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Change Through Digitization—Value Creation in the Age of Industry 4.0
Abstract
Digitization—the continuing convergence of the real and the virtual worlds will be the main driver of innovation and change in all sectors of our economy. The exponentially growing amount of data and the convergence of different affordable technologies that came along with the definite establishment of Information and Communication Technology are transforming all areas of the economy. In Germany, the Internet of Things, Data and Services plays a vital role in mastering the energy transformation, in developing a sustainable mobility and logistics sector, in providing enhanced health care and in securing a competitive position for the leading manufacturing industry. This article discusses the impact, challenges and opportunities of digitization and concludes with examples of recommended policy action. The two key instruments for enhanced value creation in the Age of Industrie 4.0 are platform-based cooperation and a dual innovation strategy.
... Monitoring [30], [48], [49], [50], [51], [55] Tracking [20], [32], [33] Information [20], [54] Automation [20], [37], [47], [54] Cloud Manufacturing (CMg) Security [31], [38], [39], [45], [52] Resources as service [34], [40], [41], [43], [46] Orchestration [31], [38], [40] Resource management [38], [41], [42], [43], [46], [57] Utilization [40], [41], [44], [46] Big Data Analytics (BDA) ...
... Predictive [14], [18], [20], [51], [52] Data Collection [32], [33], [51], [55] Data-Driven [20], [30], [32], [33], [51], [52], [53], [55] Accurate [20], [32], [51], [52], [54] Predictive [14], [18], [20], [51], [52] Additive Manufacturing (AM) Prototype [7], [23], [33], [60], [61], [62], [63] Flexibility [33], [62], [63] Optimization [1], [19], [52], [56] Reduction [20], [22], [23], [27], [28], [33] Cyber-Physical System (CPS) Collaborates [7], [30], [33], [40], [51], [52], [64] Detects Production System [20], [33], [36] Decision Making [20], [33], [51], [54], [59] Visibility and Traceability [30], [32], [52] Synchronization [8], [9], [20], [52] Intelligent [20], [36], [37], [47], [65], [66], [67] www.ijacsa.thesai.org ...
... Predictive [14], [18], [20], [51], [52] Data Collection [32], [33], [51], [55] Data-Driven [20], [30], [32], [33], [51], [52], [53], [55] Accurate [20], [32], [51], [52], [54] Predictive [14], [18], [20], [51], [52] Additive Manufacturing (AM) Prototype [7], [23], [33], [60], [61], [62], [63] Flexibility [33], [62], [63] Optimization [1], [19], [52], [56] Reduction [20], [22], [23], [27], [28], [33] Cyber-Physical System (CPS) Collaborates [7], [30], [33], [40], [51], [52], [64] Detects Production System [20], [33], [36] Decision Making [20], [33], [51], [54], [59] Visibility and Traceability [30], [32], [52] Synchronization [8], [9], [20], [52] Intelligent [20], [36], [37], [47], [65], [66], [67] www.ijacsa.thesai.org ...
... The foundation of Industry 4.0 is technological advancements, advances in the field of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) systems, and the internet-based linking of whole value chains (Kagermann, 2015). Cyber-physical systems (CPS), which include sensors, microprocessors, and actuators, are at the heart of Industry 4.0, allowing for real-time data (Müller, Buliga, and Voigt, 2018). ...
... Industry 4.0, which is based on digitalization, automation, and interconnection, signifies a paradigm shift driving the contemporary industrial revolution (Liao et al. 2017). Its purpose is to connect resources, information, things, and people in the generation of industrial value (Kagermann 2015). ...
The emergence of 4IR, otherwise known as Industry 4.0, has introduced new communication technologies focusing on automation, digitalisation, and the global use of information. As a result, this is drastically changing the process of communication in project management. This article offers an exploration of Industry 4.0 concepts and technologies, and their impact on communications in projects. Firstly, 38 relevant studies have been identified. Then, a review has been conducted to identify the effects of Industry 4.0 integration on project communication. It has been determined that Industry 4.0 significantly impacts project communication. The results of this study also revealed that Industry 4.0 has contributed to the improvement of communication systems of projects, which highly affects the completion of a project. In addition, it was discovered that technological advancements are used to improve landscape communication. Finally, the deployment of Industry 4.0-based tools facilitates communication in project management and leads to greater efficiency through digitalisation and the integration of new technologies. The results of this study are intended to guide the project managers and contribute to the field of project management and Industry 4.0.
... 2017). A digital transformation, such as Industry 4.0 (e.g., Kagermann, 2015), can be defined as a "restructuring of the system level (form organisation, firm, industry, etc.) as a result of digital diffusion for improving the business processes (operations)" (Nhelekwa et al., 2022, p. 3) In addition to affecting society and business at all levels, the transformation also cuts across both public (Lindgren et al., 2019) and private (Zangiacomi et al., 2017) sectors. While there are foundational discussions on the meaning of digitalisation, this paper adheres to a view that the term digitalisation has been coined to describe the manifold sociotechnical phenomena and processes of adopting and using these [digital] technologies in broader individual, organizational and societal contexts" (Legner et al., 2017, p. 301). ...
... Zu (2009) describes QM practices as being both "hard" and "soft" and develops a conceptual model with QM practices in two groups: Core QM practices (i.e., quality information, product & service design and process management) and Infrastructure QM practices (i.e., top management support, customer relationship, supplier relationship and workforce management). With the advent of Industry 4.0 (e.g., Kagermann, 2015;Kagermann et al., 2013;Nhelekwa et al., 2022;Sony & Naik, 2019) and the concept of Quality 4.0 (e.g., Johnson, 2019;Sony et al., 2020), new and changing QM practices are also emerging (e.g., Gunasekaran et al., 2019;Maganga & Taifa, 2022a, 2022b. Technological gains within the realm of Industry 4.0, such as big data, artificial intelligence (AI) applications, Internet of Things (IoT), Internet of Services (IoS), automation, robotics and connectivity certainly increases firm performance (e.g., Khalifa et al., 2021) but equally important are the human skills and competencies needed to harness all these technology effective practices. ...
Studies suggest that quality management professionals need a range of skills to simultaneously exploit current operational models and explore digital transformation. However, there is limited research on the impact of digitalisation on improvement work, associated practices and the skills and competencies of quality management professionals. To contribute to this gap, this study draws on a framework based on a conceptual combination of the principles of quality management and the field of occupational competence. The study aims to understand how digitalisation influences the role of quality management professionals, by assessing its influence on the professionals’ improvement practices. The study employs a multiple cross-case research design with data from interviews with nine interviewees, and two focus groups. The results show a so far nascent and limited influence of digitalisation on improvement practices, a need for explorative and team-based practices. Moreover, nine needed skills areas to enhance the professionals’ potential to benefit from digitalisation in improvement work are suggested. These are Integrator, Pragmatic approach based on a good understanding of possibilities, Change management, Process management, General project management, Improvement analysis, Predictive and proactive approach in QM, General IT and Big data proficiency.
... A still unsolved question is the role of human workers and decision makers in future socio-technical production systems (STPS) [8][9][10] and how to design human-machine interfaces to support people working in future production scenarios [11]. On the one hand, more production processes are being automated by smarter and often non-transparent algorithms, raising questions of responsibility and control [12]. ...
... Employees will experience the comprehensive digitalization primarily by new types of Industrial User Interfaces [15]. Thus, the adequate design of these interfaces will be an important design parameter of sociotechnological production systems and an important necessity for the success of Industry 4.0 [11]. ...
The Digital Transformation is changing production and creates both new opportunities and requirements to support human operators in their work. To fully exploit the benefits, the integration of digital technology in the work processes needs to be balanced with the human factor by understanding users’ requirements and integrating these in the work processes. This article presents a broad series of prototypical Industrial User Interfaces as well as approaches and methods to investigate user interaction and workers’ requirements. The presented work is based on research activities from RWTH Aachen University’s Cluster of Excellence “Internet of Production” which combines multidisciplinary expertise to work on the future of digital production technology. Along different use cases we present the usage context, specific research question, and the methodological approaches as well as advantages and challenges for evaluating the interface. On the one hand, the article provides an overview of Industrial User Interfaces—from shop floor to strategic dimensions of production—and examples of the breadth of future Industrial User Interfaces (e.g., computer, VR, or Human-Robot-Interaction). On the other hand, it gives insights into current research challenges and their application in industry. We conclude with a research framework building on factors from the underlying production system, the interface, and the users that can inform future research on Industrial User Interfaces.
... Recently, enabled by developments in IoT and IoE technologies, intelligent devices, and an increasing use of connected technologies, several service industries are observing an increase in smart services (Larivière et al., 2017, Wunderlich et al., 20132015;Henkens et al., 2021). The definitions of "smart services" come from a combination of physical and digital services that are based on the data of a physical product (Kagermann et al., 2015). ...
... Recently, enabled by developments in IoT and IoE technologies, intelligent devices, and an increasing use of connected technologies, several service industries are observing an increase in smart services (Larivière et al., 2017, Wunderlich et al., 20132015;Henkens et al., 2021). The definitions of "smart services" come from a combination of physical and digital services that are based on the data of a physical product (Kagermann et al., 2015). However, not all the papers hold a definition of the term smart service; in some cases, authors use that word in their discourses without a clear explanation of its meaning. ...
Smart services are defined as services delivered through smart products. They co-create value by the customers and providers via connected systems and machine intelligence. However, despite in recent years the number of publications focusing on smart services has increased significantly, published research takes a piecemeal approach by focusing on particular smart service aspects or-subsets (e.g., smart cities, systems), rather than taking a broader birds-eye view of the overall smart services literature. to address these shortcomings, we carry out a systematic literature review, collecting and scrutinizing the information coming from published studies. The aim is to get an overall vision of the phenomenon and understand how the smart services concepts are elaborated in the service literature. Such an understanding allows us to detect what we call the features of this concept.
... Recently, enabled by developments in IoT and IoE technologies, intelligent devices, and an increasing use of connected technologies, several service industries are observing an increase in smart services (Larivière et al., 2017, Wunderlich et al., 20132015;Henkens et al., 2021). The definitions of "smart services" come from a combination of physical and digital services that are based on the data of a physical product (Kagermann et al., 2015). ...
... Recently, enabled by developments in IoT and IoE technologies, intelligent devices, and an increasing use of connected technologies, several service industries are observing an increase in smart services (Larivière et al., 2017, Wunderlich et al., 20132015;Henkens et al., 2021). The definitions of "smart services" come from a combination of physical and digital services that are based on the data of a physical product (Kagermann et al., 2015). However, not all the papers hold a definition of the term smart service; in some cases, authors use that word in their discourses without a clear explanation of its meaning. ...
... The increased complexity and variety of demand processes, boosted by ecommerce, have led retailers and logistics operators to offer a wider range of delivery channels and solutions that ensure faster, cheaper, and more flexible services [8]. Added to this challenge, in which the main structure is mostly achieved through digitization [9], operators must keep a competitive edge in the sector through increasing incorporation of emerging vehicle technologies and methods that meet the European Commission's environmental targets. ...
The specific use of drones for city logistics has been increasingly studied and analysed by research and industry. An examination of the findings in the literature indicates that drones have proven to be a useful and added-value tool in the most diverse fields. However, the importance of the citizen’s perspective has still not been sufficiently incorporated into the deployment of urban air mobility systems. This paper seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the interaction between public knowledge and the awareness of, and engagement with, drones, alongside the concerns and support for their use in city logistics. A survey was carried out in Portugal of the citizens with a view to better understanding their attitude towards such a goal. The survey revealed a positive attitude towards the use of drones in city logistics and that socio-demographic characteristics, namely gender, education level, job occupation, age, and home location are not directly correlated with citizens’ attitudes. Moreover, citizens revealed that they favour a potential environmental benefit over a reduction in delivery time, which they would be willing to pay for. The policy implications derived can help develop the knowledge of public perception about drone usage for transport-related tasks.
... The traditional methods of the 20th century were effective for solving problems of large-scale environment creation. Changes in the 21st century: new infrastructure & roles, information practices & decentralized systems, network systems & network cooperation of participants, distributed production -the very new ideas of the so-called "new economy" emerging today in "general" sectors of the economy, can have an effect in housing & renovation [6,7,8]. At the same time, methods of the 20th century were connected, complemented each other & gave a complex effect in synthesis. ...
Networked methods of cooperation, informatization practices, decentralized systems, «Uberization», emerging today in “common” sectors of the economy, can have an effect in housing/renovation. The 20th century, to solve the problems of large-scale housing creation, formed its own systems (including mass-production, standardization, functionalist vision, typization, etc.)- they all complemented each other and gave a complex effect in synthesis. Today, for new problems of renovation & creating sophisticated environment, we can mark possibility of forming our own complex systems – including “new” economy, network production, collaboration of participants - creating its own tools, more adapted to solve new problems. Changes of the 21st-century: “new economy”, network cooperation & participation for creating environment (sophisticated distribution design tasks in networks), new management - can form new systems and design techniques that contribute to the individualization & new understanding of housing for 21-stage-society. An experimental platform was created on the basis of these ideas, allowing to synthesize them. 3 cases will be considered: 1-”contrasted”(with the traditional methodology) dwelling design with communities in IT-environment. 2-Experimental residential complex including a “game” with different forms of individualization. 3-A historical building, renovated into a mixed-use-development with a public park. All of them demonstrate complicity, usage of AI, IT & based on the open-building philosophy. The methodology of work includes theoretical models & real community testing, systematized information, methods classification, various digital modeling data.
... Pengertian industri 4.0 pada penelitian ini adalah perubahan yang mendasar melalui perubahan proses, produk, layanan, dan model bisnis seiring dengan revolusi digital dan internet (G. J. Hahn, 2020), terhadap proses bisnis(Tjahjono et al., 2017;Dalenogare et al., 2018;Rejikumar et al., 2019), melalui penggabungan fisik dengan virtual(Sarvari et al., 2018;Ghadge et al., 2020) dengan cara menghubungkan manusia dengan benda(Kagermann, 2015). Pendorong Industri 4.0 antara lain adalah perubahan struktur sosial, ekonomi, dan politik di masyarakat(Lasi et al., 2014). ...
The trucking industry is experiencing tight competition in Indonesia. The intense competition is contributed by large number of business players in this industry. Trucking companies are part of the service industry, where it is difficult to implement value-added activities for the products they sell. The fourth industrial revolution requires industries to connect their businesses to the internet. Unlike the previous industrial revolution, this industrial revolution requires trucking companies to have different type of capabilities. In this study, the innovative capability is an important factor that must be acquired by trucking companies in order to remain competitive.
This is challenging for trucking companies, because there are still many companies that are unfamiliar with internet-based technology. In this study, there are three main factors that influence the trucking company's innovative capability, technological capability, market orientation, and supplier relationship. This study will examine the impact of these three factors on the company's innovative capability. The impact of the innovative capability is moderated by industry 4.0, where technological developments is important factor in supporting the company's innovative capability to be more competitive, will also be investigated further.
This research is a qualitative and quantitative research, starting with a comprehensive literature review, the above factors are then validated through interviews involving executives from five trucking companies. This study reveals that all indicators obtained from the literature are considered valid and therefore will be used to develop the survey instrument further.
Quantitative research is then carried out by collecting data using a survey method. Data from 423 respondents was obtained from the survey, using a list of trucking companies owned by the ministry of transportation, associations of companies, and other sources. Five hypotheses were developed and tested using partial least squares - structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results of the study indicate that technological capabilities and market orientation have a significant effect on innovative capabilities. However, we did not find the impact of supplier relationships on innovative capabilities. Innovative capabilities significantly affect trucking companies' competitive advantage, but industry 4.0 does not seem to moderate this impact.
Furthermore, we then conducted interviews to assess the maturity level of the innovative capability of 52 trucking companies. The results showed that the maturity level had a wide distribution, starting from the lowest to the highest level, but most of them were at the medium to mature level of maturity. This shows that most companies still have the opportunity to improve their innovative capabilities.
Finally, through action research, this research aims to improve the innovative capability of trucking companies in Indonesia. A series of actions for improvement divided into five stages have been carried out in the period from December 2021 to May 2022. The level of innovative capability is then measured by using a maturity model and compared before and after improvements. The results showed an increase in the company's innovative capability. It is also hoped that this research will contribute to the innovative capability in trucking companies and the development of theory in this field. In addition, these findings are also expected to provide valuable insights for practitioners and trigger for further research.
http://repository.its.ac.id/95858/
... The first three industrial revolutions have brought important changes in manufacturing from steam engines to automated electrical and digital production (WAHLSTER, 2012). It has evolved as a result of mechanization, electricity, and Information Technology respectively (KAGERMANN, 2015). ...
BİLİMSEL BİLGİYE VE BİLİMİN DOĞASINA YÖNELİK ÖĞRENCİ GÖRÜŞLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
... digital), process (adoption of technology), and results (improve situation and revenue, ensure sustainability). It is usually implemented through digitization, i.e. the networking of people and things and the convergence of the real and virtual worlds that is enabled by information and communication technology (Kagermann, 2015). The digital transformation involves transformations of key business operations and affects products and processes, as well as organizational structures and management concepts (Matt et al., 2015). ...
SHORT ABSTRACT: Digital transformations within organizations are helping such organizations to deliver services efficiently and at higher speed. Digital transformation requires a leader who can initiate the process, manage the process and even mobile resources to accomplish the process. Thus, this research studied the characteristics of digital leadership necessary to lead the digital transformation process within an organization. ABSTRACT: In the current era, digital technology has been among the competitive criteria for most organizations. Organizations have digitally transformed their services with the intention of imrpoving service delivery and improve efficiency and even boost revenue. Such transformation requires a digital leader who can champion such digital transformation. A digital leader is expected to initiate the digital transformation process, manage the process and even mobilize funds for such process. Thus, a digital leader must have some characteristics and behaviors that can enable him to achieve the goal of digital transformation. This research specifically studied the characteristics of digital leadership and based on Exploratory Factor Analysis identified related characteristics (i.e. factors) that were grouped into roles. The EFA of 23 items produced 7 factors while all 23 items loaded successfully. 4 factors and 13 items were included into the Confirmatory Factor Analysis which provided better fit for the sample data. The validity check showed the the digital leadership construct somehow converges and the 4 factors were different from one another. The study findings can be used by organization management while searching or promoting digital leaders, also they can be used in setting criteria and guidelines for getting leaders. Further research is recommended by incorporating more attributes and large sample size and if possible to consider cultural aspect.
... However, its development is not directly proportional to the development of technology and information itself. Even though as a fishery information and technology dissemination program, it will reach its target if it can meet users' needs, especially from the fishery extension workers themselves, the fishery extension workers think Cyber Extension needs to meet these criteria (Kagermann, 2015). ...
Efforts to equalize opportunities through digital application technology benefit not only the creators of the technology but also other parties. We have virtually searched data from several sources to prove and align this discussion. We analyzed it in the phenomenological approach chapter, which involves, among other things, a data coding system, a thorough evaluation of in-depth interpretation, and concluding so that this study can obtain valid and reliable findings. Based on the findings and discussions validated by scientific evidence, fisheries extension consultation through the assistance of digital fisheries applications in coastal communities in Indonesia is a breakthrough carried out by the government supported by the private sector and the participation of fishing communities. These findings will provide new insight into increasing the scientific repertoire of fisheries and technology studies. Therefore, it will be helpful for academics, industry, and the wider community.
... Literatur Staudt, E., Bestel, S. & Lewandowitz, T. (1996) 4.0 etabliert (s. u. a. Hirsch-Kreinsen 2016;Kagermann 2015), der die momentanen Entwicklungstendenzen als derart bedeutsam beschreibt, dass von einer vier-ten industriellen Revolution gesprochen werden kann. Die vorangegangenen drei Schübe industrieller Entwicklung, die a posteriori jeweils als Revolution betrachtet werden, stellen die Entdeckung der Dampfkraft im 18. Jahrhundert, des elektrischen Stroms im 19. ...
... Data growth and the evolvement of new technologies have been an accelerator of digitalization for the past years [1]. Digitalization improves our everyday lives and contributes to economy and society with data-driven solutions that can be applied to e.g., energy transformation, sustainable mobility, or health care [2]. At the same time, humanity is facing population growth which especially affects cities: it is estimated that 70% of humans worldwide will live in cities until the year 2050 and already today cities generate 80% of greenhouse gases [3]. ...
Proposal as part of the Companion Proceedings of th 13th International Conference on Software Business (ICSOB) 2022, outlining the upcoming research phases
... In this sense, the use of protocols adopted worldwide, such as MQTT, CoAP (constrained application protocol), AMQP (advanced message queuing protocol), HTTP/2 (updated version of hypertext transfer protocol), IPv6 (Internet protocol version 6), or 6LoWPAN (IPv6 over low-power wireless personal area networks) is an accepted and appropriate practice for implementing I4.0 technology [24,[34][35][36]. ...
Nowadays, global resources management intersects with collaboration and Industry 4.0 paradigms, namely for collaboratively managing cyber-physical systems. Only organizations that cooperate with their business partners, along with their suppliers and remaining stakeholders, including their clients, will be able to permit and promote the much-needed endowing of agility, effectiveness, and efficiency in their management processes. For that, suitable decision-making paradigms, along with underlying approaches, will be needed, in order to properly fulfil current companies’ decision requirements and practices. The main purpose of this paper is to show that this can be achieved by applying combined global resources management paradigms and approaches, to reach collaboration further supported by recent technology made available through Industry 4.0. In doing so, the interaction of companies and stakeholders, supported by appropriate networks, along with varying kind of other communication and problem-solving technology, will enable them to promote and reinforce interoperation to reach the best-suited management decisions, by considering each ones’ objectives and priorities, along with common goals. To this end, in this paper, a systematic literature review methodology is used to synthetize the main contributions about the relation of these domains. The study carried out and the results obtained permitted us to realize that dynamic, integrated, distributed, parallel, intelligent, predictive, and real-time-based decision paradigms are of the upmost importance currently, but are still just scarcely being combined, which is suggested though its encompassing through a proposed collaborative management framework that is recommended to be applied, either in industry or academia, to improve global resources management processes and practices.
... Therefore, a peculiar characteristic of I.4.0 is that it was a 'planned' industrial revolution (Lasi et al. 2014): researchers, experts and practitioners named it a revolution before it started, while the revolutionary impact of the previous three was awarded later. However, Kagermann (2015) states that the impact of I.4.0 regarding the economic development and the organization of work has the same level of intensity as the previous three revolutions. Furthermore, scholars agree in defining I.4.0 as a paradigm. ...
Industry 4.0 (I.4.0) has a significant impact on firms, supply chains
and in contexts where firms have built tight relations with high
levels of interactions in a delimited geographical area. An
industrial district (ID) represents an extraordinary field for
empirical investigation to understand how the knowledge linked
to the I.4.0 technological paradigm can be absorbed and
disseminated. However, the current literature has focused its
attention on the effect of I.4.0 on the IDs at an aggregate level,
while little is known about the role of the firms within the IDs.
This research aims to fill this gap by looking at two dimensions:
absorption and dissemination. We focused our attention on 101
firms belonging to four Tuscan IDs: the Santa Croce tanning
district, the Florentine leather district, the Prato textile district and
the Arezzo jewellery district. This research broadens the literature
about absorption and dissemination within IDs enlightening the
behaviour of firms in IDs, where they can play different roles:
‘traditionalist’, ‘bridge’, ‘isolated’ and ‘opportunist’. From a
practical perspective, this paper shows firms their role played
within IDs. From this research it comes out that competencies 4.0,
culture 4.0 and collaboration are the key aspects for turning IDs
into IDs 4.0.
... İlk olarak 2011 yılında Almanya'daki Hannover Fuarı'nda adını duyuran Endüstri 4.0 kavramı (Xu ve ark., 2018) akademisyenlerin, sanayicilerin ve hükümet yetkililerin son derece ilgisini çekmiş ve günümüzde üzerinde oldukça fazla çalışılan trend konulardan biri haline gelmiştir (Kagermann, 2015). Endüstri 4.0 kavramına ilişkin farklı birçok tanım bulunmakla birlikte genel olarak "ürünlerin ve üretim sistemlerinin yaşam döngüsündeki bütün değer zincirinin yönetiminde yeni bir seviye olan Dördüncü Sanayi Devrimi" olarak tanımlanmaktadır. ...
Bu çalışmada, Endüstri 4.0 kavramı ve teknolojileri incelenerek, gümrük süreçlerinin Endüstri 4.0 politikalarıyla birlikte uğradığı değişime ve ortaya çıkardığı yeni uygulamalara yer verilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, geliştirilen E-Gümrük Uygulamaları ele alınarak, Endüstri 4.0 teknolojilerinin gümrük hizmetleri üzerindeki rolü incelenmiştir.
... With the onset of human augmentation, digitalization, Big Data, and increasing number of objects with connectivity through Internet of Things (IoT) (Carretero & García, 2014;Kagermann, 2015), academics and practitioners have also been pushing the limits of AM by embedding inserts (Kataria & Rosen, 2001) and components (Prinz & Weiss, 1998) in parts for increased efficiency and sustainability. The recent advancements in AM processes and materials prompt further investigations in possibilities of manufacturing smart devices (Wohlers, 2021). ...
Additive manufacturing (AM) is rapidly developing into a general-purpose technology akin to electric drives and computers serving a plethora of applications. The advent and proliferation of the additive process triggering Industry 4.0 is encouraging academics and practitioners to establish new practices, designs, and modes of creating and supplying end-use parts.
Contributing to this emerging stream of research on AM technologies, the overarching objective of this doctoral dissertation is to discover situations and ways in which companies can benefit from implementing AM in conjunction with conventional manufacturing technologies. This is addressed and limited by three sub-objectives.
First sub-objective establishes a new operational practice—dynamic supplier selection using the build-to-model mode of manufacturing—for the provision of idiosyncratic spare parts to improve the after-sales operations of a case company. Second sub-objective estimates the combined uncertainty and the worst-case error in creating an end-use part, particularly a personalized implant made by radiologic images, thresholding, digital design, and AM. Third sub-objective develops process interruption-based embedding and creates prototypes of smart parts, in particular intelligent implants using four AM technologies. The work uses a multi-methods approach combining three case studies, experiments, and research methodologies to achieve the aim of theoretical insights, practical relevance, and innovation.
The empirical evidence confirms that AM can radically shift the performance frontier for problematic parts in conventional supply. The dynamic supplier selection practice allows operations managers to choose a supplier or multiple suppliers for idiosyncratic parts both existing and new. The selection can be based on cost reduction, lead-time reduction, and trade-offs in cost and lead-time according to customer requirements without significant transaction costs.
The generative mechanism of successful outcome is triggered by the simplicity in AM process instructions. Encapsulating the design and production-process instructions reduces mundane transaction costs and enables highly interactive model-based supplier relationships for decentralized manufacturing. The accuracy of AM technologies is predominant for establishing and substantiating appropriate practices. The process interruption-based embedding opens a direction for creating smart parts facilitating condition monitoring, machine learning, and preventive maintenance for Industry 4.0.
This doctoral dissertation aids researchers and practitioners in switching parts over to AM technologies from large spare part repositories with a dynamic response as opposed to a static choice with conventional manufacturing involving increasing minimum order quantities, costs, and lead-times. It can allow a dynamic response for accurate, personalized, and smart end-use parts.
... The connection between the physical environment, to which sensors and actuators are added, and an Internet network is the basis of Industry 4.0 so that the various devices can interact with each other (Kamble et al. 2018), collect information, and assist in decision-making. For Rubmann et al. (2015) and Kagermann (2015), it is in this interaction that the transforming power of Industry 4.0 is placed. Frank et al. (2019) classified Industry 4.0 technologies into two layers: front-end and base technologies. ...
With the advent of the fourth Industrial Revolution, sensors, machines, tools, and intelligent systems became connected and can interact with each other along the production chain. Such changes tend to increase productivity, as well as to promote changes in the workforce profile, and intensify competitiveness. The construction industry, however, has not kept up with other sectors in terms of adding technologies to its processes. Among other reasons, the lack of understanding about how technologies can be helpful to the industry is one of the main factors hindering the adoption. The aim of this work is, therefore, to analyze how the changes driven by the so-called Industry 4.0 can impact the construction industry. A Systematic Literature Review was conducted to identify the technology trends discussed and analyzed by the academy in the last years. We grouped the technologies according to their similarity and analyzed which phase of the construction lifecycle they could mainly impact. The results provide an essential overview of the vectors that may transform the industry in the coming years. It is possible to see that technologies such as BIM, along with other virtual environment concepts, and 3D Printing are subjects with great expressiveness among the selected papers. Also, the planning and management phase tends to be most revolutionized by introducing new technologies, followed by the construction stage. This work can contribute to developing an innovative vision and culture within the construction industry.
... Originally announced in 2013 as a German plan to modernize the industrial system (Xu, 2020a(Xu, , 2020b, it now generally refers to the conjoint implementation of advanced digital and automation technologies like artificial intelligence, augmented reality, big data analytics, cloud computing, the internet of things, robots and 3D printing. Taken together, these technologies enable automation, flexibilization, human-machine interconnectivity and mass customization, leading to the emergence of innovative business models and smart factories (Kagermann, 2015;Osterrieder et al., 2020), with new skill requirements and far-reaching effects on the labor market (Ciarli et al., 2021;Felice et al., 2021;Frey and Osborne, 2017). ...
Understanding how Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies complement each other on one side, and human skills on the other, is an increasingly important concern for managers and policymakers alike: it is essential for the optimization of firm-level sociotechnical interactions as much as it is vital to smoothen the digital transition on a global scale. However, firm-level evidence on patterns of conjoint adoption of I4.0 technologies and their relationship with skills is still scant. The present work contributes to covering this gap by leveraging a large cross-sectional database of Italian firms. Distinguishing between digital and physical I4.0 technologies, we find that companies are primarily (though not exclusively) driven toward either the former or the latter category of technologies. Additionally, we find that both the adoption of digital I4.0 technologies and the adoption of physical ones lead to the upskilling of non-ICT employees alongside ICT-specialized personnel. However, small firms seem to be constrained in their ability to follow the same upskilling strategy as their larger counterparts. This may have key practical implications, especially in the context of recent industrial policies enacted at the European level.
... Software automation, Robotic Process Automation (RPA), and industrial automation are the three different types of automation, while robots can be categorized into semi-autonomous and autonomous robots. Although it was predicted long ago that robotics would become an integral part of the supply chain until now, they were working only in the production environment to automate certain processes [155]. The various technological and organizational challenges have delayed their implementation in the other functions of a supply chain. ...
The supply chain ecosystem is becoming fragile and difficult to manage due to the complexities in its interlinked functions such as planning, procurement, production, logistics, distribution, and sales. Recently, organizations have started embarking on “Industry 4.0 technologies”, a name used to denote transformative modern-day technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, automation and robotics, Internet of Things, Big Data Analytics, Blockchain, and so on to make faster decisions, optimize current practices, provide end-to-end transparency, increased collaboration, and superior warehouse management, which can collectively make it an “Intelligent supply chain”. However, a comprehensive understanding of the subject is required to understand the benefits and challenges of adopting them. Hence, the article aims to systematically review the literature to identify various challenges associated with supply chain management and provide an overview of the role of Industry 4.0 technologies in addressing them. In addition to traditional complexities, the uncertainties arising from contemporary challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic, war, natural calamities, and difficulties businesses face in developing and adopting sustainable business practices. The study shows that although it is hard to predict the level of disruptions during any global events, it is possible to be prepared through Industry 4.0 technologies that can give agility, transparency, and resilience to the supply chain.
... Collaborative decision-making (CDM) implies an interaction and shared learning process among at least two entities, independent of both sharing the same objective or not [1,2] Although, usually, when the entities fall into a same context or business, they may also have a common goal, which can either occur in the context of traditional or in extended manufacturing environments (EMS) or in agile or virtual enterprises (A/VE), along with cyber physical systems [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. The CDM processes are of the utmost importance nowadays, in the Industry 4.0, once enabling and promoting the interconnection and interoperation among integrated entities, either persons and/or communication and processing devices, along with diver kind of machines, horizontally and/or vertically integrated through the [I]oT ([Industrial] Internet of Things), and supported by appropriate middleware, tools, systems, and platforms [9][10][11][12][13]. ...
Collaborative Manufacturing Scheduling (CMS) is not yet a properly explored decision making practice, although its potential for being currently explored, in the digital era, by combining efforts among a set of entities, either persons or machines, to jointly cooperate for solving some more or less complex scheduling problem, namely occurring in job shop manufacturing environments. In this paper, an interoperable scheduling system integrating a proposed scheduling model, along with varying kinds of solving algorithms, are put forward and analyzed through an industrial case study. The case study was decomposed in three application scenarios, for enabling the evaluation of the proposed scheduling model when envisioning the prioritization of internal–makespan-or external–number of tardy jobs-performance measures, along with a third scenario assigning a same importance or weight to both kinds of performance measures. The results obtained enabled us to realize that the weighted application scenario permitted reaching more balanced, thus a potentially more attractive global solution for the scheduling problem considered through the combination of different kinds of scheduling algorithms for the resolution of each underlying sub problem according to the proposed scheduling model. Besides, the decomposition of a global more complex scheduling problem into simpler sub-problems turns them easier to be solved through the different solving algorithms available, while further enabling to obtain a wider range of alternative schedules to be explored and evaluated. Thus, contributing to enriching the scheduling problem-solving process. A future exploration of the application in other types of manufacturing environments, namely occurring in the context of extended, networked, distributed or virtual production systems, integrating an increased and variable set of collaborating entities or factories, is also suggested.
... Learning and assessment can be integrated-unlimited data storage and servers. Internet bandwidth is also minimal because it is accessed via the website (Kagermann, 2015). ...
The article aimed to analyze the teacher guidance in the digitalization era: an effort to improve student achievement by strengthening online-sourced learning materials at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) Insan Cendikia Pelaihari Banjarmasin. Through semi-structured interviews with several teacher councils, the researchers have received many vital inputs regarding the dedication of teachers in guiding students to learn applications in the digital era in the distance learning situation. The researchers used a phenomenological approach to understand how teachers monitor online learning activities in the current era of technology. The result showed that the teachers was able to get the students care and using learning resources in various forms of application. The dedication of the teachers and the students in Madrasah Aliyah teachers from Pelaihari Banjarmasin has become strengthening in online sourced learning materials. The stduents has changed to get learning achievement to be better result. Hopefully, these findings help developing educational studies in the current era of technology. Keywords: Online Learning Materials, Improve Students Achievement, Online Learning
... Industry 4.0 supports employee growth by creating a management culture that encourages communication and training. As reported by Kagermann et al (2015), industry 4.0 allows employees to advance their skills. Employees will be able to be trained and embrace the process of continuous learning. ...
The construction industry makes significant contributions to the national GDP. The rapid increase in urban population resulted in increased demand for quality and productivity. Industry 4.0 offers an opportunity for the construction industry to grow sustainably. The term Industry 4.0 includes a range of technologies used to develop a digital value chain and enable automated manufacturing. The primary objective of this paper is to determine the status of industry 4.0 and its implementation in the construction industry. Using content analysis methods, this study analyzed 108 peer-reviewed articles published from January 2016 to December 2021, to reveal the most important key barriers to a successful implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies in the construction sector. The results shed light on some real challenges that can affect industry 4.0 applications and suggest directions for further research.
... It concerned the disastrous Grenfell Tower fire in London in 2017. Briefly, the fire aroseaccording to the evidence furnished at the public inquiry five years laterfrom an earlier renovation based on a low and successful contractor bid achieved by 'value engineering' (Kagermann 2015). Value engineering is the adaptation outside its original setting of Japanese automotive engineering and assembly setting that promises to take out value from any contractual supply process, otherwise 'sub-contracting', by removing burdensome cost elements, typically concerning labour and safety. ...
This collection on ‘Open Innovation and Catch-Up: Globalist or Localist?’ is introduced with an appreciation of three key transitions for spatial development today, viewed through seven comparative case analyses from Asia, the US and Europe. ‘Institutional path dependence’ is the first issue. The second has been ‘hyperglobalization’ now under moderate challenge from ‘de-globalization’. Third, is the process of ‘open innovation’ that accompanied the ‘globalist’ turn, nowadays a slur of extreme populists. A ‘pattern recognition’ exercise follows to discern types of path dependence, agency (‘dark’ and ‘lighter’) and institutional co-evolution, then the Theme Issue contributions are summarized.
... Process analysis boosted the development of a knowledge-based service ecosystem. Extant research has shown that digital transformation deeply reshapes value creation processes, business models, organizational structures, and management dynamics across different sectors (Lanzolla et al., 2020) and that innovative technologies enable the design of enhanced health services (Kagermann, 2015). Our case emphasizes that, within PPPs, the arrangement of innovative technologies needs to be accompanied by a fully fledged understanding of the processes and procedures characterizing the functioning of the public partner, which hosts the main context within which the collaboration is accomplished. ...
The ongoing digital transformation ushers unprecedented challenges for publicly owned healthcare organizations. Collaborative governance models, such as Public Private Partnerships (PPPs), advance their readiness to address such challenges, paving the way for the establishment of a viable service ecosystem. However, little is known about how PPPs enhance the publicly owned healthcare organizations’ ability to thrive amidst the digital transformation. The article investigates this issue, drawing on the exploratory case of “Lab@AOR”, a PPP established between Loccioni and the University Hospital of Marche (Italy) which focused on the robotization of a critical component of healthcare services’ delivery. Three ingredients have been found to nurture the PPP’s cohesiveness and success: (1) the alignment between the public partner’s needs and the private partner’s competences, (2) knowledge contamination, and (3) the adoption of patient-centeredness as the inspiring principle of the collaboration. The PPP represents an initial step of the transition towards a service ecosystem, entailing a fully-fledged partners’ integration for value co-generation.
... Digital economy is a new form of economic operation that emerged in the late stage of industrial economy development, which utilizes information network as the major carrier and makes digital resources as production factors [77]. Through modern communication and Internet technologies, the digital economy makes effective usage of resources in various industries of society, thereby creating higher eco-: nomic benefits than traditional industrial economy operations [46]. Although the development of technology has changed the operation and transaction methods of enterprises and accelerated the reliance of consumers on the Internet, the simple movement of services from "offline" to "online" has been insufficient to meet the demand for online services in the new century [19]. ...
With the continuous development of web technology, Web 3.0 has attracted a considerable amount of attention due to its unique decentralized characteristics. The digital economy is an important driver of high-quality economic development and is currently in a rapid development stage. In the digital economy scenario, the centralized nature of the Internet and other characteristics usually bring about security issues such as infringement and privacy leakage. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate how to use Web 3.0 technologies to solve the pain points encountered in the development of the digital economy by fully exploring the critical technologies of digital economy and Web 3.0. In this paper, we discuss the aspects of Web 3.0 that should be integrated with the digital economy to better find the entry point to solve the problems by examining the latest advances of Web 3.0 in machine learning, finance, and data management. We hope this research will inspire those who are involved in both academia and industry, and finally help to build a favourable ecology for the digital economy.
Businesses benefit from supply chain management because it enables the compatibility, integration, and high performance of applications, as well as the development of competitive qualities such as pricing, quality, and innovation. Today, businesses use information technology to compete and achieve their goals. Industry 4.0 is a new situation that has emerged as informatics, communication, internet, sensors, automation, artificial intelligence, and robotic technologies greatly affect and change production processes. As a result of Industry 4.0, information and automation technologies have caused the supply chain to adapt by digitizing it. On the other hand, with Industry 5.0 studies, it is aimed to reveal great innovations in logistics and supply chain management. In this study, the information and communication technologies used in the logistics and supply chain sector will be examined, Industry 5.0 applications will be discussed, and the current situation of Turkey will be evaluated.
To stay competitive in facing stiff competition, trucking companies need innovative capabilities. While much works related to innovative capabilities have been published in various sectors, we barely find any that specifically address trucking industry, especially in the era where the advancement of emerging technologies provide both opportunities and challenges. This paper investigates factors affecting the innovative capability of the trucking companies and how this innovative capability influences competitive advantage in the era of industry 4.0. The data of 423 respondents are gathered from a survey of trucking companies in Indonesia. Five hypotheses were developed and tested using partial least squares - structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The result reveals that technology capability and market orientation significantly affect innovative capability. On the other hand, innovative capabilities of trucking companies do not seem to be affected by their relationships with suppliers. The innovative capability significantly affected the trucking company's competitive advantage, but industry 4.0 does not moderate this impact. The finding provides helpful insights for managers and serves as interesting triggers for further research.
Multi-scale defect features, blurred edges and inability to locate geometric features have been the three key factors limiting the detection of surface defects on quality control system in the industrial manufacturing process. In this study, a method based on the fusion of multi-scale features and pixel-level semantic segmentation is proposed for the detection of surface defects. The proposed method firstly fuses multi-level feature maps to balance the expressiveness of multi-scale features, then adds a boundary refinement module to enhance the accurate inference of edge fine-grained, and finally adopts an en-decoder architecture to locate geometric features at the pixel-level for each type of defects, realizing intelligent detection of geometric features of end-to-end multi-scale defects on the surface of parts. We conduct experiments using the collected parts datasets to evaluate the effectiveness of our framework. The experimental results show that the proposed model achieves MIoU of 80.1%, the recognition accuracy reaches more than 95 %, and a detection rate of up to 29.64 FPS, demonstrating the advancement and effectiveness of the proposed method with less misclassification and superior generalization performance and has progress and effectiveness in detecting surface defects of multi-scale features. It provides a research idea for the subsequent realization of surface quality inspection in the manufacturing process system.
This study aims to investigate the potential transformation of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Taiwan, China, to meet the United Nations (UN) sustainable development goals (SDGs) by adopting Industry 4.0. Taiwan is performing excellently at the core of Industry 4.0, information technology competence; however, we are curious if the competence required is available and acquainted by SMEs for achieving SDGs. As the consulting staff of the government, we hypothesized that adopting Industry 4.0 would lead to the success of sustainability. The analytical methodology is the model of technology, organization, and environment (TOE). We conducted the questionnaire survey to test if the adoption of Industry 4.0 will guarantee the success of sustainability. A systemic approach is employed to develop and parametrize the final model between adopting Industry 4.0 and sustainability, using structural equation modeling (SEM). Finally, we found a significant gap for Taiwanese SMEs to achieve sustainability via Industry 4.0 because only three hypotheses are supported: organizational resource availability influences Industry 4.0 adoption, investment costs impact sustainability, and external support pushes the adoption of Industry 4.0. We propose some possible solutions for the government to help SMEs reach the achievement of SDGs.
Purpose
Manufacturing industries are facing dynamic challenges in today’s highly competitive world. In the recent past, integrating Industry 4.0 with the lean six sigma improvement methodologies has emerged as a popular approach for organizational excellence. The research aims to explore and analyze critical success factors of lean six sigma integrated Industry 4.0 (LSSI).
Design/methodology/approach
This research study explores and analyzes the critical success factors (CSFs) of LSSI. A three-phase study framework is employed. At first, the CSFs are identified through an extensive literature review and validated through experts’ feedback. Then, in the second phase, the initial list of CSFs is finalized using the fuzzy DELPHI technique. In the third phase, the cause-effect relationship among CFSs is established using the fuzzy DEMATEL technique.
Findings
A dyadic relationship among cause-and-effect category CSFs is established. Under the cause category, top management commitment toward integrating LSSI, systematic methodology for LSSI and organizational culture for adopting changes while adopting LSSI are found to be topmost CSFs. Also, under the effect category, organizational readiness toward LSSI and adaptability and agility are found to be the uppermost CSFs.
Practical implications
The study offers a framework to understand the significant CSFs for LSSI implementation. Insights from the study will help industry managers and practitioners to implement LSSI and achieve organizational excellence.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, CSFs of LSSI are not much explored in the past by researchers. Findings will be of great value for professionals in developing long-term operations strategies.
La modélisation et la mesure de la performance des supply chains (SC) ont été largement abordés par les chercheurs et les entreprises, notamment par des modèles comme SCOR (Supply Chain Operationnal Reference Model). Cependant, même si plusieurs modèles existent, aucun n’est spécifiquement orienté pour le pilotage de la conception et de l’exploitation de la SC. Une Supply Chain internationale, dite globale, est complexe caractérisée par une multitude de partenaires, une diversité de modes de transports, une variété de fonctions, de processus et une profusion de décisions à prendre à tous les niveaux décisionnels stratégique, tactique et opérationnel.Le défi est de prodiguer aux décideurs d’une SC une large visibilité des décisions potentielles et des impératifs pour aboutir à un réseau fiable d’entreprises.La première contribution de cette thèse se veut être un modèle de référence appelé PERFLOG basé sur la méthode GRAI développée au laboratoire IMS. Il s’agit dans ce modèle de mettre en exergue les multiples fonctions de la SC et non uniquement une modélisation limitée à la production. PERFLOG s’articule autour de deux modèles : un modèle décisionnel pour le pilotage de la conception d'une SC appelée GRAILOG-COP et un modèle décisionnel pour le pilotage de l’exploitation de la SC appelée GRAILOG-EXP cohérent avec le pilotage de la conception. Sur la base de ce dernier modèle, un ensemble d’indicateurs de performance a été défini pour supporter les différentes décisions.La seconde contribution revient à définir une méthodologie pour conseiller l’entreprise sur les technologie 4.0 qui seraient les plus pertinentes pour elle. Cette méthodologie s’appuie sur un ensemble de radars de référence élaborés par niveau décisionnel et par fonction à partir des potentiels de ces technologies pour rendre chaque indicateur plus smart. Une étude de cas a été réalisée avec un constructeur automobile PSA Maroc ce qui a permis de valider le modèle PERFLOG.Cette thèse a été réalisée en cotutelle entre l’Université de Bordeaux et l’Université de Fès.
With the rapid rise of new technologies and shorter development cycles, it is now possible to connect things, give them a digital identity and make them speak through data. Wireless sensors are able to capture and process large amounts of data in urban and industrial environments. Following the growing paradigm of the Internet of Things, many organizations are striving to derive valuable information from this pool of data and to build knowledge for their strategic action. They have started to adapt their business models or develop new ones in order to exploit the strategic business potential that lies in these data,in order to create value for themselves and stakeholders. Nevertheless, the performance promise of many deployed technologies is not sufficient to generate internal or external monetization effects while maintaining high data security, quality and efficiency. Therefore, technical systems are needed that are equipped for the requirements in data acquisition and processing and enable new ways and types to be created in data exploitation. The concept of monetization plays a central role here. Therefore, this article introduces a technology convergence towards a progressive application system that is able to monetize data while preserving data sovereignty. The progressive application system with its technologies, functions, features and potentials is introduced using an example application in the energy sector.
The paper aims at investigation of the nexus between Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and environmental sustainability in addition to exploring the long-run and short-run effects of Industry 4.0 on CO2 emissions. For this end, energy consumption, internet and communication technology (ICT) exports, research and development (R&D), artificial intelligence (AI)an ICT technology patents and bitcoin are taken as control variables of Industry 4.0 for a panel of 9 countries that contribute to 62% of the total CO2 emissions in the world. For this purpose, the paper follows two approaches. First, the paper proposes utilization of AI and ICT technology patents, technology-related R&Ds and ICT exports as variables of I4.0 in addition to investigating the effects of economic growth, energy consumption and bitcoin. Second, to control structural changes and nonlinearity in the cointegrating relations and existence of degenerate cointegration, Fourier panel bootstrap autoregressive distributed lag model (FPBARDL) is utilized. Afterwards, FPBARDL based long, short and strong causality analyses are conducted. The empirical findings revealed positive impacts of all I4.0-related variables on emissions in the long-run. Though I4.0 related AI and ICT innovation has no direct effect in the short-run, its effects are determined through increased energy consumption towards emissions. The strong positive effects of energy consumption and positive effects of economic growth, ICT exports and R&D are observed both in the short and long-run. In addition to positive impacts of I4.0 on environment, the findings favor insufficiency of policies focusing on lowering emissions in I4.0 context.Policy recommendations include strong commitment to energy efficiency and renewable energies and trade policies with environmental concerns.
span>Digitization in human resource management can help companies modernize HR functions and give them a competitive advantage. At the same time, changing work styles and changing HR needs are necessary. The researcher aims to find out how to apply competency-based human resource management in the digital era. Researchers also explore the current key benefits and risks, and analyze their impact on the competence and role of HR Professionals. The qualitative research includes the analysis of secondary data describing the level of existing digital skills based on the reactions of more than 7,000 respondents from six EU member countries (Germany, Finland, UK, Portugal, Sweden and Slovakia). The results obtained indicate that the application of HR professionalism tends to be reluctant to adopt technology. The results also confirm the importance of digitization for human resources and the demand for digital skills in recent years</span
The degree of digitalization and potential of growth in this sector are the new criteria that split the countries into various groups. The aim of this research is to find an easier and faster method of assessing the level of digitalization for countries, over different periods, having a sample 10 countries from Central and Eastern Europe. The research compares and groups these countries, determining the impact of four additional variables on their digitalization level. There were combined multiple analyses including comparative, cluster and panel analysis. As a result, we defined a new standardized indicator, named Digi-Index, which can be adapted for various time ranges, countries or study groups. Academic researchers or business practitioners can use the Digi-Index, the clusters and their characteristics to build development plans for the digital sector, based on each country's conditions, potential and influence factors.
The industrial landscape changes at a tremendous pace. With new industrial technologies as well as new ways of interacting with technical systems, the work of humans in industry is transformed. This article should outline the current development of human-technology interaction in the context of Industry 4.0. It outlines the recent technical developments toward Industry 4.0 and the technical and societal trends that play a role for the new industrial revolution. Finally, it derives research trends and challenges and gives an outline of the research topics addressed in this collection.
En geniş anlamıyla üretimin bilgisi şeklinde tanımlayabileceğimiz teknoloji, günümüzde toplumsal yaşamın önemli bir bileşeni durumundadır. Teknoloji ile toplum arasında yakın ve karmaşık bir bağ bulunmaktadır. Ancak toplumun her kesiminin teknolojiye erişim olanakları eşit düzeyde değildir, bu anlamda teknolojinin tarafsızlığından söz edilemez. Gücü elinde bulunduran egemen toplumsal sınıflar, teknolojiyi diğer toplumsal sınıflar üzerinde tahakküm aracı olarak kullanılabilmektedir. Nitekim kapitalist toplumda da benzeri bir durum söz konusudur. Kapitalist sınıf, sermaye birikimini sağlamak ve güvence altına almak için teknolojiyi endüstriyel devrimler örneğinde görüldüğü gibi etkin biçimde kullanmıştır. 1970'li yıllardan itibaren özellikle enformasyon ve iletişim teknolojilerinde yaşanan gelişmeler de bu eksende değerlendirilmelidir. Bu dönemde yaşanan sermaye birikim krizinin çözümü olarak devreye sokulan esnek birikim modelinin kilit unsurlarından birini enformasyon ve iletişim teknolojileri oluşturmuştur. Enformasyon ve iletişim teknolojilerinin sunduğu olanaklarla üretim dijitalleşmeye başlamış, sermaye üretim alanında mekân ve zamanın sınırlılıklarını aşma olanağı elde etmiştir. Kapitalizm dijitalleşmeye ve bunun sonucunda yeni bir emek formu olan dijital emek ortaya çıkmaya başlamıştır. Henüz oluş aşamasındaki Endüstri 4.0 ile bu dijitalleşme sürecinin daha da hız kazanacağı, bunun sonucunda dijital emek formunda yer alan emekçilerin sayısının daha da artacağı öngörülmektedir. Benzer bir tahmin Türkiye'deki dijital emek için de yapılabilir. Çalışmamız dijital emeği, teknoloji, toplum ve sermaye ilişkileri açısından analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
In a volatile environment with huge opportunities for implementing digital technologies the concept of customer loyalty needs further exploration. This paper examines the effects of strategic management of digital technologies on the effectiveness of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) and customer loyalty in the B2B sharing economy context. We draw from research on digital adoption and eWOM alongside the theory of planned behavior (TBP) to develop a dedicated model that encompasses novel constructs depicting strategic management of digital technologies, eWOM, and customer loyalty. We test our model using a unique data set comprising information on customers' digital adoption status, eWOM usage, and repurchasing behavior. Our study reveals interesting and innovative findings demonstrating how adopting digital technologies decreases customer loyalty in the B2B sharing platform. The results of this study further explain this outcome by the decrease in the eWoM value that directs the repurchasing behavior of customer firm's representatives. Building on these outcomes, managerial implications are provided for strategic management of digital technologies to maximize the trust in eWOM and enhance value for B2B customers.
Society 5.0 paradigm is at the core of recent research debates. Studies discuss the technological perspective and industrial practices. It embraces a huge need for a redesign to the traditional business into smart manners. It focuses on people, with the aid of digital technologies, who can involve a diverse lifestyle and aim for happiness in different means. The world became more and more digital. The changes are not in technological domain, human and society are changing too. However, the discussion about the consumer's point of view in this smart life is still emergent. As commonly known, to realize a positive effect on key performance indicators, business approaches should not be limited to strictly technical aspects but should instead put the aim on determinants of consumer behavior. This research fills this gap. It designs a new concept in this framework in which the importance of knowledge is not determined exclusively by competitiveness and productivity, but by taking into account the consumer’ demand. It uses a quantitative analysis in context of traditional products. The contributions aim to highlight synergies between technology, sociocultural, and economic systems.
The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic led to restrictions in production worldwide. Numerous firms were affected and unable to keep up production due to lockdowns. In disruptive events like this, the resilience of the production system is of central importance, as the survivability of the entire firm depends on it. In this context, the literature argues that cutting-edge technologies, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), raise the proactive and reactive capabilities of firms, enabling them to better resist and recover from disruptive events and thus, show a higher resilience. This paper takes up this topic and observes the Covid-19 pandemic with the aim to analyse whether a firm's AI-readiness had an impact on its production resilience during the spring 2020 lockdown in Germany. For this purpose, we combine two large-scale surveys containing data from 237 manufacturers in Germany and test hypotheses based on quantitative analyses. Our results show that firms could indeed benefit from AI-enabled production during the lockdown. However, it is also clear that manufacturers have to exceed a certain AI threshold to significantly increase their resilient capabilities and realise positive effects. Our findings not only hold implications for research, but also provide recommendations for the resilience management of manufacturers.
La creazione di valore aziendale non può più prescindere dalla sostenibilità e dalla responsabilità sociale. Il Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza (PNRR) va in questa direzione con le sue specifiche direttrici: digitalizzazione e innovazione, transizione ecologica, e inclusione sociale. Per l’Italia rappresenta un’opportunità di sviluppo, di investimenti e riforme verso un percorso di crescita economica sostenibile. La discussione verte principalmente sulle grandi aziende e l’attenzione ricade sulle loro scelte green che condizioneranno il sistema economico e condizioneranno tutte le PMI della catena di approvvigionamento. Questa ricerca si inserisce nell’attuale dibattito sul ruolo delle PMI nella rendicontazione sociale e ambientale, osservando quali difficoltà riscontrano nell’attuare una politica sostenibile.
The digital transformation of work has long since arrived in our everyday lives. The crisis-driven digital transformation through COVID-19 undoubtedly accelerated many things and acted as a burning glass for processes that had not yet been digitally transformed. This dissertation is dedicated to the fundamental digital transformation of work and, with a total of fifteen research studies, to the framework of the crisis-driven digital transformation of work, among others. With reference to the framework concepts of "Transformation Governance", "Digital Leadership" and "Future Technology Management", approaches are identified on how to close the theoretical and practical gap regarding the digital transformation of work.
Organizational, individual, and technical approaches are identified as prerequisites for the successful digital transformation of work. The findings will enable future research to investigate current and emerging phenomena, such as issues of collaboration in virtual realities and fostering cohesion in purely virtual teams. Methodologically, established approaches such as interviews, case studies, surveys, experimental and mixed methods approaches are combined. Therefore, the dissertation can provide a starting point for discussion, but also for further research in the field of business informatics and in other disciplines. Furthermore, this work provides valuable insights and recommendations for action for experts, especially in SMEs, who want to face the digital transformation.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a conceptual frame for scholars who draws on the conflicting logics of the postpandemic university.
Design/methodology/approach
This feature paper is based on a systematic review of research and studies conducted in the field of higher education. It illustrates broader trends with respect to how the various elements of contemporary and conflicting challenges present themselves within higher education institutions (HEIs).
Findings
A combination of literature review and fieldwork across a broad range of scientific fields presents a potentially powerful means of reducing the gap between research and practice. For this reason, this paper sets out to provide conceptual perspectives as to contemporary and conflicting challenges in higher education.
Research limitations/implications
This paper presents many descriptive results from HEIs in the western world which do not allow for making global inferences toward the entire higher education sector.
Practical implications
The results have a number of implications for the postpandemic university. Among them are that HEIs should not only be more open toward contemporary changes but also embrace previously excluded student populations with their purpose-driven and sustainable orientation toward life.
Originality/value
This paper presents a conceptual contribution to contemporary challenges in higher education as a way of refraining from one-size-fits-all approaches. It demonstrates how institutional positioning and profiling depend on conflicting logics. Consequently, each institution of higher learning needs to address these challenges in line with their strategic, economic and political settings.
Abstract: The fourth industrial revolution, fueled by automation and digital technology advancements , enables us to manage manufacturing systems effectively. Its deployment in enterprises has now become increasingly important in developed and emerging economies. Many experts believe that barriers associated with Industry 4.0 implementation are critical to its success. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the major hurdles to Industry 4.0 adoption and reveal their interrelationships. Initially, the literature was thoroughly studied to determine the sixteen barriers impeding I4.0 adoption. Then, based on experts' opinions, an integrated fuzzy-DEMATEL approach was utilized to examine the most significant challenges to I4.0 deployment. The results demonstrated the distribution of barriers in which the economic dimension played a decisive role, affecting technological, regulatory, and organizational dimensions. As observed in the barrier mapping, the lack of qualified workforce was a typical adoption barrier. Finally, the mitigation strategies developed would help managers to overcome the identified critical obstacles.
This study aims to study the evolution of self-regulation skills when
adopting B-learning schemes among undergraduate students, using a sample of 68
students who use a blended learning strategy. This study was designed as a longi-
tudinal study to grasp the evolution of self-regulation skills among learners over a
one year of adopting blended learning classes. Repeated measures ANOVA design
has been used to analyze the longitudinal data over three waves survey. Repeated
measure ANOVA was used to test the change of the groups’ mean over time. The
data of the study has been collected through three waves from the undergraduate
students. The three waves of data collection were spaced four months apart. The
study found that help-seeking and self-evolution have evolved significantly while
the environment structuring, goal setting, time management, or task strategies skills
didn’t evolve significantly. The study has come up with practical recommendations
of how to improve the interaction between learners and the blended learning scheme.
Der rasche Fortschritt der Informationstechnik ermöglicht, in Kombination mit der Mikrosystemtechnik, immer leistungsfähigere softwareintensive eingebettete Systeme und integrierte Anwendungen. Zunehmend werden diese untereinander, aber auch mit Daten und Diensten im Internet vernetzt. So entstehen intelligente Lösungen, die mithilfe von Sensoren und Aktoren Prozesse der physikalischen Welt erfassen, sie mit der virtuellen Softwarewelt verbinden und in Interaktion mit den Menschen überwachen und steuern.
Auf diese Weise entstehen sogenannte Cyber-Physical Systems, Die agendaCPS gibt einen umfassenden Überblick über das Phänomen der Cyber-Physical Systems und die damit verbundenen vielfältigen Herausforderungen. Sie illustriert, welchen Stellenwert das Thema für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft hat: Revolutionäre Anwendungen von Cyber-Physical Systems adressieren technische und gesellschaftliche Trends und Bedürfnisse; gleichzeitig durchdringen und verknüpfen sie immer mehr Lebensbereiche. Zu den Anwendungen zählen erweiterte Mobilität, intelligente Städte, integrierte telemedizinische Versorgung, Sicherheit sowie vernetzte Produktion und Energiewandel.
Die agendaCPS zeigt auf, welche Technologien die Grundlage von Cyber-Physical Systems bilden und welches Innovationspotenzial ihnen innewohnt. Zudem macht sie deutlich, welche Forschungs- und Handlungsfelder besonders wichtig sind. Anhand von Zukunftsszenarien werden wesentliche Anwendungsdomänen dargestellt, allen voran integrierte Mobilität, Telemedizin und intelligente Energieversorgung. In diesen Zusammenhängen werden Chancen, aber auch Risiken für Deutschland durch Cyber-Physical Systems deutlich.
Heute sind es Computer und Handys, die miteinander vernetzt sind und den Informationszugriff immer und überall ermöglichen. Schon bald aber lassen sich kleinste, billige und über Funk miteinander kommunizierende Prozessoren und Sensoren in fast beliebige Dinge einbauen. "Smarte" Alltagsgegenstände können dann ihre Umgebung erfassen, haben Zugriff auf beliebige Ressourcen im Internet und wissen, wo sie sind und wer in der Nähe ist. Wie aber leben wir in einer solchen total informatisierten und vernetzten Welt? In diesem Buch kommen Wissenschaftler zu Wort, die auf dem Gebiet des ubiquitous computing arbeiten. Sie erläutern das Potential der allumfassenden Informatisierung und diskutieren mögliche Anwendungen und Auswirkungen.
Das Internet ist eine der bedeutendsten technologischen Errungenschaften der Geschichte. Es erlaubt Menschen in aller Welt Zugang zu umfassenden Informationen, unterstützt die weltweite Kommunikation und Vernetzung und fungiert als globaler Marktplatz. Dabei bieten die vielfältigen Angebote im Internet jedoch nicht nur Chancen; sie werfen auch Fragen des Datenschutzes, der Persönlichkeitsentfaltung und der Privatsphäre auf. Dieses Phänomen wird gemeinhin als das Privatheitsparadoxon bezeichnet.
Aufgrund der großen Bedeutung von Privatheit im Internet hat acatech 2011 ein Projekt initiiert, das sich mit dem Privatheitsparadoxon wissenschaftlich auseinandersetzt. Dieser Band ist der erste Teil einer acatech STUDIE zum Projekt „Internet Privacy – Eine Kultur der Privatsphäre und des Vertrauens im Internet“. Die Autoren leisten eine Bestandsaufnahme der existierenden individuellen und gesellschaftlichen Vorstellungen von Privatsphäre im Internet sowie der entsprechenden rechtlichen, technischen, ökonomischen und ethischen Rahmenbedingungen.
The development of the Internet is one of the most significant technological advances in history. It allows people around the world access to comprehensive information, supports worldwide communication and interaction and functions as a global marketplace. While users appreciate the services offered by the internet, they are also worried about their privacy.
This is sometimes referred to as the privacy paradox of the Internet. In 2011 acatech launched a project that is developing recommendations for the creation of a culture of privacy and trust that will be able to resolve this paradox. This multidisciplinary analysis presents the desires and fears of users and society regarding Internet privacy as well as these sentiments’ ethical, economic, technical and legal frameworks. This publication is the first of two volumes, revealing the findings of the project “Internet Privacy – A Culture of Privacy and Trust on the Internet”.
Leistungsfähige Straßen und Schienenwege sind die Lebensadern von Mobilität und Logistik. Angesichts steigender Belastungen der öffentlichen Haushalte gestaltet sich der Erhalt und Ausbau der Verkehrsinfrastruktur jedoch zunehmend schwierig. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat acatech in „Mobilität 2020“ bereits 2006 Aussagen zur Verkehrsentwicklung in Deutschland gemacht und Vorschläge zur bedarfsorientierten Infrastrukturförderung unterbreitet. Die vorliegende Studie stellt eine Überprüfung und Aktualisierung dieser Ergebnisse dar. Sie zeigt, dass sich der Trend des regional unterschiedlichen Verkehrswachstums fortsetzt. Insbesondere Ballungsräume des so genannten C-Bereichs sind daher auf nachhaltige Mobilitätskonzepte angewiesen, während die ländlichen Regionen etwa in Nordostdeutschland rückläufige Tendenzen aufweisen. Die Studie zeigt zudem Wege auf, wie integrierte Mobilitätslösungen zur Lösung globaler Herausforderungen beitragen können.
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Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag diskutiert die Vision, die informationstechnischen Grundlagen und Herausforderungen sowie die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten
eines ,,Internet der Dinge“. Ferner wird auf informatikbezogene Aspekte wie RFID und die Realisierung von IP-Stacks und Webservern
für smarte Alltagsgegenstände eingegangen. In einem Ausblick werden auch einige gesellschaftliche und politische Fragen angesprochen,
die mit einem Internet der Dinge auf uns zukommen.
Futurue energy grid. Migration paths into the Internet of energy. acatech STUDY
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