozambique goats. Folia
4. Soulsby, E. J. L. (1982) Helminths, arthropods and protozoa Veterinaria, 30: 93-97.
of domesticated animals. 6th Ed. CLBS and Bailliere 20. Katoch, R., Chauhan, P. P. S. and Johri, D. K. (2000)
Tindal.pp. 788. Seasonal incidence of gastrointestinal nematodes in goats of
5. Arora, N., Kumar, A., and Sharma, S. D. (2003) Prevalence Mathura region. Indian Vet. J. 77: 259-260.
www.veterinaryworld.org 262
doi:10.5455/vetworld.2013.260-262
********
... In the present study, 369 samples out of 520 samples examined were found to be positive for different gastrointestinal parasite eggs/oocysts with an overall prevalence of 71% (Table 1). Similar findings were reported previously [9,6]. Higher prevalence rates were reported in the YSR (Kadapa) district [10] whereas lower prevalence rates were reported in the Prakasam and Srikakulam districts of Andhra Pradesh [11,12]. ...
... Sheep are at higher risk of exposure to parasitic ova as they are traditional grazers compared to browsing ruminants (goats). However,a higher incidence of parasitic infections in goats than in sheep was reported [9,10] but no significant variation was found between the sheep and goats were noticed by some other workers [13,14]. The dissimilarity might be attributed to variations in geographical conditions and availability of the susceptible host [9], mixed grazing of sheep and goats on the same pasture which leads to cross-contamination [6]. ...
... However,a higher incidence of parasitic infections in goats than in sheep was reported [9,10] but no significant variation was found between the sheep and goats were noticed by some other workers [13,14]. The dissimilarity might be attributed to variations in geographical conditions and availability of the susceptible host [9], mixed grazing of sheep and goats on the same pasture which leads to cross-contamination [6]. ...
View
... The parasitic diseases of cattle mainly affected by adverse climatic condition, management practice and quality of grazing land present in the particular region. This GI infections are more in tropical countries due to environmental condition suitable for transmission of helminth (Singh et al., 2013) [13] . Gastro Intestinal parasitism may be caused by helminths and protozoa Eimeria infections especially in young cattle causes coccidiosis which may lead to diarrhoea and morbidity and mortality is high (Volpato et al., 2017;Leon et al., 2019) [20,7] . ...
... The parasitic diseases of cattle mainly affected by adverse climatic condition, management practice and quality of grazing land present in the particular region. This GI infections are more in tropical countries due to environmental condition suitable for transmission of helminth (Singh et al., 2013) [13] . Gastro Intestinal parasitism may be caused by helminths and protozoa Eimeria infections especially in young cattle causes coccidiosis which may lead to diarrhoea and morbidity and mortality is high (Volpato et al., 2017;Leon et al., 2019) [20,7] . ...
Prevalence of gastro intestinal parasites in Pulikulam cattle reared in Southern India
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2024
The study was carried out with the objective of investigating gastro intestinal parasite present in the Pulikulam cattle reared in Sivaganga, Madurai and Virudhunagar districts of Tamil Nadu State, India under grazing system of management. A total of 90 samples viz., 30 samples from each district were collected and examined for eggs and oocyst count per gram of faeces to identify the gastro intestinal parasite. Results revealed that mixed Strongyle spp and Eimeria spp were the predominant gastro intestinal parasites and scarce Amphistome were also present in the Pulikulam cattle reared under grazing system of management.
View
... Singh et al. (2015) [10] too found coccidia (82.4%) predominant in his prevalence study on gastrointestinal parasites of goat in Madhya Pradesh followed by strongyles and amphistomes. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in both sheep, goats and cattle was studied by Gupta et al. (1987) [11] in Haryana, Jithendran et al., (2001) [12] in Himachal Pradesh, Yadav et al., (2005) [13] , Muraleedharan (2005) [14] in Karnataka, Yadav et al., (2006) [15] in Jammu, Lone et al. (2012) [16] in Kashmir, Singh et al. (2013) [17] in Mathura, Varadharajan and Vijayalakshmi (2015) [18] in Tamil Nadu. These differences in the prevalence of different intestinal parasites in goats were possibly due to varied local, geographical, climatic factors, management and husbandry practices [19] . ...
... Singh et al. (2015) [10] too found coccidia (82.4%) predominant in his prevalence study on gastrointestinal parasites of goat in Madhya Pradesh followed by strongyles and amphistomes. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in both sheep, goats and cattle was studied by Gupta et al. (1987) [11] in Haryana, Jithendran et al., (2001) [12] in Himachal Pradesh, Yadav et al., (2005) [13] , Muraleedharan (2005) [14] in Karnataka, Yadav et al., (2006) [15] in Jammu, Lone et al. (2012) [16] in Kashmir, Singh et al. (2013) [17] in Mathura, Varadharajan and Vijayalakshmi (2015) [18] in Tamil Nadu. These differences in the prevalence of different intestinal parasites in goats were possibly due to varied local, geographical, climatic factors, management and husbandry practices [19] . ...
Study on prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in goat in Durg (C.G.)
Article
  • Feb 2023
Goats are powerful source for production of meat in India, whose meat (chevon) is one of the choicest meats and has huge domestic demand. Besides meat, other products like milk, skin, fibre and manure are also provided by goats. Hence, Goat is often regarded as poor man's cow. Parasitic diseases are a world wild problem and considered as a copacetic obstacle in the health and products performance of animals. Internal parasitism is one of the global problems in the small ruminant industry. Endoparasite infections responsible for major health issues, cause adverse effect on the animal's performance and cause great economic loss to the producer. Gastrointestinal parasitism is an also important cause of death in goats. The faecal samples were collected for a period of one year from July 2015 to June 2016, covering all the three seasons of the year. The samples were collected on monthly basis. The total 1200 faecal samples taken from July 2015 to June 2016. The faecal samples collected from the goats were processed by using differential floatation techniques, sedimentation techniques and McMaster counting method. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites viz. nematodes, trematodes, cestodes and protozoa was found to be 1134 (94.50%), 684 (57%), 84 (7.0%), and 1066 (88.83%) respectively. The peak month was July whereas depression month was February and the prevalence was highest in monsoon whereas least in winter.
View
... Strongyle infection was highly prevalent in small ruminants, followed by Amphistome spp. and Fasciola spp.. Various studies have been conducted on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitism in small ruminants in India [22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. ...
Prevalence Study on Gastrointestinal Helminthic Infections in Ruminants of Hassan and Chikkamagalur Districts of Karnataka State, India
Article
  • Jan 2024
A prevalence study on gastrointestinal parasites in ruminants was undertaken in Hassan and Chikkamagalur districts of Karnataka state to observe the current infection status in the region. The faecal samples were collected from the animals and processed as per the standard procedures. A total of 354, 46, 212 and 138 faecal samples from cattle, buffalo, sheep and goats were screened, of which 92 cattle, 13 buffalo, 79 sheep and 58 goat samples were positive for parasitic infection, respectively. The coprological examination of cattle and buffaloes revealed the highest infection of Amphistome spp. (20.3% & 28.3%) followed by strongyles (2.8% & 2.2%) and Schistosoma spindale (0.6%). Buxtonella sulcata cysts were found in nine cattle samples. Mixed infection of Amphistome spp. and strongyle followed by Amphistome and Fasciola spp.; Amphistome spp. and Schistosoma spindale were also observed. The highest infection of strongyle (25.5% & 24.6%) was followed by Amphistome spp. (2.4% &0.7%) and Fasciola spp. (0.9%) in sheep and goats, mixed infection of strongyle with Amphistome spp. and Fasciola spp.; strongyle and Trichuris spp., Amphistome spp. and Trichuris spp. were observed in the faecal samples. Gastrointestinal parasitic infections cause considerable economic loss by way of reduced weight, decreased milk yield, debilitation and morbidity in livestock, besides causing major health problems in domestic animals. The study helps to understand parasitic infection in ruminants, which could greatly help in understanding the management strategies necessary for the health of domestic ruminants, thereby safeguarding the economic impact.
View
... Besides climatic factors, breed, sex, age, nutritional and physiological status of host reportedly may influence the severity of helminth infections (Kuchai et al., 2011;Mpofu et al., 2022). H. contortus was most common and predominant parasite in goats, as also reported by Singh et al. (2013); Anugrah et al. (2018) and Jaiswal et al. (2020) ...
Epidemiological Studies of Gastrointestinal Helminths in Goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) of Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, North India
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2023
The present epidemiological study was aimed to assess the seasonal prevalence, mean intensity and abundance of gastrointestinal (GI) helminths in goats between January 2017 and December 2019 in Aligarh district of Uttar Pradesh (India). Entire GI tracts from slaughtered goats were brought to the laboratory, dissected and worms from different parts of GI tract were collected, counted and recorded on monthly basis. Eggs per gram of faeces in positive samples were estimated by McMaster technique. The collected data were analysed with respect to rainfall, relative humidity and temperature of months/seasons. Out of 499 goats, 350 were found infected with one or more helminth parasites. Haemonchus contortus was predominant (68.74%), followed by Trichuris ovis (57.72%),Moniezia expansa (23.84%),Oesophagostomum columbianum (15.43%) and amphistomes (9.81%). Considerable variations were noticed in prevalence, mean intensity, abundance and total egg counts during different months/seasons, and the highest values were recorded in monsoon and lowest in winter. Female goats were more infected by all helminth parasites than males. The study provides important information about the seasonal dynamics of helminth parasites, which can be utilized to develop integrated control measures for these parasites in North India. Keywords: Epidemiology, faecal egg count, gastrointestinal helminths, small ruminants
View
... In the current study, the vulnerability of different sheep breeds to gastrointestinal parasite infestation ranged from 14.3 percent in Michni sheep to 66.7 percent in Balkhi sheep. Previous research has found a greater prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite infestation in sheep populations in western Ethiopia (75.3%) [10], India (68.75%) [11], and Pakistan (78.0%) [12]. If the environmental and management conditions in the current study were the same, difference in the frequency of gastrointestinal parasites among different sheep breeds could be attributed to genetic heterogeneity among these breeds, as previously stated [13]. ...
View
... Sah (2018) also reported high prevalence of nematodes (51.4%) in pigs raised in Dhankuta and Sunsari. Factors such as variation in the management system, topography and climatic condition of the area that favored the survival of infective stage of the parasite and intermediate hosts (Singh et al., 2013 andGururaj, 2020), natural resistance (Cable et al., 2017 andGururaj, 2020), drug treatment (Kaushik et al., 2016), nutritional factor might be accountale for the variations among the regions. The most common parasites encountered were Strongyle sp., Strongyloides sp. and Trichuris sp in the study area (Table 1). ...
Analysis of Heavy Metals in Mushroom Produced Using Water Hyacinth
Article
Full-text available
  • Mar 2023
In this experiment Pleurotus ostreatus species of oyster mushroom was used for mushroom cultivation. In this experiment root of water hyacinth was excluded and only stem and leaf parts were used. Five separate combinations of rice straw (RS) and water hyacinth (WH) i.e. only RS, only WH, RS+WH (1:1), RS+WH (2:1), and RS+WH (1:2) were used for the heavy metal analysis in mushrooms. Lead, Cadmium, Arsenic, and Mercury in mushroom samples were analyzed using the AOAC 2015.01.21st Edn method in the laboratory of the National Food and Feed Reference Laboratory.
View
SURVEY AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MESOPARASITES, ECTOPARASITES, AND HEMOPARASITES DIVERSITY IN GOATS FROM A SEMI-ARID REGION OF ALGERIA
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2024
The semi-arid regions of Algeria present unique challenges and opportunities for the study of parasitology, particularly in relation to goats. Goats are integral to the livelihoods of many rural communities in these regions, providing meat, milk, and other essential products. However, they are also susceptible to a wide range of parasites that can impact their health and productivity. This study aimed to investigate parasitic species in goats across six locations in the Laghouat region and assess their prevalence according to the several factors. A total of 144 animals (21 males and 123 females) from 11 different farms, were examined during 2022-2023. Fieldwork involved collecting goat excrement, ectoparasites, and blood samples. In the laboratory, five techniques, including direct examination, flotation, sedimentation, modified Ziehl-Nielsen techniques, blood smears, and ectoparasite observation, were used. Among the 144 animals examined, 97 showed endoparasite infestations. Coprological analysis revealed 28 endoparasites in Capra hircus goats, with the highest prevalence observed for Cryptosporidium spp. (34.7%), followed by nematode larva (22.9%), Fasciola hepatica (17.4%), Ascaris spp. (13.9%), Eimeria spp. and Eimeria granulosa, both with a prevalence of (12.5%). Eimeria parva and Skrjabinema spp. presented a similar rate of (11.1%). Ectoparasites were identified in (21.5%) of the examined goats, represented by two lice species: Linognathus africanus and Damalinia caprae, (20.8%). Piroplasmosis was detected in 20.1% of the total. Regarding the factors, season, animal's origin, treatment, type of production, and breeding system influenced endoparasites rate (P ˂ 0.05). Similar results were obtained for ectoparasites, except for treatment, which did not show any significant difference. For blood parasites infestation, statistical analysis did not reveal any significant differences, except for season and breeding system (P ˂ 0.05). the present study highlighted a large number and types of parasites affecting goats in Laghouat, which could lead to many pathologies and economic losses in consequences. Therefore, it is important to implement a coherent integrated pest control strategy and raising awareness among animal breeders about the multiple diseases that can affect their animals.
View
PREVALENCE OF GASTRO-INTESTINAL PARASITISM AND ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE IN GI NEMATODES OF SMALL RUMINANTS IN SEMI-INTENSIVE FARMS OF KALYANA -KARNATAKA REGION OF KARNATAKA, INDIA
Article
Full-text available
  • Nov 2023
The present study was carried out to know the prevalence of helminth infection and anthelmintic resistance in six districts of the Kalyana-Karnataka region of Karnataka. A total of 712 faecal samples from sheep (380) and goats (332) were collected and processed by standard faecal floatation and sedimentation techniques. Among small ruminants an overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites 69.66% with significant differences (P<0.05) among sheep(68.6) and goats (70.7%) with no significant (P>0.05) difference between parasite species as well as districts. Infection with single parasite species (51.96%) was more commonly observed than multiple species infections (17.69%). The most prevalent parasites were strongyles (31.74%) followed by Eimeria spp. (7.44%), Strongyloides papillosus (5.05%), Trichuris ovis (3.65%), amphistomes (1.40%), Moniezia spp. (1.26%), Buxtonella sulcata (0.98 %) and Schistosoma indicum (0.42 %). The study on the efficacy of anthelmintic by egg hatch assay (EHA) showed that the LD 50 of thiabendazole 0.114-0.119µg/mL. Results reflected the development of resistance of GI nematodes to benzimidazoles in sheep and goats. Similarly, the EHA was performed to determine the in vitro efficacy of ivermectin (IVM) against nematode eggs. The results revealed that ivermectin did not affect embryo growth during the egg stage.
View
Scientometric Analysis of Gastrointestinal Parasites Prevalence in Sheep and Goats of India
Article
  • Jun 2023
  • ACTA PARASITOL
Purpose: In the present study, gastrointestinal parasites (GIP) prevalence in sheep and goats from India was estimated by scientometrics. Methods: The GIP prevalence studies (86) reported during 1998-2021 was obtained from online databases, and offline literatures, meta-analysis was undertaken by using "meta" package in R-Software. Results: The pooled GIP prevalence in India was 65% (95% level CI 56-74%, PI 12-96%) in sheep, 74% (95% level CI 66-80%, PI 14-98%) in goats and 68% (95% level CI 62-73%, PI 15-96%) in sheep and goats. Period-wise analysis revealed a higher GIP prevalence during 1998-2010 than the recent periods. Among the zones, GIP prevalence was higher in the Central zone (79%) in sheep, North zone (82%) in goats, and Central zone (78%) in sheep and goats. Based on the state-wise analysis, a higher GIP prevalence was observed in Haryana for sheep, Himachal Pradesh for goats, and Uttarakhand for sheep and goats. In India, a higher prevalence was reported by nematodes than other parasite classes. Based on climatic regions, a higher GIP prevalence was observed in semi-arid Steppe type region (84%). Conclusion: The high prevalence zones, states, species, sample types, parasite classes, parasite species and climate regions of GIP will be useful in decision-making and resource use efficiency by policymakers and stake holders. There is an urgent need to prevent the occurrence of GIP infections in sheep and goats by adopting scientific management practices, effective therapeutic measures, and hygienic practices on farms to augment the economic benefits to sheep and goat farmers in India.
View
Prevalence of helminthes in small ruminants in Tarai region of Uttarakhand
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2009
Out of 150 small ruminants examined from villages near Pantnagar and organized farms, among them 144 animals were found positive for mixed parasitic infection, including Haemonchus sp, Paramphistomum sp, Trichuris sp. and Moniezia sp. Overall prevalence was found 96.00% in which animals from villages has more prevalence (96.15%) than organized farm (96.00%) but organized farms has more prevalence of Haemonchus sp (95.00%) than animals of villages (76.92%), overall Paramphistomum sp was found 36.00% while Trichuris sp and Moniezia sp revealed 14.00% and 12.00% prevalence, respectively.
View
Seasonal Incidence of Caprine Gastrointestinal Nematodosis
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2010
A total of 157 goats, irrespective of sex, breed and age from an organized farm were screened for gastrointestinal nematode infection for a period of one year i.e. from February 2006 to January 2007. Occurances of G.I. nematodes in different age group were also studied. The goats below 1 year were found to carry significantly higher nematode burden than the goats of 1-3 years and above 3 years of age. In strongyle groups, the parasites were recorded as Haemonchus, Oesophegastomum, Trichostrongylus, Strongyloides, Bunostomum and Cooperia. Prevalence of Strongyle infection was higher in monsoon season in goats below one year of age. Non-occurrence of Trichuris spp in winter season was also recorded. Ivermectin @ 10 mg/30 kg. Body weight orally as single dose was found to be most effective for treatment of gastrointestinal nematodosis. [Veterinary World 2010; 3(7.000): 321-322]
View
View
Prevalence of Haemonchus infection in goats under semi-intensive system
Article
  • Nov 2003
Prevalence rate of caprine gastro-intestinal parasitism was studied in 277 goats based on qualitative and quantitative examination of faeces maintained under semi-intensive system of management at Central Institute For Research on Goats. Makhdoom, Mathura. Animals detected positive on faecal examination were classified into subclinical (EPG<1600) and clinical (EPG>1600) categories. Further classification was made on the basis of type of eggs present as mixed and pure infection. The overall prevelence rate of gastro-intestinal parasitism was 37 (49.46%). Out of 175 Jamunapari goats and 102 Barbari goats screened revealed 84 (48%) and 53 animals (51.96%) positive for parasitic infection. The data revealed highest infection rate with bursate worm in both breed. Based on EPG values for bursate worm infection (Haemonchus contortus), the prevalence rate of subclinical was 42.86% in Jamunapari and 52.63% in Barbari goats. It is observed from this study that under organized goat farming bursate worm infection is endemic.
View
Seasonal prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in goats from Durg District of Chhattisgarh
Article
  • Jan 2008
  • Vet. World
Systemic studies on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in goats revealed that the percentage of overall prevalence of infection was 85.22%. The prevalence of different parasites encountered were Paramphistomum spp. (80.68%), Cotylophoron spp. (45.45%), Moniezia spp. (17.04%), Avitellina spp. (3.40%), Haemonchus sp. (26.13%), Trichostrongylus spp (5.68%), Cooperia spp. (3.40%), Oesophagostomum spp. (30.68%), Bunostomum sp. (5.68%) and Trichuris sp. (27.27%). Seasonal prevalence was highest in monsoon (94.60%), moderate in summer (87.50%) and lowest in winter (63.15%).
View
Prevalence of coccidia in mathura region of Uttarpradesh
Article
  • Jan 2010
  • Vet. World
The present was done in sheep in Mathura region to identify the parasitic infections which was proving to be very harmful to them. For this purpose faecal samples were collected and examined. Maximum cases were found to be positive for coccidia. Prevalence of coccidian was further categorized in the basis of age of sheep and months of year. Samples were incubated for their sporulation and the five Eimeria species was identified on their morphology. It was found that maximum infection is in age group of below six months and in month of October.The individual species prevalence was more for Eimeria ovina and that the favorable temperature for all the five species of Eimeria ranged between 30°C and 37°C.
View
Seasonal incidence of gastrointestinal nematodes in goats of mathura region
Article
  • Jan 2000
  • Indian Vet J
Gastrointesinal nematodiosis is the major cause of impaired productivity in small ruminants. Herlich (1978) attributed 5-10 per cent mortality and 10-20% morbidity losses to the helminthic diseases in ruminans. The hot humid tropical climate of our country is suitable for the development and survival of pre-parasitic stages of nematodes throughout the year. However seasons have an effect on availability of infective larvae on the pasture and on arrested development in host. Season also influences transmission pattern, clinical mainfestation, host susceptibility and finally the control programmes. It futher helps in judicious use of anthelmintics. So the present study of seasonal dynamics of gastrointestinal nematode infection in goats was undertaken.
View
Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Goats of Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra
Article
  • Jan 2010
Helminth parasites of digestive system of goats in Ahmednagar District of Maharashtra were studied during the period January 2009 to December 2009. For these 400 faecal samples of goats from different villages were collected. Out of 400 samples 251 were positive (62.75%). In rainy season, out of 150 faecal samples examined 116 were positive (77.33%), while in winter out of 120 samples examined 73 were positive (60.83%) and in summer out of 130 samples examined 67 were positive (51.53%) [Veterinary World 2010; 3(10.000): 456-457]
View
Seasonal prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in communal land goats from the Highveld of Zimbabwe
Article
  • Mar 1994
  • VET PARASITOL
On six occasions during a 1 year period, goats run on communal pastures by small-scale farmers, were purchased, housed indoors for 3 weeks and autopsied for examination of their gastrointestinal nematode burden. All of the 32 goats examined were infected. The four dominant species, Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Oesophagostomum columbianum, were present in 88-97% of the animals. Three other nematodes, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum spp. and Trichuris spp. occurred respectively in 9%, 3% and 21% of the goats. The total nematode burden was least at the end of the dry season in November and increased gradually through the rainy season to reach a peak at the end of the rains in April. The population of H. contortus followed the same trend as that of the total worm burden. Trichostrongylus colubriformis showed a peak in April and T. axei in June. The fourth stage larvae (L4) of H. contortus accounted for 0-6.8% of the total H. contortus population during most of the year except in August, when they comprised 46.1% of the burden. It can be concluded that there is a direct relationship between rainfall and intensity of infection with gastrointestinal nematodes.
View
author read and approved the final manuscript Veterinary medicine
  • Jan 1985
  • O M Radostits
  • G C Gay
  • D C Blood
  • K W Hinchkiliff
Radostits, O. M., Gay, G. C., Blood, D. C., Hinchkiliff, K. W. author read and approved the final manuscript. (2000) Veterinary medicine 9th ed. EIBS and Bailliere References 16. Sani, R. A., Awang, I. P. R., Sheikh-Omar, A. R. (1985)