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The non-marine aquatic Mollusca of Thailand

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... Of many diverse groups of fauna, molluscs are one of many taxa that are abundant and diverse in Thailand because of its habitat diversity, including the extensive ranges of limestone hills and outcrops. The species numbers of molluscs in the country had been increased for years in the course of previous studies such as Brandt (1974), Upatham et al. (1983), and Panha and Burch (2005). However, the actual figures are considerably lower than those many expected due to a handful of experts and a high rate of current extinction (Attaklap and Dumrongrojwattana, 2010). ...
... All specimens were identified to species level based on the morphological criteria (Brandt, 1974;Upatham et al., 1983;Sutcharit and Panha, 2008). Some gastropods, bivalves, and slugs found alive in the field were preserved in 10 % formalin solution after narcotization by menthol for future species identification. ...
... The species of freshwater and land molluscs found in the study area were common species similar to the previous studies (Brandt, 1974;Upatham et al., 1983;Sutcharit and Panha, 2008). Although Kanchanaburi province is rich in mollusc species (Sutcharit and Panha, 2008), the species richness of freshwater molluscs (i.e. 8 species) in the Srinagarind dam area was lower than those of other areas (> 10 species) such as in the Lam Ta Khong Reservoir, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand (Tesana, 2002), Kalasin province, Northeast Thailand (Sri-aroon et al., 2005), and various localities in 11 provinces of Thailand during 1999-2004(Sri-aroon et al., 2007. ...
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Kanchanaburi province harbours many kinds of molluscs due to its geographic location at the center of two zoogeographical zones and humid climate. In this study, land molluscs (i.e. live and dead specimens) were sampled monthly by a combination of quadrat sampling technique using PVC frame (1x1 m 2) and leaf litter/topsoil sieving technique along five trails in every 100 meters, whereas, aquatic molluscs were collected by hands at three aquatic sites (20-minute search each). The sampling was conducted from November 2008 to October 2009 in the Plant Genetic Protection Area of Srinagarind dam, Sisawat district, Kanchanaburi province. In total, 861 individuals of molluscs representing 11 families, 13 genera, 14 species, and 4 subspecies were found. The three most abundant species were Cyclophorus siamensis Sowerby, 1850 (17.77 %), Cryptozona siamensis Pfeiffer, 1856 (16.72 %), and Anentome helena Philippi, 1847 (13.24 %), respectively. Our result revealed a high Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H' = 2.27) meaning molluscs were distributed more equitably among species. Low species richness probably resulted from the proximity of the study area to the nearby human community, where disturbance frequently occurs. คำสำคั ญ: จั งหวั ดกาญจนบุ รี หอยฝาเดี ยว หอยสองฝา มอลลั สค์ ประเทศไทย
... Newell (1969, also on p. N861) further placed another freshwater taxon, Sinomytilus, in the Mytilidae list of uncertainly assigned genera. Thiele (1934, p. 801) actually placed Sinomytilus as a Section of the subgenus Chloromya Mörch, 1853 within the Mytilidae although Brandt (1974) re-assigned it to the Dreissenidae, a conclusion followed by Bogan (2008). This genus was, however, subsequently re-assigned to the Mytilidae by Morton and Dinesen (2010) based on S. harmandi, a conclusion confirmed genetically by Morton et al. (2020b). ...
... Thiele (1934) noted that other freshwater species from China and Indochina originally described as Dreissena also belonged to Sinomytilus. In addition to S. harmandi, two more species are currently assigned to this genera, that is S. morrisoni Brandt, 1974 andS. swinhoei (H. ...
... Symbiotic commensalism involving not only behavioural but also morphological adaptations to kleptofeeding, and possibly ectoparasitism, is rare among mytiloideans in this obligatory form. Besides C. lunata living on its A. pilula host, the only other known example is Sinomytilus harmandi that lives upon the living shells of Corbicula fluminea (Figure 15) in the Mekong River (Morton and Dinesen 2010), although we are uncertain as to how species-specific it is (Brandt 1974). ...
... The freshwater snails of the family Bithyniidae Gray, 1857 (Gastropoda: Truncatelloidea) are distributed in Europe, Africa, Australia and Asia (Ponder, 2019). Seven genera are known from throughout Southeast Asia-Bithynia Leach, 1818, Emmericiopsis Thiele, 1928, Gabbia Tryon, 1865, Hydrobioides G. Nevill, 1885, Parabithynia Pilsbry, 1928, Petroglyphus Möllendorf in Quadras and Möllendorf, 1894and Wattebledia Crosse, 1886(Annandale, 1918Benthem Jutting, 1956;Brandt, 1974;Ponder, 2019). ...
... Although a bithyniid from Singapore was mentioned in Frauenfeld (1862), the first verifiable record of Bithynia species in Singapore was only in the mid-1990s (Chan, 1996). Unlike their congeners in Thailand, parasites have not been recorded from bithyniids in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore to date (Brandt, 1974;Tropmed, 1986). Owing to their seeming unimportance and small size (most have shell heights less than 10 mm), bithyniids in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore have thus far remained mostly overlooked. ...
... Bithynia (Digoniostoma) laevis- Brandt, 1968: p. 223 ("in the ponds outside the caves" [Batu Caves, Peninsular Malaysia]). Bithynia (Digoniostoma) siamensis siamensis -Brandt, 1974: p. 59, pI. 4 (Brandt, 1974). Introduced to Singapore. ...
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Freshwater snails of the family Bithyniidae on mainland Southeast Asia are important intermediate hosts of zoonotic parasites. However, bithyniids in the southern tip of the mainland, in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore, have remained largely overlooked. We review records of the bithyniids from this target region based on literature and museum material to verify species identities, statuses and distribution. Species identification was conducted mainly using shell characters and supplemented by analyses of the COI gene. We recorded four species-Digoniostoma siamensis siamensis, Gabbia minuta, Gabbia cf. stenothyroides, Wattebledia baschi. In Malaysia, G. minuta and W. baschi are only known from their type localities. Digoniostoma siamensis siamensis occurs in Peninsular Malaysia and was introduced to Singapore in recent decades. Gabbia cf. stenothyroides has also been introduced to Singapore. Molecular analyses indicated that D. siamensis siamensis shares the same clade with mainland Southeast Asian Bithynia spp., Gabbia cf. stenothyroides is sister to a bithyniid from Sulawesi, while Bithynia and Gabbia were recovered as non-monophyletic groups. Our study clarifies the presence of two introduced bithyniids in Singapore, reveals the lack of knowledge on native (including endemic) Malaysian species, and further emphasises the need for a revision of all bithyniids.
... In Thailand, Bithyniidae snails are classified into three genera: Bithynia, Hydrobioides, and Wattebledia. Among these genera, only Bithynia snails are recognized for their medical significance (Brandt 1974). Notably, Bithynia snails are intermediate hosts of O. viverrini, which is contributing significantly to the increasing prevalence of opisthorchiasis in Thailand. ...
... Discrimination among these Bithynia species relies heavily on taxonomic keys, primarily focusing on shell morphology, including size, shape, color, surface sculpture, operculum structure, and arrangement patterns of radular teeth. Table 1 shows a detailed examination of the specific characteristics utilized in the classification of these three bithyniid species (Brandt 1974;Tropmed Technical Group 1986;Chitramvong 1992;Kiatsopit et al. 2011;Petney et al. 2012). ...
... The snail specimens were collected between October 2021 and October 2022 by handpicking and scooping methods and then kept in aeration tanks and transported to the Parasitology and Medical Malacology Research Unit (PaMaSU) located at the Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. Identification was performed using shell morphological assessment based on references from Brandt (1974) and Upatham et al. (1983). Furthermore, the snails subsequently underwent molecular studies and trematode infection determination. ...
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This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of larval trematode infections in bithyniid snails across five provinces in southern Thailand. A total of 1,413 Bithynia siamensis snails were collected between October 2021 and October 2022 using handpicking and scooping methods. Among these, 844 were identified as B. s. siamensis and 569 as B. s. goniomphalos. The snail samples were examined for parasitic infections in the laboratory using shedding and crushing methods. Among the 27 sampling sites, snails from 6 sites were infected with various trematode species (infection rate: 4.95%, 70/1,413). Evaluation of the morphological and internal organ characteristics of the cercariae allowed for the categorization of the trematodes into five species of trematodes (belonging to four families). The identified species included Echinochasmus pelecani (family: Echinostomatidae), Echinostoma revolutum (family: Echinostomatidae), Haematoloechus similis (family: Haematoloechidae), Loxogenoides bicolor (family Lecithodendriidae), and Stictodora tridactyla (family: Heterophyidae), and the infection rates for these species were 3.26% (46/1,413), 0.35% (5/1,413), 0.42% (6/1,413), 0.78% (11/1,413), and 0.14% (2/1,413), respectively. The cercariae from the identified trematode species were studied for DNA analysis. The phylogenetic lineage reveals relationships among the species, confirming the morphological distinctions.
... F. martensi martensi is a popular food item and is important for the local economy. In addition, F. martensi martensi has been harbors several larval trematodes (Brandt, 1974). According to previous reports in Bangkok, Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai province, the four types of cercarial trematodes have been shown to infect F. martensi martensi: echinostome cercaria, furcocercous cercaria, mutabile cercaria, and xiphidiocercaria (Wongsawad et al., 2016;Chantima & Rika, 2020;Wiroonpan et al., 2020). ...
... All sampling sites were surrounded by rivers, big trees and agricultural activities. The snails were identified as species based on the key of Brandt (1974). The snails were randomly collected in the canal using the hand-picking method (Chantima et al., 2018). ...
... Filopaludina martensi martensi act as intermediate hosts of several larval trematodes (Brandt, 1974;Butboonchoo et al., 2020;Wiroonpan et al., 2020). This study represents the epidemic analysis and diversity of its larval trematodes in Chom Thong (Ban Luang and Khuang Pao sub-districts) and Hang Dong (Nong Kaeo and Harn Kaeo sub-districts) of Chiang Mai province during February to December 2020. ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the diversity and epidemic situation of larval trematodes in Filopaludina martensi martensi. The snails were collected from four sampling sites in the Hang Dong (Nong Kaeo and Harn Kaeo sub-districts) and Chom Thong districts (Ban Luang and Khuang Pao sub-districts), Chiang Mai province between February and December 2020. The results show that the highest % prevalence was found in the Harn Kaeo sub-district (18.52%), and the highest intensity was found in the Ban Luang sub-district (38,610.89), and the highest abundance was found in the Harn Kaeo sub-district (4,373.7). The morphology of larval trematodes was categorized using a compound microscope; sporocyst (sporocyst of xiphidiocercaria), four types of cercariae (xiphidiocercaria, cercariaeum cercaria, echinostome cercaria, and furcocercous cercaria), and two species of metacercariae (Echinostoma revolutum and Thapariella anastomusa). In addition, the results show the cercaria that may be new species was cercariaeum cercaria and a new locality of strigea cercaria (furcocercous cercaria type) in the Chiang Mai province. In future research, the combination of traditional and molecular methods could be used to identify the cercariae species in F. martensi martensi. The data in this study may be useful for the control, prevention, and further monitoring of human and animal hygiene in the Chiang Mai province.
... The genus Faunus was originally erected by Montfort (1810: 426-428) to hold Faunus melanopsis Montfort, 1810, which is the type of the genus by original designation and a junior synonym of Faunus ater (Linnaeus, 1758). Faunus has been attributed subsequentially to various operculate aquatic molluscan families such as Cerithiidae (Way & Purchon 1981), Melaniidae (Garg et al. 2009), Melanopsidae (Houbrick 1988, Lydeard et al. 2002, Tan & Woo 2010, Potamididae (Brandt 1974, Sriaroon et al. 2005 and Thiaridae (Solem 1953, Janaki Ram & Radhakrishna 1984) until recently, when the morphological and morphological and 16S and 28S rRNA sequencesbased evidence supported its placement in cerithioid family Pachychilidae (Köhler et al. 2004, Strong 2011. Numerous fossil species have been subsequently attributed to Faunus (MolluscaBase 2021). ...
... Nowadays Faunus is considered monotypic in recent fauna but has multiple fossil representatives. Numerous extant taxa were subsequently synonymized with F. ater (Brandt 1974, Houbrick 1991, MolluscaBase 2023. Available fossil records point on a possible Tethyan origin of this species (Houbrick 1991). ...
... The species inhabits mouths and lower course of running freshwaters, usually with a brackish influence (Houbrick 1991). It is reported to inhabit both fresh-as well as brackish water near the coast, as well as estuaries, lagoons, standing or lotic habitats, marine and coastal lakes, and mangroves, including exposed tidal mudflats (Lesson 1831, von Martens 1897, van Benthem Jutting 1956and 1963, Brandt 1974, Ram & Radhakrishna 1984, Swennen et al. 2001, Lot et al. 2011, Das et al. 2018, Aji et al. 2023, Fig. 2A-B). On the Greater Sunda islands of Java and Sumatra this species has been observed also in ditches and freshwater ponds (van Benthem Jutting 1956). ...
... The snails were maintained in aeration tanks and then transferred and studied in the laboratory of the Parasitology and Medical Malacology Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. The snail species were identified according to their shell morphology, using taxonomic keys following Brandt (1974) and Upatham et al. (1983). ...
... The second family was Physidae, with 5 Physella acuta Draparnaud, 1805. The third family was Planorbidae, which included 12 Amerianna carinata H. Adams, 1861; 5 Gyraulus bakeri Brandt, 1974;176 G. convexiusculus Hutton, 1849;1 G. hubendicki Brandt, 1974;and 802 Indoplanorbis exustus Deshayes, 1834 (see Table 1 and Fig. 3). ...
... Freshwater snails that serve as intermediate hosts, are commonly found in various water resources, and Thailand is home to one of the world's richest freshwater and brackish water snail faunas, with over 170 freshwater species and 96 brackish water species recorded across 75 genera and 23 families. Among these non-marine aquatic Mollusca of Thailand, according to Brandt (1974), there are three superfamilies of snails within the Pulmonata, such as Ancyloidea Rafinesque 1815, Planorboidae Rafinesque 1815, and Lymnaeoidea Rafinesque 1815, all of which belong to Basommatophora Keferstein 1864 (Bouchet and Rocroi 2005). ...
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This study aimed to investigate the pulmonate snail species in the vicinity of the cercarial dermatitis outbreak area in southern Thailand. In 2020, an outbreak of cercarial dermatitis was reported in Chana district, Songkhla Province, caused by the ruminant schistosome Schistosoma indicum and its snail intermediate host Indoplanorbis exustus. In the present study, 1,175 pulmonate snails were collected between October 2021 and October 2022 from five provinces covering 34 locations in southern Thailand. Seven pul-monate snail species were identified based on shell morphology, including Amerianna carinata, Gyraulus bakeri, G. convexiusculus, G. hubendicki, Physella acuta, Indoplanorbis exustus, and Radix rubiginosa. Among these snails, eight species, and five types of cercariae were identified, viz. type (i) Echinostome cercariae consisted of Echinoparyphium recurvatum, Echinostoma spiniferum, and E. revolutum, type (ii) Brevifurcate-apharyngeate cercariae consisted of Schistosoma indicum and S. spindale, type (iii) Bre-vifurcate-pharyngeate-clinostomatoid-cercariae was represented by Clinostomum giganticum, type (iv) Longifurcate-pharyngeate cercariae (strigea cercaria) was Diplostomum baeri eucaliae, and type (v) Ophthalmoxiphidiocercaria. Among the seven pulmonated snail species, three were found to be infected, viz. G. convexiusculus, I. exustus, and R. rubiginosa, with infection rates of 1.14% (2/176), 0.25% (2/802), and 4.02% (7/174), respectively.
... The mussels they collected were brought back, and several well-known zoologists studied these specimens and described more than 20 nominal species in the early-to mid-19th century, e.g., Lea (1845Lea ( , 1852Lea ( , 1856Lea ( , 1863, Martens (1860), and Morlet (1889), for instance. One remarkable species among these earliest described mussels is Unio hainesianus Lea, 1856, which is distinct by its large and thick shell, and is probably the largest unionid species in Indochina (Brandt, 1974). In Thailand, it is reportedly used as a protein source by local peoples and well known for its production of good quality freshwater pearls (Brandt, 1974;Nagajinda et al., 2005;Kovidtvadhi and Kovidtvadhi, 2014;Goncalves et al., 2022). ...
... One remarkable species among these earliest described mussels is Unio hainesianus Lea, 1856, which is distinct by its large and thick shell, and is probably the largest unionid species in Indochina (Brandt, 1974). In Thailand, it is reportedly used as a protein source by local peoples and well known for its production of good quality freshwater pearls (Brandt, 1974;Nagajinda et al., 2005;Kovidtvadhi and Kovidtvadhi, 2014;Goncalves et al., 2022). Almost fifty years after Lea's (1856) description of U. hainesianus, it was transferred to the genus Chamberlainia Simpson, 1900, a genus endemic to the Indochina Peninsula. ...
... Almost fifty years after Lea's (1856) description of U. hainesianus, it was transferred to the genus Chamberlainia Simpson, 1900, a genus endemic to the Indochina Peninsula. Later, this genus was a subject to multiple systematic revisions with the number of species included to it varying from one to seven (Rochebrune, 1904;Simpson, 1914;Haas, 1924;Brandt, 1974;Graf and Cummings, 2007;Goncalves et al., 2022). For Thailand's freshwater mussel fauna, the most comprehensive publication on the unionid classification and identification is the classical work by Brandt (1974), which synonymized all the previously known Chamberlainia species from Indochina drainages with C. hainesiana. ...
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Chamberlainia somsakpanhai sp. nov., the largest freshwater bivalve (Unionidae) in the Mekong Basin, is described using morphological characters and molecular analysis. The new species differs from its congeners by having an ovate shell outline and obtuse and distinct sub-biangulate posterior margin. A multi-locus phylogenetic tree (mitochondrial COI and 16S, and nuclear 28S genes) recognized the new species along with other two members of the genus, namely C. hainesiana and C. duclerci. Average genetic divergence between the new species and its congeners is 13.8-14.1% by an uncorrected COI p-distance.
... Subsequently, Bineurus was subjected to taxonomic revision again by Haas (1969), who synonymized several nominal species and recognized only P. mouhotii and P. hageni (Strubell, 1897) as valid. However, during study of Pseudodon in the Mekong River drainage, Brandt (1974) did not recognize any previous subordinate classification, and considered only P. mouhotii as a valid species among the members previously recognized by Haas (1920Haas ( , 1969. This classification by Brandt (1974) had been accepted for a half century, until Bolotov et al. (2017b) resurrected Bineurus as a valid genus on the basis of their integrative taxonomic approach combining morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses. ...
... However, during study of Pseudodon in the Mekong River drainage, Brandt (1974) did not recognize any previous subordinate classification, and considered only P. mouhotii as a valid species among the members previously recognized by Haas (1920Haas ( , 1969. This classification by Brandt (1974) had been accepted for a half century, until Bolotov et al. (2017b) resurrected Bineurus as a valid genus on the basis of their integrative taxonomic approach combining morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses. At present, Bineurus comprises four valid species (Bolotov et al., 2017b;Konopleva et al., 2021), and their distribution range is limited to tributaries in the Middle Mekong Basin in Laos and Thailand, and the Lower Mekong Basin in Cambodia and southern Vietnam (Konopleva et al., 2021). ...
... The new species unambiguously belongs to the genus Bineurus, as it has the following generic diagnostics: the rhomboidal or kidney-like shell outlines; very inequilateral, rather thin and compressed shells; and each valve with a tubercle-like pseudocardinal tooth (Konopleva et al., 2021). Species in the genus Bineurus exhibit highly similar shell morphology and are difficult to distinguish based on conchological traits alone (Brandt, 1974;Konopleva et al., 2021). Nevertheless, the new species is unique among its congeners by having the most elongated shell (Fig. 1). ...
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A new freshwater mussel species is described here as Bineurus panhai sp. nov. Morphological investigation and multi-locus phylogeny based on concatenated data of COI, 16S, and 28S gene sequences reveal that the new species is similar to the Bineurus exilis (Morelet, 1866), but it can be distinguished from the latter taxon by having a curved dorsal margin and a lower posterior end (vs. straight dorsal margin and higher posterior end). They also differ from each other by 2.32% of uncorrected COI p-distance. Bineurus panhai sp. nov. is distributed in the Bang Pakong Basin of eastern Thailand and in headwater tributaries of the Tonle Sap Basin in Thailand and Cambodia. Because of its restricted range, this new species may represent a rare endemic lineage and, hence, is a valuable target for conservation.
... Southern Thailand is part of the mega-diverse Southeast Asian region with a plethora of freshwater mussel species [1][2][3][4]. This area is located on the Thai-Malay Peninsula between two biogeographic barriers, the Kra Isthmus and the Songkhla (Van Steenis's Alor Setar-Singora) Line. ...
... The Songkhla Line approximately stretches from Alor Setar in the south to Singora city in the north [6]. The isthmus serves as a significant biogeographic barrier between the freshwater mussel faunas of Sundaland and Western Indochina, and the Songkhla Line separates Southern Thailand from Peninsular Malaysia [1,6]. The diverse freshwater system of Southern Thailand includes larger drainages such as the Tapi River basin [7] and a huge area of the Songkhla Lake basin extending through three administrative provinces (Phattalung, Songkhla, and Nakhon Si Thammarat) [8], as well as smaller rivers such as the Tha Taphao, Patthani, Saiburi, and others. ...
... A comprehensive revision of Thai freshwater mussels carried out by Brandt [1] has demonstrated that the fauna of Southern Thailand is most closely related to that of western Malaysia. Representatives of the tribes Indochinellini (Scabies), Contradentini (Physunio and Lens), and Rectidentini (Hyriopsis and Ensidens), as well as different taxa of the tribe Pseudodontini (e.g., Pilsbryoconcha), were recognized there by earlier scholars [1,2,4]. ...
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Southern Thailand represents a region of unique freshwater biodiversity with many endemic taxa, including a number of freshwater mussel species (Bivalvia: Unionidae). In this study, we recognize 13 taxa in the tribes Contradentini, Rectidentini, Pseudodontini (subfamily Gonideinae), and Indochinellini (subfamily Parreysiinae) that inhabit different localities in the Songkhla Lake, Tapi River, and Tha Taphao River basins. Based on the results of morphological and phylogenetic analyses, we discovered among these mussels six taxa new to science, including one genus, three species, and two subspecies. New taxonomic names are introduced here as follows: Songkhlanaia gen. nov.; S. tamodienica gen. & sp. nov.; Sundadontina plugpomenica sp. nov.; Monodontina vondembuschiana tapienica ssp. nov.; M. vondembuschiana thasaenica ssp. nov. (Pseudodontini); and Trapezoideus thachiadensis sp. nov. (Contradentini). These new taxa confirm the high conservation priority of the Southern Thai freshwater mussel fauna.
... Stenothyra monilifera Benson, 1856g: 497;Blanford, 1867Blanford, [in 1862Blanford, -1870, 36 (2) Fig. 15; Nevill, 1885: 44;Preston, 1915: 80;Annandale and Prashad, 1921b: 127 Nematura monilifera (Benson); Hanley and Theobald, 1870: 17, Pl. 37, Fig. 4 Type material UMZC I.102865, Fig. 45 We presume that the UMZC specimens from Benson's collection represent the type series, although the locality given on McAndrew's label has been degraded to "Ind.", which in this case probably covers several countries including Burma. It occurs extensively in south and Southeast Asia, including coastal areas of Thailand (Gulf of Thailand), Burma, Malaysia, southern Vietnam, Indonesia (Java and Sumatra) and India (Ganga River at Patna and Mokhama) (Brandt, 1974;Nesemann et al., 2007). ...
... According to Ramakrishna and Dey (2007: 240) the type material is located in the NHM but we have been unable to trace this. Brandt (1974) noted that while this species has a wide distribution being known from India (Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra), Sri Lanka (Point de Galle) and Thailand (Aranyapratet), it always appears to be extremely rare. It has recently been reported from Nepal (Glöer and Bössneck, 2013) and Bhutan (Gittenberger et al., 2017a). ...
... Baker also provided anatomical details of umbilicalis. According to Brandt (1974), Planorbis caenosus Benson 1850 is a junior synonym of Hippeutis (Helicorbis) umbilicalis (Benson 1836 Planorbis cantori is listed in McAndrew's Catalogue but no Benson specimens could be traced in the UMZC. This species has been assigned to several planorbid genera. ...
... George Ritter von Frauenfeld named it Paludina martensi (Frauenfeld, 1864). At the moment, 3 species are recognised: Filopaludina martensi martensi Fauenfeld 1864, Filopaludina martensi cambodiensis Brandt 1974, andFilopaludina martensi munensis Brandt 1974. F. m. martensi is found throughout Southeast Asia; Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, and Indonesia, and is probably present in southern China (Yunnan) and Myanmar. ...
... The aperture is oblique, ovate and rounded, and cerulean-white in colour (Köhler et al., 2012). Although earlier studies (Bak-er, 1928;Thiele, 1929) observe sexual dimorphism in the Viviparidae family snails -the right tentacle of males is modified into a copulatory organ (Brandt, 1974;Tarbsripair, 1998), no clear differences are noted in the F. m. martensi snails. However, F. m. martensi female individuals have larger and heavier shells, with body volume relating to fecundity (Sawangproh et al., 2021). ...
... The operculum (15 x 12 mm) is ovate with concentric lines, brown to black, colour of horn with golden shining. Although Viviparidae snails are recognised as sexually dimorphic (Baker, 1928;Thiele, 1929;Brandt, 1974;Tarbsripair, 1998), F. m. martensi snails studied here are not sexually dimorphic with males having functional tentacles, and a penis as seen in the copulat-ing couple (Figure 3). Female individuals are described to have larger and heavier shells, with body volume relating directly to fecundity (Sawangproh et al., 2021). ...
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Highlight ResearchLong-term maintenance of Filopaludina martensi martensi in artificial conditions (local tap-water and food).Observation of breeding behaviour of F. m. martensi.Observation of birth and development of the juveniles. AbstractFilopaludina martensi martensi Frauenfeld 1865 is an aquatic Viviparidae gastropod found in Thailand, and throughout Southeast Asia. It is popular in the local cousin, a vector of food-borne trematode infections, and used as a bio-indicator of heavy metal contamination, bio-control agent against Bithynia siamensis Lea 1856, and a way to reduce the total organic matter content from faeces and feed residue during Clarias sp. catfish and Nile tilapia aquaculture. The study aims to establish a protocol for breeding F. m. martensi snails in artificial conditions. The snails were maintained in laboratory conditions. The animals gave birth (3 - 4 juveniles) every month. Inflatable, for several hours after the birth, transparent lightly bluish (5 - 6 mm in diameter) spheres are released in which the fully mature juvenile moves, and leaves several hours later after the sphere breaks. All juveniles studied here die after 2 - 3 months failing to grow into a reproductive adults. F. m. martensi is an attractive animal that regardless of the current difficulties to maintain and grow its juveniles may be popularised in the ornamental fish trade, and a possible laboratory model animal.
... Y. khoratensis has an oblong shell shape similar to modern species of Namkongnaia spp. living in mud substrate of stillwater (Jeratthitikul et al. 2021) such as ponds (Brandt, 1974) and mud substrate in still part of the river or in lenthic habitat such as pond and lakes (Morelet, 1875;Morlet, 1889: Brandt, 1974. ...
... Y. khoratensis has an oblong shell shape similar to modern species of Namkongnaia spp. living in mud substrate of stillwater (Jeratthitikul et al. 2021) such as ponds (Brandt, 1974) and mud substrate in still part of the river or in lenthic habitat such as pond and lakes (Morelet, 1875;Morlet, 1889: Brandt, 1974. ...
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A new fossil freshwater bivalves locality in the Sao Khua Formation was discovered at the top of a small hill named Phu Kum Khao in the Pho Chai District, Roi Et Province, northeastern Thailand. The fossils bed is a mud-nodule conglomeratic sandstone of the Sao Khua Formation and has proved to be both of high abundance and species diversity (6,637 specimens of nine species). The most abundant species is Pseudohyria (Matsumotoina) somanai Tumpeesuwan, Sato, and Nakhapadungrat, 2010, which is not only the dominant species of the Sao Khua Formation but also the index fossil representative of the Late Barremian age for the formation. The bivalves from this locality are preserved as both articulated and disarticulated shells. Associated vertebrate fossils are preserved as bone fragments and micro remains. According to the fossil assemblage and its taphonomy and orientation, lithology, and geometry, we interpret this fossil bed as having been deposited by a crevasse splay of a meandering river system.
... The region is thus considered one of the most important global hotspots of freshwater mussel diversity, alongside North America, due not only to its high species richness but also to the notable endemism (Zieritz et al. 2018;Graf and Cummings 2021), highlighting the need for comprehensive research and conservation efforts. Examples of this endemism include more than one hundred species that are restricted to a single river basin (e.g., Bolotov et al. 2020Bolotov et al. , 2023Konopleva et al. 2021;Pfeiffer et al. 2021;Jeratthitikul et al. 2022;Jeratthitikul and Sutcharit 2023;Kongim et al. 2023), as well as cases at the subfamily level, such as Modellnaiinae, which is exclusively distributed in the Mun River, a tributary of the Mekong River Basin in Thailand (Brandt 1974). ...
... They were collected from a network of dense tree roots on a clay wall of a small stream. Nearby, there was a community of unionid mussels living in muddy or sandy substrate of the stream bottom, including Scabies phaselus (Lea, 1856), Physunio modelli Brandt, 1974, Namkongnaia inkhavilayi Jeratthitikul et al., 2021, P. exilis, S. brandti, and Thaiconcha callifera (Martens, 1860). ...
Article
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Two new genera and three new species of freshwater mussels in the tribe Pseudodontini (Bivalvia, Unionidae) are described from the Mekong Basin in Thailand based on an integrative taxonomic study involving morphology and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses (mitochondrial COI and 16S, and nuclear 28S genes). The monotypic genus, Lannanaia kokensisgen. et sp. nov., presents unique features of being rather compressed, sub-trigonal in outline with short and high shell, and with a distinct posterior wing. Another new genus, Isannaiagen. nov., is characterized by having a thin and moderately inflated shell, with rhomboidal to ovate outline. It includes two lineages that are genetically separated by 3.54% uncorrected COI p-distance, and are herein described as I. fortunatasp. nov. and I. occultatasp. nov. Phylogenetic analyses further revealed that these two new genera were nested within a clade of subtribe Pseudodontina, and with pairwise uncorrected COI p-distance to other genera ranging from 11.42 to 15.66%. Based on the present data, Lannanaiagen. nov. is known only from the Kok River in the north of Thailand, whereas the two species of Isannaiagen. nov. are restricted to tributaries of the Mekong River in the northeast of Thailand. The discovery of rare and probably endemic freshwater mussels in the Mekong Basin thus again highlights the importance of this region among freshwater biodiversity hotspots of the world.
... This genus comprises three species, one of which is found in the Yangtze River in China. Since Brandt's discovery of Sinomytilus morrisoni (Brandt, 1974) in 1974, no new species of Sinomytilus have been found, and there is no further recorded information about species of this genus in China. ...
... In contrast to S. harmandi (Rochebrune, 1882), the new species is extremely small, and its ventral side lacks the curvature observed in S. harmandi. Compared to S. morrisoni (Brandt, 1974), the umbo of S. morrisoni is highly prominent and the dorsal margin is uneven. In addition, the hinge ligament of S. liuliwanqing sp. ...
Article
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Based on specimens collected from Lake Fuxian in Yuxi City, Yunnan Province, China, we describe a new species of the genus Sinomytilus, Sinomytilus liuliwanqing sp. nov., all type specimens are deposited at Nanjing Normal University in Jiangsu Province, China. We provide a detailed morphological description of the species and molecular analysis based on partial mitochondrial COI supports its systematic position as a new taxon.
... Hydrobioides nassa possibly serves as an intermediate host for parasitic trematodes. It has been reported to be endemic in Myanmar, Thailand, and the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Brandt, 1974). The morphology of H. nassa is very similar to the two subspecies of genus Bithynia, i.e. ...
... The collected snails were cleaned several times with tap water, and the water from their shell was absorbed with tissue paper until completely dry, before being packed in newspapers and transported to the laboratory. The collected snails were identified to species by morphology based on previous reports by Brandt (1974), and Chitramvong (1992), prior to shedding and crushing. The snails were then investigated for cercariae and metacercariae of parasitic trematodes using shedding and crushing procedures (Kiatsopit et al., 2012;Bunchom et al., 2020). ...
Article
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1,024 individuals of Hydrobioides nassa were collected from 12 different localities in eight provinces from north, west, and central regions of Thailand. The infection of parasitic trematodes was investigated using shedding and crushing methods to search for cercariae and metacercariae. Trematode infection was found at a relatively low prevalence of 5.57%. Five different morphological types of cercariae were detected; xiphidio, monostome, mutabile, ophthalmoxiphidio, and microcercous, and three different morphological types of unknown metacercariae were observed. Microcercous cercariae of the lung fluke genus Paragonimus is reported here for the first time in a bithyniid snail. Our current finding show that H. nassa can serve as intermediate host for a range of parasitic trematodes in Thailand.
... However, the long and thickened anterior cusp of the pseudo cardinal in the right valve differs from that of Indonaia and is the basis for the new genus. Within the Indochinellini, a specimen of Lens pallegoixi (Sowerby, 1870) figured by Brandt (1974), pl.26 Fig. 64 from Thailand shows a similar series of radial ridges from the umbo extending to approximately the middle of the flanks, however, with some reemergence in the latter stages of growth located posteriorly. The Indochinellini also includes Scabies Haas (1911) which is more extensively ornamented with V shaped ribs. ...
Article
A previously undescribed Danian freshwater intratrappean mollusc fauna from Barga, Shahpura District, Madhya Pradesh, Central India is dominated by bivalves and pulmonate gastropods. We introduce the new unionid genus and species Shahpuranaia shai (Tribe Indochinellini) with other bivalve taxa including a margaritiferid, and a sphaeriid tentatively assigned to Pisidium. The genus Telankhedilymnaea is introduced for elongate fusiform Lymnaeid gastropods. We record KP extinction survivorship amongst the Lymnaeids indicating that the intertrappeans were a Late Cretaceous to Early Palaeogene refuge. The Barga fauna lived prior to the diversification of the East and Southeast Asian mollusc faunas during the convergence between the Indian plate and Burma Terrane with Asia.
... Thus, the global checklist of introduced freshwater mussels currently contains 17 species. The broad native range of P. exilis is situated in the Sundaland Subregion and covers the Mekong and Chao-Phraya basins, the Thai-Malay Peninsula, and the Greater Sunda Islands (Java, Sumatra, and Borneo) (Haas 1969;Brandt 1974;Jeratthitikul et al. 2022;Bolotov et al. 2023; see Figure 1). Brandt (1974: 264) stated that: "It is neither known from the drainage system of the Salween River nor from the northernmost provinces of Thailand: Chieng Mai, Mae Hongson, Chieng Rai and Nan". ...
Article
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The present study reports on the first record of a non-native population of the freshwater mussel Pilsbryoconcha exilis (Lea, 1838) (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Myanmar. It was discovered from irrigation canals that are situated in the Delta Region of the Ayeyarwady River. Based on approximate age estimates and information from local villagers, this population was probably established in 2019-2020. The DNA sequence data reveals that the Ayeyarwady population shares a single COI haplotype and that this haplotype was previously recorded from the Udon Thani Province of Thailand (Mekong River drainage). Based on this evidence, we could assume that P. exilis was introduced to Myanmar from Thailand. Our new findings expand the global checklist of invasive freshwater mussels that currently contains 17 species.
... In this study, we discovered a distinct species of freshwater mussel in the Liuxi River, Guangzhou, China. After examining the shell morphology of this unique species, as well as referring to the literature (e.g., Heude 1875Heude , 1877aHeude , 1877bHeude , 1878Heude , 1879Heude , 1880aHeude , 1880bHeude , 1881Heude , 1883Heude , 1885Simpson 1900Simpson , 1914Haas 1969;Brandt 1974;Liu et al. 1979;He and Zhuang 2013) and MUSSELp online database (see http://mussel-project.uwsp.edu), we were unable to match it to any of the recorded species. ...
Article
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The Pearl River Basin, China’s second-largest freshwater basin, hosts a significant diversity of species and a highly endemic freshwater mussel fauna. In this study, a new species from the Liuxi River in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, Pletholophus guangzhouensissp. nov., is described based on morphological diagnostic features and molecular phylogenetics. The glochidia shells of the new species are subtriangular, medium-sized, and have a styliform hook on the ventral angle of each valve. Phylogenetic analyses based on the COI and 28S rRNA gene fragments indicated that Pletholophus guangzhouensissp. nov. is the sister to Pletholophus tenuis + Pletholophus reinianus. The pairwise uncorrected COI p-distance analysis demonstrated genetic distances ranging from 5.27% (between P. guangzhouensissp. nov. and P. tenuis) to 11.06% (between P. guangzhouensissp. nov. and P. honglinhensis). Our findings suggest a significant underestimation of the diversity of freshwater mussel species in Guangdong. Further field collections and systematic studies are necessary to fully explore the biodiversity of this region. Furthermore, integrative classification methods and genetic research are essential for informing the development of effective conservation strategies.
... These snails were transported at ambient temperature and under aeration to the Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok Province. The snails were classified based on the shell morphological characteristics described by Brandt (Brandt, 1974). They were maintained in a plastic box containing dechlorinated water. ...
Article
Indoplanorbis exustus and Radix rubiginosa act as intermediate hosts for veterinary and medical trematode parasites. Snail control is a strategy used to decrease the number of snails and interrupt the life cycle of parasites. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus extracts against I. exustus and R. rubiginosa in the laboratory. Ethyl acetate extracts of selected symbiotic bacteria were tested for their molluscicidal activities according to World Health Organization guidelines. Additionally, pathological changes in the snails were observed after treatment with the LC50 values under a light microscope. Indoplanorbis exustus and R. rubiginosa were susceptible to all ethyl acetate extracts of symbiotic bacteria. The lowest LC50 and LC90 at 24 h for I. exustus after exposure to Photorhabdus laumondii subsp. laumondii (bALN18.2_TH) extracts were 81.66 and 151.02 ppm, respectively. Similarly, the lowest LC50 and LC90 at 24 h for R. rubiginosa after exposure to Photorhabdus luminescence subsp. akhurstii (bAPY3.5_TH) extracts were 49.21 and 147.66 ppm, respectively. Photorhabdus species had more substantial molluscicidal effects than Xenorhabdus on these snails. The ethyl acetate extracts of these bacteria are effective when contacting the epithelial cells and foot muscle of the snails. To our knowledge, this is the first report on using Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus extracts to evaluate molluscicidal activities. These symbiotic bacteria, Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus, may be useful for controlling snail intermediate hosts.
... The fresh weight of specimens was determined after the removal of surface moisture (drying on a filter paper until wet spots disappeared) in the laboratory, using a WT-100 torsion balance (weighing accuracy 0.1 mg). Invertebrates were determined using several keys and taxonomic revisions (Brandt, 1974;Burch, 1980;Barnard and Barnard, 1983;Glasby, 1999;Mekong …, 2006;etc.). Most part of specimens were deposited in the water invertebrates collection of the Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters Russian Academy of Sciences (Borok, Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia), while gastropod mollusks were deposited in the collection of the A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia). ...
... Collected snails were cleaned with dechlorinated water and transferred to the laboratory. Planorbid snails were primarily identified based on shell morphology, according to the taxonomic key of Brandt [22]. Snail size was measured based on a minimum of 20 randomly selected snail samples. ...
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Background and Aim Freshwater snails belonging to the family Planorbidae serve as the first intermediate hosts of many species of important parasitic flukes of animals and humans. Information regarding the occurrence of planorbid snail larval trematode infection is limited in Northern Thailand. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of larval trematode infection of the freshwater snail Indoplanorbis exustus in Uttaradit, Thailand, and to identify trematode species based on their morphological and molecular characteristics. Materials and Methods Planorbid snail specimens were collected from a water reservoir in Uttaradit, Thailand, from June to August 2023. Snails were assessed for larval trematode infection through cercarial shedding and crushing methods. The released cercariae were preliminarily identified on the basis of their morphological characteristics. In addition, species identification of the detected cercariae was conducted using 28S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene sequence analyses. Results The overall prevalence of cercarial infection was 61.5% (107/174) in planorbid snails in Uttaradit province. Two species of cercarial trematodes, Schistosoma spindale (106/174, 60.9%) and Artyfechinostomum malayanum (1/174, 0.6%), were identified using morphological and molecular analyses, of which S. spindale was the most abundant species. Our studied snails did not have mixed infection with more than two cercarial species. Conclusion Our findings reveal a remarkably high prevalence of S. spindale cercariae infecting planorbid snails in Uttaradit, indicating that humans and animals across the study area are at risk of infection. Our data may contribute to the development of effective strategies to control this zoonotic infectious disease.
... Based on Rahim et al. (2022), most of the recorded bivalves and gastropods are a group of marine species and brackish water that inhabit different areas and substrates such as the muddy bottom, intertidal reef, sandy bottom, coral areas, rocky area, seagrass area and mangrove swamp areas. This habitat characteristic was supported by this present study and from the previous studies by Brandt (1974), Frith et al. (1976 and Printrakoon et al. (2008) in Thailand, Idris et al. (2012), Hamli et al. (2012a) and Hamli et al. (2012b) and Hamli et al. (2013) in Sarawak, Malaysia has shown that edible bivalve and gastropods from brackish and saltwater areas are gaining more attention than locals living in freshwater environments. Yahya et al. (2018) reported that bivalve and gastropod species survive in a variety of water salinity and inhabit muddy, brackish, and almost freshwater mangrove sections. ...
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Terengganu has a large coastal and wetland area where it provides habitat for edible mollusc. The edible molluscs are one of the most important sources of animal protein for the local communities. The distribution of edible molluscs was studied in six districts of the Terengganu coastal waters between August 2020 and March 2022. In each district, samples were purchased from the wet market, fishing villages and roadside outlets every four months interval. A total of 1,043 individuals was observed and 23 species of edible molluscs were recorded from six districts of Terengganu representing 11 families. Bivalves were found to be dominated by 14 species from seven families. The family Cyrenidae (bivalve) was widespread in five districts where Geloina expansa, was recorded in almost all districts. Meanwhile, for gastropods, nine species from four families were found where Ellobiidae (gastropod) was dominant and the most common gastropod species was Faunus ater, which was found in four locations in Terengganu. These species have great commercial value in Terengganu districts as they are sought extensively as food by the locals and also represent one of their sources of financial survival, especially for those living near to coastal areas. This baseline study could serve as a future indicator for the sustainable management of fisheries resources and for further ecological studies.
... Subsequently, it was assigned to other genera and species (e.g. Brandt, 1974, as Brachidontes arcuatulus (Hanley, 1843; Swennen et al., 2001, as Limnoperna siamensis (Morelet, 1866); Huber, 2010, as Brachidontes evansi;Ngo et al., 2018, as Brachidontes setiger), attesting to the confusion surrounding the identity of this species. ...
Article
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Three species of mussels collected from fresh- and low salinity (10 psu or lower) brackish-water environments in southern Thailand, Singapore, northern Borneo and south Sulawesi formed a new, well-supported and distinct mytilid clade based on molecular phylogeny. All are small (<30mm) species with either ra�dially ribbed or smooth shells. Internally, the upper edges of the ascending la�mellae of the outer and inner demibranchs are, respectively, fused to the mantle lobes and visceral mass. A new genus Parabrachidontes is proposed to accom�modate the three species. Of the species in the new genus, one is described as new (Parabrachidontes amnicus sp. n.), and the other two poorly known spe�cies (P. leucostictus and P. cochinensis) are re-described. The Parabrachidontes clade is closely related to Mytella, Perna and Arcuatula. Together, they formed a well-supported clade, most members of which have ctenidial edges attached to the mantle and/or visceral mass. These genera are clearly distinct phyloge�netically from two other mytilid clades containing brackish- and fresh-water spe�cies with ctenidia free of the mantle: one comprising the genera Limnoperna and Sinomytilus (together constituting the Limnoperninae), and the other Xenostrobus and Vignadula (forming the Xenostrobinae). We therefore suggest the existence of at least three lineages of mytilids living in rivers and estuaries of East Asia and Australasia.
... Species richness of zooplankton and benthic macroinvertebrates in coastal of Tien Giang Province during 2019 and 2021 Fig. 3. Species indicated for rich nutrient and organic pollution in coastal of Tien Giang Province Fig. 4. Sensitive species with impacts of environmental pollution in coastal of Tien Giang Province Rys. 2. Bogactwo gatunkowe zooplanktonu i makrobezkręgowców bentosowych na wybrzeżu prowincji Tien Giang w latach 2019 i 2021 Rys. 3. Gatunki wskazane jako bogate w składniki odżywcze i zanieczyszczenia organiczne na wybrzeżu prowincji Tien Giang Rys. 4. Wrażliwe gatunki mające wpływ na zanieczyszczenie środowiska na wybrzeżu prowincji Tien Giang SMEWW 10200G, 2017; SMEWW 10500, 2017; APHA, 2012). The results were recorded on data sheets and specimens are kept at the Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.The identification of zooplakton and benthic macroinvertebrates was based on morphology and taxonomic books such as Zooplankton(Fiji, 1993;Edmondson 1976); Microcrustacea(Edmondson, 1976;Dang et al., 1980; Dang & Ho, 2001; Karanoic, 2012); Polychaeta(Fauvel, 1953;Usakov, 1955;Day, 1967;Dejian & Raping, 1985); Oligochaeta(Dang et al., 1980;Sangpradub & Boonsoong, 2006Thai 2007; Gastropoda(Brandt, 1974; Dillon, 2004; Sangpradub & Boonsoong, 2006; Dang & Ho, 2012); Bivalvia (Brandt, 1974; Dillon, 2004; Sangpradub & Boonsoong, 2006; Dang & Ho, 2012); Crustacea (Bouvier, 1925; Holthuis, 1950; Gurianova, 1951; Tiwari, 1963; Kensley & Schotte, 1989; Hayward & Raland, 1990; Sangpradub & Boonsoong, 2006; Dang & Ho, 2012). ...
Article
Prowincja Tien Giang położona jest w strefie klimatu zwrotnikowego delty Mekongu. Klimat jest tutaj wyraźnie podzielony na dwie główne pory roku, a mianowicie porę deszczową i porę suchą, a średnia temperatura wynosi około 27°C. Linia brzegowa ma 32 kilometry (20 mil) długości i bardzo urozmaiconą linię brzegową, co jest zaletą dla hodowli wodnych, takich jak kraby i rozwój gospodarki morskiej. Bezkręgowce wodne to zróżnicowana grupa organizmów zamieszkujących obszary przybrzeżne na całym świecie, w regionach obejmujących klimat alpejski, suchy, śródziemnomorski, polarny, umiarkowany i tropikalny. Bezkręgowce przybrzeżne ujść rzek obejmują taksony bentosowe, planktonowe i stygobitowe, od szeroko rozpowszechnionych taksonów do oceny jakości wody. Klasyfikowane według wielkości jako makrobezkręgowce lub mniejsza meiofauna, makrobezkręgowce są szerzej badane, chociaż meiofauna może być również różnorodna i obfita w społecznościach wodnych. Wpływ czynników środowiskowych na różnorodność bezkręgowców badano na obszarze przybrzeżnym Tien Giang w południowym Wietnamie. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone w okresie od marca 2019 do września 2021, obejmując zarówno porę suchą, jak i deszczową. Dane z 10 miejsc wykorzystano jako reprezentatywny przykład dla obszaru przybrzeżnego Tien Giang do przeprowadzenia badania jakościowego. Aby przeprowadzić tę ocenę, analizy oparto na metodach MRC i klasyfikacjach, które zostały udoskonalone przez grupę naukową realizującą badania. Badano zmienne biologiczne i środowiskowe w celu przetestowania analizy wariancji (ANOVA) i korelacji Pearsona R między wszystkimi parametrami przy użyciu oprogramowania statystycznego. Przyjęto znaczące lub bardzo istotne dodatnie lub ujemne korelacje, gdy obliczona wartość p wynosiła odpowiednio <0,05 lub 0,01. Wyniki oceny wykazały, że na badanym obszarze stwierdzono występowanie 32 gatunków zooplanktonu i 18 gatunków makrobezkręgowców bentosowych. Zagęszczenie zooplanktonu na każdym stanowisku wahało się od 6 do 85 osobników/próbę, podczas gdy zagęszczenie makrobezkręgowców bentosowych na każdym stanowisku wahało się od 4 do 15 osobników/próbę. Obliczone wartości wskaźnika różnorodności (H’) zarówno zooplanktonu, jak i makrobezkręgowców bentosowych oscylowały na średnim poziomie (H’ ≈ 1,00 ÷ 1,72). Wyniki pokazują również, że kilka zmiennych środowiskowych, w tym całkowita zawiesina, chemiczne zapotrzebowanie tlenu i amon, było skorelowanych z bogactwem gatunkowym i gęstością bezkręgowców wodnych. Uzyskane wyniki będą przydatne do monitorowania stanu zanieczyszczenia badanego obszaru, w szczególności wrażliwości bezkręgowców wodnych na zmiany cech środowiska.
... The Pila globosa (Apple snail) is a gastropod freshwater mollusk, amphibious (Parveen et al., 2020), from the family Ampullariidae. Thirty species are recorded under the genus Pila which occupies a wide geographical distribution across Southeast Asia, and Africa (Brandt, 1974;Hayes et al., 2008). In India, 150 gastropod species from 51 genera and 16 families have been identified (Mukhopadhyay et al., 2017). ...
Article
Heavy metal concentrations were evaluated in the Pila globosa tissues and the adjacent aquatic environment of the Kole wetland agroecosystem, a Ramsar site, southwest coast of India. Metal concentrations were analyzed to assess the spatial distribution, contamination levels, bioaccumulation potential, and potential risk to the human population and the migratory birds that forage the wetland agroecosystem. The recorded concentrations of heavy metals in P. globosa tissues and the aquatic environment followed the hierarchal order: Fe > Cu > Mn > Cr > Zn > Ni > Cd > Pb mg/kg and Fe > Zn > Ni > Cr > Mn > Pb > Cu > Cd mg/L, respectively. Elevated levels of heavy metals were recorded in the P. globosa tissues than the adjacent aquatic environment thus, highlighting their potential for bioaccumulation. The recorded concentrations of heavy metals in the P. globosa tissues exceeded the permissible limits for Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, Cr and Cd at several sampling sites. However, in the aquatic environment, the concentrations of all heavy metals were within the permissible limits except for elemental Ni. Inter-elemental correlations between the P. globosa tissues and the aquatic environment recorded antagonistic associations that inhibit metal co-accumulations between the biotic and the abiotic environments. Source identification based on Principle Component Analysis revealed dynamic modes of variability for heavy metals, indicating agro-pesticides and fertilizers as the likely source of heavy metal contamination. Among heavy metals, greater bioaccumulation capacity was recorded for Cu, a moderate for Fe, and comparatively less bioaccumulation for Mn, Zn, Pb, Cr, and Ni. The health risk assessment based on the Target Hazard Quotient and Hazard Index revealed potential toxicity risk to the human population and the migratory birds including the transcontinental migrants that forage the Kole landscapes. Finally, the study emphasizes on long-term monitoring and surveillance programs to identify the multiple stressors most probably, the point sources of contamination and the diffuse sources along the Central Asian flyway for migratory birds to ensure protection of the threatened species and reduce the risk to the human population. Vulnerability to heavy metal toxicity shows that the Kole wetland agroecosystem, a Ramsar site for transcontinental migrants is likely at risk due to heavy metal bioaccumulation in gastropods, hence, requires urgent retrospection. The results of the study highlight that the biosorption potential of P. globosa, can be utilized for bioremediation of metal-contaminated wetlands and agroecosystems.
... The collected snails were Pathom. Then, they were identified by their shell morphology based on Brandt (1974) and Upatham et al. (1983). ...
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A cercarial dermatitis outbreak occurred in Chana district, Songkhla Province, South Thailand, between August and October 2020. A total of 359 cases with cercarial dermatitis were confirmed with three cases of skin biopsy. The species of potential trematodes from infected snails were investigated, and the prevalence of infestation with schistosomes was described. As part of our ongoing studies of trematode diversity in freshwater systems, using morphological traits and sequence data to differentiate species, this study aimed to provide insights into the parasite species that cause cercarial dermatitis in the outbreak area and improve our understanding of parasite species distribution. Snail samples were collected in December 2020 and September and October 2021. Five main areas of outbreaks were investigated, and snails were collected by scooping and examined for infection with cercariae. The cercariae were characterized on the basis of morphological features. We found two species of snails to be infected, viz. Indoplanorbis exustus and Bithynia siamensis siamensis , with infection rates of 2.05% (12/586) and 7.93% (23/290), respectively. Three species of trematodes were found in B. s. siamensis , viz. Gastrothylax crumenifer , Astiotrema monticellii , and Loxogenes liberum . Moreover, three species of trematodes were found in Indoplanorbis exustus , viz. Clinostomum giganticum , Echinostoma spiniferum , and Schistosoma indicum . The latter is a ruminant schistosome, which causes the outbreak of cercarial dermatitis in the area. They were genetically analyzed using the internal transcribed spacer subunit II region to confirm the species identity at generic and infrageneric levels.
... Philippi (1851) listed Pila as a synonym of Ampullaria and described 122 species, most of them from South America. Marwoto (1997) explained that both keong mas (Pomacea spp.) and keong gondang (Pila spp.) belong to the Ampullariidae family, while Brandt (1974) used Pilidae as a synonym of Ampullariidae and described five species of Pila found in Thailand. Studies on the taxonomy of both genera are very limited, as well as information on their distribution in Indonesia. ...
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Golden apple snail (GAS) history, taxonomy, control efforts, and country by country status in 2006, including South and Southeast Asia and Hawai'i.
... Its spread in Java was confirmed in the following years by Van Benthem Jutting (1956). Amerianna carinata was subsequently reported from Thailand by Brandt (1974), Nigeria by Brown (1983), and the Lesser Antilles by Pointier (1996). ...
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A previous confirmed report of the planorbid genus Amerianna from India was limited to the description of a new species, Bulinus indicus, from Pune, Maharashtra. Later, this species was recognised as Amerianna carinata. This study provides the first molecular data of Amerianna obtained from India, as well as the first confirmed report of its presence in southern India. Based on a BLAST query of a cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequence (cox1), the Indian material (Kochi, Kerala) showed 99.2% similarity with an Amerianna sp. from New Guinea, thus suggesting conspecificity. Owing to the tentative taxonomic status of the genus, extensive revision is required in order for the species status of the study material to be resolved.
... 4. More species may occur on Sabah's coast. For identification we advise Abbott (1958), Brandt (1974, Van Benthem Jutting (1956), andZilch (1967). ...
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