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Iranian Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 2014
17
1 (1) 17-26
Effect of wood betony (Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl) extract on some
serum biochemical changes and acute stress response in juvenile
common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
S Bahrami Babaheydari, S Dorafshan, F Paykan Heyrati and N Mahboobi Soofiani
Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
Received: March 2014 Accepted: July 2014
Abstract
The effects of four different levels of wood beto-
ny (WB) (Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl) extract (0,
2, 4 and 8% W/W in the diet) were investigated on
some serum enzymatic activities and acute stress re-
sponse of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio).
After 10 weeks post feeding, two groups of fish (0
and 8% WB) were subjected to handling and crowd-
ing stress and the stress responses including serum
cortisol, glucose and some electrolytes (Na+, K+
and Ca+2) levels were assayed. The results revealed
that the fish fed on 8% WB had significantly lower
levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alanine
transaminase (ALT) compared to the control group
(P<0.05). Although cortisol and glucose levels were
increased significantly shortly after stress (P<0.05),
the elevation level was significantly lower for fish
fed on 8% WB (P < 0.05). In control group, sodium
level decreased (P < 0.05) at 3 h post stress but did
not show any change in 8% WB (P > 0.05). The
potassium and calcium levels showed insignificant
fluctuations post stress (P>0.05). Dietary inclusion
of WB seems to improve liver function and response
to acute stress in juvenile common carp.
Keywords: stress, enzyme activity, ion regulation,
wood betony, common carp.
Introduction
Fish cultivation under intensive conditions has been
increased all around the world. High rearing den-
sities, poor water quality, weighing, transportation
and grading are common stressors which can both
affect fish welfare and increase the risk of disease
under intensive fish cultivation. Different levels of
stress reactions has been well-defined in fish includ-
ing primary (hormonal response), secondary (meta-
bolic and haematological changes) and tertiary as a
last stage which leads to exhaustion, growth decline
or death (Barton 2002). Urbinati & Carnerio (2001)
defined handling as a practice including chasing,
capture and exposing the fish to air which can cause
explicit physiological and endocrinological respons-
es in fish. Dobšikova, Svobodova, Blahova, Modra
& Velišek (2006) observed that 12 h transportation
could cause significant changes in some biochemical
and haematological indices of three years old com-
mon carp. However, McCormick, Shrimpton, Car-
ey, O’Dea, Sloan, Moriyama & Björnsson (1988)
found out that handling stress decreased growth rate
of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Different practic-
es such as water quality optimization, optimal fish
density and administration of natural or synthetic
compounds could be used to improve fish resistance
to stressor. Synthetic feed additives have some ad-
verse effects such as bioaccumulation and environ-
mental pollution. Due to these problems, much more
attention has been focused on the use of medicinal
plants in aquaculture (Citarasu 2010; Chakraborty
& Hancz 2011). Most of the studies about the effect
of using herbal biomedicine in aquaculture has been
focused on their application such as growth pro-
moter, immune stimulator or antipathogenic agent
in different cultivated fish species like African cat-
fish (Clarias gariepinus) (Dada & Ikuerowo 2009;
Soosean, Marimuthu & Sudhakaran 2010), Tilapia
Correspondence S Dorafshan, Department of Natural
Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
(e-mail: sdorafshan @cc.iut.ac.ir)
18
(Orechromis mossambicus) (Immanuel, Uma &
Iyapparaj 2009), common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
(Alishahi, Ranjbar & Ghorbanpour 2010; Pakravan,
Hajimoradloo & Ghorbani 2012) and olive flounder
(Paralichthys olivaceus) (Cho & Lee 2012). How-
ever, little information is available on the effects of
herbs on stress responses in fish (Xie, Liu, Zhou,
Su, He, Pan, Ge & Xu 2008; Shahsavani, Baghshani
& Alishahi 2010). Wood betony (Stachys lavandu-
lifolia Vahl) which has been belonged to family
Lamiaceae, is grown in many parts of Iran, Turkey,
Iraq, Syria, Armenia as well as Georgia (Javidnia,
Mojab & Mojahedic 2004). Fresh and dried areal
parts such as leaves, flowers and roots have been
used as traditional drugs for treatment of wounds
and bruises, mouth ulcers, gum inflammations (Ody
1997) as well as treating arthritis and respiratory
inflammatory disorders (Rezazadeh, Zaringhalam,
Manaheji & Kebryaeezadeh 2009). Alkanoids (in-
cluding stachydrine and trigonelline), tannins, sa-
ponines, nicotinic acid, polyphenols, organosulfids
and steroids are the main components of wood bet-
ony (Vundac, Brantner & Plazibat 2007). Some of
the Stachys components’ have shown a variety of
biological activities (Chakraborty & Hancz 2011;
Ghasemi Pirbalouti, Jahanbazi, Enteshari, Malek-
poor & Hamedi 2010). The biological activity of
WB has not yet been studied in fish. Moreover, the
ability of herbal biomedicine on osmoregulation
and stress response has not been studied seriously.
Hence, this study was aimed to evaluate the effects
of dietary inclusion of WB extract on some serum
biochemical characteristics and stress responses in
juvenile common carp, which has been exposed to
handling and crowding stress.
Materials and Methods
Fish
Two hundred and fifty juvenile common carp (35
± 5.2 g) were obtained from Isfahan Fish Propaga-
tion and Breeding Center in summer 2012. The fish
were kept under environmental condition, placed in
10 m3 rectangular concrete tanks for 2 weeks for ac-
climatisation. Then, they fed on a commercial carp
feed (Isfahan Mokkamel, Iran) with proximate com-
position (wet basis %) as the following conditions:
humidity (9.2%), protein (32%), lipid (10.2%) and
ash (11.1%). These amounts were obtained based
on our analyses (data not shown).
Plant extract
In spring 2012, the Wood betony aerial parts includ-
ing flowers and leaves were collected from natural
habitat, Isfahan province. The plants were delivered
to the Central Herbarium of Isfahan University of
Technology, Department of Natural Resources for
final identification and analyses. Hydro-alcoholic
plant extraction was done based on Ghasemi Pir-
balouti et al. (2010) with some modification. Brief-
ly, aerial parts of the plants were washed thoroughly
with distilled water and dried at room temperature
under shading. Then, the plants were grounded
into powder. A 100 g of powdered plant material
was soaked in 500 mL of ethanol (75%) for 48 h,
shacked vigorously to allow for proper extraction.
After filtering of the extract through Whatman pa-
per no. 1, filtrate was concentrated using a rotary
evaporator at 50 ˚C. Finally, 20 mL of concentrated
liquid extract was obtained from l00 g of the plant
powder; each mL of the concentrated extract was
almost equal to 5 g of the plant powder.
Feed preparation and feeding trails
In order to prepare the diets, the commercial pel-
let diet was crushed and mixed with the appropri-
ate WB liquid extract concentration (the extract
volumes were adjusted by adding distilled water to
final volume of 100 mL for each kg of diet), remade
into the pellets, were allowed to be dried for 72 h
at room temperature and then stored at refrigerator
until it was used. After 2 weeks of acclimatization,
180 individual fish (44±0.62 g) were randomly di-
vided into four groups, with three replicate each.
The first treatment was fed on normal diet without
S. lavandulifolia and kept as control group. The sec-
ond, third, and fourth ones were fed on normal diet
containing 2, 4 and 8 % of S. lavandulifolia, respec-
tively (defined as 2 WB, 4 WB and 8 WB). Each
replicate contained 15 individuals in a fibereglass
tank (110 L water volume, 50% renewed each day).
S Bahrami Babaheydari et al., Effect of wood betony extract on stress response in carp
Iranian Journal of Aquatic Animal Health
19
Water quality was monitored throughout the exper-
imental period at daily intervals; temperature 25 ±
1°C, pH 7.21 ± 0.5 and dissolved oxygen concentra-
tion at 7.5 ± 0.06 mg L-1. Fish were fed frequently
on a diet of 32% crude protein (CP) at a rate of 2%
body weight, three times a day for 70 days.
Stress challenge
The stress challenge was performed according to
Tahmasebi-Kohyani, Keyvanshokooh, Nematolla-
hi, Mahmoudi & Pasha-Zanoosi (2011) with some
modifications. Briefly, at the end of 10 weeks, 30
fish from control and 8 WB were subjected to stress
challenge. For this purpose, the fish were remained
on experimental diets and acclimatized for 1 week
as defined before. After the acclimation period,
three fish per tank were removed for sampling (time
0) prior to subjecting the remaining fish in the tank
to an acute stress. The stress consisted of netting the
remaining fish from the tank, holding them out of
water for 5 min, and then crowded at an approxi-
mate density of 150 g L-1 in a plastic mesh bucket
in their original tank for 3 h without any aeration or
water exchange. The experimental fish were sam-
pled after 1 h of crowding, as they were released
from the crowding stress (3 h) and at 8, 24, and 48 h.
Blood sampling and biochemical analysis
At the end of the 10-week experiment, for biochem-
ical analyses, at least 3 fish from each replicate were
anaesthetized with clove powder (100 ppm) and
blood sampling (1.5-3 mL) was performed individ-
ually from caudal puncture. The blood was centri-
fuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min and the supernatant
serum was collected. The serum was kept frozen at
-80 °C until analyses for enzymatic activity of lac-
tate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase
(AST), alkaline phosphatise (ALP), and alanine
transaminase (ALT) activities (Peyghan & Azary
Takamy 2002).
To evaluate the stress response of the fish, they were
captured with minimal disturbance at the time de-
scribed above (stress challenge). Cortisol and glu-
cose levels were determined using radioimmunoas-
say method (Immunotech, France) and colorimetric
glucose oxidize procedure (Benfey & Biron 2000).
The ions levels were assayed based on Braun, Lima,
Baldisserotto, Dafre & Nuner (2010).
Statistical analysis
Statistical analysis was performed by one way ANO-
VA at 5% significant level. A multiple comparison
test (Duncan multiple range test, DMRT) was con-
ducted to compare the statistically significant dif-
ferences among the groups using SPSS Version19.
Values were presented as mean ± standard errors.
To evaluate the differences between stress related
analysed parameters at the same time between two
experimented groups, paried T-test was utilized.
Results
At the end of the experiment (10 weeks), levels of
serum ALP and AST did not change significantly
among groups (P>0.05). LDH showed significant
decrease in group of fish fed on 8% WB (256.25
±40.30 UL-1) compared to control group (605.5±
78.98 UL-1) plus other groups treatments (Table 1;
P<0.05).
The levels of ALT were in the range of 3.5-8.25
UL -1 (Table 1). Inclusion of WB in the diet, high-
er than 2% could decline ALT level significantly
(Table 1; P<0.05). Regarding the stress challenges,
the fish treated by control diet had an initial cortisol
level of 9.23 ng mL-1 which rose significantly to 27
ng mL-1 at 1 h and reduced to 16 ng mL-1 at 3 h and
remained in a plateau state without any significant
changes until 48 h (Fig. 1).
The fish fed on 8% WB had an initial cortisol level at
6.53 ng mL-1 which increased significantly to 18.66
ng mL-1 after 1h and then reduced to 12.2 ng mL-1
which were similar to basal level after 8 h (Fig. 1).
Cortisol level showed very limited changes during
8-48 h post stress in 8WB group (Fig. 1). In general,
the hormone levels were higher in fish fed control
diet than that of 8 % WB (Fig. 1). However, only
significant differences were observed 1 h and 8 h
post-stress (Fig. 1; P<0.05). Glucose concentrations
in fish fed control diet were 62.66 mg dL-1 which
significantly rose up to 157 and 264 mg dL-1at 1 h
and 3 h, respectively (Fig. 2; P<0.05).
20
As Figure 1 illustrates, the glucose level did not re-
turn to the basal level until 48 h post-stress (P<0.05).
In fish treated with 8% WB, the initial glucose level
was reported as 59.33 mg dL-1, that is very similar
to those which have been measured in control group
(Fig. 1; P > 0.05). The glucose concentration was el-
evated in a very gradual route and reached to 96 and
146.66 mg dL-1 at 1 and 3 h post-stress, respectively
(Fig. 1). Similar to those reported for control group,
the glucose level for 8WB fish did not changed sig-
nificantly during 3h to 48h (Fig. 1; P > 0.05). At all
intervals, the glucose levels were higher in control
group compared to 8 WB, but significant differenc-
es were only observed at 1, 3 and 8 h post-stress
(Fig. 2; P < 0.05). At both treatments prior to stress
induction, serum sodium concentrations were 156
mmol L-1 in fish. In control group, the sodium level
dropped to the lowest level at 3 h, then elevated to
initial level throughout the experiment (Fig. 3A).
In fish fed on 8% WB, the sodium level did not
change significantly during the experiment (time 0
to 48h; Fig. 3A; P > 0.05). In all sampling times, the
sodium levels in fish fed on 8% WB were higher
than those of measured in control group (Fig. 3A),
but these differences were insignificant (Fig. 3A;
P>0.05). For control group, the potassium and cal-
cium levels were in the range of 0.53-0.73 and 2.55-
3 mmol/L, respectively and did not show any sig-
nificant differences during the sampling time (Fig.
3B, C; P > 0.05). Similar to the control group, the
concentration of potassium and calcium levels were
too low, that is, in the range of 0.6-1 and 2.81-2.94
mmol/L, respectively. The concentrations of these
ions did not change throughout the experiment (Fig.
3B, C; P > 0.05). At the most sampling time, the
potassium and calcium levels for fish fed on 8WB
were higher than those measured for control fish
(Fig. 3B, C) without any significant differences
Variable (U/L-1)* Control (0) 2% 4% 8%
ALP 87.75 ± 6.68a81.75 ± 11.23a80.50 ± 6.68a78.50 ± 1.19a
AST 178.00 ± 51.96a115.00 ± 35.12a114.50 ± 17.93a70.75 ± 11.98a
LDH 605.50 ± 78.98a580.25 ± 106.08a557.00 ± 102.10a256.25 ± 40.30b
ALT 8.25 ± 1.60a6.75 ± 0.75ab 4.75 ± 0.85bc 3.50 ± 0.28c
Table 1 Serum enzymes (UL) in common carp fed different levels of dietary wood betony extract for 10 weeks
Alkaline phosphatase, ALP; asparate transaminase, ASP; lactate dehydrogenase, LDH and alanine transaminase, ALT. Values are mean
± SEM. Mean values with different superscripts are significantly different from each other (P<0.05).
Figure 1 Serum cortisol (ng mL-1) levels of common carp sub-
jected to acute handling followed by 3 h of crowding stress in
fish fed the control and 8% diets. Data are presented as mean
± standard error as error bars; Significant differences between
different time of blood sampling in the same group (P<0.05;
Duncan test) or between two groups (0 and 8% of WB) at the
same time (P<0.05; t-test) are indicated by unlike letters, and
*,respectively.
Figure 2 Serum glucose (mg dL-1) levels of Common carp sub-
jected to acute handling followed by 3 h of crowding stress in
fish fed the control and 8% diets. Data are presented as mean
± standard error as error bars; Significant differences between
different time of blood sampling in the same group (P < 0.05;
Duncan test) or between two groups (0 and 8% of WB) at the
same time (P < 0.05; t-test) are indicated by unlike letters and
*, respectively.
S Bahrami Babaheydari et al., Effect of wood betony extract on stress response in carp
Iranian Journal of Aquatic Animal Health
21
(Fig. 3B, C; P > 0.05).
Discussion
Many research works have been conducted on the
use of different herbal medicines in aquaculture both
in finfish (Chakraborty & Hancz 2011) and shellfish
species (Citarasu 2010). Despite many studies have
been investigated the effects of dietary phytochem-
ical on growth or immunity parameters, less infor-
mation is available about the use of these environ-
mental friendly compounds such as anti-stress agent
in aquaculture industry. Different stressors can in-
fluence hypothalamus- pituitary- internal axis of the
aquatics, mainly fish like other vertebrates and im-
pact on dynamic balance of organisms. In this study,
at least the level of two serum enzymes including
LDH and ALT were significantly reduced by inclu-
sion of 8 % WB in the diet of carp. Also fish fed
with 2% and 4% WB had a tendency of decrease in
these enzymes. None significant decreasing pattern
was also reported for ALP and AST by elevating the
WB in the diet. Although mentioned enzymes have
been obtained in different tissues such as heart, skel-
etal muscle and kidneys in vertebrates, liver usual-
ly considered as a main source of these enzymes.
Also, the elevation of these enzymes in fish serum,
in response to exogenous compounds such as food
additive and heavy metals, may be considered as
an indication for liver dysfunction (Talas & Gulhan
2009). The decline of some serum enzyme at least
in groups received the highest dose of WB could
explain potential benefit of wood betony for fish
welfare by improving liver function. Recently, Yıl-
maz, Ergün & Çelik (2013) revealed the positive ef-
fects of dietary thyme (Thymus vulgaris), rosemary
(Rosmarinus officinalis) and fenugreek (Trigonella
foenum graecum) on some physiological character-
istics of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). The fish
fed on these medicinal herbal extracts had better liv-
er function, which has been evaluated as lower total
liver fat, visceral fat index and hepatosomatic in-
dex (HSI). Some researchers (e.g., Cho, Lee, Park,
Ji, Lee, Bae & Oh 2007; Zheng, Tan, Liu, Zhou,
Xiang & Wang 2009) conducted experiments with
channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, fed a basal diet
containing Greek oregano, Origanum heracleoti-
cum essential oil and olive flounder, Paralichthys
olivaceus, fed diets supplemented with green tea,
Camellia sinensis, respectively and showed signifi-
Figure 3 The effects of dietary wood betony extract on some
ion concentrations Na+ (A), K+ (B) and Ca++ (C) in common
carp exposed to acute handling followed by 3 h of crowding
stress. Data are presented as mean ± standard error as error
bars; Significant differences between different time of blood
sampling in the same group (P<0.05; Duncan test) is indicated
by unlike letters.
22
cant improvement in the fish liver function. Further-
more, Srinivasan (2005) reported different active
compounds of herbs stimulated digestion, accom-
panied by enhanced bile acid concentration, stim-
ulated the pancreas, and increased the secretion of
digestive enzyme activities in chicken broilers. It is
possible that different antioxidant compounds avail-
able in the wood betony extract can influence liver
function in fish. Frankiˇc, Voljˇc, Salobir & Rezar
(2009) reported that antioxidants enhance the syn-
thesis of bile acids in the liver; However, due to the
limited scientific data about the effect of herbal bio-
medicine on liver enzyme activity (Xie et al. 2008),
more research is needed to expand our knowledge
concerning the physiological mechanisms of fish
phenomenon.
It is well-documented that fish like other vertebrate
try to cope stress by changing some biochemi-
cal compositions such as blood cortisol, glucose
as well as different ions (Fevolden & Roed 1993;
Barton 2002). Cortisol elevation usually considered
as a first smart signal for fish under stress (Hsieh,
Chen & Kuo 2003). The blood cortisol level of
common carp was as low as 10-20 ng mL-1 before
stress challenge, abruptly increased just 1 h after
stress exposure, and the sharply decreased to bas-
al level at 3 or 8 h. Regardless, the pattern of the
hormone changes, the blood cortisol levels of fish
fed on 8% WB apparently reported lower than the
control group in the most time intervals. This indi-
cates that WB can mitigate cortisol charge, which
is motivated by handing stress. These findings are
in conformity with the report of Xie et al. (2008)
on common carp. Blood glucose elevations imply
to stress usually considered as atypical secondary
stress response (Barton & Iwama 1991). Usually,
the major reason for blood glucose rise is dissimila-
tion and dissolution of liver glycogen for providing
energy during stress process, caused by elevation
of different hormone level, especially in cortisol
(Hsieh et al. 2003). The current study indicated that
blood glucose levels increased significantly after
stress and reached the highest concentration at 3 h;
2 h after highest level of blood cortisol level. None-
theless, the augmentation of blood sugar in fish fed
on 8% WB was much lower than control group in-
dicating that WB could also assuage blood glucose
load probably because of the hormone diminish.
Significant reduction in serum glucose levels were
also reported for Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambi-
cus) fed on diet supplemented from four different
medicinal plant (Immanuel et al. 2009) and com-
mon carp received diet containing rhubarb (Rheum
officinale) extract (Xie et al. 2008). Ion concentra-
tions could be used deliberately as a useful tool to
evaluate secondary stress response in fish. It is un-
der control of several neuroendocrine pathways in
fish which some of them are similar to those affect
stress responses. It is well understood that releasing
cathecholamines and cortisol can modify ion reg-
ulations (McCormick 2001). In this study, the ion
concentration level leaved unaffected in both con-
trol and 8WB all tested interval. However, the only
exception was lower sodium concentration of the
control fish at 3 h in comparison to time zero which
may show some positive effects of dietary WB on
sodium regulation in common carp. Nevertheless,
the ion disturbance in fish, after stress exposure,
has been influenced by several factors such as type
of stress, stress intensity, duration, and fish species
(Barton 2002; Tejpal, Pal, Sahu, Kumar, Muthappa,
Vidya & Rajan 2009). Based on our knowledge, the
effects of dietary phytochemical on ion regulatory
capacity of fish are poorly understood (Immanuel et
al. 2009) and further research is needed in order to
find out the exact mechanisms.
In conclusion, the findings of this study indicated
that a dietary addition of wood betony could im-
prove some of the physiological conditions of com-
mon carp. Thus, this study provides a new perspec-
tive for the use of medicinal herbs, which can be
added to fish feed literature. Wood betony contain-
ing a number of different active components, which
possibly play an important role in improving organ
function and stress responses. However, the mech-
anism by which this occurs needs further and more
detailed research.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank to Isfahan Aquatic
S Bahrami Babaheydari et al., Effect of wood betony extract on stress response in carp
Iranian Journal of Aquatic Animal Health
23
Propagation and Breeding Center for supplying fish.
This research was supported with funding from the
Isfahan University of Technology under grant num-
ber 502.90.53949 awarded by Dr. Salar Dorafshan.
We also thank Dr. Yazdan Keivany for reviewing
the manuscript.
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26
ﻰﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﯿﺑ ىﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻰﺧﺮﺑ ﺮﺑ (Stachys lavandulifolia) ﻰﻫﻮﮐ ىﺎﭼ هرﺎﺼﻋ ﺮﺛا
ناﻮﺟ(Cyprinus carpio) ﻰﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ رﻮﭙﮐ رد دﺎﺣ سﺮﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ و مﺮﺳ
3ﻰﻧﺎﯿﻓﻮﺻ ﻰﺑﻮﺒﺤﻣ ﷲاﺮﺼﻧ و 2ﯽﺗﺮﯿﺣ نﺎﮑﯿﭘ ﻪﻤﻃﺎﻓ ،*2
نﺎﺸﻓارد رﻻﺎﺳ ،1ىرﺪﯿﺣﺎﺑﺎﺑ ﻰﻣاﺮﻬﺑ ﺪﻤﺻ
ناﺮﯾا ،نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ،نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ﯽﺘﻌﻨﺻ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،تﻼﯿﺷ هوﺮﮔ ،ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ ﻪﺘﺧﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد 1
ناﺮﯾا ،نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ،نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ﯽﺘﻌﻨﺻ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،تﻼﯿﺷ هوﺮﮔ ،رﺎﯾدﺎﺘﺳا 2
.ناﺮﯾا ،نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ،نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ﯽﺘﻌﻨﺻ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،تﻼﯿﺷ هوﺮﮔ دﺎﺘﺳا 3
هﺪﯿﮑﭼ
و ﻰﻣﺮﺳ ىﺎﻫ ﻢﯾﺰﻧآ ﻰﺧﺮﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺮﺑ هﺮﯿﺟ رد ﺪﺻرد 8 و 4 ،2 ،0 ﻞﻣﺎﺷ (Stachys lavandulifolia) ﻰﻫﻮﮐ ىﺎﭼ هرﺎﺼﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ رﺎﻬﭼ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ
8 و 0) هوﺮﮔ 2 ،ﻪﺘﻔﻫ 10 تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻰﻫداﺬﻏ هرود نﺎﯾﺎﭘ رد .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻰﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ (Cyprinus carpio) ناﻮﺟ ﻰﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ رﻮﭙﮐ رد دﺎﺣ سﺮﺘــﺳا ﻪﺑ ﺦــﺳﺎﭘ
ﻰﺧﺮﺑ حﻮﻄﺳ و ﺰﮐﻮﻠﮔ ،لوﺰﯿﺗرﻮﮐ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ مﺮﺳ ﻰﺳﺮﺘﺳا ىﺎﻫ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ و ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻢﮐاﺮﺗ و ىرﺎﮑﺘــﺳد سﺮﺘــﺳا ضﺮﻌﻣ رد (ﻰﻫﻮﮐ ىﺎﭼ هرﺎﺼﻋ ﺪﺻرد
تﺎﺘﮐﻻ زا ىﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ىراد ﻰﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ﻰﻫﻮﮐ ىﺎﭼ هرﺎﺼﻋ ﺪﺻرد 8 ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻰﻧﺎﯿﻫﺎﻣ .ﺪﺷ ﻰﺑﺎﯾزرا (Ca2+ و Na+ ، K+) ﺎﻫ ﺖﯿﻟوﺮﺘﮑﻟا
ﺰﮐﻮﻠﮔ و لوﺰﯿﺗرﻮﮐ ناﺰﯿﻣ ،ﻰﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ هوﺮﮔ ود ﺮﻫ رد .(P<0/05) ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ هوﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ رد ار (ALT) زﺎﻨﯿﻤﺴﻧاﺮﺗ ﻦﯿﻧﻻآ و (LDH) زﺎﻧژورﺪﯿﻫد
زا ىﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ،ﻰﻫﻮﮐ ىﺎﭼ هرﺎﺼﻋ ﺪﺻرد 8 ىوﺎﺣ هﺮﯿﺟ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ نﺎﯿﻫﺎﻣ دﻮﺟو ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ ،(P<0/05) ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا سﺮﺘﺳا زا ﺲﭘ ﻰﮐﺪﻧا تﺪﻣ مﺮﺳ
ﻰﻟﺎﺣ رد (P<0/05) ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ سﺮﺘﺳا زا ﺲﭘ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ 3 ﻢﯾﺪﺳ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ هوﺮﮔ رد (P<0/05) . ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ هوﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ رد ار ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ ود ﻦﯾا
و ﻢﯿﺳﺎﺘﭘ ،ﻰﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ىﺎﻫ وﺮﮔ زا ﮏﯾ ﭻﯿﻫ رد .(P>0/05) ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻰﻫﻮﮐ ىﺎﭼ هرﺎﺼﻋ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ نﺎﯿﻫﺎﻣ مﺮﺳ ﻢﯾﺪﺳ ناﺰﯿﻣ رد ىراد ﻰﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻪﮐ
دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ىدوﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ ﻰﻫﻮﮐ ىﺎﭼ هرﺎﺼﻋ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺳر ﻰﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .(P>0/05) دﺮﮑﻧ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ سﺮﺘﺳا ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ مﺮﺳ ﻢﯿﺴﻠﮐ
.دﻮﺷ ﻰﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ رﻮﭙﮐ ناﻮﺟ نﺎﯿﻫﺎﻣ رد سﺮﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ و ﺪﺒﮐ
.ﻰﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ رﻮﭙﮐ ،ﻰﻫﻮﮐ ىﺎﭼ ،ﻰﻧﻮﯾ ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ ،ﻰﻤﯾﺰﻧآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ،سﺮﺘﺳا :ىﺪﯿﻠﮐ ىﺎﻫ هژاو
sdorafshan@cc.iut.ac.ir :لﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ*
