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Morphometric Characteristics of Silver Pomfret, Pampus argenteus of Family Stromateidae Collected from Fish Market of Quetta City of Pakistan
Abstract
The current study was conducted to analyze some useful morphometric parameters of different specimen of Pampus argenteus of family Stromateidae in order to analyze their significance in systematics. A total of 160 samples of this species were collected from the fish market of Quetta city during the period from August 2014 to March 2015. This species is very important from consumption and commercial point of view as it is greatly being famous as food. About 14 morphometric characters were analyzed during this study. As morphometric characters have key consequence in systematic classification of fishes as well as helpful in sexual differentiation, hence, our present work would be valuable in observing the phenotypic variation between Pampus argenteus.
... In the present study, 72 specimens of Pampus argenteus ranging from (13cm) to (28.5cm) in total length and were measured. [2]. ...
... while the relation of TL with DFH, AFH, HL and the relation of HL with Post-OL observed moderately significant (r>0.5) and the relation of TL with PFH and relation of HL with PreOL and ED found correlation weak in present study. Iqbal., et al.[2] reported the relationship between total length and morphometric characters of Pampus argenteus was observed to be weakly positive, except the pectoral fin length and head length that found negative types of correlation with total length. The strong correlation relation of TL with SL and DFL (r>0.7) was similar to present study. ...
Morphometric characters and their relationships in Gudusia chapra (Hamilton) have been described. The fork length, dorsal fin length, pectoral fin length, body depth and head length of the fish were found to be highly correlated with its total length, whereas the eye diameter, snout length and post orbital head length were highly correlated with the head length of the fish.
The morphometric and meristic counts of Palri, Gudusia chapra collected from Keenjhar lake (District: Thatta) were recorded for males and females separately. Application of Z test showed no significant morphological difference, except the girth between two sexes. Age and growth has been studied from length frequency distribution and scale reading. The fish attains mean size of 112.2 mm, 129.5 mm, 147.5 mm and 162.3 mm in its 0+, 1+, 2+, and 3+ years of life, the growth is rapid in first year of life while in subsequent years, it slows down. Fish has a short life span of 3-4 years. Length-weight relationship is shown by following equations: Log w = -2.0 + 2.96 log L (for males), log 2 = -1.6 + 2.62 log L (for females). The relative condition factor (Kn) was determined for either sex separately. Mean Kn for males and females was found to be 1.03 and 0.97, respectively. The lenght-weight relationship and condition factor shows that the growth of G. chapra in Keenjhar lake is quite satisfactory.
In this study, by means of the sagittu otolith analysis, five and six age groups and the relation age-length of Mugil cephalus and M. curemu, respectively, in Tamiahua Lagoon, Veracruz (Mexico), are established. The anatomy of the scales and sugitta of both species is described. The fast growing bands on the edges show that their formation was higher from March to August for M. cephulus, and from July to November for M. curemu. The development of those bands was related to the spawning migration in both species. The constants of the growth equation of von Bertalanffy were calculated for the species and their sexes, using the scales and the otoliths. Differences in growth between sexes were detected; generally, the females reach a bigger size than the males at the same age in both mulle species. The scales and the otoliths may be used indistinctly in the age determination of both sexes of the species; nevertheless, the otolith showed a better tit to the growth equation.
Abstract
The history of the systematic relationships of the mugilids is reviewed, concluding with the modern concept of Mugilidae comprising 17 genera with 80 species, one of five taxa comprising 'Smegmamorpha'. Paramugil, a new genus, is erected for P. georgii and P. parmata, and 18 diagnostic morphological and osteological differences between Paramugil and Liza and/or Mugiland/or Valamugi/ listed
The parameters from von Bertalanffy's growth equation were estimated for Mugil cephalus and M. curema located in Tamiahua coastal lagoon in Veracruz, Mexico. Also differences in growth and longevity between sexes were obtained. The following were growth parameters for M. cephalus: L = 642.4 mm, W(∞) = 2,352.12 g, k = 0.099, t0 = -2.85, (A0.95) = 28.3 years; and for M. curema: L(∞) = 461.4 mm, W(∞) = 844.73 g, k = 0.14 y t0 = -3.62, (A0.95) = 18.7 years. Some important differences among growth rates from other areas were found. Significant differences in the growth rate between sexes were observed. The following were growth parameters for M. cephalus: females: L(∞) = 622.9 mm, k = 0.017, t0 = -2.67; A0.95 = 26.2 years; males: L(∞) = 603.9 mm, k = 0.105, t0 = -2:98; A0.95 = 26.5 years; for M. curema; females: L(∞) = 454.6 mm, k = 0.135, t0 = -3.94; A0.95 = 19.2 years; males: L(∞) = 411.8 mm, k = 0.187, t0 = -3.03; A0.95 = 14.0 years.
In the present investigation, about thirty-one morphometric and four meristic characters of the mullet species (i.e.,Liza melinoptera, Liza macrolepis, Valamugil speigleriand Mugil cephalus) from the Karachi coast of Pakistan were measured and examined. Except L. melinoptera, the relationships between the whole body growth and various morphometric and meristic characters of each mullet species were found to be strong (r > 0.70; p <= 0.05). Analysis of the variations among each morphometric or meristic character revealed the significant differences (ANOVA; p <= 0.05) among these mullet species.
Identifying intraspecific units or stocks of a species with unique morphological characters enables a better management of these subunits of species and ensurs perpetuations of the resources. Multivariate morphometry has been commonly used to investigate the discreteness and interrelationships of stocks within a species. Different types of body measurements have been traditionally used to charecterise stocks. However these measurements have recently been criticised because there are several biases and weaknesses inherent in traditional characters. As an alternative, a new system of morphometric measurements called The Truss Network System has been increasingly used for stock identification. In this review a computer-originated approach to the collection and analysis of morphometric characteristics of stocks is described.
Mauro José Cavalcanti, Leandro Rabello Monteiro and Paulo Roberto Duarte Lopes (1999) Landmark-based morphometric analysis in selected species of serranid fishes (Perciformes: Teleostei). Zoological Studies 38(3): 287-294. Morphological differences among 6 species of marine fishes belonging to 2 subfamilies of the family Serranidae (Serraninae: Dules auriga, Diplectrum formosum, and D. radiale; Epinephelinae: Epinephelus marginatus, Mycteroperca acutirostris, and M. bonaci) were studied by the geometric morphometric method of thin-plate splines and multivariate analysis of partial-warp scores. The decomposition of shape variation into uniform and nonaffine components of shape change indicate that major differences among species are related to both components of shape variation. Significant differences were found among species with respect to the uniform components, but there is no clear separation of taxonomic groups related to these components, and species are instead separated on the basis of body height and caudal peduncle length. Non-uniform changes in body shape, in turn, clearly differentiate the species of Serraninae and Epinephelinae. These shape changes are probably related to differences in habitat and feeding habits among the species.
Various population parameters and physiological, behavioral, morphometric, meristic, calcareous, biochemical, and cytogenetic characters have been used to identify fish stocks. We define a stock as an intraspecific group of randomly mating individuals with temporal or spatial integrity. Each character set and the associated methodology relates to specific aspects of the stock definition. Population parameters are useful primarily for the recognition of putative stocks at the practical fisheries management level. Physiological and, to some degree, behavioral characters are used primarily to study differences in the adaptation of stocks to different environments. Behavioral characters are also important for the recognition of stocks and the study of their spatial and temporal discreteness. Morphological characters, including morphometric measurements, meristic counts, and the shape, size, and type of zonation in calcareous structures provide data that are useful for the precise description of and differentiation among stocks. Although the genetic control of this type of variation is poorly understood, multivariate methods coupled with shape analyses provide techniques that describe intraspecific subdivisions that have been found to correspond to genetic stock structure as determined by other methods. Intraspecific chromosomal variation has, on occasion, been employed for stock identification. This variation has had only limited application to the study of stocks because of complications arising from intraindividual variation and artifactual variation introduced by the methodology. Electrophoresis provides an important method for measuring the genetic discreteness of stocks and for the study of genetic relationships among stocks. Electrophoretic data have recently attained a primary position among the methods used for stock identification.Key words: stock identification, genotype, phenotype, population parameters, marking, physiological, behavioral, morphometric, meristic, calcareous, cytogenetic, and biochemical characters
Conservative morphological characters make identification of mullet species difficult. As a consequence, cosmopolitan distribution of Mugil cephalus is currently under discussion. In order to clarify the controversy regarding the taxonomic status of the southern Atlantic American mullet M. platanus, in relation to Mugil cephalus, a comprehensive analysis is presented using sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b, landmark‐based morphometry and meristic data. The interlandmark distances showed differentiation between individuals of M. platanus and M. cephalus analyzed. Variables, representing the height at different levels of the longitudinal axis of the body, exposed that M. platanus has more robust middle and caudal segments of the body, in a lateral view, with respect to M. cephalus. Transversal series scales have not been useful for the identification of species. Lateral series scales seem to be useful to differentiate species, but taking into account that range showed an overlapped gradual variation. Genetic distance obtained between species shows a typical intrageneric level comparison. Two clear phylogroups have been detected indicating a high degree of genetic isolation between both species. Recognition of M. platanus as valid allopatric species is suggested.
This study analyzed the morphometric, microsatellite loci and mitochondrial control region variation of the striped weakfish from two feeding and spawning grounds in the coastal area of Buenos Aires province. The characterization of the body shape proved to be different between sites. Genetic structure analysis showed that the main source of genetic variation was within populations rather than among populations and low genetic differentiation was observed between sites. The striped weakfish inhabiting the coastal areas of Buenos Aires would exhibit two management units in agreement with other fishes studied in both areas.
Morphologically, both classic and landmark-based morphometry and meristic analyses of 241 specimens of Merluccius, along with the re-examination of six paratype specimens of Merluccius hubbsi, the holotype and three paratypes of Merluccius patagonicus and the syntype of Merluccius australis revealed the presence of only two species of Merluccius in Argentinean waters. Internal structures (hyomandibula, urohyal and sagitta otolith) of M. hubbsi were compared to those reported for M. patagonicus and were shown to have identical morphology. Type specimens of M. patagonicus showed a complete overlap in morphometric and meristic characters with M. hubbsi, whereas M. australis had a greater number of second dorsal and anal-fin rays, and more lateral-line scales. In addition, M. australis had a smaller eye and longer snout than M. hubbsi and M. patagonicus. The results indicate that there is no evidence for a third hake species in Argentinean waters. Merluccius patagonicus is a synonym of M. hubbsi.
Proximate chemical composition of Sardines and mullet during the course of four different fishing seasons is presented. An average commercial size of Sardines. 14-20cm and mullet 8-29cm) with average weight of 20-25 gm of each type fish. The effects of seasonal variations in protein, fat ash moisture, and carbohydrate were observed. This report is based on the data collected for a period of one year. Protein and fat contents varied significantly was noticed, while fat and ash contents remained, constant from March to December.
We analyzed interspecific wing outline shape variations of 5 species of antlion: Myrmeleon bore (Tjeder, 1941), M. immanis Walker, 1853, M. fuscus Yang, 1999, Euroleon coreanus Okamoto, 1926, and E. flavicorpus Wang, 2009. In total, 98 forewings and 98 hindwings from the 5 species were sampled and subjected to an elliptic Fourier analysis. Twenty 1st Fourier harmonics were summarized via a principal component analysis and the 1st 8 principal components of shape variation were considered for statistical tests (multivariate analysis of variance, canonical variate analysis, and cluster analysis). Euroleon coreanus and E. flavicorpus were recognized as a group, while M. bore, M. immanis, and M. fuscus comprised a separate group. Results of the analysis of wing outline shapes of the 5 species agree with the current taxonomic system.
Of the 280 specific names applied to Mugilidae 62 are accepted as valid, with 18 classified as species inquerenda. 14 of the 40 defined genera are recognised. Only one new species, Liza mandapamensis is described.
Previous studies have demonstrated morphological differences between hatchery-reared coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) of hatchery origin and wild-reared coho of wild origin. We tested for a genetic component to this divergence by comparing coho from hatchery and wild populations both reared in the same hatchery environment and for an environmental component by comparing hatchery- and wild-reared coho both of wild origin. As in the previous studies, wild-reared fish from wild populations had greater head dimensions, larger median fins, and deeper bodies than did hatchery-reared fish from hatchery populations. This difference, summarized by the first principal component (PC1) of the size-adjusted data, was related to rearing environment rather than to genetic differences between hatchery and wild populations. Genetic divergence (or maternal effects) did occur between hatchery and wild populations along PC2 and PC3, but this divergence was slight compared with the environmentally induced differences between the two types of fish along PC1.
This chapter discusses the factors controlling meristic variation in wild fish. In fish, the number of meristic parts, serially repeated structures, such as vertebrae or fin rays, can be greatly modified by the environment during early development. The foregoing patterns of meristic variation do not necessarily reflect any phenotypic modification by the environment. Meristic counts of wild fish hatched in the same place often vary significantly among different years, in a manner associated with annual differences in water temperature. The term temperature “pulse” is applied to an experiment in which all development occurs at one (control) temperature, except that the embryos are abruptly transferred to a new temperature for a specified time and then returned to the control temperature for the duration of their development. Meristic responses to pulses can be categorized, such as break responses, according to the direction in which they lie with respect to meristic counts produced by sustained rearing at the control temperature and pulse temperature. Changes in temperature or radiation during the course of development, either as breaks or pulses, have been shown to sometimes produce large meristic differences. Meristic counts can be affected by crowding the developing embryos. The chapter presents s study in which the eggs of O. latipes were reared at four densities in screen baskets suspended in the same bath. In crowded conditions, there were significantly fewer anal and caudal rays, slightly fewer pectoral and dorsal rays, and no difference in vertebrae.
This paper deals with the relationship of allometric growth, differential increase of certain morphometric characters to the total length, and of the weight to the total length during growth in length of the grey mullets Liza saliens (Risso) and Liza ramada (Risso). Specimens of both sexes were collected in the Messologhi-Etoliko lagoon in western Greece. The equation used for the morphometric character Y was which gives information on the tendency of each morphometric character to grow in relation to total length and also gives a quantitative expression of this and the size of each character. The equation used for length-weight relationship was W = a × TLb. It is shown that the differential increase in the morphometric characters in relation to the increase in total length gives a tendency for the body of L. saliens to be slender and the body of L. ramada to be spherical. This was confirmed by data on length-weight relationships.
The green sturgeon Acipenser medirostris is widely distributed along the coast of North America, with known spawning populations in the Klamath, Sacramento, and Rogue rivers. It also spawns in the Tumnin River, Russian Federation ( formerly USSR) but is otherwise uncommon in Asia. Whether North American and Asian populations are conspecific has been debated; recent genetic analyses indicate these populations should likely be considered as distinct species. As part of a cooperative study aimed at determining the systematics of sturgeons of the North Pacific, meristic and morphometric data were collected from 50 green sturgeon harvested from the Columbia River, Oregon, USA in August 1999. Our meristic data expand the observed range for lateral scutes, ventral scutes, and gill rakers and confirm the published range for dorsal scutes. We found considerable overlap in meristic counts of Asian and North American populations of green sturgeon. Morphometric data showed considerable differences between populations, especially measures related to snout length; however, a lack of raw data precluded statistical comparison. Specific detailed procedures for collecting sturgeon morphometric and meristic characters should be established to facilitate comparison of data.
Species of Mugilidae are an important economic resource supporting several small communities in Argentina and Brazil through fishing. The growth parameters of the von Bertalanffy model, age limit (t0.95) and natural mortality (M) for the striped mullet (Mugil platanus) Günther, 1880, in the Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon (37°32′S–57°19′W) were estimated. These results constitute the first estimated values for the species as: L∞ (cm) = 563.82; K (years−1) = 0.30; t0 (years) = −0.057 (age groups 1–8); t0.95 = 10.07 years and M = 0.30. Moreover, a hypothetical model is proposed for the life history of the adult stock of M. platanus from the Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon based on CPUE data, environmental parameters, ovarian maturity stages, gonadosomatic indexes, the allometric growth coefficient b and deposition of hyaline or opaque rings in the otholiths. Mugil platanus is therefore regarded as a species of moderate to rapid growth rate, with a relatively low longevity and a high natural mortality rate, compared to other species of Mugilidae.
Multivariate examination of partial warps allowed the description of shape differences characterizing each of 10 populations of Mugil cephalus. Patterns of morphometric distances (overall, uniform and non-uniform) among samples suggested that morphometry in part reflected the geographic origin of the samples. However, comparisons with allozymes and mtDNA provided no exhaustive evidence for a pure phylogenetic cause for the observed patterns of geographic Variation.
A previously unidentified mullet species (Mugil sp.) from Mar Chiquita lagoon, Argentina, was compared with two candidate species Mugil curema and M. cephalus using 12 truss landmarks and three mitochondrial DNA genes (12S rRNA, cytochrome b and COI). Both procedures confirmed that the Argentinean fish were white mullet M. curema. Morphological comparisons clearly segregated M. curema from M. cephalus samples in PCA plot. Similarly, Argentinean haplotypes at each gene overlapped with M. curema reference samples while M. cephalus haplotypes remained distinct. These combined data provide a valuable baseline for further investigations on the geographic distribution of this commercially important species group.
Grey mullet (Mugil cephalus L.) is a widely cultured species. Practical artificial propagation techiques for this species, however, have yet to be developed. In this paper, we discuss induced spawning techniques and research on controlling its reproductive cycle.Among the induced spawning techniques currently available, carp pituitary homogenate plus human chorionic gonadotropin and carp pituitary homogenate plus luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue are the most promising. The latter hormone therapy is recommended. Maturation of male mullet can be successfully induced throughout the year by using 17α-methyltestosterone administered orally, injected or implanted. A practical hormone therapy for control of female mullet maturation is still under investigation.
This study investigated variation in the rates of growth and mortality, and age and fork-length (L(F)) compositions of two exploited species of Mugilidae, Liza argentea and Myxus elongatus, in two south-east Australian estuaries (Lake Macquarie and St Georges Basin). An ageing protocol was developed by counting opaque growth zones on sectioned otoliths which was validated by periodically examining the otoliths of captive-reared young-of-the-year fishes, and marginal increment analysis of wild fishes. The maximum recorded age was 17 years for L. argentea and 12 years for M. elongatus, which is greater than generally observed in other species of mugilids. Growth models of each species significantly differed between sexes and, except for male L. argentea, between estuaries. Fishes from Lake Macquarie generally had a greater mean L(F) at age than those from St Georges Basin and females of both species generally attained a greater maximum L(F) and age than males. Gillnet catches of L. argentea were of similar L(F) and age compositions in both estuaries, whereas the age composition of catches of M. elongatus in Lake Macquarie contained a greater proportion of younger fish. Estimates of total, natural and fishing mortality were greater for M. elongatus than L. argentea across both estuaries, and estimates of total mortality were greatest for both species in Lake Macquarie. The data indicate that neither species has been overfished in these estuaries.
Stromateidae for fishery purposes, Western Indian Ocean (Fishing 11
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