Article

Determination of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) alkaloids in kratom cocktail using anti-mitragynine monoclonal antibody-based ELISA

November 2015
Planta Medica 81(16)

DOI:10.1055/s-0035-1565838

Authors:

Supattra Lim

Prince of Songkla University

Waraporn Putalun

Khon Kaen University

Hanako Hana Tanaka

Doshisha University

Juraithip Wungsintaweekul

Prince of Songkla University

ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.

ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.

Article

The Trouble With Kratom: Analytical and Interpretative Issues Involving Mitragynine

August 2019 · Journal of Analytical Toxicology

Mitragynine is the primary active alkaloid in the leaves of the tropical tree Mitragyna speciosa, and goes by the popular names "Kratom", biak-biak and maeng da. Mitragynine is increasingly seen in forensic toxicology casework including driving under the influence of drugs and medicolegal death investigation cases. The toxicity of mitragynine continues to be debated in the scientific community as ... [Show full abstract] advocates highlight its long history of use in Southeast Asia and testimonials to its benefits by present-day users, while opponents point to an increasing number of adverse events tied to mitragynine use in Western societies. Quantitative reports of mitragynine in biological specimens from forensic investigations in the literature are sparse and may be influenced by poor analyte stability and inadequate resolution of mitragynine from its diastereomers, which could lead to falsely elevated concentrations and subsequently render those reported concentrations inappropriate for comparison to a reference range. Over the course of 27 months, 1,001 blood specimens submitted to our laboratory tested positive for mitragynine using a sensitive and specific quantitative LC-MS/MS method; concentrations ranged from 5.6-29,000 ng/mL, with mean and median concentrations of 410 ± 1,124 and 130 ng/mL, respectively. Mitragynine presents an analytical challenge that requires a method that appropriately separates and identifies mitragynine itself from its isomers and other related natural products. We describe a validated analytical method and present a short series of case reports that provide examples of apparent adverse events, and the associated range of mitragynine concentrations. This type of analytical specificity is required to appropriately interpret mitragynine concentrations detected in biological specimens from forensic casework and assess its potential toxicity.

Article

Isolation of speciogynine from the leaves of Mitragyna inermis (Willd.), O. Kuntze

August 1971 · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

Chapter

Chemistry of Mitragyna Alkaloids

November 2014

Chapter

Chapter 5 Alkaloids Of Mitragyna and Ourouparia Species

December 1965

J.E. Saxton

This chapter discusses the occurrence of alkaloids of Mitragyna and Ourouparia species. It was suspected that the “base line” alkaloid might be identical with mitraversine, isolated much earlier by Field from the same source; however, a reexamination of mitraversine by thin-layer chromatography revealed the presence of four constituents, none of which was identical with the “base line” alkaloid. ... [Show full abstract] It would thus appear that the “base line” alkaloid is a hitherto undescribed alkaloid of Mitragyna species. In the Ouroupria series, extractions of O.gambir Baillon have confirmed the presence of the two alkaloids, gambirine and ourouparine. Ourouparine, isolated as its sulfate was shown to be demethoxyalstoniline by reduction to the racemic hexaliydrobenz(g)indolo(2,3a)quinolizine, and comparison of the latter with dextrorotatory material prepared from deserpideine. The alkaloids present in the Gambir tannin have been the subject of a comprehensive investigation that has been reported in detail. In contrast with the basic constituents of the Gambir tannin, the leaves of U. gambier contain a hitherto unknown alkaloid, gambirine. It is not known whether this is identical with Raymond–Hamet's gambirine, about which nothing is known, apart from some color reactions and its pharmacological behavior.

Article

Full-text available

The effects on motor behaviour and short-term memory tasks in mice following an acute administration...

October 2011 · Journal of Medicinal Plants Research

Mitragyna speciosa Korth. leaves have been traditionally used by Malay and Thai natives for its opium-like effect and coca-like stimulant ability to enhance tolerance for hard work. Mitragynine is the major indole alkaloid in this plant. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the alkaloid extract of M. speciosa leaves and its major alkaloid mitragynine on exploratory behaviour, ... [Show full abstract] short-term memory and motor coordination in mice using Y-maze and rota-rod tests, respectively. Male Swiss albino mice were orally administrated with 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg alkaloid extract of M. speciosa leaves or mitragynine. Acute oral administration of the alkaloid extract or mitragynine significantly increased the total number of arm entries, rearing frequency and decreased grooming and immobility time in Y-maze test when compared to control group (P<0.05). However, the alkaloid extract or mitragynine did not affect short-term memory or motor coordination. These findings suggest that acute administration of M. speciosa alkaloid extract or mitragynine may enhance exploratory behaviour due to the decrease in stress to a novel environment.

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Article

The distribution of alkaloids in Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth in young plants grown from Ceylo...

January 1972 · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

Article

ChemInform Abstract: New Indole Alkaloids from the Leaves of Malaysian Mitragyna speciosa

October 2010 · ChemInform

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Article

ChemInform Abstract: Structure Revision of Mitragynaline, an Indole Alkaloid in Mitragyna speciosa

May 2010 · ChemInform

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Article

[Study on the chemical constituents of Mitragyna rotundifolia]

July 2006 · Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials

Twelve compounds were isolated from the EtOAc-soluble and ButOH-soluble portions of the EtOH extract from the bark of Mitragyna rotundifolia. These compounds were identified by their spectral data as dauricine (1), 3,4-dihydroxybezoic acid (2), beta-sitosterol (3), scopleton (4),3,4,5-trimethyoxyphenol-1-glucopyranoside (5), taraxerol (6), 4-hydroxy-3-methyloxybenzoic acid (7), ... [Show full abstract] 3-hydroxy-4-methyloxybenzoic acid (8), caffeic acid (9), gambirine (10), gambireine (11),1,1-dimetheyl-2-acetl-diethyl ether (12), respectively. All compounds were isolated from this genus for the first time.

Article

[The alkaloids of Mitragyna speciosa Korthals]

July 1950 · Annales Pharmaceutiques Françaises

RAYMOND-HAMET

Article

The Mitragyna species of Asia. X. The alkaloids of the leabes of Mitragyna hirsuta Havil

December 1967 · Planta Medica

Article

N-Oxides of the oxindole alkaloids, isorhynchophylline, rhynchophylline, rhynchociline and ciliaphyl...

August 1973 · Phytochemistry

The N-oxides of isorhynchophylline, rhynchophylline, rhynchociline and ciliaphylline were prepared, for comparison with a new alkaloid from Mitragyna tubulosa.

Last Updated: 22 Oct 2024

Determination of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) alkaloids in kratom cocktail using anti-mitragynine monoclonal antibody-based ELISA

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