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... Brucellosis is one of the major bacterial zoonoses, and in humans, it is also known as Undulant fever, Malta fever, or Mediterranean fever [1]. It is a significant threat to the public health system in many countries in North Africa and the Middle East, including Saudi Arabia [2]. ...
... The biggest numbers of cases were reportedly found between age 15-45 (n = 1,451 cases), while 793 cases were ≥ 45 years old. [7] Particularly, there are special risks for Farmers, Shepherds, Butchers, Abattoir workers, Veterinarians, and Laboratory workers [1]. Brucellosis is caused by Brucella species. ...
... Four common species can infect humans, including B. abortus, B. melitensis, B. canis, and B. suis, and less commonly, B. inopinata. B.melitensis is the most virulent and invasive species [1]. Human brucellosis is spread either by direct or indirect contact with diseased animals or by eating tainted food. ...
... When sound is 60dB, it means that it is 60dB more intense than the smallest distinguishable noise or the reference sound pressure, which is understood to be 0.0002 microbar or dynes/cm 2 . A dyne is 1/1,000, 000 th of atmospheric pressure [1]. ...
... Auditory fatigue appears between 85dB and 90dB region and greatest at 4000Hz. It may be associated with signs such as whistling and buzzing in the ear [1]. ...
... This inability disappears after a period of time up to 24 hours following noise pollution withdrawal. Temporary hearing loss occurs in frequency range between 4000Hz and 6000Hz [1]. Ezekiel [8] opined that repeated exposure to noise pollution of about 100dB may lead to permanent hearing loss/deafness and exposure to noise above 160dB may rupture the tympanic membrane causing permanent deafness or hearing loss. ...
Noise pollution contributes to environmental degradation and poses a threat to human and terrestrial lives. Noise pollution can be regarded as environmental noise and the propagation of noise may develop a harmful impact on the activity of human or animal life. This study was conducted to determine the influence of environmental factors and its associated health risks of noise pollution in Owerri Metropolis, Nigeria. The study employed a cross sectional descriptive research design. Measurement of noise levels was carried out at 24 different locations. The sampling technique used in this study was a cluster sampling technique. The average reading for each location and each ward were calculated. Also, 900 respondents comprising adults who live and/or operate in the areas were interviewed on the health risks associated with noise, using structured and standardized questionnaire. The results obtained showed that the computed average noise level at the 24 different locations ranged from 79.4-95.8dB, and all of which were significantly (P<0.05) above the acceptable standard ranges of <80dB, thereby rating the noise level not acceptable because they can be capable of causing discomfort and pains in man. Influence of environmental factors on noise pollution; 29(3.2%) reported heavy vehicular traffic plying residential areas contributed to noise generation, 33(3.7%) said indiscriminate blowing of siren. Perceived health risks were reported as 47(5.2%) disturbs sleep, 24(2.7%) causes annoyance, 41(4.61%) causes headache and 21(2.3%) interference with conversation. In conclusion, environmental factors, poor education and lack of enforcement of the laws influence noise generation and there is need to check the level of noise pollution in Owerri Metropolis.
... It also includes the ability to lead a "socially and economically productive life." [1] Health is multifactorial. The Health influencing factors present in both within the individuals and externally in the society in which he or she lives. ...
... These interactions may be health promoting or deleterious. [1] Obesity is a cluster of non-communicable diseases which creates an enormous socioeconomic and public health burden in poorer countries. That is why obesity is now termed as "New World Syndrome." ...
Background: "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity". It also includes the ability to lead a "socially and economically productive life." Obesity is a cluster of non-communicable diseases which creates an enormous socioeconomic and public health burden in poorer countries. That is why obesity is now termed as "New World Syndrome". Aim-To study health status of Bank Employees in a City with special reference to Obesity. Objectives-1.To study prevalence of generalized obesity. 2. To study association between prevalence of generalized obesity with socio-demographic factors in Bank Employees. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out among bank employees in Ambajogai city of Maharashtra from August 2016 to December 2018 in 236 bank employees. Results and conclusion-Overall 43.6% of bank employees had generalized obesity. The prevalence of obesity by waist-hip ratio was 46.6%. The prevalence of overweight was 14.4%. The prevalence of generalized obesity increased significantly with increasing age (p=0.029). Generalized obesity was more prevalent in female employees than male employees but no significant association found. The prevalence of generalized obesity was significantly associated with factors such as age, post of bank employees, history of addiction and mixed type of diet. The factors like sex, religion, marital status, socioeconomic status, and education were not statistically associated with generalized obesity.
... Modern family planning techniques allude to preventative strategies for family planning other than traditional or regular family planning (NFP) strategies. Contraceptive techniques are preventive strategies that help the women keep away from undesirable pregnancies coming about because of sex (Park, 2007). The modern family planning gadgets are only a change of the old, with a more clear comprehension of their method of activities and unfavorable impacts, assuming any. ...
... Oreachata (2007) refers to non-appliance methods as non-manipulative methods of family planning such as pills which are taken orally to prevent pregnancy, whereas appliance methods according to Park (2007), refer to any contraceptive instrument, drug, preparation, or thing designed, prepared or intended to prevent pregnancy, resulting in between human beings. Appliance methods include spermicides, condoms, diaphragm, intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs), depoprovera, implant, and abortion. ...
This study examines the educational attainment, religious affiliation and perception of modern family planning practice among women of reproductive age in Keffi Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. A survey design was adopted. A sample of 343 respondents were drawn, using multi-stage sampling techniques involving electoral wards, towns/villages, main streets, houses, households and individuals. Primary data were utilized in the study. The primary data were generated through the use of questionnaires. The questionnaires were analyzed quantitatively using chi-square and cross tabulation of variables. The findings show that the socio-demographic characteristics (age, educational attainment and religion) of the respondents affect the utilization of modern family planning practice thereby distressing the attitude and practices of modern family planning practice among women of reproductive age in Keffi Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Therefore, the study recommends that government, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), and community-based organizations (CBOs) should embark on behaviour change programmes to educate women on the importance of modern family planning methods on the mother, the health of the Child, and the well-being of the society. Also, an increase in community campaigns to raise awareness on the importance of modern contraceptives among males (husbands) should be emphasized and should go along with those involving women
... Approximately one-third of the world's tuberculosis cases are in India. Over 20,000 people contract tubercle bacillus infection every day [3] . It is now a significant obstacle to socioeconomic advancement [3,4] . ...
... Over 20,000 people contract tubercle bacillus infection every day [3] . It is now a significant obstacle to socioeconomic advancement [3,4] . Clinically, it presents as extra pulmonary or pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) [5] . ...
... Reproductive health is influenced by many factors such as education, nutrition, sexual roles, sexual status, cultural practices and socio economic development (K. Park, 2009) 4. According to 2011 statistics, every minute in the world, 380 women become pregnant, 190 faces unplanned pregnancy, 110 experiences a pregnancy related complication, and 40 have an unsafe abortion. Adolescent girls dying from pregnancy related causes accounts for 13% of all maternal deaths. ...
... On 25 th March, 2020 lockdown was declared by Govt of India and dedicated hospitals and healthcare centres were created to aid in case management of Covid-19. 5 As on February 2024, more than 774 million cases and seven million deaths were reported by WHO. The top three countries to report cases were U.S.A, China and India respectively and with respect to deaths U.S.A, Brazil and India respectively. ...
... During the pregnancy, the temporary organ, placenta serves as the interface between the mother and the developing foetus carrying out functions like nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply that the foetus is unable to perform for itself during intrauterine life. 1 Placentas are a defining characteristic of eutherian or "placental" mammals, but are also found in some nonmammals with varying levels of development. 3 The word "Placenta" comes from the Latin word for cake, from Greek plakóenta/plakoúnta, accusative of plakóeis/plakoús -"flat, slab-like", in reference to its round, flat appearance in humans. ...
Placenta cord banking refers to the collection and storage of stem cells from the placenta, in addition to those found in cord blood, after the birth of a human baby. Stem cells from cord blood are much easier to get because they are readily obtained from the cord and the placenta at the time of delivery. As stem cell therapy breaks new ground and stem cells derived from the umbilical cord blood are proving to be such a boon to stem cell therapy, it is natural that the prospect of preservation of umbilical cord blood is gaining momentum. Thus, so called, placenta cord blood banking is being touted as insurance for life. This procedure is painless, safe and easy for both mother and baby.
... [1] According to the Children Act of 1960 in India, a delinquent is described as "a child who has committed an offence." [2] The term juvenile as per Juvenile Justice act of 1986 refers to boys under the age of 16 system. This legislation establishes that any boy or girl under the age of 18 who commits an offense is classified as a "juvenile in conflict with the law" or a "juvenile offender." ...
Juvenile delinquency remains a significant social issue, with young individuals engaging in criminal activities due to various underlying factors such as family dynamics, socio-economic challenges, peer influence, and exposure to violence, etc. Despite a recent decline in juvenile crime rates, the need for effective prevention and rehabilitation strategies persists till date. This paper explores the potential of Ashtanga Yoga, as a holistic intervention to address juvenile delinquency. Yoga, with its structured eight-limb path, offers a framework for cultivating self-discipline, emotional regulation, and ethical behaviour in children and adolescents. Key components; Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayama, Pratyahara, Dharana, Dhyana and Samadhi plays transformative roles in mitigating delinquent behaviours. Thus, discusses how Ashtanga Yoga can support juveniles in overcoming their dangerous nature and empowering them to make positive behavioural changes and reintegrate into society.
... Healthcare involves a multitude of services rendered to individuals, families, communities by health professionals for the purpose of protecting, promoting, maintaining or restoring health (Park, 2007). Wallace (2008) defined healthcare as all the activities rendered by the health care worker to ensure well-being of individuals. ...
... "Professional staff not suited to leadership, either through training, selection or natural inclination, should not be entrusted with administrative and management burdens" if possible. [61]. The curricula for medical education, starting from the first professional degree in medicine, should be revised to promote training in medical leadership, prepare future managers, and enshrine the culture of leadership from the early stages of their careers [59]. ...
Burnout is a state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion caused by long-standing, poorly managed workplace stress. Resident doctors (RDs) and consultants provide specialized medical care, and the strain of their job predisposes them to the three domains of burnout: Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Depersonal-ization (DP), and diminished Personal Accomplishment (PA). Globally, this public health crisis worsened with the overwhelming effect of COVID-19 on health systems. This study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of burnout among RDs and Consultants in tertiary hospitals in Delta State, Nigeria, during the pandemic. A cross-sectional design was employed. Previously validated instruments (the Maslach Burnout Toolkit, and the Pandemic Experience and Perception Survey) were used to collect data via an online survey. The questionnaire was sent to physicians selected by a multistage sampling. The proportion of participants with a high grade in each of the domains of burnout was obtained. Stepwise analyses from bivariate to mul-tivariate were done to obtain adjusted odds ratios. The prevalence of high-grade burnout in EE, DP, and PA was 35.1%, 13.2%, and 33.3% respectively. Relative to those ≤ 30 years, the age group 41-50 years had less likelihood of high EE (AOR 0.050; 95% CI 0.004-0.651). Other independent predictors of EE were manageable workload (AOR 0.094; 95% CI 0.027-0.328), reward for work (AOR 0.427; 95% CI 0.205-0.892), and good leadership (AOR 0.525; 95% CI 0.113-0.929). This study suggests that the determinants of burnout among RDs and consultants are mainly contextual factors in the work setting. Future interventions to control physician burnout in Nigerian healthcare systems should be geared towards promoting an institutional culture of leadership, manageable workloads, and appropriate rewards for good performance.
... Hyperactivity and temper tantrum behaviors seen in children as young as 3 years old serve as significant predictive factors for later behavioral disturbance both in the home and school settings. Several mental health disorders have increased in past decades but, temper tantrum and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are the most popular [K Park 1995]. TITLE A study to find out association of knowledge and skill with selected demographic variable on primary school teachers for identification of behavioural problems in primary school children of selected schools at Bangalore. ...
Childhood neuropsychiatric disorders have been increasing by more than 50% internationally to become one of the major reasons for morbidity and disability among children. It must be identified at early stages to reduce the burden of this disorder and may help in the better treatment of the severe conditions in these patients. Surveys reveal that parents are often more concerned about their children’s behavior than about their physical well being. Behavioral and emotional problems in primary school-aged children can cause significant difficulties in children's healthy development. For many children, they are also predictive of longer-term antisocial behaviors and mental health problems. True experimental design was used for the study with 2 groups one each for the experimental and control group. An evaluative research approach was used for the present study. The setting for the study was teachers of the schools. Multistage sampling was used for the present study. The sample size was 200 primary school teachers. The results conclude that there is no significant association between education level and knowledge level of primary teachers based on the given data but there is a significant association between education level and skill level of primary teachers based on the given data.
... Numerous human activities lead to the emission of potentially harmful compounds into the atmosphere [1]. The wastes released into the air by internal combustion engines, boilers, and furnaces in industries, factories, and homes are today's primary sources of air pollutants due to human activity [2]. The first observable and oldest environmental effect of cities on climate [3] is air pollution, which is one of the major environmental challenges linked to urbanization and expansion [4]. ...
Air pollution is as old as civilization itself. nature produces air pollution, and so do human activities that pollute the environment on a daily basis. this has become a thing of concern and hence, need serious attention. this study assessed air quality levels in five (5) local government areas (lgas) of benue zone c, covering busy roads, garages, schools, residential areas, hospitals, hotels, and markets. the results obtained depicted that the concentration of the air pollutants is at the permissible limit set by who and fmenv except hcho with concentration of 0.0010 mg/m3 to 0.7102 mg/m3 and tvoc with a concentration of 0.0160 mg/m3 to 0.5686 mg/m3 against 0.10 mg/m3 and 0.30 mg/m3 respectively, which is higher in some locations in okpoga, otukpo, oju and ugbokpo. since hcho and tvoc exceeded the permissible limit set by regulatory bodies in some local government areas (otukpo, oju, apa and okpokwu) which can pose serious environmental and health complications in the area. hence, there is need for strict environmental rules to restrict the emission of hcho and tvoc in the areas affected, implementation of strict emission controls, improvement of ventilation, use low voc materials, enhancement of green infrastructure and also enforcement of air quality regulations.
... Prevalence of hypertension in India varies from 17% to 21% in all 11 states with marginal rural and urban differences. It was estimated that by year 2015 the majority of elderly people worldwide will reside in 12,13 developing countries. ...
Title: Study of hypertension and obesity in elderly in a rural population: cross sectional study Background: Hypertension is a major health concern among the elderly population, particularly in rural areas of developing countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypertension and examine associated risk factors, specically obesity and waist-to-hip ratio, among elderly individuals in a rural area of Maharashtra, India. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2016 to December 2017 in the rural eld practice area of a medical college in Maharashtra. The study included 394 individuals aged 60 years and above. Blood pressure measurements, anthropometric data, and demographic information were collected using standardized methods and a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of hypertension among the elderly was found to be 32.23%. The mean age of participants was 67.99 ± 6.46 years. A signicant association was observed between body mass index (BMI) and hypertension (p = 0.03), with prevalence rates of 20.34%, 31.56%, and 40% in underweight, normal weight, and overweight/obese categories, respectively. However, no signicant association was found between waist-to-hip ratio and hypertension (p = 0.9761). Conclusion: This study reveals a high prevalence of hypertension among the rural elderly population. The signicant association between BMI and hypertension underscores the importance of maintaining a healthy weight in this age group. Further research and targeted interventions are needed to address the burden of hypertension in rural elderly populations.
... 2,1 The Government of India launched Universal Immunization Program on 19 th November, 1985, with the main objective of covering at least 85% of all infants against the six preventable diseases by 1990 and also to achieve adequate production of vaccines and the manufacture of cold chain equipment, indigenously, so that country becomes selfreliant. 3 Universal immunization of children against the above mentioned preventable diseases is crucial in reducing child and infant mortality which is considered to be a good indicator of the health status of the population. 4 According to the National Family Health Survey-III (2005-06) only 43.5 % of eligible children were fully vaccinated and 5% have not received any vaccination at the national level. ...
... It is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular mortality, which accounts for 20-50 percent of all deaths. 1 The prevalence of chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus etc, is showing an upward trend in most countries. 2 Even though 72.2% of Indian population live in rural area, only few studies have been carried out to determine the prevalence of hypertension among rural people. ...
... Being a relatively new idea, it's hard to define clearly. [18] It includes integrity, principles and ethics, the purpose in life, commitment to some higher being and belief in concepts that are not subject to "state of the art" explanation. [19] Hitayu and its relation to spiritual health lies in its focus on achieving a deep sense of purpose and well-being by aligning one's actions and lifestyle with personal values and natural principles, thus fostering a sense of inner peace and fulfilment. ...
Introduction: Ayurveda emphasizes holistic health, considering physical, mental, sensory, and spiritual balance, with practices such as dinacharya, ritucharya and rasayana promoting long, disease-free life. Acharya Charaka describes four types of life - hitayu, ahitayu, sukhayu, and dukhayu which deals various shades of one’s life on the view of physical, mental, social, and spiritual aspects of wellbeing. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review of existing literature was conducted. In addition, journals and articles were reviewed. Observation and Discussion: Hita in Ayurveda focuses on actions and practices that nourish and support life, promoting longevity and well-being. Hitayu is closely related to sadvritta, ethical behavior that supports holistic health, and includes principles such as compassion, truthfulness, and self-discipline. It also connects with achara rasayana, which incorporates daily conduct and practices such as mindfulness, positive relationships, and self-care to promote overall health. Social, spiritual, and mental well-being are integral to hitayu, with an emphasis on kindness, honesty, and mindful decision making, all contributing to a balanced and harmonious life. Features of hitayu can be classified into eight domains. Conclusion: An analysis of the features of hitayu reveals that it describes the aspects of social, spiritual, and mental well-being of a person by outlining its lakshanas, more to the social and spiritual wellbeing of people. Hitayu can be considered the best standard for understanding social and spiritual health in Ayurveda and it can be taken as basis for measuring them.
... Many situations may enhance the incidence of Wilson's disease, such as family history, consanguineous parents' state, ambience factors (air, soil, water, food, or others) affected by industrial west products, cooking in copper tools [16]. Likewise, the misdiagnosis of psychiatric patients as teenage variation [17]. ...
Background: Wilson’s disease is a chronic, gradually developed disease. Its concern is as an autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disorder. The deposition of copper in many organs, such as the liver, eyes, kidneys, and basal ganglia in the brain is the main cause of this disease.Case Presentation: A 13-year-old male patient was admitted to the Children’s Department in Al-Kadhimae Hospital, Iraq with chief complaints of vomiting, abdominal pain, pallor, icterus, fever, and chest complaints. The laboratory data showed elevated levels of total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase and reduced levels of globulin (α2 and β), ceruloplasmin, and serum copper. Additionally, high urine copper was reported. After that the patient was diagnosed with Wilson disease and treated with D-penicillamine drug (copper chelation) and zinc acetate tablet. Conclusion: Wilson’s disease is a metabolic error of copper, if undetected and untreated immediately, it causes declining in the function of many organs, such as the liver and brain.
... Health has been declared a fundamental human right and nation and state has a responsibility for health of its people (Suryawanshi, 2007). Health infrastructure is the resources needed to deliver the essential public services to the people (Dipanwita De, 2014).Primary care level is the first level of contact of individuals, the family and community with the national health system where essential health care is provided (Park, 2007).The primary tire comprises three types of health care institutions such as Sub Centre (SC), Primary Health Centre (PHC) and Community Health Centre (CHC).In this system primary health center play very important role in providing health facilities in tribal and rural part of India. In India, Primary Health Centres play a crucial role in determining the health of rural people as they cater to the basic health facilities to them (Khandelwal & Kanchan, 2020). ...
... Positive health is most essential factor for productive life of an individual and community. The World Health Organization (WHO) defined "Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity" (1). According to the WHO, mental health is "a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community" (2). ...
Introduction: Now a days, erratic lifestyle, characterized by poor dietary habits, sedentary behaviours, busy schedule and stress have led to rising concerns about physical and mental well-being because these lead to arise of different illnesses condition. There is growing worldwide interest in traditional health practices like Yoga and Vyayama (exercise), as they are seen as complementary to conventional medicine. Studying both practices together offers a thorough grasp of how they support mental and physical well-being, resulting in more holistic wellness approaches. Objective: The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of yogic practices and vyayama on certain physical and mental variables in healthy individuals. Material and methods: About 150 healthy volunteers fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria have been registered randomly in three different groups for total period of 3 months. Three distinct follow-ups were conducted to evaluate changes in various objective parameters i.e., Flexibility, Agility, Body Mass Index (BMI), Muscular Strength and subjective criteria, Mental Health Inventory (MHI) – Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Inventory (MSQLI). Results: Results of this study showed that vyayama had greater effect on physical variables like and yoga had greater effect on mental variables. On intragroup comparison (Wilcoxon Singed Rank Test) there was statistically significant result seen in flexibility, BMI, and mental health in group A. On intragroup comparison there was statistically significant result seen in agility and muscular strength in group B. Conclusion: This study shows that the significance of Yoga and Vyayama as effective, non-pharmacological interventions for improving certain physical and mental variables. Their natural and holistic approach to enhancing well-being, without any side effects, makes them especially beneficial as preventive health measures.
... Diabetes is a leading cause of severe health complications including neuropathy, retinopathy, renal disease, cardiovascular events, strokes, and limb amputations (3). In K. Park, Diabetes is compared with an "Iceberg" disease, because if diabetes is not managed properly or remains undiagnosed it can lead to chronic complications that affect the quality of life and increase the risk of mortality (4). ...
Management of Diabetes mellitus (DM) controls hyperglycemia, other aspects of pathology remain untouched. Hence quest for a better remedy that can show multiple actions and correct different aspects of pathology is needed. Whole plant extract and leaf extracts of Sadabahar (Vinca rosea Linn.) show anti-hyperglycemic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats by regeneration of β-cells of pancreas. However, this plant has not been evaluated yet in humans. So, this study was designed to check the tolerability and effectiveness of Sadabahar in patients with type II DM (T2DM). Methods: Six cases of T2DM patients with fasting blood sugar level (FBS) between-125 mg/dl to 300 mg/dl and postprandial blood sugar level (PP2BS) between - 140 mg/dl to 500 mg/dl were enrolled. Patients received the drug in three doses- 2 grams per day (gm/day), 3 gm/day, and 5 gm/day in groups A, B, and C respectively for 15 days with their anti-diabetic medicine and a routine lifestyle. Result: The results showed a reduction in FBS and PP2BS in all groups, with Group C showing the most significant improvement. The Baseline FBS values of Group C were 219 mg/dl and 295.8 mg/dl decreased to 165.6 mg/dl and 203 mg/dl, respectively, while PP2BS decreased from 370 mg/dl and 363.4 mg/dl to 284.6 mg/dl and 330 mg/dl. No adverse events were observed. Conclusion: All three doses of Sadabahar lowered blood sugar levels and no adverse event was noted during study time. Among them, 5 gm/day (group C) was the most effective and safe dose in T2DM patients.
... ( BMI = Weight in Kg / Height in M2). 11 The overweight and obese women (BMI ≥ 25 ), Pregnant, diabetic, hypertension and IHD women, Patients taking drugs for lipids or taking hormonal drugs a minimum of three months before the trial, and patients with a history of hysterectomy, oophorectomy were excluded from the research. Before participating in or withdrawing from the study, all women give their written agreement. ...
... Positive health is most essential factor for productive life of an individual and community. The World Health Organization (WHO) defined "Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity" (1). According to the WHO, mental health is "a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community" (2). ...
Introduction: Now a days, erratic lifestyle, characterised by poor dietary habits, sedentary behaviours, busy
schedule and stress have led to rising concerns about physical and mental well-being because these lead to arise of
different illnesses condition. There is growing worldwide interest in traditional health practices like Yoga and
Vyayama (exercise), as they are seen as complementary to conventional medicine. Studying both practices together
offers a thorough grasp of how they support mental and physical well-being, resulting in more holistic wellness
approaches. Objective: The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of yogic practices and vyayama on certain
physical and mental variables in healthy individuals. Material and methods: About 150 healthy volunteers fulfilling
the inclusion and exclusion criteria have been registered randomly in three different groups for total period of 3
months. Three distinct follow-ups were conducted to evaluate changes in various objective parameters i.e.,
Flexibility, Agility, Body Mass Index (BMI), Muscular Strength and subjective criteria, Mental Health Inventory
(MHI) – Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Inventory (MSQLI). Results: Results of this study showed that vyayama
had greater effect on physical variables like and yoga had greater effect on mental variables. On intragroup
comparison (Wilcoxon Singed Rank Test) there was statistically significant result seen in flexibility, BMI, and mental
health in group A. On intragroup comparison there was statistically significant result seen in agility and muscular
strength in group B. Conclusion: This study shows that the significance of Yoga and Vyayama as effective, nonpharmacological interventions for improving certain physical and mental variables. Their natural and holistic
approach to enhancing well-being, without any side effects, makes them especially beneficial as preventive health
measures
... They are especially vulnerable to nutritional inadequacies because of the physiological demands of both pregnancy and lactation (FAO & WHO, 2018;FAO, 2021). One method among many to enhance WRAs' micronutrient nutrition is to promote a varied diet (FAO & WHO 2018;FAO, 2021;Park, 2015). Women who live in low-income households often consume meals that are deficient in various nutrients, which, along with their low incomes, high food costs, and lack of knowledge, causes so-called hidden hunger (Ghattas, 2014). ...
Background
Diet quality refers to a diversified, balanced and healthy diet which is reflected in variety and diversity, adequacy, moderation and overall balance. Women’s diet quality during reproductive years influences their long-term health.
Objective
This cross-sectional study assessed the socio-demographic and socio-economic status, anthropometric status, dietary intake and diet quality of 270 women of reproductive age.
Methods
A probability sample was taken from households in the Sagamu Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria. A semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on socioeconomic and socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences of the respondents were measured, body mass index calculated and compared with standards. Dietary intake was assessed using a multi-pass 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire. The Diet Quality Index International (DQI-I) questionnaire was used to assess diet quality on a scale of 100. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS, version 23. Chi-square and correlation were employed to determine the association and relationship between variables. The level of significance chosen was at p<0.05.
Results
51.1% had a normal body mass index though there was high prevalence ofoverweight
(29.6%) and obesity (14.4%). 57.4% were centrally obese and 46.7% had high waist to-hip ratio, indicating high disease risk. The main staples consumed were cereals, roots and tubers and legumes. Carbohydrate and protein were in excess while potassium, calcium, folate, vitamin C and fiber were inadequate. Consumption of fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, protein, and iron were at recommended levels. The total DQI-I score was 62.9/100. The diet variety score, 12.5, indicating good diet variety. The diet adequacy score was 17.6, indicating low diet adequacy. The diet moderation score was 25.64, indicating good moderation. The dietary balance score was 7.1, indicating good overall balance.
Conclusions
We conclude that most of the respondents had good dietary variety, good dietary
moderation and good overall balance; however, there was low diet adequacy, with a
distinct pattern of low consumption of fruits and vegetables. It is recommended that the DQI-I tool be widely used in Nigeria as a means of assessing and comparing diet quality at state level.
... 2 Degenerative alterations are what occur every time. 3 According to Ayurveda, a person's lifespan is split into three halves known as Vaya. These are Balavastha (childhood), which lasts till the age of sixteen, Madhyavastha (young and middle age), which spans the years from the age of sixteen to the age of sixty or seventy, and Vriddhavastha or Jirnavastha (old age), which denotes the years after the age of sixty or seventy. ...
Background:The medical speciality of geriatrics focuses on the well-being of the elderly and primarily on the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of illnesses and disabilities in older persons. One of the eight branches of Ayurveda, called Jara (aged), exhibits similarities to geriatrics in contemporary science. According to Ayurveda, each person's life is split into three phases, each of which has a specific humor predominating. Out of the three stages, old age starts from 60 years and above which has Vata Dosha preponderance. Material and methods: Detailed information on Geriatrics has been reviewed and collected by systematic screening of different classical texts of Ayurveda, e-database journals, publications, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and various published research papers. Results: In this review, it is revealed the benefits and therapeutic effects Dincharya (daily regimen), Ritucharya (seasonal regimen), Sadvritta (daily regimen), Diet, Rasayana, Panchakarma in elderly which help in delaying the early ageing and tackles the health concerns of the aged. Conclusion: The aim of this article review explores the therapeutic practices of Ayurveda which that based on rejuvenation, health promotion, and the prevention and control of degenerative illnesses. Rasayan therapy and Panchakarma have been shown to be effective treatments for musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, metabolic, psychological, and many other chronic health issues that affect the elderly.
... Symptomatic disease usually occurs in 10% of infected individuals. 6 India is a mosaic of myriad geographical, socio-cultural & political distribution. Disease distribution, its determinants are also varying in nature, leading to differential intervention need in the same country. ...
Objective: To assess the magnitude of Entamoeba histolytica/ Entamoeba dispar infestation and to study some socio-demographic correlates in relation to parasitic infestation in the study subjects. Material & Methods: A cross sectional epidemiological study was carried out in West Bengal, India among rural population of two districts. Stool samples from selected study subjects of all age groups were tested for presence of parasitic infestation by standard diagnostic procedures and data were collected to get information on socio demographic correlates of E. histolytica /E. dispar infestation. Results: Total 402 stool samples were tested. 23.4% of stool samples were positive for parasitic infestation. Major types were E. histolytica/E. dispar (17.7%), G. lambia (3.23%), B. hominis (2.23%), A. lumbricoidis (0.99%) and Hookworm (0.76%). Six samples were positive for mixed infection (1.49%). Among those infected with E. histolytica/E. dispar, majority were female (63.4%), middle aged 21-60yrs (53.5%). Magnitude was highest among geriatric people (26.7%) and children aged 6-10yrs (22.7%) and least among <5yrs age (9.1%). Majority of the infested persons were asymptomatic (52.1%). Participant’s self perception, self medication & water used for washing utensils were found to be significantly associated with parasitic infestation. Conclusion: Result reiterates the need for organized efforts for improvement of basic sanitation needs in the area to curb the parasitic morbidities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v2i3.4375 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 164-168
Health is a fundamental human right, and healthcare agencies play a crucial role in providing necessary services to those in need. According to the World Health Organization, health is not merely the absence of disease but a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. Hospitals, as key caregiving units, are central to achieving this goal. Patient satisfaction is a vital aspect of healthcare, as it directly influences the quality of services provided and is shaped by factors such as patient expectations, attitudes, and past experiences. In above context, a descriptive study was conducted to assess the nursing care from patient’s perspective. It was conducted on 60 patients selected from medical and surgical wards of a tertiary care hospital Chandigarh. Patients who were going to be discharged were taken in target population. The sampling technique used was total enumeration. A socio-demographic interview schedule was also used to collect the demographic data of the subjects. Caring Behaviour Measurement tool (C.B.M) was used, which consisted of 28 items to assess the nursing care. Data was analysed by SPSS 16.0. Findings of the present study revealed that out of 60 subjects nearly three fourth subjects i.e 44(73.3%) were fully satisfied and 16(26.6%) were moderately satisfied whereas not satisfied and not sure were less than 0.1%. Although the number of ‘not satisfied’ and ‘not sure’ was very less, we need to understand the patient’s perception more keenly to make them more satisfied with the services offered.
Filariasis continues to be a significant public health problem and its parasites affect the lives of millions of people, especially those living in tropical countries, like India. It is caused primarily by Wuchereria bancrofti (90%) and in some cases by Brugia malayi and timori (10%). Even though filariasis is highly prevalent in the endemic regions, it is rarely reported from the extra lymphatic sites. Here, we are reporting the case of a 20 year-old male who presented with a left-sided post-auricular subcutaneous nodular swelling of size 3 cm × 2 cm for the past 6 months. Routine blood investigations and peripheral blood smear examinations were reported as normal. Fine needle aspiration cytology from the lesion revealed microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti. This case report highlights the chances of finding microfilaria from an unusual site. In the differential diagnosis of subcutaneous nodular swellings, the possibility of filariasis must be kept in mind, and a careful search should be done for microfilaria in the aspiration smears done for an accurate diagnosis.
A healthy school environment significantly contributes to the overall development and well-being of students. This study aimed to assess the infrastructure, safety, and health conditions of students in Model School through structured observation and health screening. Objectives: To evaluate the adequacy of health, hygiene, and safety facilities within the school. To assess the health status of students through a comprehensive health check-up. Methods:A descriptive observational study was conducted at Model School, covering 170 students (79 males and 91 females). School infrastructure and safety were assessed using a structured observation checklist. A detailed health screening was carried out over two days, including anthropometric measurements, ENT, dental, respiratory, vision, and general physical health assessments. Results: The school lacked several basic facilities such as proper lighting, ventilation, canteen, mid-day meal, and clearly marked fire evacuation routes. Health assessments revealed 57.64% students had dental caries, 15.29% had anemia, and 13.52% experienced epistaxis. A small proportion of students showed signs of overweight, obesity, and respiratory issues. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for urgent improvements in school health infrastructure and the implementation of regular health education and screening programs. A collaborative approach involving school authorities, health care providers, and families is essential to promote and sustain student health.
Introduction: HbA1c could be used as a viable biomarker for predicting dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD).Lipid abnormalities are common in diabetic population irrespective of insulin deficiency (or) resistance. The most common abnormality noted is hypertriglyceridemia. Objectives: To determine the correlation of Triglyceride levels with HbA1c values in Diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: The study is an observational study. The sample size will be 100 patients for evaluation of triglyceride levels and HbA1c (by satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria) after informed written consent. Triglyceride levels and HbA1c levels will be checked for the patients who are selected, and the statistical test will be done to determine the correlation between them. Results: The participants were grouped into three categories based on HbA1c levels, participants with excellent control, good control and poor control. The mean and standard deviation of lipid parameters was higher in poorly controlled group. Positive correlation observed between triglyceride and HbA1c (r=0.257). Conclusion:Poorly controlled HbA1c has been found to be strongly linked to hypertriglyceridemia and also places them at high risk for cardiovascular disease. HbA1c levels can be used as an ideal marker for prediction of dyslipidemia. It can be used to screen high-risk diabetic patients for timely lipid-lowering medication intervention, averting unfavourable cardiovascular event
Noise is undoubtedly a common occurrence in daily life and is considered to be one of the most effective alarm systems in the environment around us. This study was carried out in 5 Local government areas in Benue zone C where Busy Roads, Garages, Schools, Residential areas, Hospitals, Hotels, and Markets were considered for data collection of noise pollution level. The results obtained from the study depicted that the noise pollution level in Otukpo ranges from 52.0 dB to 98.9 dB at maximum level and 16.7 dB to 38.6 dB at minimum level, in Ogbadibo it ranges from 40.0 dB to 88.9 dB (max) and 15.0 dB to 29.0 dB (min), in Okpokwu it ranges from 46.0 dB to 90.9 dB(max) and 14.0 dB to 35.6 dB (min), in Apa it ranges from 45.0 dB to 91.9 dB (max) and 16.0 dB to 30.6 dB (min) and in Oju it ranges from 35.7 dB to 87.9 dB (max) and 14.0 dB to 30.0 dB. The noise level results obtained depicted that they are at the permissible limit set by World Health Organization (WHO) and Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) with the range of 30.0 dB to 85.0 dB and 40.0 dB to 90. 0 dB respectively, except in some residential areas and garages. Since some areas shows higher noise pollution level compare to the permissible limit set by World Health Organization (WHO) and Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) authorities should enforce regulations, implement noise control measures such as soundproofing and equipment maintenance, promote public awareness, encourage green buffers, and ensure health protection for individuals exposed to high noise levels.
Obesity, characterized by excessive adipose tissue growth, varies not only in fat quantity but also in regional distribution, influencing associated health risks. The two common fat distribution patterns—apple (android) and pear (gynoid) shapes—differ in fat accumulation sites and may differently impact respiratory function. Obesity adversely affects pulmonary mechanics by increasing respiratory effort, reducing lung compliance, and impairing gas exchange. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) is a simple, non-invasive measure reflecting airway function and is widely used to assess respiratory health. While obesity is known to reduce lung function, the specific effects of fat distribution on PEFR remain unclear. This study aims to compare PEFR values between individuals with apple-shaped and pear-shaped obesity to understand how fat distribution influences airway performance. Understanding these differences can help tailor interventions and improve respiratory health outcomes in obese populations.
Background: As per world health organization (WHO) report an accident-related deaths are known to be the eighth leading cause of death and first largest cause of death among children aged 5-14 years and adults aged 15-29 years. As most of the deaths due to road traffic accidents (RTA) were among younger people. So, prevention of RTAs is very crucial by creating awareness and taking proper measures toward road safety in young adults like medical students. The aim of the study was therefore to explore the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding the road safety regulations among medical college students of private medical college in Meerut. Methods: Study setting was in private medical college in Meerut, study population was 150 medical students, study unit was 150 undergraduate medical students of Batch 2021 and 2022, study design used was: Ani experimental study sample size: complete enumeration sampling technique (purposive sampling) inclusion criteria included all those who are present at the time of data collection. Data analysis was done by structured questionnaire on google form MS excel with appropriate test. Results: For all informative, warning and imperative signs the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) were significantly improved (p<0.05 in each case) after giving educational intervention on road safety signs. Conclusions: There was significant improvement in the knowledge attitude, practices of medical students after educational intervention on road safety regulations, so this approach can help in reduction of RTA incidents in India, which can be studied also in future studies.
Background: Diabetes, affecting 422 million people worldwide, with India having the second-largest diabetic population. India accounts for 1 in 7 of the global diabetic population and 63% of all deaths from NCDs. In Gujarat, diabetes prevalence is 16% in women and 17% in men. Quality of life (QOL) includes physiological, psychological, social, and spiritual satisfaction, is a key factor in disease management. Assessing QOL helps identify patient needs, evaluate treatment regimens, and improve health management. Methods: We conducted a community based cross-sectional study among diabetic patients using a Short Form 36 V2 to measure QOL of diabetics aged >18 years. In-person interviews were conducted with 310 diabetic patients from 30 UHCs of Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation that were chosen by cluster sampling. Data was analysed using suitable statistical parameters. Results: The study included 160 male and 150 female diabetic patients, with a mean age of 55.46±9.85 years and mean diabetes duration of 5.69±3.44 years. The mean QOL score was 71.37±18.14, with males reporting higher QOL than females. Advanced age, longer diabetes duration, sedentary lifestyle, comorbidities, and complications were associated with lower QOL. Higher education, nuclear family type, higher socio-economic status (SES) and regular physical activity improved QOL. No significant association was found between QOL and religion, occupation, marital status, diet type, overcrowding, or addiction. Conclusions: Significantly associated variables with QOL included Age, gender, education, type of family, Socioeconomic status, lifestyle, physical activity, comorbidity, duration and complication of diabetes.
Menstrual hygiene is very important during menstruation but due to lack of knowledge many girls are not following proper hygiene and in future they will suffer from many illness and cervical cancers are rising nowadays due to lack of hygiene. If they follow proper menstrual hygiene then this problem will be reduced. Objectives are to assess the pre-test level of knowledge regarding menstrual health and hygiene, to evaluate the effectiveness of school-based program on knowledge regarding menstrual hygiene and also to find out the association between post-test knowledge scores with thesis selected demographical variables. In this study, pre-experimental pretest post-test design was adopted and 60 girls were selected. The findings showed that, in pretest with mean score 11.41(47.34%) with standard division 4.39 and in a post-test with a mean score of 13.75 (57.29%) standard division 2.7. The obtain ‘t’ value 3.33 is greater than the table value at the degree of freedom 59 at 0.01 level of significance. Hence, education is effective in improving the adolescent’s knowledge about menstrual health and hygiene.
Background: Diabetes mellitus is an important public health matter worldwide. It is a set of metabolic disorders that lead to elevated blood sugar levels for a long span. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study implemented at the diabetic center of Shahat City. It studied all enrolled cases from September 2013 to the end of 2023, and all information was obtained about age, gender, age at the start of the disease, and other personal information about cases, in addition to whether the patient was type 1 or 2 from records of the center. The subjects of the study were all the patients who registered in the Diabetic Shahat Center the study was conducted in 2024. 2713 out of 3778 whose complete data were included and those incompletes were excluded. Results: The study showed diabetes in Shahat City distribution of diabetic patients, with 56.6% females and the highest age range being 41-60. Most cases were type 2 diabetic patients (90%). Conclusions: In terms of gender, there were slightly more females than males. In addition, this study proved that age is an important determinant in the occurrence of DM and increases the likelihood of getting DM with increased age Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, insulin, Shahat City, Libya
Adolescents with visual impairment face numerous challenges, particularly in areas of growth and development such as socialization and physical milestones. This study explores the challenges in play activities and the perceived need for peer support among visually impaired adolescents. A qualitative approach was employed, targeting visually impaired adolescents aged 12-15 years studying at a government special school for the visually impaired in Chennai. Using purposive sampling, five students were individually interviewed, and their responses were analysed through thematic coding. Thematic analysis revealed three key themes: peer support as a central aspect of their lives, the importance of a healthy ecosystem, and the role of engagement in play activities. The findings highlight critical factors that influence the emotional, social, and physical development of visually impaired adolescents, providing insights into their experiences and the support needed to foster positive relationships and holistic growth.
Background of the study: Throughout the world, poor people, health care workers and those from disadvantaged social groups suffer most illness and die sooner. Tuberculosis continues to rank among the world’s most serious health problems, despite the remarkable achievements of discovering effective diagnostics measures. The bacillus causing Tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculi was identified and described on March 24, 1882 by Dr Robert Koch. Tuberculosis is infectious disease characterized by persistent cough. The organism primarily affects and causes pulmonary tuberculosis, and as the disease advances it spreads to other parts of the body like kidney, bones, menninges etc. Tuberculosis remains a worldwide health problem. Recently released global TB report card 2008 indicates that India not only retains a high burden of TB about also is at substantial risk for developing multidrug resistant TB on a large scale as problematic, the report called indicates that current treatment practices may be contributing to the growing incidence of multidrug TB. It notes there may be a higher risk of multidrug resistant TB developing in the 20% of TB patients in India who present for retreatment after receiving DOTS. Every year TB develops in nearly 2 million people in India, Despite the government of India’s effort to control TB, the disease continuous to kill 2 people every 3 minute or nearly 1000 daily, according to TB control organization of India and nearly 1 million cases are smear positive; an estimated 40% of the Indian population is latently infected with M. tuberculi. Methodology: This was quasi experimental study, with 50 subjects were selected through simple random sampling technique. One group pre test post test design was used. Data was collected by means of a structured questionnaire which was divided into 2 sections (socio- demographic data and knowledge regarding self-protection practices against tuberculosis). The reliability of the tool was established ...
Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) caused by atherosclerosis is a major contributor to stroke. Accurately assessing stenosis severity and plaque morphology is crucial for stroke prevention and management. This study aimed to evaluate Doppler sonography (DS) as a diagnostic tool for carotid stenosis and plaque morphology. Fifty patients with suspected carotid artery stenosis underwent both DS and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in this study. The diagnostic efficacy of DS compared to MRI was evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Agreement between the two methods was assessed using the Kappa statistic. The majority of patients were elderly. The male-to-female ratio was 3:1. DS demonstrated high accuracy in diagnosing plaque presence or absence, with sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of 98.41%, 100%, and 98.4%, respectively. However, for diagnosing significant stenosis (>50% stenosis), the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 92.89%, 97.67%, and 97%, respectively. DS shows high sensitivity and specificity for detecting both significant stenosis (>50%) and plaque buildup. However, MRI alone is not reliable for diagnosing partial subclavian steal syndrome.
Introduction: Good nutrition requires a satisfactory diet, which is capable of supporting the individual consuming it; it is a state of good health by providing the desired nutrients in required amounts. It must provide the right amount to fuel to execute normal physical activity. If the total nutrients provided in the diet is insufficient, a state of under nutrition will develop. Methods: A quantitative non experimental research approach was adopted for this study. The samples were selected using purposive sampling technique. The sample considered of 112 mothers of under-five children. The instruments used for data collection were demographic characteristics and a structured knowledge questionnaire. Results: The overall grading of knowledge score showed that one-third of the subjects 63 (55.3%) had adequate knowledge and 49 (44.5%) of the subjects had inadequate knowledge regarding child nutrition. Conclusion: The overall findings of the study clearly showed that mothers had adequate knowledge regarding child nutrition.
This study aims to find out the feeding practices of under-five-year-old children, and to find out the relationship between socio-economic condition and nutritional status of less than five-year-old children in the study area. The study was conducted in Shailyshikhar Municipality-07 with the sample 98 mothers and 115 children as sample selected purposively using using census method. The study reveals that most of the mothers were found unaware of how to feed, what to feed and when to feed with the appropriate skill of preparing colostrum feeding, frequency of feeding and bottle feeding. The frequency of feeding babies and nutritional food practices were found poor. Furthermore, the study showed that 28.89 per cent of boys were not gaining proper weight for their age properly, 22.22 per cent were not gaining proper weight as per their height; 22.64 per cent of girls had low weight as per their and 33.96 per cent of girls had low weight as their age. This study found that there was no proper feeding practice for children under five years old due to the lack of knowledge awareness and of the occupational composition of mothers. The nutritional status of the children depends on various factors such as breastfeeding, colostrum feeding, and duration of appropriate feeding, knowledge of the mother, proper feeding economic and social status and so on.
A thick fatty tissue called lipohypertrophy develops in the insulin site as a result of repeated injections at the same location. Patients with diabetes mellitus who use regular insulin are more likely to experience it. The absorption of insulin is impacted in these adipose-rich regions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how well individuals with diabetes mellitus responded to video- assisted instruction on lipohypertrophy prevention. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of video- assisted instruction in preventing lipohypertrophy and investigate the relationship between lipohypertrophy preventive pretest knowledge and certain socio- demographic factors. Thirty patients with diabetes mellitus receiving insulin injections made up the total sample size. To choose the samples, a convenient sampling procedure was applied. Using a self-administered questionnaire, the investigators evaluated the participants' degree of knowledge regarding lipohypertrophy prevention during the pretest. A half-hour of video- assisted instruction on lipohypertrophy prevention was conducted on the same day. A posttest using the same instrument was carried out five days later. 10.4% of the samples had strong knowledge during the pretest, 43% had average knowledge, and 46.6% had poor knowledge. Following video-assisted instruction, 71.2% of samples possessed excellent knowledge, 25.5% had average knowledge, and 3.3% had inadequate knowledge regarding lipohypertrophy avoidance. A paired "t"test was employed, and the results indicated a statistically significant increase in knowledge ('t'=9.25, p <0.05). Pretest knowledge scores and a few chosen demographic factors do not correlate. The study came to the conclusion that patients with diabetes mellitus can effectively prevent lipohypertrophy by learning more through video assisted education.
Environmental toxicology is a multidisciplinary domain of science, which occupies an important niche, overlapping the field of toxicology. It focuses on humans and other living beings and therefore plays an important role in addressing public health challenges. With increasing numbers of environmental problems, there is a need for immediate health solutions. Environmental toxicity and its health hazards are not a new global issue; it has been in practice for 5,000 years. In olden days, kings, when they entered enemy kingdoms along with the military, faced the threat of being poisoned by entities like air, water, land, grass, and cattle feed. In present days, because of human activities, industries, pesticides, chemicals, and other unhealthy behaviors, the environment is getting poisoned and affecting the health of not only human beings but also the other living creatures of the earth and aquatic ecosystems. The present COVID-19 crisis is also a kind of environmental toxicity affecting the whole world. This paper is an attempt to review the health problems and methods of purification of such environmental particulates explained in classical texts and discuss the adaptation of these methods for challenging problems related to environmental toxicity in the present era.
Burden of care refers to physical, psychological, social disturbances of the caregivers and coping strategies means, it is an effort of individual which will help them in overcoming of any problem while caring mentally ill patient. To assess the burden of care and Coping strategies among caregivers of mentally ill patients in selected hospital. Methodology: Descriptive research design was used in the study on total 140 caregivers were selected through convenience sampling technique. Data was collected by interview method for Socio-demographic variables, structured tool on Burden Scale for Family Caregivers and Coping Scale for Family Caregivers area in Psychiatry OPD and IPD of Himalayan Hospital, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Results: The study result showed that the burden of care among caregivers of mentally ill patients was high (53.6%) and the caregivers who were adopted sufficient coping strategies were (55.0%) and 45.0% caregivers of mentally ill patients were having less coping strategy to deal with burden of care while caring mentally ill patient. The result also showed that the mean Burden of care of family caregivers score was maximum in psychological (13.743.475), minimum in Sociological (7.982.306) and least in physiological domain (6.142.498). Result depicts that mean of coping strategies among caregivers score was maximum in psychological (22.063.571), minimum in physiological (12.731.340) and least in sociological (8.812.643). Conclusion: Study concluded that there is the presence of high burden among caregivers of mentally ill patients and they are using sufficient coping strategies.
Introduction: Nutritional assessment of antenatal and postnatal mothers is important because a balanced and adequate diet is of utmost importance during pregnancy and lactation to meet the increased needs of the mothers and to prevent nutritional stress. Hence an attempt is being made to find the nutritional status of antenatal and postnatal mothers in selected rural areas at Nellore, Andhrapradesh. Objective: To assess the nutritional status of antenatal and postnatal mothers. Material and methods: The present community based cross-sectional study was conducted in rural areas of Nellore City of Andhrapradesh state (India) from15/12/13to 20/1/14. The study sample included 52 antenatal mothers, 21 postnatal mothers of aged 20-35years age group selected by convenience sampling method.. Results and discussion: In the present study 43 mothers belong to 20-25 years of age group. Among this group, 8(15.38%) mothers were underweight, 33(63.46%) were normal and 2(3.8%) mothers were overweight, and 9 mothers belong to 26-30 years age group. In that only one mother had underweight (1.92%), 7(13.46%) mothers were normal and one mother had over weight (1.92%). There were 21 post natal mothers who came under the inclusion criteria of the study. In that, 15 mothers belong to 20-25 years age group. Among these, 3(10.28%) mothers were underweight and 12(57.14%) mothers had normal weight and 5 mothers belong to 26-30 years, in that only one mother was underweight (4.76%) and 4(19.04%) mothers had normal weight and one mother belongs to 31-35 years of age, had normal weight (4.76%). Multivariate analysis for height and weight with iron, protein and calories were done. It has shown that there is a significant relationship between height and weight with iron, protein and calories intake at α =0.05 level. In this study statistically significant association was found between nutritional status of the mothers with the education, occupation, and income of the mother. No statistical significant association was found between nutritional status and age of the mother, religion, type of family, availability of health services, environmental hygiene, source of health information, dietary pattern, following antenatal exercises, rest pattern, psychological support and antenatal visits. Conclusion: The above results shown that there is a significant relation exists between nutritional status of the mother and the BMI and the BMI will be influenced with iron, protein, and calories intake of the mother.
Background: Persistent inadequate calorie intake can hinder children's growth, leading to a cumulative impact on linear growth. This global concern manifests as stunted height growth and subsequent weight loss, known as wasting, indicative of acute malnutrition. Aim and Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of homoeopathic constitutional medicine in promoting children's development, using WHO and IAP development charts as benchmarks. The primary goal was to assess the impact of homoeopathic treatment on children's growth trajectories. Material and Methods: A prospective interventional study included 70 children aged 1 to 18 years exhibiting growth variations according to WHO and IAP Growth Charts. Medication tailored to constitutional totality was administered, with regular follow-ups and nutritional guidance. Anthropometric measurements were recorded at intervals, and statistical analyses compared pre- and post-treatment growth parameters. Results: The study demonstrated the effectiveness of homoeopathy in addressing suboptimal growth standards. The t-test indicated a statistically significant difference in growth percentiles before and after treatment (p-value < 0.05), supporting the hypothesis that homoeopathy is beneficial in improving children's weight. Conclusion: Homoeopathic constitutional medicine shows promise in enhancing children's growth standards in line with WHO and IAP recommendations. These findings highlight homoeopathy as a potential supplementary therapy for addressing pediatric growth issues.
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