No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the author.
What is CDA about. A summary of its history, important concepts and its developments
... Political linguistics covers the various fields involved, including speech acts, textual linguistics (CDA), and critical discourse analysis: general linguistics, translation and literature biology, social sociology, anthropology, and philosophy. The field of critical applied linguistics is CDA according to [1]. ...
... He argues that critical discourse analysis (CDA) always incorporates four viewpoints: power, history, ideology, and critique. The dominant language is not dominant from a CDA point of view; instead, strong people use language to establish and retain their au thority [1]. ...
... A comprehensive grasp of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) necessitates a deep comprehension of Halliday's fundamental concepts of grammatical structure and his approach to linguistic analysis according to [1]. He did not use Hallidean linguistics as the foundation for his analyses and theories. ...
This study critiques President Bush’s speeches on the Iraq war and terrorism through the lens of Chilton's emotional theory, highlighting the complex relationship between language emotion and politically persuasive belief. The study, which deconstructed five significant speeches between 2001 and 2003, reveals how Bush used emotional rhetoric to stir public sentiment and justify military action. Using a rigorous approach to discourse analysis, the study identified eight vital emotional components, such as fear of attack and safety. It showed. It showed that 59% of the sentences analyzed were designed to evoke specific emotional responses. The findings underscore the strategic use of language in political discourse, demonstrating how emotional manipulation serves as a means to influence public opinion and legitimize the legitimacy of controversial policies. Moreover, Political speech is a powerful linguistic tool in world politics that can identify the destiny of countries under the conditions of war. Therefore, it is worth investigating the strategies that politicians apply in their political speeches to achieve their political goals. This study critically examines President Bush's speech on the Iraq war and terrorism through Chilton's emotional theory. The study shows that political discourse is not just a means for information but a powerful tool for shaping public sentiment and guiding decision-making. Using emotional language, Bush effectively instilled feelings of fear and belief that were critical to winning public support for military action. The dominant themes of lingering memories of 11 served to incite fear, while assertions about American military strength and security boosted confidence.
... It investigates how media portrays Ukrainian refugees in comparison to the `other refugees, as well as the racial bias towards the Ukrainian refugees and against other refugees from other areas who live in Ukraine. It's more concerned with the representation of Ukrainian refugees in media reports, on Twitter, etc., from the perspective of critical discourse analysis, according to Wodak's (2001;2009) discoursehistorical approach and van Dijk's (2008) sociological representation of social 2 actors. The selected data are analysed at two levels: linguistic and ideological. ...
... Furthermore, using van Dijk's (1991Dijk's ( , 1995Dijk's ( , 2000 socio-cognitive method, Wodak's (2001) discourse-historical approach, and van Leeuwen's (1996) sociological categories of actor representation, KhosraviNik (2009) Wodak's (2001) discourse historical approach and van Leeuwen's (1996;2008) sociological categories of actor representation, the study seeks to examine how immigrants, refugees, and asylum seekers are portrayed in the British press. The Guardian, which represents the liberal left wing press, and the Telegraph, which represents the right wing, conservative press, were also investigated. ...
... Furthermore, using van Dijk's (1991Dijk's ( , 1995Dijk's ( , 2000 socio-cognitive method, Wodak's (2001) discourse-historical approach, and van Leeuwen's (1996) sociological categories of actor representation, KhosraviNik (2009) Wodak's (2001) discourse historical approach and van Leeuwen's (1996;2008) sociological categories of actor representation, the study seeks to examine how immigrants, refugees, and asylum seekers are portrayed in the British press. The Guardian, which represents the liberal left wing press, and the Telegraph, which represents the right wing, conservative press, were also investigated. ...
Media discourse plays a salient role in the portrayal of Ukrainian refugees who fled Ukraine during the Russian invasion in a different way of the other refugees from non European countries. The aim of this paper is to critically examine the most common terms that are utilised by media news reports in representing Ukrainian and non-Ukrainian refugees. It investigates how media portrays Ukrainian refugees in comparison to the `other refugees, as well as the racial bias towards the Ukrainian refugees and against other refugees from other areas who live in Ukraine. It's more concerned with the representation of Ukrainian refugees in media reports, on Twitter, etc., from the perspective of critical discourse analysis, according to Wodak's (2001; 2009) discourse-historical approach and van Dijk's (2008) sociological representation of social 2 actors. The selected data are analysed at two levels: linguistic and ideological. the result of this study are summed up in the conclusion. ملخص البحث با ا ً دور اإلعالمي الخطاب يلعب أوكرا من فروا الذين األوكرانيين الالجئين تصوير في ا رزً أثناء نيا الروسي الغزو اخرى بلدان من الالجئين عن مختلفة بصورة هو البحث هذا من الهدف. ودرا تقمص سة المصطلحات في اإلعالم لوسائل اإلخبارية التقارير تستخدمها التي ًا شيوع األكثر وصف الالج ئين وغير األوكرانيين األوكرانيين. الدراسة تتناول األو لالجئين اإلعالم وسائل تصوير كيفية كرانيين مقا رنة ب وضد األوكرانيين الالجئين تجاه العنصري التحيز عن ً فضال ، اآلخرين الالجئين ال الجئين ا آل من خرين أخرى مناطق كانوا الذين األوكرا الالجئين بتمثيل أكثر األمر يتعلق أوكرانيا. في يعيشون ت في نيين قارير النقدي الخطاب تحليل منظور من ، ذلك إلى وما ، تويتر على ، اإلعالم وسائل. الكلمات المفتاحية : ، األوكرانيون ، الالجئون ، النقدي الخطاب تحليل ، إعالمية تقارير العنصرية
... Critical Linguistics (CL) is founded by J. H. Thompson (1984) and the Frankfurt School. Wodak (2001) [16] states that using Discourse and language can lead to constructing social actions that explain systematic analysis. Hodges & Nilep (2007) [6] view the term "critical" in discourse analysis as "implying a broad understanding of critical scholarship" (p.04). ...
... Critical Linguistics (CL) is founded by J. H. Thompson (1984) and the Frankfurt School. Wodak (2001) [16] states that using Discourse and language can lead to constructing social actions that explain systematic analysis. Hodges & Nilep (2007) [6] view the term "critical" in discourse analysis as "implying a broad understanding of critical scholarship" (p.04). ...
... This section outlines the analysis of the selected new report from the BBC entitled " Gaza aid ship expected to sail from Cyprus." The researcher examines this news report by adopting Wodak's (2001; [17] discourse-historical approach and van Leeuwen's (1996; 2008) [16] sociological categories of actor representation. Each sentence in a news report is studied according to two levels: linguistic and ideological. ...
... Critical Linguistics (CL) is founded by J. H. Thompson (1984) and the Frankfurt School. Wodak (2001) [16] states that using Discourse and language can lead to constructing social actions that explain systematic analysis. Hodges & Nilep (2007) [6] view the term "critical" in discourse analysis as "implying a broad understanding of critical scholarship" (p.04). ...
... Critical Linguistics (CL) is founded by J. H. Thompson (1984) and the Frankfurt School. Wodak (2001) [16] states that using Discourse and language can lead to constructing social actions that explain systematic analysis. Hodges & Nilep (2007) [6] view the term "critical" in discourse analysis as "implying a broad understanding of critical scholarship" (p.04). ...
... This section outlines the analysis of the selected new report from the BBC entitled " Gaza aid ship expected to sail from Cyprus." The researcher examines this news report by adopting Wodak's (2001; [17] discourse-historical approach and van Leeuwen's (1996; 2008) [16] sociological categories of actor representation. Each sentence in a news report is studied according to two levels: linguistic and ideological. ...
This paper applies critical discourse analysis (CDA)theories to media discourse. The researcher selects the humanitarian crisis in Gaze after the 7 October Palestinian attack on Israel and how Israel responded aggressively. A few studies have applied critical discourse theories to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Kandil (2009) studies Corpus-Based Critical Discourse Analysis of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict in Arab, British, and American Media. On the other hand, Yasmin Aldadah (2018) wrote her M.A. thesis about the Jerusalem Conflict on BBC and AJE. Ahmed and Hussain (2022) and Raza, Hakimi, and Malik (2023) also study the Israel-Palestine conflict. However, none of the studies examines the Israel-Palestine conflict after the 7 October 2023 attacks and its massive effect on innocent women and children in Gaze. Moreover, this study aims to investigate BBC news reports depicting this humanitarian crisis according to Wodak’s (2001; 2009) discourse-historical approach and van Leeuwen’s (2008) sociological representation of social actors to fill this gap in the study. The selected news report is analyzed at two levels: linguistic and ideological. The researchers conclude that political Discourse dramatically affects the lives of innocent women and children. This paper addresses the following research questions: • What macro-topics are associated with representing Gaza’s humanitarian crisis in the BBC News report? • What micro-strategies and categories are associated with representing Gaza’s humanitarian crisis in the BBC News report? • How do macro-topics and micro-strategies uncover the ideology of the participant?
... Van Leeuwen (1993: 193) Halliday'in (1978) Dizgeci İşlevsel Dilbilgisi yönteminden faydalanarak metin çözümlemeleri yapmaktadır. Kress (1989) ise temsili medyanın siyasal ekonomisine odaklanmakta ve çeşitli toplumların farklı temsil biçimlerine nasıl değer verdiğini ve bu farklı temsil biçimlerini nasıl kullandıklarını anlamaya çalışmaktadır; öte yandan, Fowler (1991Fowler ( , 1996 Wodak (1996aWodak ( -b,1989Wodak ( , 2001Wodak ( , 2009Wodak ( , 2011Wodak ( , 2013 ise dil ve toplumsal gerçekliği tarihsel bir düzleme taşımaktadır. Söylem-Tarihsel ...
... Dil toplumda ideolojinin, iktidarın, egemenliğin yapılanması ve sürdürülebilirliği için toplumsal kimlik ve eşitsizliklere ilişkin sorunlara çözüm üretmede önemli bir araç olarak düşünülmektedir. Wodak (1996ab) (Wodak 1996(Wodak , 1989(Wodak , 2001(Wodak , 2009(Wodak , 2011(Wodak , 2013 İngiltere'nin toplumsal değerlerine karşı bir tehdit oluşturduğunu ortaya çıkarmaya çalışmıştır. Sözgelimi, derlenen metinlerdeki yüklemlemelerden "bütün inanmayanları yönetmeyi son çare olarak kullanıyor", "demokratik olmayan", "demokrasiye bir tehdittir" anlatıları açık yüklemleme örneği olarak sunulmaktadır. ...
... Wodak (1996a-b) states that the understanding of power and ideology by those working in the fields of linguistics, semiotics and discourse analysis has historically differed and a critical perspective should be examined within the scope of Critical Discourse Analysis with the combination of these fields. Discourse-Historical Approach, which is one of the Critical Discourse Analysis methods, aims to examine language use in a contextbased approach by making use of the above sentence level as well as the signs, sounds and other forms of conveying meaning (Wodak 1996(Wodak , 1989(Wodak , 2001(Wodak , 2009(Wodak , 2011(Wodak , 2013. Taking Discourse-Historical Approach into account, it could be stated that the linguistic systems are organized in a systematic way for the purpose of communication. ...
Esra KÜÇÜKSAKARYA a a Araş. Gör., Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Dilbilim Bölümü, ORCID:0000-0002-3103-9608. MAKALE BİLGİLERİ ÖZET Kitle iletişim araçlarından olan gazeteler okuyucuya gündem hakkında bilgi sunmayı hedeflemektedir. Gazetelerin alttürlerini oluşturan metinlerden köşe yazıları ve haber metinleri, yazarların gündem hakkındaki görüşlerini ve iktidarın söylemini okuyucu kitlesine aktardıkları metinler olmalarının yanı sıra, okuyucuyu kendi dünya görüşleri çerçevesinde düşündürmeye yönelik metinlerdir. Gazete metinlerinin okuyucuyu inandırma hedefleri doğrultusunda kalıplaşmış dilsel anlatılara başvurduklarından ve toplumsal olayların çözümlenmesinde söz konusu anlatıların Eleştirel Söylem Çözümlemesi yöntemiyle incelenmesinin gerekliliğinden söz edilebilir. Bu noktadan hareketle, bu çalışmada 31 Mart 2019 tarihinde gerçekleşen Türkiye yerel seçimlerine ilişkin haberlerin yer aldığı Habertürk ve Yeni Akit gazetelerinin bir hafta boyunca yayınladıkları haber metinleri ve köşe yazıları Eleştirel Söylem Çözümlemesi yöntemlerinden biri olan Söylem-Tarihsel Yaklaşımın (Reisigl ve Wodak, 2009) yüklemleme stratejileri çerçevesinde incelenmiştir; ayrıca, söz konusu gazetelerin iktidar ve muhalefete karşı tutumlarının yüklemleme kullanımlarına nasıl yansıdığı değerlendirilmiştir. ABSTRACT Newspapers, which are among the mass media, aim to present information about the daily issues to the readers. Columns and news texts, which are regarded as subcategories of the newspapers are the texts that the writers reflect their own views about the agenda and convey the discourse of political power to the readers; besides, they are also texts intended to make the reader think within their own worldviews. It could be stated that newspaper texts make use of stereotyped linguistic expressions to persuade the readers and it seems necessary to investigate the social issues by means of Critical Discourse Analysis method. In this study, Habertürk and Yeni Akit newspapers, where columns and news texts related to Turkey's local elections that took place on the 31 st March 2019, were collected during one week and analysed within the framework of predication strategies of Discourse-Historical Approach, which is one of the Critical Discourse Analysis method (Reisigl ve Wodak, 2009). In addition, how the attitudes of the selected columns and news texts towards the political power and opposition were reflected on their predication strategies was evaluated.
... This explains why CDA analysts focus extensively on the cultural, historical, political, and social contexts in which relations of power are revealed. According to Wodak (2001), CDA examines the way language, power, and society are related and pays a great deal of attention to the important role that context plays in discourse. Luke (2002) argues that CDA bridges the gap between the linguistic and the cultural and social analyses of texts. ...
... Wodak's discourse-historical approach (DHA) puts a great deal of emphasis, as its name suggests, on the historical context and the role it plays in the interpretation of texts. Wodak (2001) stresses the importance of considering broader social contexts of discourse, and this comprises the real use of language (text), the link between genres, texts, and discourses, the institutional settings of discourse, and the larger social, historical, and political contexts. It is then the objective of the analyst to identify how power is functioning across these stages. ...
... In the current study, some information was gathered regarding the historical, political, and social background of the investigated texts, as illustrated in section 1.1. This information, as suggested by Wodak (2001), will be integrated in the analysis and interpretation of the investigated Arabic and English newspaper texts. ...
... This stance is in line with the principle of critical discourse studies. As Wodak (2001) maintains, the term "critical" in critical discourse analysis does not mean "negative" in common-sense, but rather it means opening complexity, showing the opaque structures of ideologies and power relations, and being reflexive in demonstrating research findings. We will further discuss our positionality in conducting this study and the implications for food policy makers and researchers in the data and method section. ...
... Specifically, we draw on Wodak's (2001Wodak's ( , 2015 discoursehistorical approach (DHA) for the analysis. DHA follows a topdown analytical process, starting with the examination of social practices (macro analysis) and then moving to specific textual analysis (micro analysis), creating a three-dimensional framework. ...
This study examines public discourses of genetically modified foods (GMFs) on Chinese social media WeChat. Through a discourse-historical approach, it focuses on how critics of GMFs discursively construct and legitimate their views against GMFs and explores the ideologies underpinning their distrust. Findings show that opponents employ metaphors, ironies, moralization, and intertextuality to emotionally and morally appeal against GMFs, creating tensions with modern agricultural discourses. The paper reflects on researchers’ stance as critical discourse analysts in analyzing such a significant yet controversial topic and demonstrates the importance of keeping a neutral, yet critical position in revealing the nuances of debates about GMFs. Implications for food policy researchers to address arguments against GMFs are also discussed in this paper.
... Our reliance on Fairclough"s (1993) framework is based on its focus on Hallidayan systemic functional linguistics (Halliday, 1978). Although the kinds of approaches to discourse are enormous in terms of their aims and procedures, (see for example, Foucaultian structuralism, Foucault 2000; Wodak"s 2001 discourse historical approach; and Van Dijk 2001 sociocognive interface of discourse), whichever approach analysts adopt, there is usually reference to Hallidayan (1978) concepts either implicitly or explicitly, implying that, an understanding of the basic claims of Halliday"s (1978) theory is essential for a proper understanding of discourse analysis (Wodak, 2001). Fairclough"s (2001) framework also focuses on the socially constructive nature of CSR communication, where companies negotiate responsibility processes with their stakeholders (Berger and Luckmann, 1966). ...
... It should be stressed that there is no one-size-fits-all methodological approach to discourse analysis (Meyer, 2001). Hence, we do not here produce a rigid how-to-do procedure (the linguistic framework only serves as a guide), since an important aspect of discourse perspectives is its flexibility (Wodak, 2001). Fairclough"s (1995) perspective particularly advocates transdisciplinary integration of various theories to suit a particular research aim (Jorgen and Philips, 2002). ...
With increased scrutiny of business and its activities, many companies have put corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the top of their agenda. However, the push for CSR has also given rise to the assumption that companies make false claims about their practices and policies. This paper explores how the six multinational telecommunications giants in Ghana present their CSR initiatives online. Using discourse analysis methods, the study examines and compares the CSR communication strategies the industry players adopt. The study finds that the companies demonstrate commitment to communicating CSR, emphasising more ethos than logos strategies which suggest credible CSR messages to a large extent. Relational values and the organisation of CSR messages were quite similar across the companies, although some strategies differed. The study not only suggests a linguistic framework for analysing CSR communication messages, it also provides new empirical data that adds to the growing body of literature on CSR communication particularly in the Ghanaian context where studies have been found to be sparse. Again, the findings deepen our understanding of CSR communication issues and its dynamics which will help managers identify potential gaps that may need improvement particularly in developing country contexts. With a few exceptions, a linguistic approach to examining CSR communication content has not received much scholarly attention.
... Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a research method that examines how language is used to communicate social and political issues, though "for CDA, language is not powerful on its ownit gains power by the use powerful people make of it" (Weiss & Wodak, 2003, p. 14). CDA aims to reveal the hidden meanings and power relations in discourse (Weiss & Wodak, 2003;Wodak, 2001), and to challenge them if they are unfair or oppressive. CDA is based on the idea that language is not neutral, rather reflects and shapes the worldviews of different groups of people (Waugh et al., 2016). ...
... CDA is based on the idea that language is not neutral, rather reflects and shapes the worldviews of different groups of people (Waugh et al., 2016). Analyzing the language, it can uncover the ideologies and values that are embedded in discourse (Weiss & Wodak, 2003;Dijk, 1998), and also shows how discourse is influenced by the historical, cultural, political, and social context in which it occurs (Wodak, 2001 An analysis of the publications of Strategic Studies Institutes of Russia, Ukraine, the US, the EU, and NATO from 1993 to 2014, carried out by Ilin & Nihmatova (2023), reveals the importance of ethno-territorial nationalism in Russian politics and ideology, which is the basis for hybrid warfare. ...
In a world inundated with diverse media narratives, the Russia-Ukraine conflict emerges as a focal point of contention, revealing a complex interplay of linguistic strategies and discursive tactics. This study aims to unravel the intricacies of lexical choices, and discursive techniques employed by Sputnik, BBC, and Fox News in their coverage of the Russia-Ukraine conflict through corpus-assisted discourse studies techniques. Three corpora were created comprising 5,347 articles with 5,829,747 tokens, sampled from February 2022 to February 2023. Moreover, Sputnik’s diction strategically employs the phrase “military operation” while eschewing “war”, portraying the conflict as a defensive, legitimate endeavour, thus reinforcing a Russian geopolitical narrative that recasts Ukraine not as a victim but as an active participant with extremist factions. BBC, in contrast, adopts a pro-Western stance, framing Ukraine as a victim and Russia as an aggressor. Fox News calls Russia’s action as an invasion, and highlights the individual roles of political leaders in shaping the conflict. However, to address the limitations of this study, future studies can expand the scope, sources, languages, and genres for analysis. Furthermore, media consumers need to practice media literacy, cross-checking, and critical analysis in the era of overloaded information in order to form well-rounded opinions on complex geopolitical events.
... Students working under the umbrella of schools of critical discourse analyzes will deal with different hypotheses and different areas of concern, but are bound by a concern regarding language replication of ideology. For example , the study of critical discourse investigates structural, political, gender and media discourses (Wodak, 2001) and how some social groups in different forms of discourse may be improperly or incorrectly portrayed. ...
... In defining the language distortion, the researcher used several topics set out by the social scientist as the key object. Data was analyzed using the Critical Discourse Analysis in which researchers look for example at discourse in different types (Wodak, 2001) and at the issue of institutional , political, gender and mediums (Wodak). The Ethics Committee for Research exempts from ethical concerns of research and respondents' confidentiality, since the research does not have a human respondent. ...
... CDA, as proposed by scholars such as Fairclough (1995), Van Dijk (2001), and Wodak (2001), offers a comprehensive framework for examining the complex interplay between language, power, and ideology in discourse (Fairclough, 1995;Van Dijk, 2001;Wodak, 2001). It seeks to uncover the ways in which discourse reflects and reproduces social structures, power relations, and ideological hegemony. ...
... CDA, as proposed by scholars such as Fairclough (1995), Van Dijk (2001), and Wodak (2001), offers a comprehensive framework for examining the complex interplay between language, power, and ideology in discourse (Fairclough, 1995;Van Dijk, 2001;Wodak, 2001). It seeks to uncover the ways in which discourse reflects and reproduces social structures, power relations, and ideological hegemony. ...
... As such, each incident of language use shapes the context which in return contributes to the transformation of the culture and society. Moreover, CDA regards power relations as discursive, and it aims to reveal the transparent or hidden relations of dominance, power, and discrimination (Wodak, 2009). To this end, it mainly addresses the covert discursive tactics and focuses on political issues and social problems to analyze how discourses justify or contest power. ...
Since its establishment, Türkiye has turned its side towards the West and has equated modernization with Westernization to a large extent. This situation did not change for a long time after the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi; AKP) came to power and Türkiye even managed to cover a significant distance in its negotiations with the EU for membership in these years. However, following the second AKP victory in the June 2007 parliamentary elections, relations with the West began to deteriorate and eventually the illiberal turn taken by the government on the grounds that Türkiye was facing an existential threat after the failed coup attempt in 2016 led to a serious rupture in these relations. Facing problems with the Western actors, the Turkish government began to counter criticisms by referring to historical antagonistic relations between the West and the East signifying a firm estrangement from the Western civilization. It highlighted Türkiye’s differences from the West by making more frequent references to the glorious past of the country, collective memory of the Ottoman legacy, religious identity, and strong ties with the Islamic civilization. Taking all these into consideration, this study investigates AKP’s increased emphasis on civilizational identity by utilizing a two-step methodological approach that combines textual analysis and critical discourse analysis applied to President Erdoğan’s speeches. The time frame of the research covers the period between the June 2016 and May 2023 general elections. In conclusion, the study argues that AKP instrumentalizes civilizational discourse in its quest for legitimizing illiberal policies that attract criticism.
... Through TM-DT integration, the study identified three conflicting urban development discourses and their corresponding semantic relationships, signifiers, and equivalence chains. This systematic approach overcomes prior challenges in operationalizing discourse analysis in big data, enabling the exploration of phenomena such as Wodak's (2001) 'discursive swarming', where diverse and sometimes competing narratives coalesce around shared themes. ...
Researchers in urban studies are increasingly interested in exploring how language and discourse shape urban policies. This study uses a blended approach to tackle theoretical challenges and offers a new perspective on urban phenomena through a discursive lens. We provide a systematic model for analyzing large textual datasets by combining discourse theory and topic modeling. Our case study on urban development conflicts in Hamadan newspapers illustrates how this integrated approach reveals the complexity of urban development discourses. These insights benefit researchers by enhancing their understanding of the current knowledge landscape and identifying new research opportunities.
... In fact, it can be said that any discipline is likely to reflect a ʺparadigmʺ consciously or unconsciously adopted by its practitioners. Therefore, for the sake of accuracy, the approach of this article could perhaps be more accurately described as Critical Discipline Discourse Analysis (or CDDA) to emphasize where the emphasis lies (Wodak, 2001). This method examines three community-oriented disciplines, referring to key texts and references and comparing them along the following key dimensions: define levels; philosophical level; strategy/method level; Measuring/monitoring performance levels. ...
Drug use and addictions are and have been one of the great social problems that have happened from the 80s until now. Throughout the 21st century, various speculations and prospects about the future of addictive behaviors, their main problems, their consequences and implications for different social contexts. These analyzes have been carried out based on biases and fallacies inherent to research on drugs and addictions carried out in the XXth century, especially taking as reference the "Heroin epidemic" of the 1980s. This paper provides a literature review of the past and present of the opiates substance use, to be able to make an estimate about the future of the drug use; the social, clinical and epidemiological effects of opiates, especially the more hidden and less obvious; Finally, a past-present-future connection proposal on consumer use, abuse and addiction of substances derivatives of opium and their implications.
... CDA also examines how language conveys and exercises power. As Wodak (2001) argues, language is not inherently powerful but becomes powerful through its practical use. Ideology and power are interlinked, as Fairclough (2003) points out, with ideologies reflecting aspects of the world that either maintain or challenge social relations of power and domination. ...
This study examines the rhetorical strategies, ideological rhetoric, and political ideology of nation-building presented by Prabowo Subianto in his inauguration speech as the newly elected president of Indonesia on October 20, 2024. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the analysis is grounded in Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to reveal the underlying rhetorical devices and ideological themes conveyed in his speech. The study is structured through two interlinked dimensions: rhetorical strategies and ideological rhetoric, utilizing Aristotle’s rhetorical concepts of ethos, pathos, and logos to provide a comprehensive interpretation of the speech. The analysis addresses key themes such as sovereignty, the relationship between the state and its citizens, justice, equality, the vision of a "Great Indonesia," the plight of wong cilik (the ordinary people), and the cultural principle of gotong royong (cooperation). These themes are pivotal to Prabowo’s articulation of Indonesia's identity and vision for the nation’s future. Findings reveal that Prabowo employs a balanced array of rhetorical strategies, ethos, and pathos, accounting for approximately 30% of the speech, focusing on his credibility and emotional connection with the audience. Logos, comprising 40% of the rhetoric, underscores logical and structured arguments, enhancing his appeal to rational thought. The ideological rhetoric, meanwhile, emphasizes national sovereignty, justice, and unity, reflecting Prabowo’s deep-seated vision for an independent and resilient Indonesia. His ideology resonates with themes of independence and self-reliance, advocating a stance against foreign influence, and drawing from Indonesia’s historical struggles for independence. This study sheds light on how Prabowo's rhetorical strategies and ideological expressions serve to frame political discourse and contribute to the formation of national identity, underscoring the role of presidential rhetoric in shaping the public's perception of leadership and vision for Indonesia.
... The present study used critical discourse analysis (CDA) to examine multicultural values depicted in ELT textbooks in the Indonesian educational context for three major reasons. First, CDA views language as a social practice involving contexts (Wodak, 2001). Therefore, CDA enabled us to analyze how the English language in the school book reflects societal and cultural values. ...
Incorporating cultural elements into teaching is essential for Indonesian educators. However, a key issue currently observed is the lack of awareness among English teachers regarding the integration of cultural learning into English instruction. This study was to critically investigate how culture is represented and introduced in an English textbook at the elementary level. Cultural contents were analyzed throughout the 2021 revised edition of the English textbook for grade 5 of elementary school, published by the Ministry of Education and Culture (MOEC). The textbook was selected due to its widespread use in Indonesian schools and its production by MOEC. To analyze the data, a semiotic critical discourse analysis approach was employed on the basis of Kachru's concentric circle framework. Moran's 4P framework, addressing products, practices, perspectives, and people, as well as Bennett's theory on cultural values, were also used to further investigate the cultural dimensions presented in the textbook. The findings revealed a significant dominance of source culture content, while the representation of target culture and foreign culture was minimal. Of the 27 cultural views analyzed, expanding circle cultures were most prevalent. Our findings also indicated that product culture was the most prominent cultural dimension. The findings suggested that cultural embedment in the textbook facilitates students to have a broader perspective of diverse culture. Recognizing and understanding the multicultural values and their representations allows Indonesian students to develop their intercultural competence, which not only introduces them to diverse cultures but also strengthens their communication skills.
... Macro approaches are primarily concerned with the study of how broader patterns of social structures and practices shape and are enacted in the interactions that people have with each other. Thus, for example critical discourse analysis (Fairclough, 1995;Meyer, 2001;van Dijk, 2001;Wodak, 2001) examines how people's talk instantiates forms of social or political inequality. A main part of this work seeks to examine how dominant ideologies are produced and reproduced in language, and is designed to expose the inequalities that are sustained through social practices in order to effect change. ...
Following the early work of James, mainstream social psychological approaches to the self have first treated individuals and society as separable and distinguishable entities and, second, located the psychology of the self within the individual. From a critical perspective, selves should instead be viewed as constructions that people produce in interactions with others to accomplish social outcomes, such as accounting for and justifying their actions, criticising other people, or otherwise. Rather than being properties of individuals, selves can more usefully be understood as descriptions that are produced in talk and occasioned in local social contexts.
... Language serves as a medium of social force, legitimizing perceived assumptions and relationships about how the world should operate. ( Wodak 2001 ). CDA also assumes that focusing on elite-level discourses can uncover taken-for-granted ideological perspectives that reflect their vision of the social world and its composition ( Reisigl and Wodak 2009 ). ...
Philippine foreign policy under Rodrigo Duterte is notorious for its abrupt pivot to China and the unraveling of the country's longstanding alliance with the United States. His pronouncements have vividly reflected these to rationalize significant foreign policy recalibrations. It is from this understanding that this article seeks to explore the specific discourses that he has promoted in relation to China and the United States in pursuit of a coherent foreign policy logic for his administration. This article introduces victimhood as a framework to analyze Duterte's salient policy discourses and explores how these discourses influenced his administration's foreign policy behavior and informed his unique populist leadership. By invoking a discourse of suffering from past and present injustices, along with perceived insecurities arising from shifting power dynamics between the two major powers, Duterte constructed and internalized a victim identity for the Philippines, which has profoundly influenced the country's external relations during his tenure.
... Social practices are defined by local structures and ideologies, and semantic patterns behind these practices are global structures. Wodak (2001) expressed that ideologies are the weaving networks that build social clusters where people feel strongly connected to a particular power group. ...
This study aims to analyse power, dominance, racial discrimination, and power exercise that is narratively established through a subtle network of metaphors in a fiction work, The Kite Runner. The Kite Runner exposes the socioeconomic conditions in the borderlands of Pakistan and Afghanistan, revealing the differences between power manipulation and the domestic performance of powerful social groups. The work also explores how religious and status dichotomies circumvent the progress of minority groups and align their physical features with their receding power and financial features. An adopted model of critical discourse analysis (CDA) indicates power, economic, and racial dichotomies in the book while revealing the shades of metaphors through conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) in a post-colonial text. Dogmatic ideographs are perpetuated in every public sphere through language and established gradually through unprovoking tools of metaphors. The metaphors are uncovered through CMT, providing a helpful understanding of different conceptual domains. Rhetorically, CDA helped reveal the racial discrimination, human rights violations, and hatred against minorities embedded in the selected metaphors. This investigation is very significant in connection with the current scenario of cross-cultural studies, as it mainly depicts the prevailing social trends regarding two different settings. The study may benefit intelligentsia interested in post-colonial and decolonial discourse and diaspora literature. Keywords: Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Critical Discourse Analysis, Metaphor, Power Expansion, Racial Discrimination Agbo, I. I., Kadiri, G. C., & Ijem, B. U. (2018). Critical metaphor analysis of political discourse in Nigeria. English Language Teaching, 11(5), 95–105. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v11n5p95 Burke, K. (2017). A rhetoric of motives. In Routledge eBooks (pp. 154–164). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315080925-15 Chouliaraki, L., & Fairclough, N. (1999). Discourse in late modernity: Rethinking critical discourse analysis. Edinburgh University Press. Fairclough, N. (2000). Discourse, social theory and social research: The case of welfare reform. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 4(2), 163–195. Fairclough, N. (2012). Critical discourse analysis. International Advances in Engineering and Technology, 7, 452–487. Foucault, M. (1976). The history of sexuality (Vol. 1). https://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/english/currentstudents/undergraduate/modules/fulllist/special/endsandbeginnings/foucaultrepressiveen278.pdf Foucault, M., & Sheridan, A. (1972). The archaeology of knowledge and the discourse on language. http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA21964742 Gill, S. (1998). European governance and new constitutionalism: Economic and monetary union and alternatives to disciplinary neoliberalism in Europe. New Political Economy, 3(1), 5–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563469808406330 Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from the prison notebooks. London: Lawrence & Wishart. Halliday, M. A. K., & Hasan, R. (1976). Cohesion in English. London: Longman. Hosseini, K. (2003). The kite runner. New York, NY: Riverhead Books. Jawaid, A., Batool, M., Arshad, W., Kaur, P., & ul Haq, M. I. (2024). English language pronunciation challenges faced by tertiary students. Contemporary Journal of Social Science Review, 2(04), 2104-2111. https://contemporaryjournal.com/index.php/14/article/view/361 Jawaid, A. (2014). Benchmarking in TESOL: A Study of the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013. English Language Teaching, 7(8), 23-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v7n8p23 Jensen, D. F. N. (2006, April). Metaphors as a bridge to understanding educational and social contexts. International Institute for Qualitative Methodology. https://sites.ualberta.ca/~iiqm/backissues/5_1/HTML/jensen.htm Kövecses, Z. (2002). Metaphor: A practical introduction. Oxford University Press. Lakoff, G. (1987). Women, fire, and dangerous things: What categories reveal about the mind. University of Chicago Press. Lakoff, G. (1993). The contemporary theory of metaphor. In A. Ortony (Ed.), Metaphor and thought (2nd ed., pp. 202–251). Cambridge University Press. Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. University of Chicago Press. Reddy, M. (1979). The conduit metaphor: A case of frame conflict in our language about language. In A. Ortony (Ed.), Metaphor and thought (pp. 284–324). Cambridge University Press. Talib, N., & Fitzgerald, R. (2016). Micro–meso–macro movements: A multi-level critical discourse analysis framework to examine metaphors and the value of truth in policy texts. Critical Discourse Studies, 13(5), 531–547. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2016.1182932 Van Dijk, T. A. (1988). News analysis: Case studies of international and national news in the press. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Van Dijk, T. A. (1993). Principles of critical discourse analysis. Discourse & Society, 4(2), 249–283. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926593004002006 Van Dijk, T. A. (2001). Critical discourse analysis. Discourse and Society, 4(2), 249–283. Van Dijk, T. A. (2005). Discourse and racism in Spain and Latin America. Amsterdam: Benjamins. Van Dijk, T. A. (2009). Critical discourse studies: A sociocognitive approach. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of critical discourse analysis (2nd ed., pp. 62–86). London: Sage Publications. Wodak, R. (2001). What CDA is about: A summary of its history, important concepts and developments. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of critical discourse analysis (pp. 1–13). London: Sage Publications. Wodak, R. (2007). Pragmatics and discourse analysis. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
... Isto implica em manter um olhar direcionado às condições de produção dos discursos e a observação dos significados alojados em seus interiores, assim como as influências exercidas nos processos de (des)construção de realidades sociais. O compromisso da ACD é com a análise das relações estruturais de dominação, poder, desigualdades sociais e discriminação no que concerne às suas manifestações na linguagem (Fairclough, 1985;Van Dijk, 1993;Wodak, 2001;Van Dijk, 2008;Arce-Trigatti, & Anderson, 2020;Vázquez & Rodríguez, 2020;Mejía-Cáceres et al., 2021;Diem et al., 2022;Mcneil, 2023;Peng et al., 2024;Dahlborg et al., 2024). Van Djik (1993; argumenta que é possível sumarizar a ACD como o estudo das dimensões e do abuso do poder nos discursos que resultam em desigualdades e injustiças. ...
Objetivo: o objetivo deste trabalho foi examinar a coerência teórica e metodológica do uso da Análise Crítica do Discurso (ACD) no campo da Administração no Brasil. Metodologia/abordagem: O trabalho foi conduzido por meio de uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura que buscou na base Scientific Periodicals Eletronic Library (SPELL), por artigos nacionais publicados sobre o tema nos últimos dez anos. Originalidade/relevância: trata-se de um trabalho inédito de revisão dos aspectos ontoepistêmicos da ACD bem como de uma inédita revisão sistemática sobre o tema na Administração brasileira. Principais resultados: Dos quarenta e três artigos analisados (seleção final), trinta e um foram conduzidos de acordo com o posicionamento crítico sugerido pela ACD. Na análise qualitativa dos textos, conseguimos agrupá-los em três meta-temáticas: colonialidade, questões de gênero e ideologia gerencialista. Contribuições teóricas: os resultados desse estudo apontam uma fraca aderência à proposta da ACD e evidenciaram a necessidade de uma maior atenção aos seus critérios ontoepistêmicos e sociopolíticos. Entendemos que essa instrumentalização pode fragilizar as pesquisas, assim como promover o fortalecimento do status quo ao tecnologizar o discurso. Contribuições para a gestão: as reflexões levantadas contribuem para as organizações (re)pensarem suas práticas sociais, de maneira a promoverem a ciência, eliminarem desigualdades e fortalecerem movimentos e lutas sociais.
... A Trio of Rhetorical Devices in Religious Islamic Research Writing Religious scholars use linguistic structures, rhetorical devices, and intertextual references to reinforce authority and ideological stances. Works on religious discourse, for example,Wodak (2001) conducted such analyses and argue that religious leaders use semantic devices like metaphor use, lexical selection, formulation or most importantly attempts of their effort on framing stories in ways that could help them proselytization of Christianity, end up with relevance to the targeted audience, more than their expectation facilitation of their domain power.On the basis of my research Religious rhetoric is dialects, and the type of material used by scholars is heavily influenced by our audiencea view promoted in existing studies like that ofChilton (2004), among others.Contemporary Islamic scholars such as Dr. Tahir ul Qadri, Mufti Taqi Usmani and Dr. Mufti Ismail Menk explore different discursive techniques. While others emphasize legalistic and traditional approaches, they use conversational ...
This study features an analysis of the pragmatic and critical discourse strategies employed in the selected religious speeches of Dr. Tahir ul Qadri, Mufti Taqi Usmani and Dr. Mufti Ismail Menk. By using Pragmatics and CDA, the analysis of the selected speeches is to be done in this study. Pragmatics deals with speech acts, implicatures, presuppositions, and politeness strategies, while CDA is concerned with power relations, ideology, and discursive structures in religious discourse. Using qualitative research design, this study identifies certain linguistic and rhetorical strategies employed to attract the audience in ways that appeal for religious persuasion. The results indicate that religious scholars employ pragmatic and discourse strategies to establish their credibility, ideological hegemony, and emotional investment in their audience.
... In fact, it can be said that any discipline is likely to reflect a ʺparadigmʺ consciously or unconsciously adopted by its practitioners. Therefore, for the sake of accuracy, the approach of this article could perhaps be more accurately described as Critical Discipline Discourse Analysis (or CDDA) to emphasize where the emphasis lies (Wodak, 2001). This method examines three community-oriented disciplines, referring to key texts and references and comparing them along the following key dimensions: define levels; philosophical level; strategy/method level; Measuring/monitoring performance levels. ...
Background: Improving the quality and diversity of social recovery programs remains a challenge for drug treatment networks across Europe. The transfer of validated practices at the European level has been proposed to enhance program quality and evidence. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the needs and propose the implementation of social recovery programs within adult drug treatment, rehabilitation, and reintegration services in Croatia. Drawing on experiences from other European countries (Sweden, Belgium, Spain, and Italy), the goal was to identify and integrate effective practices into the Croatian treatment network. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed, including qualitative analysis of 22 interviews with key informants (policymakers, practitioners, and researchers) and quantitative analysis of secondary data (reports and documentation). Informants were selected based on their involvement in national, regional, and local drug treatment networks and their expertise in the evolution of drug issues in Croatia. Results: The study identified a decrease in traditional opioid users and an increase in cannabis and New Psychoactive Substance (NPS) users, particularly among youth associated with rave culture. Harm reduction strategies were shown to be effective in managing infectious diseases such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. However, certain groups remain underserved, including young non-opioid drug users and women (e.g., young women, pregnant women, and mothers with children). Conclusions: The findings underline the need for developing a comprehensive network for treating addictive behaviors, incorporating psychosocial support and social recovery programs, and adapting recovery programs to address the specific needs of underserved groups, including legal drug users, women with children, and young NPS users. Keywords: Biopsychosocial Model, Profile/patterns, Treatment network, Recovery/Rehabilitation/Social Reintegration, Qualitative analysis.
... CDA sees ideology as an important aspect to maintain unequal power relation. [9] Fairclough suggested three dimensional of discourse: text, discourse practice, and sociocultural practice. [8] Discourse practice is where a discourse is produced as a text and consumed in a certain way that define how the text is interpreted. ...
"Memories of My Body" screening ban in 2019 by Depok local government is deemed problematic since it has already passed Film Censor Board (LSF). This paper aimed to better understand the decision made by the Depok local government in banning the movie through critical discourse analysis. This paper is a discourse analysis understand the discourse surrounding the movie ban in Depok.. This paper's primary data is literature studies from numerous electronic news sources. Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis is used as a theory and methodology. The result from this research shows that there are two main discourses: protecting younger generation and incompatibility toward Islamic values. After further analysis, it is found that these discourses also exist in another events. This fact shows that the movie ban is an effect from a dominant discourse against LGBTQ community.
... As a qualitative analytical approach, traditional discourse analysis studies have traditionally relied on manual processing, involving researchers reading entire corpora to identify valuable information and formulate interpretative conclusions. However, the proliferation of the Internet and the ubiquity of digitization have given rise to what Wodak term "discursive swarming" [20], necessitating researchers to grapple with voluminous and unstructured data. In this context, traditional qualitative analysis encounters challenges: firstly, the holistic strategy of manually reading and encoding entire corpora to comprehend and interpret discourse becomes impractical when dealing with substantial datasets [21]; secondly, manual coding often entails subjective judgments, compromising the replicability and reproducibility of data processing and outcomes [22]. ...
The scientific community has not stayed outside the Russia–Ukraine conflict. This study analyzes the attitudes and roles of international scientific organizations in the conflict, based on 923 official statements, through a combination of discourse analysis and Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, including sentiment analysis and topic modeling. The findings reveal that 527 organizations issued statements, with 47% explicitly “supporting Ukraine and condemning Russia”, and 13% maintaining a neutral stance. These statements reflect diverse concerns, including the conflict’s immediate humanitarian impact, disruption to scientific collaboration, and broader political and social implications. This research contributes to understanding how international scientific organizations navigate conflict contexts by systematically uncovering their attitudes, focus areas, and actions. Through a thematic analysis, the study demonstrates how these organizations articulate their positions, advocate for specific measures, and leverage their influence to address issues such as economic support, scientific collaboration, and healthcare assistance. By identifying these behaviors, the study clarifies the strategic roles scientific organizations play in shaping discourse and mediating international relations, offering key insights into their impact during geopolitical crises.
... Likewise, building upon the Foucauldian idea of discourse, this study views proverbs as a discourse, as "a social construct created and perpetuated by those who have the power and means of communication" (Pitsoe and Latseka, 2013, p. 24). Similarly, this study uses critical discourse analysis (CDA), relying on the ideas of Van Dijk (2015), Ruth Wodak (2001), and Norman Fairclough (1989). Van Dijk (2015), for instance, argues that the social issues, problems, and oppressions are reflected through language use for which CDA becomes a powerful tool, "CDA focuses primarily on social problems… More specifically, CDA focuses on the ways discourse structures enact, confirm, legitimate, reproduce, or challenge relations of power abuse (dominance) in society" (p. ...
Despite the legal provision against caste discrimination, casteism remains a pressing social issue in Nepal, affecting various aspects of individuals’ lives and perpetuating systemic inequalities. In this context, the role of language and discourse in reinforcing caste hierarchies and legitimizing discriminatory practices is of paramount importance. This paper examines the roles of proverbs in perpetuating caste discrimination and reinforcing caste hierarchies in Nepal. For that purpose, five caste-specific proverbs are strategically selected to highlight the diverse issues related to caste discrimination, such as fixed categorization, heritability, power dynamics, dehumanization, stereotypes, and intersectionality of gender and caste. Drawing upon the insights from the critical caste theory of Isabel Wilkerson (2020) and the Critical Discourse Analysis of Norman Fairclough (1989) as a theoretical framework and building upon the ideas of the hegemony of Gramsci and the discourse of Foucault, this paper examines the selected proverbs to uncover the hidden assumptions, biases, and power dynamics that underpin caste-based discourses and practices. By shedding light on the rhetoric of caste-specific proverbs as the discourse for perpetuating caste discrimination, this study makes double calls: a call for the critical examination of linguistic and discursive practices that sustain caste hierarchies and a call for challenging and dismantling caste-based discrimination.
... Kwa njia isiyo wazi, mwimbaji ananuia kumwomba Mungu amwezeshe kusafiri katika safari yake ya kisiasa iliyokuwa na pandashuka nyingi. Kwa kuzingatia mtazamo wa kihistoria kuhusiana na diskosi (Wodak, 2001), uchanganuzi huu ulimaizi kuwa mwimbaji alikuwa amekumbwa na upinzani mwingi pamoja na shutuma za wizi kutoka kwa wapinzani wake katika kampeni zao katika kipindi kifupi cha awali. Hivyobasi, ni wazi kuwa uchaguzi wa wimbo huu ulikuwa wa kimaksudi ili kuzidisha ari yake ya kisiasa kwa matakwa yake. ...
Makala hii inalenga kudhihirisha kuwa itikadi ni dhana ya kimsingi na haina budi kuibuka kila wakati mwanasiasa anapozungumza wakati wa kampeni akiwa na nia ya kujielekezea mamlaka. Itikadi inayoibuka kutoka kwenye hotuba, midahalo na mitafaruko ya kiuneni kati ya wanasiasa nyakati za kampeni za kisiasa ndizo huelekeza mienendo, maoni, mitazamo, Imani, fikra na mifumo ya mawazo ya wananchi wapigaji kura kiasi cha kuathiri uamuzi wao wa kiongozi wanaomtaka katika uchaguzi. Ni katika hali hii ndipo mwanasiasa fulani hupendelewa zaidi ya mwengine, ikizingatiwa kuwa itikadi ya mmoja imeridhisha ikilinganishwa na ya mwengine. Katika mkabala huo, makala hii ina nia ya kudhihirisha itikadi mbalimbali za kisiasa zilizoibuka kutokana na midahalo ya siasa za 2022 nchini Kenya kama zilivyojitokeza katika jukwaa la youtube. Kupitia midahalo tajwa, makala hii inatarajia kuthibitisha kuwa itikadi ndiyo dira inayoelekeza kupendwa au kuchukizwa kwa sera za wanasiasa, na hivyo kuathiri uchaguzi na matokeo yake
This paper explores the extent to which risk and materiality are integrated in organisations and their reports. Risk and materiality are key concepts underpinning sustainability reporting and integrated reporting. They share similar objectives-to identify material issues that affect an organisation's ability to create value-yet they appear to exist in parallel in many organisations. The ongoing attempt to identify material issues and risks leads to multiple discourses about what are the most important issues to deal with, which can adversely affect an organisation's value-creation outcome. From interviews with board members, risk managers and sustainability managers, we found that there is an ongoing discursive struggle between the sustainability managers, who primarily engage in a stakeholder discourse in their attempt to give meaning to the concept of materiality, and the Board and risk managers who interpret materiality through a risk and financial lens. It is clear that the sustainability managers have not built support for their concept of materiality, as it does not resonate with other actors, particularly the Board members who have more power and legitimacy than the sustainability managers. The sustainability managers have failed to convey their meaning of materiality and their discursive practices have not taken hold within the organisations. In this context, the Board warrants voice. In opening the "black box" of materiality, we found that in reality it is interpreted through a risk discourse.
This study is a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) with special reference to one of Trump’s speeches called ‘Perry, GA, United States on September 25, 2021’. The study investigates Trump’s ideology, attitude and perspectives using Van Dijk’s socio-cognitive approach (2006). It aims to show how Trump justifies his ideas. The paper claims that there is an important deliberation of political discourse in replicating and influencing the community. Analyzing the speeches linguistically shows how Trump conveys or expresses his ideologies.
The present study emphasizes the importance of language used by Joe Biden and Boris Johnson in their selected pre-election speeches. The speeches were delivered by both politicians in their respective countries to win the general election, held in 2019 and 2020 in the UK and the USA respectively. The present research study has analyzed the two speeches; one of each politician. In this regard, the researcher has used Norman Fairclough's Three-dimensional Model (1989) of Critical Discourse Analysis. The stages in this model consist on text, discursive practices and social practices. These are also known as description, interpretation and explanation stages. The findings of the study show that Mr Joe Biden used first person pronoun 'I' too many times than second and third person pronouns (i.e., you and we). Apart from this, Mr Boris Johnson has used second person pronoun 'we' too many times than other two pronouns (i.e., you and I). Moreover, Mr Joe Biden has used personal pronoun 'I' more than the use of Mr Boris Johnson in his speech.
Pakistan, since its formation, has been handled by two significant administrative groups i.e. democracy and the military rule. Both streamlines are quite distinctive in nature thus, their viewpoints regarding Pakistani political history are different from each other on basis of their ideological beliefs while interpreting the past. Which attracts critical discourse analysts as they are keenly interested in identifying the manipulation of language for chasing certain goals, a common practice in the field of politics. Therefore, the researcher aims to analyze the selected autobiographies by the political entities, considering them a genre of political discourse. Van Dijk (2000) supports this idea of examining political discourses for identifying ideologies because through discourses, they are easily conveyed, manifested and justified. Two autobiographies entitled as; In the Line of Fire and Daughter of the East by Pervez Musharraf and Benazir Bhutto respectively, have been selected as corpora of the present study. Van Dijk's proposed framework in his article Politics, Ideology and Discourse has been employed to point out the discursiveness and manipulation through language done by the authors of the selected texts. It has been observed that both authors frequently used two macro strategies of “positive self- representation” and “negative other’s representation” for creating their preferred discourses. Furthermore, other ideological structures like “polarization”, “reasonableness” repetition”, “number game” “authority” have also been employed by the both authors to demonstrate their desired ideo-political stances. By using these ideological structures, the authors have portrayed a peculiar perspective of the whole scenery which proves language an effective tool for manipulation and persuasion.
This article considers the ideological discourses underpinning voluntary action of elites within civil society organisations. Drawing together literatures on elite reproduction, organisational recruitment and volunteer motivations we consider how patterns of patronage play out in Welsh urban and rural localities, and the interrelationships between cultural, social, political and economic capitals. Findings reveal senior volunteer recruitment to meet resource needs variously referring to meritocratic processes, achieving representation or garnering status, and new insights on rewards as an elite formation mechanism. The study identifies an inverse relationship between privilege and benefits, whereby the most privileged are attributed a stronger moral authority. This masks underlying social and political gains. Our findings have conceptual and practical implications: The research highlights complexity in elite reproduction and the importance of recognising the dual directional advances in symbolic capital. It also draws attention to established organisational cultures and the challenges associated with securing greater equality in practice.
The results of the 2024 European Elections results in Germany have sparked extensive debates on the future of democracy in Europe, prompting various interpretations for AfD’s electoral performance. This article examines AfD’s election campaign through the lenses of symbolic and visual politics, arguing that the party hijacked four discursive spaces — Sylt’s Ausländer Raus , # StolzMonat , Mannheim knife attack, and the pro-Palestinian demonstrations debate — and appropriated their symbolic resources for its visually-appealing and outreaching electoral campaign. Moreover, this article situates this campaign within the subfield of mainstreaming, arguing that the visually appealing campaign and convergence with mainstream parties actively contributes to the mainstreaming of AfD and its discourses.
Este artigo argumenta que a representação discursiva na mídia dos chamados imigrantes do Terceiro Mundo na Espanha tem facilitado a reconstrução de uma identidade nacional em termos de “nós” (espanhóis) versus “eles” (imigrantes do Terceiro Mundo) na virada do século XXI. Desta maneira, os espanhóis são representados como os de dentro (insiders) ou aqueles que pertencem à nação, enquanto os chamados imigrantes do Terceiro Mundo são os forasteiros/estrangeiros (outsiders) ou os excluídos
Though Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) has been used extensively by scholars of ideological discourse to deconstruct the rhetoric of Nigeria's political leaders and the media's portrayal of power and ideology, it has yet to be applied to the language of Nigeria's political advertisements. While taking into account the rhetorical effects of intertextuality on the masses, this paper investigates the aspect of intertextuality in Critical Discourse Analysis as a discursive strategy projected tactically to reflect power struggle and the ideological assumptions of the authors of the advertisements. This study uses Norman Fairclough’s and Teun van Dijk’s traditions of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and political theories as its theoretical basis. Thirty political advertisements were collected from February and March 2007 issues of The Guardian, The Nation, and The Punch; out of which ten were purposively chosen and analysed for this research. This research analyses the data on the language of political advertising in Nigeria to see how power and ideology are represented via rhetorical strategies in the intertextual connections of language use in Nigerian politics. Therefore, the results of this research show that Nigerian politicians have both overt and covert influence over the electorates by employing manifest intertextuality as a rhetorical mechanism that can alter the meaning or interpretation of discourse/text in the mental model of the masses in order to carry out certain discourse functions, each of which has been found to have distinct ideological implications that the politicians are either unaware of or choose to ignore.
The word “sustainability” is all around us. In the speeches of politicians and business leaders, in billboard-size fonts and in the fine print on consumer products, in the words of friends and family concerned about climate change, it is a term that permeates contemporary life, even as its meaning has become increasingly difficult to pin down. Nominally, “sustainability” refers to the use of resources in a manner that ensures their replenishment and continued availability for future generations. Yet critics have long noted how even this general meaning of sustainability has been diluted, even describing it as “one of the least meaningful and most overused words in the English language” (Owen, 2011: 246). Indeed the word continues to multiply across all scales of social, political, and economic life, popping up in expected and quite often unexpected places (see Chapter 1). Today, “sustainability” seems to be so deeply ingrained in our everyday communication practices that it is difficult to grasp how “the world once made do without the word” (Caradonna, 2022: 1).
This paper seeks to illustrate how sexualized Ekegusii transitive verbs and common nouns portray women as passive recipients of men's actions, reinforcing their subordinate roles in the Gusii community. It addresses two questions: Do sexualized Ekegusii verbs and nouns discriminate against women? And how does this language impact the self-concept and worldview of Gusii girls and young women? Based on a study in Southern Kisii, Kenya, the findings reveal how language can be used discursively to socialize girls into accepting a feminine ideal that perpetuates their subordinate status. Ekegusii nouns and verbs were found to be used discursively to depict women as powerless and inferior persons, underscoring the need to examine this language as a tool for social control. Raising awareness could lead to healthier self-concepts and support the broader struggle against gender inequality in the community. The study also highlights that the linguistic framing of women adversely affects the self-image and agency of Gusii girls and women, indicating that language not only reflects societal attitudes but also shapes individual perceptions. It emphasizes the urgent need for increased self-awareness and critical reflection among girls regarding the discursive use of Ekegusii, thereby enabling them to actively contribute to combating oppressive gender dynamics in society. Biographical notes: George Aberi is a lecturer and the Former Chair of the Department of Languages, Linguistics, and Literature at Kisii University, Kenya. He earned his PhD from Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, focusing on the intertextuality and recontextualization of the normative discourse of women's rights in Kenya's official policies on gender equality. Aberi's research interests encompass the connections between language, communication, and culture; prejudice and inequality; language, gender, and sexuality; language and power, disability; online deception and manipulation; climate change and human health.
Artikel ini membahas film berjudul Surga di Telapak Kaki Ibu (2016, Sony Gaokasak). Secara umum, film ini bercerita tentang perubahan perilaku sosial di Minangkabau. Perubahan tersebut diduga terjadi oleh karena pertentangan dunia tradisi dengan modernisasi. Dalam penelitian ini, film Surga di Telapak Kaki Ibu dipandang sebagai perilaku berbahasa. Teknik analisis mendasarkan pada tangkapan layar terhadap adegan film (shot) yang dibagi dalam kategori adegan (scene) yang berurutan (sequence) yang membangun cerita (story). Di samping itu, kajian juga mempertimbangkan aspek naratif dalam kerangka mise en scene yang meliputi tokoh dan penokohan, latar dan pelataran, dan fokalisasi (point of view). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tokoh-tokoh dalam film ini merepresentasikan perubahan perilaku sosial di Minangkabau. Terdapat perubahan persepsi atas sistem kekerabatan matrilineal yang dianggap rumit dan kompleks. Di samping itu, perubahan persepsi tersebut akhirnya membawa pada perubahan persepsi atas sistem perkawinan, sistem pewarisan harta, dan kedudukan perempuan di Minangkabau
The literature is enriched with different linguistic studies on world leaders’ speeches delivered to respond to COVID-19. However, studies that investigated speeches of Presidents on pandemic politics are still in want. This study carried out a critical discourse analysis of the pandemic politics in the remarks of President Biden on fighting COVID-19. The September 9, 2021 speech of the US’s President Biden was purposively selected for this research because of its relevance to the subject matter. After the speech had been downloaded from the White House Official website, it was closely read. Copious extracts which convey hidden meanings and help to illustrate Biden’s discourse themes were noted and analysed qualitatively. The research adopted an adaptation of van Dijk’s model of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) theoretical frameworks to espouse meanings in the speech. The interdependence of the two tools for analyzing socio- political discourse makes them suitable for the analysis. Results found that, in a bid to navigate vaccination issues, Biden carefully deployed language to communicate three main discourse themes; negotiating with people, legislating rules and ventilating anger against those peddling pandemic politics. Thus, by appealing, educating and begging, vaccine shots were negotiated, and by condemning, blackmailing and threatening, compulsory vaccination compliance was legislated. Emphasizing those discourse themes served not only to conscript the people into accepting vaccination but also to flatten the curve against COVID-19. The study provides useful insights on the responses of government to the dissenting people’s opinions on the issue of compulsory vaccination during pandemic. It is, however, suggested that other researchers could explore a comparative analysis to investigate how different political leaders globally have framed vaccination policies and pandemic responses through different rhetorical strategies.
Recent events in the post-Soviet space show the inertial continuity of the struggle faced by former Soviet member states between their axiomatic approach to their sovereign statehood and the factual challenges they confront. The result of this process is continuous socio-economic destabilization and frequent armed conflicts in the region, forcing the successor states to periodically implement a balancing and even rotational approach in their strategic orientation, along with a tendency to relocate basic pillars of their statehood to external actors who do not have a backup plan for their statehood in its sovereign form. Focusing on post-Soviet Armenia, the article argues that its statehood is predisposed to narrative-essentialism, which in its discursive form collapses under the pressure of a series of threats and events typical of sovereign state entities. The paper identifies the 2018 Velvet Revolution in Armenia and the subsequent 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War II as such events. As a consequence of these two events and the contradictory balancing-rotation policies of the current Armenian elites, is the discursive erosion of the Armenian civilizational consensus over its sovereign statehood.
Discourse analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) investigate the networks constructed through language, encompassing cultural, political, and identical systems. CDA stands as a multidisciplinary approach that critically examines language use in societal contexts. At its core, CDA aims to expose power structures and ideological influences embedded within discourse. This article delves into the fundamental approaches of CDA, emphasizing its role in unveiling the criticism of power and ideology. Through an exploration of key theoretical frameworks and analytical tools, this paper elucidates the ways in which CDA unveils the intricate relationships between language, power, and ideology, contributing to a deeper understanding of societal dynamics. However, CDA diverges by critically examining disparities, inequalities, and discriminatory practices entrenched in power and ideology expressed through language. Despite divergent foundational approaches, CDA aims to uncover the interdependence of language, power, and ideology, spotlighting language’s role in both exerting power and perpetuating social inequalities. Dominant ideologies often become naturalized through continuous linguistic use, yet critical discourse analysts strive to expose and contest these embedded power dynamics and ideologies. They serve to awaken individuals complicit in legitimizing these ideologies inadvertently.
Critical discourse analysis (ACD) is a qualitative approach to text analysis that stresses the dynamic interaction between the text and its context. The current study tries to investigate the three levels of interaction between Imam Ali (PBUH) and Kharijites—description, interpretation, and explanation adapting a descriptive-analytical method of Fairclough's theory. This study first focuses on the linguistic and rhetorical devices used in Imam`s sermons. Secondly, It exposes the betrayal of the Kharijites and the frustration of their confrontation with the dominant ideology of power in society. The results explain Imam Ali's ideological conflict with the Kharijites` ideology in his sermons, how he affects social and political events in society, and how he affects Kharijites` discourse.
Equality is a global factor of prosperity in democratic societies. In this Element, thirty years of newspapers and magazines form the basis of an intersectional study on how different social actors are described in Czechia. A bird’s-eye perspective points to the news being very white male-oriented, but when scrutinising further, some results differ from previous studies, giving insights on linguistic othering and stratification that may be a threat to equality. The methodology can be used for most languages with a sufficient amount of digitised, annotated and available texts. Since more and more text is being gathered to form data sets large enough to answer any question one might have, this Element helps uncover why one should be careful about which conclusions to draw if the words put into the data are not adapted to the relevant register and context.
Available here: https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A428E87B5E848C3AF4CBFDA2085F4E7E/9781009500166AR.pdf/social-group-representation-in-a-diachronic-news-corpus.pdf
This study looks at the effectiveness of manifestos in the Ghanaian political climate. The policies of successive governments have failed in developing the country and its people because of partisanship, and manifesto-based politicking. Party manifestos are drafted with fancy words towards winning elections and discarded afterwards. This has a detrimental effect on the common person in the form of poor healthcare provision, social inclusion, poverty, unemployment, the emergence of schools of shame (schools without classroom buildings and having lessons under trees), development, etc. This study was carried out through a meticulous assessment of the manifestos of the two leading political parties in Ghana, the NDC and NPP, between 2008 and 2024. The parties make nearly similar promises to the electorate, and they include, inter alia, areas such as governance, infrastructure, poverty reduction strategies, security, economy, and education. Yet, instead of completing projects that are already in motion to meet the needs of the people, they start new projects only to cast them aside when power changes hands. Also, a questionnaire was administered to test how manifestos beguile citizens to consistently go to the polls to vote during elections. The study put forward that by adopting a national development policy outlook, the perils of the ever-perdurable manifesto-based politics, regarding underdevelopment and political insecurities, would be overcome towards socioeconomic continuity and human development. The paper uses qualitative structured interviews, secondary sources, and manifestos through the lenses of CDA and (political) rhetorics to study the role of manifestos in Ghanaian politics.
This volume extends research on ideology in the news into the historical sphere, spanning discourse from the mid-seventeenth to the early twentieth century. The chapters investigate the ideological representation and assessment of political events across three continents, such as uprisings, independence, and genocide, but also of pervasive socio-cultural aspects like gender and language. For this, they rely on a wide range of sources, from handwritten news letters via general daily papers to specialized magazines, and from classical editorial content to letters published in newspapers. The geographical and linguistic focus of the texts investigated comprises British, American, Italian, German, and Polish discourse. The articles use both qualitative and quantitative corpus-based methodology, such as keyword or collocational analysis. The book is of interest for scholars in (historical) linguistics, history, and journalism studies.
Discourses and how they construct policy ‘problems’ delimit ‘solutions’, including the scale, shape and structure of services. This article discusses how the adult social care sector in England is presented as a policy problem, with the greater use of technology the associated ‘common-sense’ solution – both to the ‘crisis of care’ in a society with an ageing population and as a means to stimulate the national economy. It draws upon critical discourse analysis to examine English policy documents and other government texts published between 2020 and 2022. In doing so, it de-objectivises and de-universalises semiotic claims around care and technology and explores omitted alternatives. In discourse, ageing and care are framed as both problems to be solved and opportunities for entrepreneurship. Technologies are bound together with efficiency, with limited exploration of how use of the former necessarily entails the latter. Technology is, in addition, presented as agentic, inevitable and unassailable, closing off debates as to whether other, less seemingly ‘innovative’ options for reform and change could entail more favourable outcomes. Discourse thus limits the role of the state to stimulating the environment required for technological advancement.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.