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Improving the sizing of paper

January 1973

Authors:

Refining of lignocellulose by organosolv processes. Part I: Isolation, characterisation and utilization of hemicellulose extracted from Norway spruce

Article

Dec 1991
BIOMASS BIOENERG

Analysis of the extract obtained from treatment of Norway Spruce (Picea abies) with a water-methanol mixture at high temperature (190°C) indicated hemicelluloses associated with lignin which formed a colloidal suspension when methanol was eliminated. Different analyses (IR, UV, GPC, HPLC, elementary microanalyses, etc…) showed that the hemicelluloses were galactoglucomannan (0.5–1-3) with a DP of 43, and that the lignin was of the guaicyl type. A separation process using strong acid and weak basic ion exchangers led to a lignin yield of 20% and to highly purified hemicelluloses representing 28% of the dry material.

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Improving droplet sizing methodology for Spray dynamics investigation

April 2016 · International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics

Spray modelling is one of the most useful techniques to characterize engine performance, efficiency and emissions. The size of droplets is one of the key variables that govern the efficiency of combustion of the liquid fuel. This study aims to develop an interactive tool using MATLAB codes that identifies the droplets and their sizes from the image taken with the long distance microscope in the ... [Show full abstract] spray chamber setup. In this developed method, firstly the background of the image was removed and then image processing techniques, dilation and erosion, were applied to the image file to refine the image files. Subsequently, circle detection method based on the Hough Transform algorithm with the function of imfindcircles was implemented. This function of the program allows the user to identify size droplets from the image files. A statistical study was conducted with the results automated from the MATLAB program using a different set of threshold values of black and white contrast. The results showed an optimal range for the threshold (black and white) values between 40 and 70. This optimal threshold range was established based on consideration of the correct and incorrect identification of the droplets. The results indicated that the program has the ability to identify the droplet providing size and numbers. The MATLAB program was developed using MATLAB compiler and can be used at different workstations.

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May 2008

[...]
R.B. Otieno

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Improving apparel sizing for older consumers

January 1995

[...]
E. Goldsberry

This article examines the ASTM research into clothing sizes for the older woman (over 55). By studying a number of older women a new database has been established with a new sizing standard. The body measurements are charted to depict body proportions in seven figure types in the standard.

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Improving TOFD sizing of near surface defects by wavelet transform

January 2012

The limitation of the TOFD technique in accurately sizing near surface defects which is that the longitudinal diffracted echo from the defect tip superimposes with the lateral or the back wall wave, is well known. The Wavelet Transform was applied to a set of simulated A-scan signals obtained by scanning the entire image defective area image. The "Discrete Meyer" wavelet displayed the best ... [Show full abstract] results in the CIVATM scenario, enabling a complete separation of the two waves. To validate this simulation, a real steel butt weld containing a root defect, whose signal was unable to be separated from the signal of the back wall one was employed, in a real regular TOFD inspection.