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232
Accepted by M. Pellinen: 13 Oct. 2015; published: 25 Nov. 2015
ZOOTAXA
ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)
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Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4048.2.5
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D00430CF-A1D7-4B71-B230-35FC80D3AE71
On the taxonomy of the genera Proneca Swinhoe, 1890, Ctenane Swinhoe, 1905
and Selca Walker, 1866 (Lepidoptera, Nolidae, Nolinae), with the description of
two new species from Sumatra
GYULA M. LÁSZLÓ
1,4
, GÁBOR RONKAY
2
& LÁSZLÓ RONKAY
3
1
Fadrusz u. 25, H-1114 Budapest, Hungary.
2
Heterocera Press Ltd., Szt. István krt. 4, H-1137 Budapest, Hungary.
3
Hungarian Natural History Museum, Department of Zoology, Baross u. 13, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary.
4
Corresponding author. E-mail: gyula.m.laszlo@gmail.com
Abstract
Present paper contains the characterisation of the genera Proneca Swinhoe, 1890, Ctenane Swinhoe, 1905, and Selca
Walker, 1866, and their species, with the description of two new species, Proneca brunneostriata sp. n. and Ctenane
michaeli sp. n., from Sumatra. Two new combinations and a new synonymy are established. With 32 colour photos and
24 genitalia figures.
Key words: Proneca, Ctenane, Selca, Nolini, Nolidae, new species, Sumatra
Introduction
The exploration of the Old World Nolini fauna has been remarkably intensified in the last three decades, producing
an unexpected increase in the species numbers and the recognised distribution of the taxa as well (László et al
2014). The rapidly extending knowledge provided the base for the first large revisional works published before and
after the millennium (e.g. Holloway 2003; Hacker et al. 2012; the publications of the authors and Thomas Witt,
László, Ronkay & Witt 2004, 2007, and 2010, László, Ronkay & Ronkay 2013a–d, 2014a–f, and 2015, etc.). These
studies induced the clarification of the phylogenetic connections of the main trunks of the Nolini and defined a
number of these large clades as distinct genera.
Present paper contains the taxonomic analysis of three poorly known, “historical” genera of the Nola-
Meganola clade, clarifying their taxonomic content and the proper distribution of the taxa belonging to Proneca
Swinhoe, 1890, Ctenane Swinhoe, 1905, and Selca Walker, 1866.
Abbreviations
BM—number of genital slide of BMNH
BMNH—British Museum of Natural History, London
LGN—number of genital slide made by Gy.M. László
MWM—Museum Witt, Munich
RMNH—Royal Museum of Natural History (Naturalis Biodiversity Center), Leiden
SMNK—State Museum of Natural History, Karlsruhe
W—Number of genital slide of Museum Witt
ZMUC—Zoological Museum of the University, Copenhagen
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TAXONOMY OF PRONECA, CTENANE AND SELCA
Taxonomic Part
1. The genus Proneca Swinhoe, 1890
Proneca Swinhoe, 1890, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1890: 193. Type-species: Proneca fola Swinhoe,
1890, by monotypy.
Characterization of the genus. Proneca is one of the early recognised, unique genera of the Nolini. It comprises
two species having very characteristic red-brown forewings with prominent straight, longitudinal yellowish stripe
running across the whole upper half of forewing and elongate, pale brown tornal area. Another group apomorphy
of the genus is the bipectinate antenna of both sexes; last but not least, both Proneca species have rather long and
more or less straight, porrect and apically acute labial palps which provide them a slight hypenine look.
The diagnostic features of the male genitalia of Proneca are as follows: uncus relatively long, tapering,
tegumen rather short, harpe covered by finer or stronger, pointed spinules or teeth and terminated in acute spine.
Aedeagus short, thin and strongly curved, lacking apical carinal process and the vesica is unarmed.
The typical characters of the female genitalia are the conspicuously long and strongly sclerotized eighth
segment, the rather narrow, V-shaped ostium bursae, the fully membranous ductus bursae and the single, very long,
needle-like signum bursae.
The pectinate antenna of the female is a curious character in the tribe Nolini which is present only in the genera
Proneca and Dialithoptera Hampson, 1900. Interestingly, this latter genus contains also two, partly sympatrically
distributed species, but their other morphological characteristics are very different from those of Proneca. It is
worth to note that in Proneca only the females of P. fola have pectinate antenna (in P. brunneostriata the females
have filiform antennae) while in Dialithoptera both species possess this character.
The long and porrect, “hypenoid” labial palps and the brownish forewing colouration make certain
resemblance of Proneca with Meganola brunellus (Hampson, 1893) (the synonymic name of the latter species, M.
pseudohypena Inoue, 1982, reflects this feature), but the details of the wing pattern, the filiform female antenna and
the regular Meganola-type genitalia structures give an easy distinction.
Further two Meganola s. l. species, M. (s.l.) lesarbena László, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2014 (Plate 2, fig. 6) and M.
(s.l.) tomkovichi László, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2014 (Plate 2, figs 7–8) have similar brownish colouration and
relatively long, porrect palpi with long apical segment, but the ochreous-yellowish subcostal stripe is absent, the
median area is not darkened, the female antenna is filiform and the palpi are shorter than in Proneca. The genitalia
of these Meganola species (gen. figs 10–12) display the basic structures of Meganola and lack all group features of
Proneca (see above).
The only other known Nolini genus all species of which have the rather similar forewing colouration and
pattern is Sarbena Walker, 1862 (Plate 2, figs 1–5). The worn specimens of the two genera are often very similar,
except the length of palpi (which are considerably longer in Proneca) and the female antenna (which is filiform in
Sarbena); therefore the dissection of the problematic specimens is needed for the identification. The genitalia of the
two genera are strongly dissimilar in both sexes (gen. figs 1–6 and 7–9), practically all parts of the copulatory
organs are strikingly different in Proneca and Sarbena.
Proneca fola Swinhoe, 1890
(Plate 1, figs 1–3; gen. figs 1–3)
Proneca fola Swinhoe, 1890, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1890: 193. Type-locality: Burma,
Thyetmyo. Lectotype, female, in coll. BMNH, designated (as type) by Hampson, 1900, Catalogue of the Lepidoptera
Phalaenae in the British Museum 2: 52.
Diagnosis. Proneca fola differs externally from the new species, P. brunneostriata, by its somewhat longer and
narrower forewings, paler brown ground colour, much broader longitudinal stripe and darker hindwings.
Comparing the male genitalia of the two species, the uncus of P. fola is tapered more suddenly in its apical quarter;
the vinculum is longer and apically more rounded; the valvae are remarkably broader; the harpe is an elongate,
apically pointed process covered densely with hair-like spinules; and the aedeagus is shorter and thicker, less
curved than that of its sister species.
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PLATE I. Adults of Proneca species.
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FIGURES 1–3. Genitalia of Proneca fola Swinhoe, 1890
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In the female genitalia, the main distinctive features are the shape of the ostium bursae and the signum. The
ostium bursae of P. fola is semicircular (it is V-shaped in the new species) and the signum is much smaller than in
P. brunneostriata. In addition, the apophyses of P. fola are somewhat slenderer, the eighth segment and the ductus
bursae are shorter, in comparison with those of P. brunneostriata.
Bionomics and Distribution. The re-examination of the formerly published data is required to clarify the
proper distribution of the species. The confirmed records are known from Indochina (Burma, Thailand (Pellinen,
pers. comm.), Laos and Cambodia), the island of Sri Lanka and the north-western part of the Sundaland (Sumatra
and Borneo).
Proneca brunneostriata sp. n.
(Plate 1, figs 4–8; gen. figs 4–6)
Holotype. Male, [Indonesia], Sumatra, Dolok Merangir, “17.IX.–4.VII.1981”, leg. Dr Diehl, slide No.: LGN 505
(W 22312) (coll. MWM).
Paratypes. Singapore. 1 male, „Singapore, H. N. Ridley, 1905-108”, slide No.: BM Noct. 17637 (coll.
BMNH). Indonesia, Sumatra. 1 male, Dolok Merangir, 180 m, IX.1969, leg. Dr. E. Diehl, slide No.: LGN 2191
(coll. SMNK). Indonesia, Java. 1 male, Batavia, 1888, slide No.: LGN 2311; 1 male, Batavia, 1880; 2 females,
Depok, 1888, slide No.: LGN 2312; 1 female, Buitenzorg, 1892; 1 female, Harendong, Bogor, 26.V.1905, leg.
Joetjien (coll. RMNH).
Diagnosis. The new species is easily separable externally from its continental twin species, P. fola, by its
somewhat shorter forewings with much darker brown ground colour, considerably narrower straight longitudinal
stripe and paler hindwing.
The genitalia show also striking differences between the two species. In the male genitalia, the new species has
more evenly tapering uncus (that of P. fola is tapered more suddenly in its apical quarter); conspicuously narrower
valva; short, broadly rounded lobe-like harpe covered distally with a row of robust spines (the harpe of P. fola is a
largely elongate, apically pointed process covered densely with hair-like spinules); and much shorter and more
pointed vinculum. The aedeagus of P. brunneostriata is much longer than that of its congener, being considerably
thinner and more strongly curved.
In the female genitalia, the new species has, as compared with those of P. fola, somewhat thicker apophyses,
considerably longer eighth segment, V-shaped ostium bursae, longer ductus bursae and conspicuously larger
needle-like signum bursae.
Bionomics and Distribution. A poorly known species, only two specimens have been collected rather
recently, the other examples of the type-series lack even the period of the year from the labels. These two
specimens were found by Dr Diehl in the vicinity of his hospital in Dolok Merangir, at a low altitude forest area.
All but one of the known specimens was found in Sumatra and Java, a single specimen has been collected in
Singapore more than one hundred years ago.
2. The genus Ctenane Swinhoe, 1905
Ctenane Swinhoe, 1905, Annals and Magazine of Natural History 9(15): 497. Type-species: Agrophila labuana Swinhoe,
1904, by original designation by monotypy.
Characterization of the genus. Ctenane is one of the few historical genera which have been proved to represent
valid genera. Phylogenetically it is very close, to certain species-groups of Meganola s. l. which seem to be better
associated with the genus Nanola László, Ronkay & Witt, 2010; these lineages share the following common
characters: the short, apically pointed uncus, the narrow-elongate valva and the ventro-marginal derivation of
harpe. The main distinctive characters, compared with the above-mentioned groups, are the long, apically dilated
harpe, the presence of a pair of curious (rather sun- or daisy-flower-like) radial sclerotization on the ventral
scaphium, and the rather unique configuration of the female genitalia having extraordinarily long, thin ductus
bursae, sphaerical corpus bursae, and a single, long, finger-like signum. The combination of such characters is
unknown elsewhere in the Meganola generic complex, except the trianguloquelinea–yanquinghui species-pair,
these two species are, therefore, transferred to the genus Ctenane.
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PLATE II. Adults of Sarbena and Meganola species.
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FIGURES 4–6. Genitalia of Proneca brunneostriata sp. n.
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It is worth to note that a somewhat similar sclerotization of the scaphium is present in a few species of the
Meganola s. l., but appearing only as a pair of bundles of rather equally long, fine setae (bristles); otherwise most
Meganola species possess two relatively weakly sclerotized prominences on the scaphium, covered by finer and
more scarce hair-like setae.
The species of the genus represent two clearly distinguishable lineages, the labuana- and the
trianguloquelinea-groups. Both species-groups contain two closely related species which are externally often
hardly separable but the study of the genitalia provides an easy identification.
Distribution. The genus has a relatively large area in the south-eastern part of continental SE Asia and the
western (north-western) part of the Sundaland.
The labuana species-group
Diagnosis. The splitting of Ctenane into species-groups is based on the very characteristic habitus of the two
distinct lineages: the two species belonging to the labuana group have similar external characters expressed by the
pale greyish forewing ground colour, the conspicuous, relatively broad, dark brownish or blackish stripe in the
median area of forewing, and the fine but conspicuous row of blackish dots replacing the postmedial line. The
general configuration of the genitalia of both sexes is very similar in the two species-groups (the labuana and the
trianguloquelinea species-groups), sharing the generic autapomorphies which are mentioned in detail under the
diagnosis of the latter species-group.
The formerly known two species of the lineage are considered here as conspecific due to their identical
genitalia features; a second species is discovered in Sumatra which is described below.
Distribution. The known range of the species-group is the north-western part of the Sundaland (Borneo,
Sumatra and the Philippines)
Ctenane labuana (Swinhoe, 1904)
(Plate 3, figs 1–4; gen. figs 13–16)
Agrophila labuana Swinhoe, 1904, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. 1904: 139. Type-locality:
Borneo, Labuan. Holotype: male, in coll. BMNH.
Synonymy
Ctenane dealbata Wileman & West, 1928, Annals and Magazin of Natural History (10) 2: 221. Type-locality:
Philippines, Luzon, Subprov. Benguet, Klondyke, 800 feet. Holotype: male, in coll. BMNH; syn. n.
Ctenane michaeli sp. n.
(Plate 3, figs 5–8; gen. figs 17–18)
Holotype. Male, Indonesia, North Sumatra, HW 2 [= Holzweg 2]. 28 km S Pematang Siantar, near Tigadoluk, 1050 m,
02º45’52”N, 99º58’20”E, 2.XII.1996, leg. E. Diehl & M. Fibiger, slide No.: LGN 1689 (coll. ZMUC).
Paratypes. Indonesia, Sumatra: 1 male, Dolok Merangir, 12.III.1981, leg. Dr. Diehl, slide No.: LGN 2128; 1 male, Prapat, HW
2, 12.IX.1985, leg. Dr. Diehl, slide No.: LGN 2127 (coll. G. Ronkay); 1 male, Bivouac One, Mt. Bandahara, 3º43’N,
97º41’E, 25.VI.–5.VII.1972, ca. 810 m, no. 23, leg. J. Krikken, slide No.: LGN 2040 (coll. SMNK); 2 males, same data
(coll. RMNH).
Diagnosis. Ctenane michaeli resembles externally C. labuana but is generally somewhat larger in size (wingspan
of C. michaeli is 17–18 mm, that of C. labuana is 13–18 mm), having more greyish forewing ground colour with
considerably paler and narrower median fascia and less sharply defined dotted row of postmedial line compared to
those of the two related species. In the male genitalia, the new species has conspicuously shorter apically rounded
uncus; much longer and narrower tegumen, considerably broader valva with parallel margins; somewhat longer
and much narrower, more acute harpe; shorter and rounded vinculum. The uncus is longer, apically pointed in C.
labuana; the valva is medially tapered, and the vinculum is pointed in the related species. In addition, C. michaeli
has somewhat shorter, apically more wrinkled aedeagus than those of the related species. Female unknown.
Distribution. The species is known only from Sumatra.
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PLATE III. Adults of Ctenane species.
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FIGURES 7–9. Genitalia of Sarbena species.
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The trianguloquelinea species-group
Diagnosis. Externally very characteristic species with whitish forewings ornamented with conspicuous blackish,
evenly arcuate postmedial line. The two species are externally confusingly similar, the proper identification
requires the study of the genitalia which show easily recognisable specific differences in both sexes.
The diagnostic features in the male genitalia are the narrow, medially tapered valva, the bifid or dentate harpe
arising on the ventral margin of valva, being rather remote from the valval base, and the long, straight apical carinal
process. The members of this species-group have small, fine scobinate section in the vesica; this is the only
differential genital character between the two species-groups of Ctenane as the species of the labuana group lack
this scobination.
In the female genitalia, the typical character is the single, long, finger-like process of signum bursae.
Distribution. The range of this species-group is partly overlapping with that of the labuana-group in the
Sundaland, but it is considerably larger, extending also to the continental SE Asia (Indochina, SE China and
Taiwan).
Ctenane trianguloquelinea (van Eecke, 1920) comb. n.
(Plate 4, figs 3–5; gen. figs 21–22)
Roeselia trianguloquelinea van Eecke, 1920, Zoologische Mededeelingen Leiden 5: 123, fig. 11. Type-locality: [Indonesia]
Java, Bajor. Holotype: female, in coll. RMNH.
Distribution. Confirmed records of the species are known from the large islands of the Sundaland (Sumatra,
Borneo, and Java) and from northern Thailand.
Ctenane yanquinghui (László, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2014) comb. n.
(Plate 4, figs 1–2; gen. figs 19–20)
Meganola yanquinghui László, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2014, Fibigeriana Supplement 2: 32, pl. 6, figs 1–2; gen. figs 1–2. Type-
locality: Taiwan, Nantou County, Puli. Holotype: male, in coll. MWM.
Distribution. The species is known from Indochina (Laos, Cambodia), the Fujian area of China (Wuyishan) and
from Taiwan.
3. The genus Selca Walker, 1866
Selca Walker, 1866, List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum (34): 1218. Type-
species: Selca latifascialis Walker, 1866, by subsequent designation by Hampson, 1900, Catalogue of the Lepidoptera
Phalaenae in the British Museum 2: 31.
Taxonomic notes. The genitalia of the very old type specimen has been strongly damaged, probably by a pest, thus
the genital morphology of the primary type cannot be studied. At the same time, the unique external appearance of
the species was eligible to identify recently collected specimens, and Holloway (2003) has approved Selca as a
valid genus. We agree with the statement of Holloway, considering the unique configuration of the male genitalia
(dissections were made on specimens collected during the last decades) as a firm base for the separation of this
lineage at generic level.
Some of the characteristic male genitalia features are found—in a different configuration—scattered in
Meganola s. l., Suerkenola László, Ronkay & Witt, 2010 and Leuconola László, Ronkay & Witt, 2010. A bilobate
harpe is present in Suerkenola, the two Leuconola species and in the nitidoides Holloway, 2003–simulata László,
Ronkay & Witt, 2010 species-pair of Meganola. The large basal (costal) valval lobe is similar to that of Suerkenola
longiventris (Poujade, 1886), while the very long and thin aedeagus appears in certain Meganola species-groups
but the distal (carinal) end is different in the two genera.
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PLATE IV. Adults of Ctenane and Selca species.
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FIGURES 10–12. Genitalia of Meganola species.
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FIGURES 13–15. Male genitalia of Ctenane labuana (Swinhoe, 1904).
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FIGURES 16–18. Genitalia of Ctenane species.
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FIGURES 19–21. Genitalia of Ctenane species.
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FIGURES 22–24. Genitalia of Ctenane and Selca species.
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Characterization of the genus. The external appearance of the species matches well with the Meganola s.l.
habitus, their separation at generic level is supported by the configuration of the male genitalia. In Selca, the uncus
is very strong, having stem-like basal section and an apically pointed, sprout-like head; the tegumen is
conspicuously short but rather broad; the valva is relatively short, medially tapered, the valval plate is armed by a
rather complex lobe-system (see the figs 23–24) being unique in the whole tribe; the vinculum is very long and
narrow; the aedeagus is very long and thin, slightly arched, apically with fine, but conspicuous dentation. The
female is yet unknown.
Selca latifascialis (Walker, 1866)
(Plate 4, figs 6–8; gen. figs 23–24)
Selca latifascialis Walker, 1866, List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum (34):
1219. Type-locality: Borneo, Sarawak. Holotype: male, in coll. UM Oxford.
Type material examined. Holotype male, Malaysia, Borneo, Sarawak (coll. UM Oxford).
Additional material examined. Indonesia, Sumatra: 2 males, Huta Padang (Asahan), River Silau, 48 km SE
P. Siantar, near Sialangoman, 220 m, 13.II.2002, leg. M. Fibiger & K. Larsen, slide Nos: LGN 1650, LGN 2074
(coll. ZMUC); 1 male, Dairi, 1000 m, 25.XII.1980, leg. Dr. Diehl, slide No.: LGN 2136; 1 male, Nias, 10 km E
Idano Gavo, 26.VII.1979, leg. Diehl & Schintlmeister, slide No.: LGN 2152 (coll. G. Ronkay).
Distribution. The confirmed records of the species are known from Borneo and Sumatra.
Acknowledgements
The authors are indebted to Mr Thomas Witt J. (MWM, Munich) for initiating the revisional project of Nolinae and
providing the opportunity to study the large Nolinae material of Museum Witt. Our sincere thanks for Mr Martin
Honey and Mr Geoff Martin for their kind help and assistance during our visits in the Natural History Museum,
London and for the opportunity of checking type materials and for loaning Nolinae specimens for further
investigations; to Dr Erik van Nieukerken and Mr Rob de Vos for their kind help provided during our studies in the
Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden. We are also grateful to Dr Ole Karsholt (ZMUC, Copenhagen) and Dr
Robert Trusch (SMNK, Karlsruhe) for the opportunity of checking type materials and the kind loan of Nolinae
materials of their institutions. Last but not least, our special thanks to Dr Martin Lödl and Dr Sabine Gaal-Haszler
(NHM, Vienna) for the technical help provided during the microphotography of the genitalia slides.
This research received support from the SYNTHESYS Project http://www.synthesys.info/ which is financed
by European Community Research Infrastructure Action under FP6 „Structuring the European Research Area”
Programme, Nos GB-TAF-5432 and NL-TAF-4023 (Gy.M. László), GB-TAF-2644 (G. Ronkay).
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