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Coelomycetes VI. Nomenclature of generic names proposed for Coelomycetes

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... & Voglino and Sphaeropsis Sacc. (Sutton 1980, Pennycook and Samuels 1985, Samuels and Singh 1986, Morgan-Jones and White 1987, Slippers et al 2004a. These genera were not delimited clearly, and several have been reduced to synonyms. ...
... These genera were not delimited clearly, and several have been reduced to synonyms. Thus Sutton (1980) synonymized Macrophoma with Sphaeropsis and Denman et al (2000) suggested that Sphaeropsis and Lasiodiplodia are synonyms of Diplodia. Crous and Palm (1999) showed that Botryodiplodia is a nomen dubium and that Dothiorella should be regarded as an additional synonym of Diplodia. ...
... When Crous and Palm (1999) studied the type specimen of Dothiorella pyrenophora, which is the type species of the genus (Sutton 1977), they reported brown and 1-septate conidia of the type that have been associated with Diplodia (Fuckel 1870, Wollenweber 1941. For that reason they regarded Dothiorella as a synonym of Diplodia. ...
Article
Botryosphaeria sarmentorum sp. nov. and B. iberica sp. nov. are described and illustrated. These two species are unusual in this genus because of their brown, 1-septate ascospores. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS and EF1-α sequences place them within the clade containing species with Fusicoccum anamorphs. The brown, 1-septate conidia, however, do not conform to Fusicoccum. Therefore phylogenetically and morphologically the anamorphs of these two species belong in a genus distinct from any of the currently accepted anamorph genera assigned to Botryosphaeria. Through a study of the type species of Dothiorella this genus is resurrected to accommodate anamorphs of Botryosphaeria with brown, 1-septate conidia. Botryosphaeria sarmentorum is shown to be the teleomorph of Diplodia sarmentorum, which in turn is transferred to Dothiorella. Otthia quercus is transferred to Botryosphaeria as B. quercicola nom. nov.
... Identification, classification and nomenclature of asexual fungi (including coelomycetes) have been changing rapidly. However, nomenclatural changes of coelomycetous fungi have not been thoroughly discussed since Sutton (1977). Hence, it is essential to compile all scattered data and revisit the list of generic names. ...
... In traditional taxonomy of fungi, coelomycetes, hyphomycetes and agonomycetes (mycelia sterilia) have been considered as three main groups of asexual fungi (Hughes 1953, Sutton 1977. The main difference between coelomycetes and hyphomycetes is the structure of conidiomata i.e. any hyphal structure which bears conidia, e.g. ...
... Coelomycetes are also capable of growing, reproducing and surviving in a wide range of aquatic environments (Sutton 1980, Kirk et al. 2008 including freshwater (Hyde 1993, Luo et al. 2004, Zhang et al. 2012, marine (Jones et al. 2009, Hodhod et al. 2012) and saline water (Papizadeh et al. 2018) ecosystems. Sutton (1977) is an important publication that discusses nomenclatural issues of coelomycetes. Sutton (1980) is also important as a monograph of coelomycetes which discusses both taxonomic and nomenclatural issues (such as synonyms, typification details). ...
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Identification, classification and nomenclature of asexual fungi (including coelomycetes) have been changing rapidly. However, nomenclatural changes of coelomycetous fungi have not been thoroughly discussed since Sutton (1977). Hence, it is essential to compile all scattered data and revisit the list of generic names. In this study, we compiled all published generic names of coelomycetous taxa including invalid and illegitimate names. Further, sexual genera which have coelomycetous asexual morphs are also provided. The present paper is a part of a series of papers on coelomycetous genera.
... (1917), with S. zeae designated as type species. Sutton (1977) synonymised S. zeae with Diplodia macrospora, transferring this latter species to Stenocarpella, recognising S. macrospora as the correct name for the type species. Two species are included in this genus i.e. S. macrospora and S. maydis, which cause Diplodia ear rot of maize (Crous et al. 2006b). ...
... References : Sutton 1977: Sutton , 1980 ...
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This paper represents the second contribution in the Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) series. The series provides morphological descriptions and information regarding the pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms for the treated genera. In addition, primary and secondary DNA barcodes for the currently accepted species are inlcuded. This second paper in the GOPHY series treats 20 genera of phytopathogenic fungi and their relatives including: Allantophomopsiella, Apoharknessia, Cylindrocladiella, Diaporthe, Dichotomophthora, Gaeumannomyces, Harknessia, Huntiella, Macgarvieomyces, Metulocladosporiella, Microdochium, Oculimacula, Paraphoma, Phaeoacremonium, Phyllosticta, Proxypiricularia, Pyricularia, Stenocarpella, Utrechtiana and Wojnowiciella. This study includes the new genus Pyriculariomyces, 20 new species, five new combinations, and six typifications for older names.
... The genus Myxosporium Link based on M. croceum (Pers. : Fr.) Link (ϭ Naemaspora crocea Pers.) was rejected by von Höhnel (1915) and regarded as a nomen nudum by Sutton (1977). Independently of Kurosawa (1926), the guava wilt fungus has been linked with Septofusidium W. Gams (Grech 1985) but S. elegantulum (Pidopl.) ...
... DISCUSSION Nalanthamala is the appropriate genus for the guava pathogen.-Nalanthamala psidii was described originally in Myxosporium (Kurosawa 1926), but this genus was rejected by von Höhnel (1915) and regarded as nomen nudum by Sutton (1977) because its type species, M. croceum, is based on a mixture of different ...
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Psidium guajava wilt is known from South Africa, Malaysia and Taiwan. The fungus causing this disease, Myxosporium psidii, forms dry chains of conidia on surfaces of pseudoparenchymatous sporodochia, which develop in blisters on bark. Similar sporodochia are characteristic of Nalanthamala madreeya, the type species of Nalanthamala. Nalanthamala, therefore, is the appropriate anamorph genus for Myxosporium psidii, while Myxosporium is a nomen nudum (based on M. croceum). For M. psidii the combination Nalanthamala psidii is proposed. Nalanthamala psidii, the palm pathogen Gliocladium (Penicillium) vermoesenii, another undescribed anamorphic species from palm, two species of Rubrinectria and the persimmon pathogen Acremonium diospyri are monophyletic and belong to the Nectriaceae (Hypocreales) based on partial nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) analyses. Rubrinectria, therefore, is the teleomorph of Nalanthamala, in which the anamorphs are classified as N. vermoesenii, N. diospyri or Nalanthamala sp. Nalanthamala squamicola, the only other Nalanthamala species, has affinities with the Bionectriaceae and is excluded from this group. Rubrinectria/Nalanthamala species form dimorphic conidiophores and conidia in culture. Fusiform, cylindrical, or allantoid conidia arise in colorless liquid heads on acremonium-like conidiophores; ovoidal conidia with somewhat truncated ends arise in long, persistent, dry chains on penicillate conidiophores. No penicillate but irregularly branched conidiophores were observed in N. diospyri. Conidia of N. psidii that are held in chains are shorter than those of N. madreeya, of which no living material is available. Nalanthamala psidii and N. diospyri are pathogenic specifically to their hosts. They form pale yellow to pale orange or brownish orange colonies, respectively, and more or less white conidial masses. Most strains of Rubrinectria sp., Nalanthamala sp. and N. vermoesenii originate from palm hosts, form mostly greenish or olive-brown colonies and white-to-salmon conidial masses. They form a mono-phyletic clade to which Nalanthamala psidii and N. diospyri are related based on analyses of the internal transcribed spacer regions and 5.8S rDNA (ITS rDNA), LSU rDNA, and partial β-tubulin gene. Few polymorphic sites in the ITS rDNA and β-tubulin gene indicate that Nalanthamala psidii comprises two lineages, one of which has been detected only in South Africa.
... Up to seven genera are listed as synonyms of Asteromella by different sources [4,10,13,14,74]. First, Petrak [28] stated that the monotypic genus Stictochorellina, described by him a year earlier, is identical to Asteromella. ...
... & Cif., the type species of the monotypic genus Phyllonochaeta. In Sutton's "Nomenclature of generic names proposed for Coelomycetes" [74], two other names were added to the list of synonyms: Apiosporella and Aplosporidium, both of which were introduced by Spegazzini for a new genus in a single paper from 1912 [77]. The newly described monotypic genus Apiosporella was already an illegitimate homonym for Apiosporella Höhn. ...
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The critical revision of 59 Asteromella species occurring in Poland is presented, based primarily on specimens from Poland, as well as selected herbarial materials from France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Switzerland and Ukraine. Some exsiccata, including types of Asteromella carlinae Petr., Asteromella ludwigii Petr., Asteromella ovata Thüm., Asteromella petasitidis Petr., Depazea agrimoniae Lasch, Mycosphaerella agrimoniae Syd., Phyllosticta borszczowii Thüm., Phyllosticta cicutae Lind, Phyllosticta eupatoriicola Kabát & Bubák, Phyllosticta pleurospermi Died., Phyllosticta salicina Kabát & Bubák, Phyllosticta senecionis-nemorensis Săvul. & Sandu, Phyllosticta wandae Namysł. were also studied. Each species is accompanied by the information pertaining to host spectrum, morphology of conidiomata, conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia, distribution in Poland and globally, as well as information on synanamorphs and teleomorph, if present. Two species, Asteromella moeszii Ruszkiewicz-Michalska & Mułenko spec. nov. on Pulmonaria obscura and Asteromella rupprechtii Ruszkiewicz-Michalska spec. nov. on Agrimonia eupatoria are described, based on Polish specimens. A new name, Asteromella huubii Ruszkiewicz-Michalska nom. nov., is proposed to replace Asteromella angelicae (Sacc.) Moesz ex Bat. & Peres. Nine Phyllosticta and two Depazea species were redisposed into Asteromella : Asteromella acetosae (Sacc.) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov., Asteromella adoxicola (Lasch) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov., Asteromella alnicola (C. Massal.) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov., Asteromella bacilloides (Dominik) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov., Asteromella prunellae (Ellis & Everh.) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov., Asteromella garbowskii (Gucevič) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov., Asteromella lysimachiae (Allesch.) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov., Asteromella populina (Fuckel) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov., Asteromella salicina (Kabát & Bubák) Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, comb. nov. Neotype of Asteromella bacilloides and a lectotype of Asteromella adoxicola are designated. Nine species reported in the literature are not confirmed to occur in Poland; this includes two species that need to be recollected [ Asteromella scabiosae (Kalymb.) Vanev & Aa and Asteromella mali (Briard) Boerema & Dorenb.)], as dried specimens are scarce and deficient. Affinity of Asteromella confusa (Bubák) Petr. to Asteromella vs. Phoma is briefly disputed. New records and new data on the distribution of Asteromella species in Latvia, Poland, Slovakia, Switzerland and Ukraine are also provided. Three species are reported as new to Polish funga: Asteromella prunellae , Asteromella melampyrina and Asteromella moeszii.
... Yuan et al. 1998 confirmed this connection by obtaining the asexual morph from the teleomorph in culture studies (Yuan et al. 1998). Lastly, in 1977, Sutton transferred Darluca filum to the genus Sphaerellopsis as S. filum (Sutton 1977). Species of Sphaerellopsis are commonly found in its asexual state, and the sexual morph is rarely observed. ...
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Sphaerellopsis species are putative hyperparasites of rust fungi and may be promising biological control agents (BCA) of rust diseases. However, few detailed studies limit potential BCA development in Sphaerellopsis . Here, we explored the biogeography, host-specificity, and species diversity of Sphaerellopsis and examined the early infection stage of one species, S. macroconidialis, to infer its trophic status. We randomly screened 5,621 rust specimens spanning 99 genera at the Arthur Fungarium for the presence of Sphaerellopsis . We identified 199 rust specimens infected with Sphaerellopsis species on which we conducted morphological and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses. Five Sphaerellopsis species were recovered, infecting a total of 122 rust species in 18 genera from 34 countries. Sphaerellopsis melampsorinearum sp. nov. is described as a new species based on molecular phylogenetic data and morphological features of the sexual and asexual morphs. Sphaerellopsis paraphysata was the most commonly encountered species, found on 77 rust specimens, followed by Sphaerellopsis macroconidialis on 56 and S. melampsorinearum on 55 examined specimens. The type species, Sphaerellopsis filum , was found on 12 rust specimens and Sphaerellopsis hakeae on a single specimen. We also recovered and documented for the first time, the sexual morph of S. macroconidialis , from a specimen collected in Brazil. Our data indicate that Sphaerellopsis species are not host specific and furthermore that most species are cosmopolitan in distribution. However, S. paraphysata is more abundant in the tropics, and S. hakeae may be restricted to Australia. Finally, we confirm the mycoparasitic strategy of S. macroconidialis through in-vitro interaction tests with the urediniospores of Puccinia polysora . Shortly after germination, hyphae of S. macroconidialis began growing along the germ tubes of P. polysora and coiling around them. After 12 days of co-cultivation, turgor loss was evident in the germ tubes of P. polysora , and appressorium-like structures had formed on urediniospores. The interaction studies indicate that Sphaerellopsis species may be more effective as a BCA during the initial stages of rust establishment.
... In 1980, Sutton meticulously elucidated the characteristics of the Microsphaeropsis genus. He subsequently reclassified species previously assigned to the genus Coniothyrium under Microsphaeropsis and renamed the genus [3,4]. Subsequently, additional members of the genus Microsphaeropsis have been unearthed and taxonomically elucidated. ...
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Microsphaeropsis, taxonomically classified within the kingdom fungi, phylum Ascomycota, subphylum Deuteromycotina, class Coelomycetes, order Sphaeropsidales, and family Sphaeropsidaceae, exhibit a ubiquitous distribution across various geographical regions. These fungi are known for their production of secondary metabolites, characterized by both structural novelty and potent biological activity. Consequently, they represent a significant reservoir for the advancement of novel pharmaceuticals. In this paper, a systematic review was present, marking the analysis of secondary metabolites synthesized by Microsphaeropsis reported between 1980 and 2023. A total of 112 compounds, comprising polyketones, macrolides, terpenoids, and nitrogen-containing compounds, were reported from Microsphaeropsis. Remarkably, among these compounds, 49 are novel discoveries, marking a significant contribution to the field. A concise summary of their diverse biological activities was provided, including antibacterial, antitumor, and antiviral properties and other bioactivities. This analysis stands as a valuable reference, poised to guide further investigations into the active natural products derived from Microsphaeropsis and their potential contributions to the development of medicinal resources.
... Moreover, S. chrysopogonis has smaller conidiomata (100-200 μm) and 342 shorter conidia (16.5-25 × 3-6 μm) than S. macrospora, which has conidiomata of 200-300 343 μm and conidia of 44-82 × 7.5-11.5 μm. The conidiogenous cells of S. chrysopogonis are 344 also shorter (5-9 × 3-4 μm) than those of S. macrospora (8-15 × 3-4 μm) and S. maydis 345 (10-20 × 2-3 μm)(Sutton 1977(Sutton , 1980. ...
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Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) has been widely used in recent years for ecological environment management, restoration of degraded ecosystems and essential oil extraction. In 2019, a leaf streak disease of C. zizanioides was observed in Zhanjiang, Guangdong province, China. The disease appeared as large streak lesions on the leaves, on which conidiomata were formed. A pathogenicity test with the fungus isolated from these lesions confirmed Koch's postulates and thus the fungus as the causal agent of this disease. A morphological resemblance of the pathogen to Stenocarpella was noted upon microscopic examination. Phylogenetic trees inferred from both individual and combined ITS, LSU, and tef1 sequences confirmed the pathogen as a species of the Diaporthaceae and revealed it to be closely related to Phaeocytostroma and Stenocarpella species. As morphological characters clearly placed the pathogen in the genus Stenocarpella, it was described as S. chrysopogonis.
... This genus had been previously treated as a synonym of Pseudolachnea Ranoj. (Sutton 1977(Sutton , 1980, but the latter genus differs from Pseudolachnella in having 1septate conidia with a simple appendage and its habitats, such as twigs or wood of divers angiosperms (Nag Raj 1993). On the other hand, species of Pseudolachnella occur on culms or leaf sheath of various bamboos, such as Panicum, Phyllostachys, Pleioblastus, and Sasa, and appear to be widely distributed throughout Asia (Nag Raj 1993). ...
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A coelomycetous fungus occurring on culms of Pleioblastus sp. in Yakushima Island, southern Japan, is described and illustrated as a new species, Pseudolachnella yakushimensis. The species is characterized by cupulate, superficial black setose conidiomata, and cylindrical 3- septate conidia with two to five appendages at each end. Pseudolachnella yakushimensis is similar to P. indica and P. scolecospora by its 3-septate conidia, but is different from them by its smaller conidia with more than two appendages.
... Delineation of Discosia taxa was earlier, primarily focused on morphological characteristics such as septation of the conidia, varying proportional lengths of the conidial cells and the conidium size (Subramanian and Reddy 1974;Sutton 1980;Vanev 1991Vanev , 1992Vanev , 1996Nag Raj 1993). However, these similar morphological characters have been found to be overlapping for most Discosia species (Sutton 1977(Sutton , 1980Nag Raj 1993;Jeewon et al. 2002;Barber et al. 2011;Tanaka et al. 2011). Species of Discosia were earlier also divided into four sections based on the size, septation and pigmentation of the conidia (Subramanian and Reddy 1974). ...
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Collections of fungal samples from two dead leaf specimens from Italy were subjected to morphological examination and phylogenetic analyses. Two coelomycetous taxa belonging to two different genera in Xylariomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, namely Discosia and Sporocadus, were identified. The Discosia taxon is revealed as a new species and is herein introduced as Discosia ravennicasp. nov. while the Sporocadus taxon is identified as Sporocadus rosigena. Multi-locus phylogeny based on DNA sequence data of the large subunit (LSU) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal genes, β-tubulin (β-tub) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) showed that D. ravennica is related to D. neofraxinea but it forms an independent lineage that supports its new species status. The new taxon also differs from other Discosia species by its unilocular to bilocular, superficial and applanate conidiomata with basal stroma composed of cells of textura angularis, elongate-ampulliform conidiogenous cells and conidia smaller in size. Sporocadus rosigena is here reported as a new host record from Quercus ilex from Italy. Descriptions, illustrations and molecular data for both species are provided in this paper.
... However, Sivanesan (1984) was referring to Dothiorella pyrenophora Sacc. (1884) which, according to Sutton (1977), is a later homonym of Dothiorella pyrenophora Sacc. (1880). ...
Article
This is a continuation of a series focused on providing a stable platform for the taxonomy of phytopathogenic fungi and organisms. This paper focuses on 25 phytopathogenic genera: Alternaria, Capnodium, Chaetothyrina, Cytospora, Cyphellophora, Cyttaria, Dactylonectria, Diplodia, Dothiorella, Entoleuca, Eutiarosporella, Fusarium, Ilyonectria, Lasiodiplodia, Macrophomina, Medeolaria, Neonectria, Neopestalotiopsis, Pestalotiopsis, Plasmopara, Pseudopestalotiopsis, Rosellinia, Sphaeropsis, Stagonosporopsis and Verticillium. Each genus is provided with a taxonomic background, distribution, hosts, disease symptoms, and updated backbone trees. A new database (Onestopshopfungi) is established to enhance the current understanding of plant pathogenic genera among plant pathologists.
... (Bambusae) and is typified by P. bambusae Höhn. This dematiaceous hyphomycete genus presently includes 19 species that produce indeterminate synnemata with septate or aseptate ellipsoidal, obovoidal, fusiform-cylindrical or falcate conidia formed on a sympodially extending rachis, occurring on decaying wood, plant debris or soil sediments (Sutton 1973;Deighton 1974;Castañeda et al. 2002;Seifert et al. 2011;Mel'nik 2012;Cheng et al. 2014;Liu et al. 2015;Réblová et al. 2016). Réblová et al. (2012) described the genus Pleurotheciella for two new species, P. rivularia and P. centenaria. ...
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This article is the tenth series of the Fungal Diversity Notes, where 114 taxa distributed in three phyla, ten classes, 30 orders and 53 families are described and illustrated. Taxa described in the present study include one new family (viz. Pseudoberkleasmiaceae in Dothideomycetes), five new genera (Caatingomyces, Cryptoschizotrema, Neoacladium, Paramassaria and Trochilispora) and 71 new species, (viz. Acrogenospora thailandica, Amniculicola aquatica, A. guttulata, Angustimassarina sylvatica, Blackwellomyces lateris, Boubovia gelatinosa, Buellia viridula, Caatingomyces brasiliensis, Calophoma humuli, Camarosporidiella mori, Canalisporium dehongense, Cantharellus brunneopallidus, C. griseotinctus, Castanediella meliponae, Coprinopsis psammophila, Cordyceps succavus, Cortinarius minusculus, C. subscotoides, Diaporthe italiana, D. rumicicola, Diatrypella delonicis, Dictyocheirospora aquadulcis, D. taiwanense, Digitodesmium chiangmaiense, Distoseptispora dehongensis, D. palmarum, Dothiorella styphnolobii, Ellisembia aurea, Falciformispora aquatic, Fomitiporia carpinea, F. lagerstroemiae, Grammothele aurantiaca, G. micropora, Hermatomyces bauhiniae, Jahnula queenslandica, Kamalomyces mangrovei, Lecidella yunnanensis, Micarea squamulosa, Muriphaeosphaeria angustifoliae, Neoacladium indicum, Neodidymelliopsis sambuci, Neosetophoma miscanthi, N. salicis, Nodulosphaeria aquilegiae, N. thalictri, Paramassaria samaneae, Penicillium circulare, P. geumsanense, P. mali-pumilae, P. psychrotrophicum, P. wandoense, Phaeoisaria siamensis, Phaeopoacea asparagicola, Phaeosphaeria penniseti, Plectocarpon galapagoense, Porina sorediata, Pseudoberkleasmium chiangmaiense, Pyrenochaetopsis sinensis, Rhizophydium koreanum, Russula prasina, Sporoschisma chiangraiense, Stigmatomyces chamaemyiae, S. cocksii, S. papei, S. tschirnhausii, S. vikhrevii, Thysanorea uniseptata, Torula breviconidiophora, T. polyseptata, Trochilispora schefflerae and Vaginatispora palmae). Further, twelve new combinations (viz. Cryptoschizotrema cryptotrema, Prolixandromyces australi, P. elongatus, P. falcatus, P. longispinae, P. microveliae, P. neoalardi, P. polhemorum, P. protuberans, P. pseudoveliae, P. tenuistipitis and P. umbonatus), an epitype is chosen for Cantharellus goossensiae, a reference specimen for Acrogenospora sphaerocephala and new synonym Prolixandromyces are designated. Twenty-four new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions are also reported (i.e. Acrostalagmus annulatus, Cantharellus goossensiae, Coprinopsis villosa, Dothiorella plurivora, Dothiorella rhamni, Dothiorella symphoricarposicola, Dictyocheirospora rotunda, Fasciatispora arengae, Grammothele brasiliensis, Lasiodiplodia iraniensis, Lembosia xyliae, Morenoina palmicola, Murispora cicognanii, Neodidymelliopsis farokhinejadii, Neolinocarpon rachidis, Nothophoma quercina, Peroneutypa scoparia, Pestalotiopsis aggestorum, Pilidium concavum, Plagiostoma salicellum, Protofenestella ulmi, Sarocladium kiliense, Tetraploa nagasakiensis and Vaginatispora armatispora).
... g.", nel 1925 (in un lavoro postumo pubblicato a cura di Weese!). Nella più recente check-list degli anamorfi degli ascomiceti a ciclo pleomorfo il genere Mazzantiella è datato appunto al 1925 [Wijayawardene et al., 2012] (1931) non ha avuto alcun seguito [Sutton, 1977]. Importante ricordare che il nome Mazzantiella era già stato utilizzato da De Notaris nel 1867 come sottogenere di Mazzantia [Graniti et al., 2001]. ...
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Riassunto: In questo contributo, il primo di una serie dedicata ai campioni più interessanti conservati nelle collezioni micologiche della sezione storica dell'erbario dell'Orto Botanico dell'Università degli Studi di Pisa (PI), gli Autori discutono il genere Mazzantia. Abstract: In this contribution, the first of a series dedicated to major interesting samples in the historical mycological collections in PI, the Authors described the genus Mazzantia.
... Notes: Stenocarpella was established and typified by S. zeae (Sydow and Sydow 1917). However, the oldest name of Stenocarpella zeae was Diplodia macrospora (Sutton 1977) and the type species was renamed as S. macrospora. The second species, S. maydis (Berk.) ...
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Demarcation of family, genus and species boundaries in the Diaporthales has been tentative due to uninformative illustrations and descriptions, overlapping morphological characteristics, misplacement or poor condition of type specimens and shortage of molecular data from ex-type cultures. In this study, we obtained the type specimens or other authentic specimens of diaporthalean taxa from worldwide fungaria. We examined, described and illustrated them. This study is based on morphological characters from type or authentic specimens, details from protologue and original illustrations and molecular data obtained from GenBank. Combined analyses of nrITS, nrLSU, RPB2 and TEF1-a sequence data were used to construct the molecular phylogeny. Additionally, we provided separate phylogenetic trees for families when necessary to show the generic distribution within these families based on suitable gene markers. Based on morphology and phylogeny, we treat 17 genera previously assigned to Diaporthales genera incertae sedis within several families. For some genera we have designated new generic types as they are lacking type species or type species have affiliations with other families. We exclude Anisomycopsis from Diaporthales and place it in Xylariomycetidae genera incertae sedis. Tirisporellaceae, which was previously placed in Tirisporellales is placed in Diaporthales based on phylogeny and morphology. A new combination, Dendrostoma leiphaemia propose for Amphiporthe leiphaemia (Fr.) Butin. Based on the morphological characters and molecular data we accept 27 families and 138 genera within Diaporthales, 24 genera in Diaporthales genera incertae sedis and one genus in Xylariomycetidae genera incertae sedis. We provide notes for genera in Diaporthales genera incertae sedis, and excluded and doubtful genera are listed with notes on their taxonomy and phylogeny.
... Notes: Stenocarpella was established and typified by S. zeae (Sydow and Sydow 1917). However, the oldest name of Stenocarpella zeae was Diplodia macrospora (Sutton 1977) and the type species was renamed as S. macrospora. The second species, S. maydis (Berk.) ...
Article
Demarcation of family, genus and species boundaries in the Diaporthales has been tentative due to uninformative illustrations and descriptions, overlapping morphological characteristics, misplacement or poor condition of type specimens and shortage of molecular data from ex-type cultures. In this study, we obtained the type specimens or other authentic specimens of diaporthalean taxa from worldwide fungaria. We examined, described and illustrated them. This study is based on morphological characters from type or authentic specimens, details from protologue and original illustrations and molecular data obtained from GenBank. Combined analyses of nrITS, nrLSU, RPB2 and TEF1-α sequence data were used to construct the molecular phylogeny. Additionally, we provided separate phylogenetic trees for families when necessary to show the generic distribution within these families based on suitable gene markers. Based on morphology and phylogeny, we treat 17 genera previously assigned to Diaporthales genera incertae sedis within several families. For some genera we have designated new generic types as they are lacking type species or type species have affiliations with other families. We exclude Anisomycopsis from Diaporthales and place it in Xylariomycetidae genera incertae sedis. Tirisporellaceae, which was previously placed in Tirisporellales is placed in Diaporthales based on phylogeny and morphology. A new combination, Dendrostoma leiphaemia propose for Amphiporthe leiphaemia (Fr.) Butin. Based on the morphological characters and molecular data we accept 27 families and 138 genera within Diaporthales, 24 genera in Diaporthales genera incertae sedis and one genus in Xylariomycetidae genera incertae sedis. We provide notes for genera in Diaporthales genera incertae sedis, and excluded and doubtful genera are listed with notes on their taxonomy and phylogeny.
... 1884, which is a later homonym of Dothiorella pyrenophora Sacc. 1880 (Sutton 1977). To muddle the taxonomy of Dothiorella further Crous & Palm (1999) reduced Dothiorella to synonymy with Diplodia by using a morphologically broad concept. ...
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Members of the Botryosphaeriaceae are cosmopolitan fungi that may exist as seemingly innocuous endophytes or as destructive pathogens of numerous woody hosts, including fruit and nut crops, urban ornamental trees and shrubs, and forest trees. Surveys of bay laurel in northern California have revealed symptoms of dieback and branch canker of unknown aetiology. The goals of this study were to identify and clarify the species of Botryosphaeriaceae associated with these symptoms and to confirm their pathogenicity. To understand the role of members of the Botryosphaeriaceae in the dieback and canker disease of bay laurel, 23 isolates were isolated fromsymptomatic wood. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS, translation elongation factor 1-a, and beta-tubulin revealed three species: Botryosphaeria dothidea, Neofusicoccum nonquaesitum, and the newly described and typified species Dothiorella californica sp. nov. When select isolates were inoculated to 2- to 3-year-old branches of Umbellularia californica in a natural forest, both B. dothidea and N. nonquaesitum were pathogenic with N. nonquaesitum producing the largest lesions at 12- and 18-months post inoculation, respectively, while Do. californica did not cause wood lesions significantly greater than the mock-inoculated controls. This study represents the first attempt to identify and test the pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with dieback and canker disease of bay laurel in a northern California forest.
... 1884, which is a later homonym of Dothiorella pyrenophora Sacc. 1880 (Sutton 1977). To muddle the taxonomy of Dothiorella further Crous & Palm (1999) reduced Dothiorella to synonymy with Diplodia by using a morphologically broad concept.Phillips et al. (2005)reestablished Dothiorella to encompass species that produce conidia that darken at an early stage and become 1septate before releasing from conidiogenous cells within pycnidia. ...
Article
Fungi Taxonomy Umbellularia californica Wood pathogens a b s t r a c t Members of the Botryosphaeriaceae are cosmopolitan fungi that may exist as seemingly innocuous endophytes or as destructive pathogens of numerous woody hosts, including fruit and nut crops, urban ornamental trees and shrubs, and forest trees. Surveys of bay laurel in northern California have revealed symptoms of dieback and branch canker of unknown ae-tiology. The goals of this study were to identify and clarify the species of Botryosphaeriaceae associated with these symptoms and to confirm their pathogenicity. To understand the role of members of the Botryosphaeriaceae in the dieback and canker disease of bay laurel, 23 isolates were isolated from symptomatic wood. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS, translation elongation factor 1-a, and beta-tubulin revealed three species: Botryosphaeria dothidea, Neo-fusicoccum nonquaesitum, and the newly described and typified species Dothiorella californica sp. nov. When select isolates were inoculated to 2-to 3-year-old branches of Umbellularia californica in a natural forest, both B. dothidea and N. nonquaesitum were pathogenic with N. nonquaesitum producing the largest lesions at 12-and 18-months post inoculation, respectively , while Do. californica did not cause wood lesions significantly greater than the mock-inoculated controls. This study represents the first attempt to identify and test the pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with dieback and canker disease of bay laurel in a northern California forest.
... The type species of Septomyxa, S. aesculi, and Cryptodiaporthe, C. aesculi, are both regarded as Plagiostoma aesculi (Mejia et al. 2011a), thus those later generic names are synonyms of Plagiostoma. Sutton (1977) listed six additional generic synonyms of Diplodina but this synonymy could not be confirmed. Plagiostoma, Cryptodiaporthe, and Diplodina, but not Septomyxa, are listed in Kirk et al. (2013), thus Cryptodiaporthe and Diplodina should be deleted. ...
Article
In advancing to one name for fungi, this paper treats generic names competing for use in the order Diaporthales (Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes) and makes a recommendation for the use or protection of one generic name among synonymous names that may be either sexually or asexually typified. A table is presented that summarizes these recommendations. Among the genera most commonly encountered in this order, Cytospora is recommended over Valsa and Diaporthe over Phomopsis. New combinations are introduced for the oldest epithet of important species in the recommended genus. These include Amphiporthe tiliae, Coryneum lanciforme, Cytospora brevispora, C. ceratosperma, C. cinereostroma, C. eugeniae, C. fallax, C. myrtagena, Diaporthe amaranthophila, D. annonacearum, D. bougainvilleicola, D. caricae-papayae, D. cocoina, D. cucurbitae, D. juniperivora, D. leptostromiformis, D. pterophila, D. theae, D. vitimegaspora, Mastigosporella georgiana, Pilidiella angustispora, P. calamicola, P. pseudogranati, P. stromatica, and P. terminaliae.
... 1884, which is a later homonym of Dothiorella pyrenophora Sacc. 1880 (Sutton 1977). To muddle the taxonomy of Dothiorella further Crous & Palm (1999) reduced Dothiorella to synonymy with Diplodia by using a morphologically broad concept. ...
Conference Paper
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Species in the Botryosphaeriaceae are cosmopolitan and may act as saprobes, endophytes, or destructive plant pathogens in many natural and man-made environments. Botryosphaeriaceous fungi were collected from cankers in declining California bay laurel trees (Umbellularia californica) in Northern California and identified via morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Three species (Botryosphaeria dothidea, Neofusicoccum nonquaesitum, and Dothiorella californica sp. nov.) were revealed based on phylogenetic analyses of three loci (ITS, beta-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-alpha). This study represents the first report of B. dothidea and any Dothiorella species from California bay laurel. Pathogenicity testing performed on 2 to 4-year-old twigs of U. californica revealed that B. dothidea and N. nonquaesitum caused significantly longer lesions as compared to the mock-inoculated control. Neofusicoccum nonquaesitum produced the largest lesions averaging 8 cm at 12 months post-inoculation, and 22 cm at 24 months. The newly described species, Dothiorella californica, did not cause lesions significantly larger than the control in U. californica. To our knowledge, this is the first study that examines the diversity and role of botryosphaeriaceous taxa associated with canker disease of California bay laurel in natural ecosystems.
... In their comprehensive treatment of the Pyrenomycetes, Petrak and Sydow (1927) (Sutton, 1977). As pointed out by Sutton (1980), the type species of Dothiorella should be cited as Dothiorella pyrenophora Sacc. ...
Article
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The disease of grapevines known as excoriose has been the source of a certain amount of controversy. Much of this concerns the identity of the causal agent and this has been further confounded by the taxonomic problems of the fungal pathogens associated with this disease. Many of these problems have now been resolved and it is clear that excoriose is caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea while cane blight and leaf spot is caused by Phomopsis viticola. However, although at least five different species of Phomopsis are currently known to be associated with grapevines, only P. viticola causes cane blight and leaf spot. The role played by the other species of fungi is not clear, but they may be weak pathogens, saprophytes or endophytes.
... Von ihm stammt auch der noch gültige Name Lophodermium cedrinum Maire. Labrella wird heute als zweifelhafte Gattung (nomen dubium) angesehen (SUTTON, 1977), mit Aufteilung der bisher unter Labrella aufgeführten Pilze auf verschiedene andere Gattungen (SUTTON, 1980). Eine weitere Angabe über das Vorkommen des Pilzes auf Cedrus atlantica stammt von ABOUROUH und MORELET (1999), die diese Art in einer Liste parasitischer Pilze aus dem Atlasgebirge aufführen, mit dem Vermerk, dass Lophodermium cedrinum in Frankreich allerdings noch nicht gefunden worden sei. ...
Article
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In spring 2014 a needle disease on young trees of Cedrus atlantica, C. deodara as well as C. libani was observed in a tree nursery in Lower Saxony, Germany. The disease is characterized by yellow-brown needle discolorization, followed by needle cast. The hypodermataceous ascomycete Lophodermium cedrinum Maire was revealed as causal pathogen. Disease symptoms and morphological criteria of the fungus are described, supplemented with illustrations. The needle parasite was reported for Northern Africa and Asia until now. Therefore this is the first report on this fungus in Germany or rather Europe. Aspects of phytosanitary measures are discussed.
... These two taxa were previously assigned to Diplodia and Macrodiplodia, respectively (Petrak & Sydow 1927, Sutton 1964. Several years later, Sutton re-examining these taxa and placed them in their own genus, Stenocarpella (Sutton 1977(Sutton , 1980. Recent phylogenetic studies confirmed that these taxa indeed cluster by themselves within the Diaporthales , Lamprecht et al. 2011, supporting the decision of Sutton (1980 Notes: Not much is known about this septoria-like genus, except that it is distinguished from Septoria by having setae on its pycnidia with 1-2-septate, hyaline conidia. ...
Article
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Septoria represents a genus of plant pathogenic fungi with a wide geographic distribution, commonly associated with leaf spots and stem cankers of a broad range of plant hosts. A major aim of this study was to resolve the phylogenetic generic limits of Septoria, Stagonospora, and other related genera such as Sphaerulina, Phaeosphaeria and Phaeoseptoria using sequences of the the partial 28S nuclear ribosomal RNA and RPB2 genes of a large set of isolates. Based on these results Septoria is shown to be a distinct genus in the Mycosphaerellaceae, which has mycosphaerella-like sexual morphs. Several septoria-like species are now accommodated in Sphaerulina, a genus previously linked to this complex. Phaeosphaeria (based on P. oryzae) is shown to be congeneric with Phaeoseptoria (based on P. papayae), which is reduced to synonymy under the former. Depazea nodorum (causal agent of nodorum blotch of cereals) and Septoria avenae (causal agent of avenae blotch of barley and rye) are placed in a new genus, Parastagonospora, which is shown to be distinct from Stagonospora (based on S. paludosa) and Phaeosphaeria. Partial nucleotide sequence data for five gene loci, ITS, LSU, EF-1α, RPB2 and Btub were generated for all of these isolates. A total of 47 clades or genera were resolved, leading to the introduction of 14 new genera, 36 new species, and 19 new combinations
... Notes: The genus Sphaerellopsis was introduced by Sutton (1977) and is typified with S. filum (basionym; Sphaeria filum). Species of Sphaerellopsis are well-known mycoparasites occurring on a wide range of rusts and play a potential role as biocontrol agents (Trakunyingcharoen et al. 2014). ...
Article
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Leptosphaeriaceae is a family in the order Pleosporales comprising economically important plant pathogens. Species may also be endophytes or saprobes on various host plants. In recent classifications Alternariaster, Leptosphaeria, Neophaeosphaeria, Paraleptosphaeria, Heterospora, Subplenodomus and Plenodomus were included in the family. The taxonomy of genera and species in Leptosphaeriaceae has been problematic due to the lack of understanding of the importance of morphological characters used to distinguish taxa, as well as the lack of reference strains. In order to establish evolutionary relationships and to provide a backbone tree for Leptosphaeria and allied genera, we sequenced the 18S nrDNA, 28S nrDNA, ITS, RPB2, TEF and ACT gene regions of Leptosphaeriaceae species and analysed this data. Multi-locus phylogenies together with morphology robustly support the monophyletic nature of Leptosphaeriaceae among the other families in Pleosporales, and the inclusion of the genera Alternariaster, Heterospora, Leptosphaeria, Paraleptosphaeria, Sphaerellopsis, Subplenodomus, Plenodomus and three novel genera Alloleptosphaeria, Neoleptosphaeria and Pseudoleptosphaeria. Five new species, Alternariaster centaureae-diffusae, Leptosphaeria cichorium, Paraleptosphaeria rubi, Plenodomus guttulatus and P. salviae are introduced. An account of sexual morph of Alternariaster centaureae-diffusae is provided, and the sexual morph of Leptosphaeria doliolum is re-described and illustrated using modern concepts from fresh collections. A novel family Neophaeosphaeriaceae is established to accommodate the genus Neophaeosphaeria and its species.
... Traditionally, morphological characters and host-association have been used to classify Discosia to species (Subramanian & Reddy 1974, Sutton 1980, Vanev 1991, 1992a, Nag Raj 1993. However, most species in this genus have overlapping characters, such as the location of the conidial septa and appendages, varying proportional lengths of conidial cells, and overall conidium size (Sutton 1977, 1980, Nag Raj 1993, Jeewon et al. 2002, Barber et al. 2011, Tanaka et al. 2011. The classification, validity, and delimitation of this genus have been problematic (Subramanian & Reddy 1974, Vanev 1991, 1992b, Sotton 1980, Nag Raj 1993, Jeewon et al. 2002. ...
Article
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Two fresh collections of Discosia were made from dead leaves of Fagus sylvatica in Italy. As these collections could not be cultured, the fruiting bodies were directly used for sequencing using a Forensic DNA Extraction Kit. Based on analyses of the concatenated internal transcribed spacer regions of the nrDNA operon (ITS) and large subunit rDNA (LSU) gene sequences, as well as morphological characters, the fresh collections are introduced as two new species, namely D. italica and D. fagi. Phylogenetically, these two species are distinct from all other Discosia species. Morphologically, D. italica is somewhat similar with D. fagi, but can be distinguished using dimension of conidiomata and conidiogenous cells. Descriptions and illustrations of the new taxa are provided herein.
... Clements & Shear (1931) considered Allantophomopsis a synonym of Phoma. Based on their conidial morphology, Sutton (1977) regarded Allantophomopsis to be synonymous with Ceuthospora. However, Carris (1990) regarded the morphology of the conidiomata, conidiophores and conidia as valuable characters to distinguish Allantophomopsis from both Phoma and Ceuthospora, but not from Apostrasseria. ...
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The present paper represents the second contribution in the Genera of Fungi series, linking type species of fungal genera to their morphology and DNA sequence data, and where possible, ecology. This paper focuses on 12 genera of microfungi, 11 of which the type species are neo- or epitypified here: Allantophomopsis (A. cytisporea, Phacidiaceae, Phacidiales, Leotiomycetes), Latorua gen. nov. (Latorua caligans, Latoruaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes), Macrodiplodiopsis (M. desmazieri, Macrodiplodiopsidaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes), Macrohilum (M. eucalypti, Macrohilaceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes), Milospium (M. graphideorum, incertae sedis, Pezizomycotina), Protostegia (P. eucleae, Mycosphaerellaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes), Pyricularia (P. grisea, Pyriculariaceae, Magnaporthales, Sordariomycetes), Robillarda (R. sessilis, Robillardaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes), Rutola (R. graminis, incertae sedis, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes), Septoriella (S. phragmitis, Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes), Torula (T. herbarum, Torulaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) and Wojnowicia (syn. of Septoriella, S. hirta, Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). Novel species include Latorua grootfonteinensis, Robillarda africana, R. roystoneae, R. terrae, Torula ficus, T. hollandica, and T. masonii spp. nov., and three new families: Macrodiplodiopsisceae, Macrohilaceae, and Robillardaceae. Authors interested in contributing accounts of individual genera to larger multi-authored papers to be published in IMA Fungus, should contact the associate editors listed for the major groups of fungi on the List of Protected Generic Names for Fungi (www.generaoffungi.org).
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The genus Elsinoe contains many aggressive pathogens of a wide range of plants, many of which are economically important. These fungal pathogens cause serious scab diseases affecting various plant parts, impacting plant vigour, yield and market value. While studies on Elsinoe species have predominantly focused on their taxonomy, there is a conspicuous gap in knowledge of these fungi from a plant pathology perspective. In this review, we draw together and critically evaluate the existing, but rather fragmented, research on the taxonomic status, phylogenetic relationships, host range, as well as the biology and epidemiology of Elsinoe species. Our aim is primarily to augment the existing understanding of the global significance of Elsinoe species, and furthermore, to shed light on the escalating prominence of scab diseases caused by species in a fungal genus that has been known for over 100 years but remains relatively poorly understood and somewhat enigmatic.
Chapter
The genus Phoma is a cosmopolitan group of fungi and has always been considered as one of the largest fungal genera. Initially, it comprised more than 3000 taxa. Such a large number of species included within Phoma were related to the use of nomenclature mainly based on the characteristics of the host plant and marginalization of micromorphological properties. Intensive work carried out by Dutch mycologists who had studied the morphology of those fungi in constant conditions on artificial media since 1992 resulted in their division into nine sections. The results of 40 years of taxonomic researches based on the properties of Phoma species led to the reduced number of species to 223, which were presented in handbook, including also the key, concerning their identification, cultural characteristics, terminology and classification. However, the high phylogenetic heterogeneity of the species in the Phoma sections negated the existing division of the genus into sections and caused the necessity to reclassify. Nowadays, Phoma belongs to Didymellaceae, which is considered as one of the largest families in the fungal kingdom, including more than 5400 species belonging to at least 36 genera that have been recorded, comprising recently established genera such as Neoascochyta and Paraboeremia and historical ones such as Ascochyta, Didymella and Phoma. Although the molecular techniques can greatly contribute to identification and taxonomy of Phoma species, the secondary metabolite profiling should also be evaluated as one of the relevant factors which could be useful to distinguish fungi within Phoma complex, in association with morphological characteristics as the taxonomical diagnostic tool.
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The objectives of this study were to determine the phylogenetic relationships of species of Leptosphaeria and Phaeosphaeria and evaluate the phylogenetic significance of morphological characters of the teleomorph, anamorph, and host. Sequences of the entire ITS region, including the 5.8S rDNA, of 59 isolates representing 54 species were analyzed and the phylogeny inferred using parsimony and distance analyses. Isolates grouped into three well-supported clades. The results of this study support the separation of Phaeosphaeria from Leptosphaeria sensu stricto. Leptosphaeria bicolor and the morphologically similar Leptosphaeria taiwanensis formed a separate, well-supported clade. We conclude that peridial wall morphology, anamorph characteristics, and to a lesser extent host, are phylogenetically significant at the generic level. Ascospore and conidial morphology are taxonomically useful at the species level.
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This paper represents the first article in a series on Yunnanese microfungi. We herein provide insights into Magnolia species associated with microfungi. All presented data are reported from the Kunming Botanical Gardens. Final conclusions were derived from the morphological examination of specimens coupled with phylogenetic sequence data to better integrate taxa into appropriate taxonomic ranks and infer their relationships. Shearia formosa, the type species of Shearia, lacks type material, and its phylogenetic position accordingly remains unresolved. A fresh collection of Shearia formosa, obtained from Magnolia denudata and M. soulangeana in China, therefore, designated a neotype for stabilizing the application of the species and/or genus name. Phylogenetic analyses of a combined DNA data matrix containing SSU, LSU, RPB2 and TEF loci of representative Pleosporales revealed that the genera Crassiperidium, Longiostiolum and Shearia are a well-defined monophylum. It is recognized as the family Longiostiolaceae and strongly supported by Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood methods. Its members are characterized by immersed to semi-immersed, globose to subglobose ascomata with a central, periphysate ostiole, a peridium composed of rectangular to polygonal cells, cylindrical to clavate asci, broadly fusiform, hyaline to pale brown ascospores, a coelomycetous asexual morph with pycnidial conidiomata, enteroblastic, annellidic, ampulliform, doliiform or cylindrical conidiogenous cells and cylindrical to fusiform, transverse and sometimes laterally distoseptate conidia without a sheath or with a basal lateral sheath. Nigrograna magnoliae sp. nov. is introduced from Magnolia denudata with both asexual and sexual morphs. We observed the asexual morph of Brunneofusispora sinensis from the culture and therefore amended the generic and species descriptions of Brunneofusispora.
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Coelomycete is a general term used for asexual fungi which produce conidia in fruiting bodies: pycnidial, acervular, cupulate, pycnothyria or stromatic conidiomata. The group contains numerous plant pathogenic, saprobic and endophytic species associated with a wide range of hosts. Traditionally, morphological characters and host associations have been used as criteria to identify and classify coelomycetes, and this has resulted in a poor understanding of their generic and species boundaries. DNA based taxonomic studies have provided a better outlook of the phylogenetic and evolutionary trends in coelomycetes. However, the present outcomes represent only a preliminary step towards the understanding of coelomycetes. Many genera have not been revisited since they were first described. The present study revises the classification of the hyaline-spored coelomycetes and provides a modern taxonomic framework based on both morphology and phylogeny. In total, 248 genera were investigated, of which less than 100 are known to have sequence data. Multi-locus sequence data analyses of 28S nrDNA, 18S nrDNA, ITS, RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), and part of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef1) and β-tubulin (tub2) gene regions were analysed. As a result, three new genera and 23 new species are introduced. In addition, three new links between sexual and asexual genera are provided. There are 138 genera that lack sequence data, and these are treated as Ascomycota, genera incertae sedis. Line drawings and descriptions are provided based on the examination of types and fresh collections and on the literature.
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Phyllachora proteae is a well known leaf pathogen of Protea spp. In the present study this fungus was recollected from several genera and species of Proteaceae in the Western Cape province of South Africa, and its taxonomy was reassessed. Single ascospore cultures produced a Fusicoccum anamorph in culture, described here as F. proteae. A microconidial synanamorph with narrowly ellipsoidal, brown, thick-walled conidia was commonly associated with F. proteae in culture. Based on its bitunicate asci, as well as pseudothecial and ascospore morphology, a new combination for P. proteae is proposed in Botryosphaeria, as B. proteae.
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This article is the ninth in the series of Fungal Diversity Notes, where 107 taxa distributed in three phyla, nine classes, 31 orders and 57 families are described and illustrated. Taxa described in the present study include 12 new genera, 74 new species, three new combinations, two reference specimens, a re-circumscription of the epitype, and 15 records of sexual-asexual morph connections, new hosts and new geographical distributions. Twelve new genera comprise Brunneofusispora, Brunneomurispora, Liua, Lonicericola, Neoeutypella, Paratrimmatostroma, Parazalerion, Proliferophorum, Pseudoastrosphaeriellopsis, Septomelanconiella, Velebitea and Vicosamyces. Seventy-four new species are Agaricus memnonius, A. langensis, Aleurodiscus patagonicus, Amanita flavoalba, A. subtropicana, Amphisphaeria mangrovei, Baorangia major, Bartalinia kunmingensis, Brunneofusispora sinensis, Brunneomurispora lonicerae, Capronia camelliae-yunnanensis, Clavulina thindii, Coniochaeta simbalensis, Conlarium thailandense, Coprinus trigonosporus, Liua muriformis, Cyphellophora filicis, Cytospora ulmicola, Dacrymyces invisibilis, Dictyocheirospora metroxylonis, Distoseptispora thysanolaenae, Emericellopsis koreana, Galiicola baoshanensis, Hygrocybe lucida, Hypoxylon teeravasati, Hyweljonesia indica, Keissleriella caraganae, Lactarius olivaceopallidus, Lactifluus midnapurensis, Lembosia brigadeirensis, Leptosphaeria urticae, Lonicericola hyaloseptispora, Lophiotrema mucilaginosis, Marasmiellus bicoloripes, Marasmius indojasminodorus, Micropeltis phetchaburiensis, Mucor orantomantidis, Murilentithecium lonicerae, Neobambusicola brunnea, Neoeutypella baoshanensis, Neoroussoella heveae, Neosetophoma lonicerae, Ophiobolus malleolus, Parabambusicola thysanolaenae, Paratrimmatostroma kunmingensis, Parazalerion indica, Penicillium dokdoense, Peroneutypa mangrovei, Phaeosphaeria cycadis, Phanerochaete australosanguinea, Plectosphaerella kunmingensis, Plenodomus artemisiae, P. lijiangensis, Proliferophorum thailandicum, Pseudoastrosphaeriellopsis kaveriana, Pseudohelicomyces menglunicus, Pseudoplagiostoma mangiferae, Robillarda mangiferae, Roussoella elaeicola, Russula choptae, R. uttarakhandia, Septomelanconiella thailandica, Spencermartinsia acericola, Sphaerellopsis isthmospora, Thozetella lithocarpi, Trechispora echinospora, Tremellochaete atlantica, Trichoderma koreanum, T. pinicola, T. rugulosum, Velebitea chrysotexta, Vicosamyces venturisporus, Wojnowiciella kunmingensis and Zopfiella indica. Three new combinations are Baorangia rufomaculata, Lanmaoa pallidorosea and Wojnowiciella rosicola. The reference specimens of Canalisporium kenyense and Tamsiniella labiosa are designated. The epitype of Sarcopeziza sicula is re-circumscribed based on cyto- and histochemical analyses. The sexual-asexual morph connection of Plenodomus sinensis is reported from ferns and Cirsium for the first time. In addition, the new host records and country records are Amanita altipes, A. melleialba, Amarenomyces dactylidis, Chaetosphaeria panamensis, Coniella vitis, Coprinopsis kubickae, Dothiorella sarmentorum, Leptobacillium leptobactrum var. calidus, Muyocopron lithocarpi, Neoroussoella solani, Periconia cortaderiae, Phragmocamarosporium hederae, Sphaerellopsis paraphysata and Sphaeropsis eucalypticola.
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Hyalothyridium leaf spot of maize is prevalent in several Latin American countries, but has not been found in the United States. It occurs in humid areas at high and low altitudes, and can be severe during rainy seasons. Leaf spots range from small, tan, elliptical spots with brown borders to large almost circular brown blotches that enlarge up to 1.5 cm in diam, sometimes so numerous that most of the leaf surface is covered. In both types of lesions there are pycnidia bearing large, hyaline, dictyosporous conidia of a Hyalothyridium species in close association with similar bodies bearing spermatium-like cells that may be part of the life cycle. The history of the genus and its relationship to Camarosporium is discussed, and the maize fungus is described as a new species.
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