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AMPELOGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION OF WHITE GRAPE VARIETIES IN CAMPANIA (SOUTHERN ITALY) BY MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS
... For characterization in grapes, several multivariate techniques like principal components analysis and cluster analysis are being used for qualitative and quantitative analysis (Leão et al., 2011). These techniques describe agronomical and morphological characters (Matheou et al., 1995), check relationships among genotypes related to traits (Boselli et al., 2000) and check the amount of variation between traits (Borges et al., 2008;Coelho et al., 2004). The Potohar area is one of the enriched areas of Pakistan having grapes, olives and natural vegetation. ...
... Mature leaf characters are also powerful tools for the identification of grapevines (Ates et al., 2011;Boselli et al., 2000). Depth of upper lateral sinus which is different among all genotypes is a mature leaf character that provides discriminative data in this study. ...
This endeavor includes thirty grapes’ genotypes grown in northern zones of Punjab, Pakistan to determine similarities and dissimilarities in forty-four morphological traits according to the descriptor “International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI)”. The relation between the genotypes was determined by principal component analysis (PCA), and similarity was worked out by using cluster analysis. The dendrogram divided the genotypes into two main groups with classes and subclasses. The variation present within the class was up to 81.72% while the difference between classes was 18.28%. The morphological quantitative traits such as bunch length, bunch width, bunch weight, peduncle length, the weight of 10 berries, number of berry in a bunch, berry length, and berry width were in the following range 27.50-11 cm, 13.75-5 cm, 583.56-77.70 g, 6.50-1.55 cm, 53.70-9.70 g, 354-28, 27.37-11.40 mm and 18.06-10.41 mm respectively, which indicated a wide level of diversity in the selected genotypes. Based on phenological attributes, “Regina”, “Perlet”, and “Early White” were found early maturing genotypes to prevent berry rotting due to monsoon rains at the final stage of ripening. The data generated in this study would be helpful to preserve the existing germplasm and be available for designing future breeding programs.
Keywords: Cluster analysis; grapevines; IPGRI; morphology; principal component analysis.
... Several publications are known in which the application of mathematical methods analysed the complex correlations between the ampelographic indicators of seed and seedless vine varieties (Boselli et al. 2000;Coelho et al. 2004;Gris et al. 2010;Leão et al. 2011;Baiano, Terracone 2011;Atak et al. 2012;Ibacache et al. 2016;Zhang et al. 2017;Kaplan et al. 2019;Roychev et al. 2020). ...
... Falanghina grapevine is one of the most economically important and cultivated varieties of the Campania region [23]. Since climate changes are expected to affect vine growth and the quality of the production, the variability of growth and must quality traits were investigated in vineyards characterized by different microclimatic and pedological characteristics. ...
Climate is a determinant driver for grapevine geographical distribution, influencing yield and berry quality. The current environmental changes are intensifying the need to improve the knowledge of the soil–plant–atmosphere system in the vineyard, to properly manage cultivation factors and to increase berry yield and quality. Since most of the berry growth and ripening phases occur during the driest period in the Mediterranean area, increasing environmental constraints are expected to impose more and more limitations on grapevine productivity and finally on wine quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether different pedoclimatic conditions in four proximally located vineyards of the Campania Region in Southern Italy determine differences in crop yield and must quality of Vitis vinifera L. subsp. vinifera “Falanghina”. This study was conducted over three growing seasons, by monitoring vine growth and characterizing yield and must quality. The overall results showed differences in yield and berry quality characteristics for the four vineyards, with the field CA (Calvese) and GR (Grottole) showing pedoclimatic conditions limiting growth and yield compared to SL (Santa Lucia) and AC (Acquefredde).
... In viticulture, it is normal to differentiate and identify cultivars, and to analyze diversity based on three techniques: ampelography, involving the description and characterization of organs; ampelometry, involving the study of leaves using linear and angular quantitative methods; and the analysis of chemical characteristics, such as the electrophoretic profiles of proteins (Liao et al., 1997;Boselli et al., 2000;Weihl and Dettweiler, 2000). However, these "non-molecular" tools can result in false attributions when used at the clonal level (Lopes et al., 1999;Imazio et al., 2002). ...
Viticulture presents a number of economic and social advantages, such as increasing employment levels and fixing the labor force in rural areas. With the aim of initiating a program of genetic improvement in grapevine from the State University of the state of Rio de Janeiro North Darcy Ribeiro, genetic diversity between 40 genotypes (varieties, rootstock, and species of different subgenera) was evaluated using Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular markers. We built a matrix of binary data, whereby the presence of a band was assigned as “1” and the absence of a band was assigned as “0.” The genetic distance was calculated between pairs of genotypes based on the arithmetic complement from the Jaccard Index. The results revealed the presence of considerable variability in the collection. Analysis of the genetic dissimilarity matrix revealed that the most dissimilar genotypes were Rupestris du Lot and Vitis rotundifolia because they were the most genetically distant (0.5972). The most similar were genotypes 31 (unidentified) and Rupestris du lot, which showed zero distance, confirming the results of field observations. A duplicate was confirmed, consistent with field observations, and a short distance was found between the variety ‘Italy’ and its mutation, ‘Ruby’. The grouping methods used were somewhat concordant.
... The result of each hybrid combination could be predicted as well (Goodman, 1973;Dubles, Jain 1980;Cox et al. 1985;Murphy et al. 1986). Bassi et al. (1995), Yao et al. (1995), Mattheou et al. (1995), Tomazic, Korosec-Koruza (1998), Goto-Yamamoto (2000), Boselli et al. (2000), Cervera et al. (2002), Labra et al. (2002), Hvarleva et al. (2004), Hvarleva T., A. Atanassov (2006) and Varga et al. (2006) determine aspects of cultivar identification related to their utilization in conventional ampelography and pomology combined with numerical taxonomy. ...
ROYTCHEV, V., 2007. Application of cluster analysis and principal component analysis in the development of table seeded and seedless vine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.). Bulg.J. Agric. Sci., 13: 409-421 The possibilities for application of cluster analysis and principal component analysis in the investigation of F 1 progeny of a cross between a seeded and seedless vine cultivar have been studied. It has been established that their combined application allows obtaining more profound ampelographic information on the character and significance of each trait in the grouping of genotypes. The selection of elite hybrid forms should be carried out according to those traits, which explain to the greatest extent variation in the first and second principal component. The division of seedlings into two groups -seeded and seedless, increases the efficiency of both analyses in the development of new table vine cultivars possessing valuable economic characteristics. Promising elite hybrid forms which should be used in future hybrid combinations, have been selected from the population of seeded and seedless seedlings in accordance with the criteria of the applied methods. Other hybrid forms deserving special attention have been pointed out as well.
... Fruit traits have been used as main morphological traits in characterization of fruit trees (Cunha et al. 2007). Morphological traits combined with multivariate statistical methods, such as principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis have been used to assess the genetic variation and relationships among genotypes and cultivars of grape (Cravero et al. 1994;Matheou et al. 1995;Boselli et al. 2000;Intrieri et al. 2001;Doulati-Baneh et al. 2007;Akhalkatsi 2006, 2010;Cunha et al. 2007;Leão et al. 2011). ...
The grape (Vitis vinifera) is one of the earliestdomesticated fruit crops and, since antiquity, it has been widely cultivated and prized for its fruit. The aim of this investigation was to characterize grape germplasm that have been under cultivation in Iran for a long time. Sixteen fruit parameters were studied in 23 grape cultivars. A high variability was found in the evaluated grape cultivars, and
significant differences were found between them in all fruit attributes. Fruit yield, cluster size, berry size, total soluble solids (TSS), and titratable acidity (TA) showed a wide variation. Most cultivars had a relatively medium berry size; three had a berry weight higher than 3.50 g. Very diverse berry skin color were observed, white to black, while the dominant color of berry was yellowish green.
There were high positive correlations between cluster and berry traits (weight and dimensions) and also negative correlation between TSS and TA. Cluster and principal component analyses showed a considerable fruit diversity in the studied grape germplasm. Parameters with high discriminating values were those related to berry size. The wide range in fruit trait characteristics of Iranian grapes
might be considered as characterizing the large gene pool that contributed to the domestication process of grape.
... The multivariate techniques in the analysis of quantitative and qualitative characteristics have been applied in viticulture with several objectives: to assess the diver-sity of genotypes for disease resistance (Nascimento et al., 2006), management (Intrieri et al., 2001), and morphological and agronomic descriptors (Borges et al., 2008;Micheli et al., 1993;Cravero et al., 1994;Matheou et al., 1995a;Matheou et al., 1995b;Boselli et al., 2000;Coelho et al., 2004). ...
The conservation and characterization of grape (Vitis spp) genetic resources in germplasm banks have been the basis of its use in breeding programs that result in development of new cultivars. There are at least 10,000 grape cultivars kept in germplasm collection. The genetic diversity in 136 table grape accessions from the state of Bahia, Brazil, was evaluated. Continuous and discrete morphoagronomic traits were assessed. The clustering analysis by the Tocher otimization method resulted in 30 clusters (considering continuous morphoagronomic traits), and 9 clusters (taking into consideration multicategorical traits). There was no agreement between clusters obtained by both, continuous or discrete phenotypic descriptors, independent of the cluster method analysis used. A satisfactory genetic variability among the table grape accessions was observed.
Asma, dünya genelinde neredeyse tüm kıtalarda ekonomik olarak yetiştirilebilen önemli bir bitki türüdür. Günümüzde en geniş yayılıma sahip asma türü olan Vitis vinifera L.’nin 12.000’den fazla çeşidinin olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Anadolu coğrafyasında uzun bir geçmişe sahip olan bağcılık, farklı ekolojik koşullara adaptasyon sağlamış ve çeşitli özelliklere sahip geniş bir asma genetik havuzunun oluşmasına olanak tanımıştır. Ancak bu geniş genetik havuz içinde birçok homonim ve sinonim üzüm çeşidinin ve genotipinin yer aldığı da gözlemlenmektedir. Özellikle şarap üretiminde üst sıralarda yer alan ülkelerde, üzüm çeşitlerinin doğru bir şekilde tanımlanması büyük önem taşırken, Türkiye’de yerel çeşitler üzerine yapılan araştırmalar sınırlı sayıdadır. Üzüm çeşitlerinin tanımlanmasında morfolojik yöntemler bazen yetersiz kaldığından, özellikle homonim ve sinonim çeşitlerin ayırt edilmesinde moleküler yöntemler kullanılması daha kabul edilebilir sonuçların elde edilmesi açısından önem arz etmektedir. Son yıllarda öne çıkan Yüksek çözünürlüklü erime (HRM) analizi, DNA dizilerindeki genetik varyasyonları tanımlamak için kullanılan güçlü bir tekniktir. Bu nedenle, HRM yönteminin üzüm çeşitlerinin tanımlanmasında kullanılması, etkili ve ekonomik bir seçenek olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu derlemede, HRM yönteminin üzüm çeşitlerinin tanımlanmasında ve bağcılığın diğer alanlarında nasıl kullanılabileceği özetlenerek sunulmuştur.
Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the oldest and most important cultivated fruit crops. The aim of present investigation was to evaluate grape accessions that have been under cultivation in India for a long time. In the current study, ampelographic and fruit character of forty-nine accessions were investigated. A high variability was found in the evaluated grape accessions, and significant differences were found among the studied accessions for the measured parameters. Mature leaf, shoot tip, bunch parameter, berry parameter, total soluble solids (TSS), and total acidity (TA) showed a wide variation. Significant positive correlation found between bunch and berry traits and negative correlation between TSS and TA. Cluster analysis and principal component analyses showed a considerable fruit diversity in the studied grape germplasm. The obtained data revealed phenotypic and genotypic variation within studied grape accessions might be considered as characterizing gene pool and that contributed to the future breeding process of grape.
A total of 114 accessions putatively corresponding to 69 local grape cultivars from Campania (Southern Italy) were analysed with 8 microsatellite markers (VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD25, VVMD27, VVMD31, VrZAG62 and VrZAG79) in order to evaluate their genetic diversity and relationships. According to their unique geno-type at SSR loci finally 56 varieties were found. Interesting cases of synonymy, i.e. Greco di Tufo and Asprinio, Palum-mina and Piedirosso, and homonymy were disclosed. Pairwise genetic distances were calculated between all cultivars. Clustering of cultivars did not reflect their cur-rent distribution and this suggests that grape cultivars of Campania might have been introduced from various and distinct geographic areas. K e y w o r d s : Genotyping, microsatellites, grapevine.
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of cultivars, to quantify the variability and to estimate the genetic distances of 66 wine grape accessions in the Grape Germplasm Bank of the EMBRAPA Semi-Arid, in Juazeiro, BA, Brazil, through the characterization of discrete and continuous phenotypic variables. Multivariate statistics, such as, principal components, Tocher's optimization procedure, and the graphic of the distance, were efficient in grouping more similar genotypes, according to their phenotypic characteristics. There was no agreement in the formation of groups between continuous and discrete morpho-agronomic traits, when Tocher's optimization procedure was used. Discrete variables allowed the separation of Vitis vinifera and hybrids in different groups. Significant positive correlations were observed between weight, length and width of bunches, and a negative correlation between titratable acidity and TSS/TTA. The major part (84.12%) of the total variation present in the original data was explained by the four principal components. The results revealed little variability between wine grape accessions in the Grape Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Semi-Arid.
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