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... Preliminary research by Stansfield and Ricket (1970) suggested the RBD spatial pattern as a linear aggregation of restaurant facilities, various food stalls, candy shops, and gift shops that serve the shopping needs of visitors [9]. Taylor (1975) suggests that the RBD must have at least 50% of the total recreational service facilities, including restaurants, hotels, and shops [10]. Not much different from before, Buttler (1991) put forward the sign that RBD is associated with areas with catering, entertainment, hotel, and retail facilities [11]. ...
... Preliminary research by Stansfield and Ricket (1970) suggested the RBD spatial pattern as a linear aggregation of restaurant facilities, various food stalls, candy shops, and gift shops that serve the shopping needs of visitors [9]. Taylor (1975) suggests that the RBD must have at least 50% of the total recreational service facilities, including restaurants, hotels, and shops [10]. Not much different from before, Buttler (1991) put forward the sign that RBD is associated with areas with catering, entertainment, hotel, and retail facilities [11]. ...
... According to Stansfield & Rickert (1970), tourism-forming facilities are dominated by types of accommodation and other needs closely related to visitors' needs in tourist areas [9]. In addition to the above categories of facilities, Taylor (1975) in He Zhu et al. (2015) suggests that accommodation, for example, a hotel is a type of facility that belongs to the RBD, apart from restaurants or shops. According to Jansen-Verbeke, tourism facilities consist of three elements: Primary, Secondary, and Conditional [17]. ...
The development of the Mandalika Area in Central Lombok Regency is closely related to the determination of the Mandalika Special Economic Zone (SEZ) and the operation of the Mandalika International Circuit. Regional development is seen through the emergence of business districts which are marked by the mushrooming of facilities spatially to form a Recreational Business District (RBD) spatial pattern with three components, namely Large Shopping Center (LSC), Commercial Pedestrian Street (CPS), and Urban Leisure Area (ULA). The results show those are predominantly located in coastal areas with rather steep terrain. The shape of the landscape, combining coastal regions with an altitude of <100 masl and a slope of 2-15%, is suitable for constructing RBD facilities. The Kuta Beach business area exhibits diverse terrain, including flat coastal areas, sloping coasts, and steep mountains. The dominant RBD components align with plantations/gardens, fields, and grasslands, providing convenient access to construction materials and lowering transportation costs. Although RBD development is increasing near the beach, it remains minimal compared to the large available land. This abundance of land is highly suitable for developing recreational business facilities. The discussion highlights the suitable coastal terrain, favorable geological and soil conditions can reduce construction costs and complexity, then access to construction materials in the Kuta Beach area for RBD development. The diverse terrain forms and land availability further support the construction of recreational business facilities. To ensure sustainability, implementing green infrastructure and sustainable land use practices must be considered to minimize environmental risks.
... The term RBD, which was suggested by Stansfield and Rickert (1970), has been extensively used in the literature (Taylor 1975;Pigram 1977;Meyer-Arendt 1987, 1990Smith 1992;Weaver 1993;Brent 1997;Bao and Gu 1998;Andriotis, 2003;Li and Tao 2003;Boniface and Cooper 2005;Battino et al. 2014;Liu 2014;Zhu et al. 2015Zhu et al. , 2017. However, several authors used different terms to conceptualize the tourist and visitor-oriented business districts. ...
... Niagara Falls was studied by Getz (1993), who unlike Stansfield, proposed the concept of TBD to express tourism-related business districts. Taylor (1975), in his study in East London Seaside (South Africa), classified RBDs according to their functions and stated that at least 50 percent of the shops in these areas should consist of businesses that provide services to tourists. Meyer-Arendt (1990) studied seasides along the Gulf of Mexico, and Pearce (2001) studied the city of Christchurch (New Zealand). ...
... Stansfield and Rickert (1970) stated that this linear form developed similarly in the cities of Niagara Falls and Wildwood. Taylor (1975) considered an elongated-strip as the most distinctive spatial distribution of RBDs, which is also illustrated in the case study of an East London seaside resort in South Africa (Taylor 1975). Meyer-Arendt (1990) studied RBDs in the Gulf of Mexico seaside resorts and found that lateral expansion of coastal roads often led to RBD elongation, but RBD core areas usually remained as the central focus of tourist activity. ...
Coastal resorts, whose dominant economic activities are those of providing an array of recreational services to tourists, reflect this specialization in their land-use patterns. Therefore, the business districts in coastal resorts have a unique morphology, landscape, and land use. However, the literature reflects that there is limited attention to the tourism business districts (TBDs) that have developed in coastal resorts. Moreover, few empirical studies have been conducted in developing countries, such as Thailand, China, and Turkey, as well as developed ones such as United States, Canada, and Italy. This study discusses the TBDs located in Turkey’s coastal resorts in terms of location, form, and function. The findings are presented statistically, and detailed maps are presented to explain the TBDs from a geographical and practical perspective. In this study, ArcGIS 10.5 software has been used to perform spatial analysis of the data. The main findings include that Turkish TBDs have similar characteristics in terms of location, form, and function competed to other coastal resorts worldwide. Therefore, it is possible to say that these similar features constitute a model in terms of land use. In addition, the statistical findings of the study are largely similar to those found in the literature.
... Defining the tourism business district as "tourism facilities", Taylor (1975), in short, stated that the businesses that directly serve the tourists within the sectors that make up the tourism business district should not be less than 50% of the total business. On the other hand, Stansfield & Rickert (1970) determined that directly tourism-oriented (food and beverage, entertainment facilities, and gift shops) commercial businesses in the three cities (Ocean City, Wildwood, and Niagara Falls) they examined in their field research made up 70,8%, 77% and 92,7% of the total recreational business districts, respectively. ...
... 2) Another characteristic of tourism business districts is that these districts include tourism-oriented businesses directly. Taylor (1975) stated that this ratio should not be less than 50%. While Stansfield & Rickert (1970) determined these rates to be 70,8% in Ocean City, 77% in Central Wildwood, and 92,7% in Ontario-Niagara Falls, Akengin & Dinç (2020a) determined these rates to be 51% in Alanya and 51% in Side. ...
Tourism urbanization is a consumption-based urbanization model, which is unusual in terms of urbanization history. For this reason, it is necessary to discuss the concrete reflections of tourism urbanization on urban space through city and consumption. The present study aimed to draw the theoretical framework of “land use difference in tourism cities”, which is evaluated within the spatial differentiation parameter as one of the indicators of tourism urbanization. In addition, the study also aimed to put forth conceptual and functional approaches towards the tourism business district. The city of Kuşadası, where the study’s empirical analyzes were carried out, was chosen as the research area in line with these purposes. In the study, first, a meta-analysis of the literature addressing the land use difference in tourism cities was conducted, and a field study was carried out by determining the boundaries of the tourism business district of Kuşadası. Then, the Kuşadası tourism business district map was drawn after making the functional classification of the businesses in the research area. The findings revealed that the Kuşadası tourism business district is appropriate for the models in the literature in terms of form, structure, and functional characteristics.
... Formülde L: uzun ekseni (km), A: çalışma alanını (km 2 ) ifade eder. Formül sonucunun 1 olması şeklin tam daire şeklinde olduğunu, değerin 1'den uzaklaşması ise şeklin eliptik bir özellik kazanmaya başladığını gösterir 35 Dairesellik indisi lc= Literatürde ziyaretçilere zevk, eğlence, haz amacıyla hizmet veren ve büyük ölçüde yeme-içme tesisleri, eğlence yeri, hediyelik eşya dükkanları ve otellerden oluşan turist odaklı ticarethanelerin kümelendiği iş alanları; turizm iş alanı (tourism business district/TBD) (Getz, 1993), eğlence iş alanı (leisure business district/LBD) (Maguire, 1995), merkezi turizm alanı (central tourist district) (Zhu, Liu, Chen, Lin, ve Tao, 2015, s. 1523) rekreasyonel iş alanı (recreational business district/RBD) (Stansfield, 1969, s. 132;Stansfield ve Rickert, 1970, s. 213;Lavery, 1971;Taylor, 1975;Pigram 1977, s. 526;Meyer-Arendt, 1987, s. 24;Meyer-Arendt, 1990, s. 39;Smith, 1992, s. 308;Meyer-Arendt, 1993, s. 312;Weaver, 1993, s RİA konaklama, yeme-içme, hediyelik eşya ve eğlence yerleri gibi rekreasyon odaklı ticarethaneler tarafından domine edilmiş bir ticaret alanı olup çok sayıda ziyaretçiyi kendine çeker (Stansfield ve Rickert, 1970, s. 220;Bao ve Gu, 1998). Literatür rekreasyon odaklı ticarethanelerin RİA'nın unsurlarını oluşturduğu literatürde sıkça ifade eder (Stansfield, 1971a;Meyer-Arendt, 1990;Getz, 1993;Maguire, 1995;Pigram, 1977;Bao ve Gu, 1998 (Liu, 2014, s. 87). ...
Tüketim olgusunun yönlendirdiği kentler, turizm kentleşmesinin önemli örneklerindendir. Bu çalışma turizm kentleşmesinin dinamikleri, yapısı, özellikleri, boyutları, nedenleri, sonuçları ve diğer kentleşme modellerinden farklarını ortaya koyarak Kuşadası özelinde incelemeyi amaçlar. Çalışmanın amacına uygun olarak, yeni ve alışılagelmişin dışında bir yapıya sahip olan turizm kentleşmesi kavramı merkeze alınmıştır.
Çalışmada öncelikle turizm kentleşmesinin kuramsal çerçevesi konu alınmıştır. Teorik bilgilerden sonra alan araştırmasında ilk olarak Kuşadası örneğinde turizm kentleşmesi beş temel parametre aracılığıyla incelenmiştir. Parametreler işlenirken standart başlıklandırma kalıplarının dışına çıkılmış, mümkün olduğunca detaya inilerek turizmin kentleşme üzerinde meydana getirdiği karakteristik unsurlar vurgulanmıştır. Ardından kent ve turizm aktörleri ile ayrıntılı görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Turizm Kuşadası’nda yeni mekânlar üretmiş, var olanları dönüştürmüş, nüfusu artırmış, sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel yapıyı değiştirmiştir. Bu nedenle Kuşadası, turizm kentleşmesi olgusunun temsil kabiliyeti yüksek bir örneğidir.
“Kuşadası’nda turizm kentleşmesi” başlıklı bu tez çalışması, turizm kentleşmesinin yeniliklerini ortaya koyarken, turizmin kentleşme üzerinde nasıl bir etkiye sahip olduğunu, Kuşadası örneğinden yola çıkarak açıklamıştır. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma, farklı disiplinlerle etkileşimli biçimde yürütülen yeni örneklerin de eklenmesiyle, turizm kentleşmesi modelinin oluşturulmasına katkı sağlayacaktır.
Anahtar kelimeler: Kentleşme, turizm, turizm kentleşmesi, Kuşadası
... Stansfield and Ricket in the 1970 had proposed very first time the concept of Urban Recreational Business Districts (RBD), with the theme of "Seasonal Leisure Street in City". Various researchers have worked on the concept of RBD and it's characteristics as development of restaurants, food courts, grocery shops, and novelty beyond the shopping needs of people felt as leisure time to enjoy the healthy recreational facilities [13]. Almost majority of human population feel comfortable in healthy recreational facilities like shopping, visiting hotels, enjoying restaurants' food, and visiting stores that cause a mood change in human life spending activities [14]. ...
Recreational facility is an important part of human life. It attracts people as it offers greater pleasure in life. It develops a strong healthy environment for a better life style of public. Various facilities in recreational area are the source of human comforts. This research investigates the important facilities in a recreational center that affects human physical and mental health. These facilities were identified from literature review, discussion with Planners, Architects and Physician and Physiatrists through unstructured interviews. A detail questionnaire survey was carried out from different age people who visit various recreational facilities in their routine lives. The result concludes that the top three facilities for better physical health are jogging track, gym and fun land however for achieving good mental health, food streets, restaurants and musical zones are the top three important facilities for any recreational facility. This research can be helpful for planner, designer as well as for clients, local Govt. to provides such facilities for a recreational center during planning & designing phase.
... For example, Taylor defined it simply as tourism facilities. He considered that the leisure service facilities of a typical RBD, including restaurants, hotels, and stores, should occupy no less than 50% of the total area, while the spatial distribution should consist of an elongated strip layout, as exemplified by a case study of an East London seaside resort in South Africa (Taylor, 1975). The seaside resort was frequently used as an example case in RBD research (Stansfield, 1969;Pearce, 1989;Meyer-Arendt, 1990). ...
This study has revealed spatial-temporal changes in Recreational Business Districts (RBDs) in Beijing and examined the relationship between the location of urban RBDs and traffic conditions, resident and tourist density, scenic spots, and land prices. A more reasonable classification of urban RBDs (LSC, CPS, and ULA) is also proposed. Quantitative methods such as Gini Coefficient, Spatial Interpolation, Kernel Density Estimation, and Geographical Detector were employed to collect and analyze the data from three types of urban RBDs in Beijing in 1990, 2000, and 2014, respectively, and the spatial-temporal patterns as well as the distribution characteristics of urban RBDs were analyzed using ArcGIS software. It was concluded that (1) both the number and scale of urban RBDs in Beijing have been expanding and the trend for all types of urban RBDs in Beijing to be spatially agglomerated is continuing; (2) the spatial-temporal evolution pattern of urban RBDs in Beijing is “single-core agglomeration–dual-core agglomeration–multi-core diffusion”; and (3) urban RBDs were always located in areas with low traffic density, tourist attractions, high resident and tourist population density, and relatively high land valuations; these factors also affect the scale size of RBDs. © 2015, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research (IGSNRR), Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
... Where the notion of "function" has come into those descriptions it has generally been related to the predominant land use functions within the precinct. One of the earliest characterizations of areas that could now be described as tourism precincts was as "recreational business districts" (Stansfield and Rickerts, 1970;Taylor, 1975), which emphasized a concentration of business activities intended to serve the particular needs of tourists and other recreationalists. Getz (1993a) later used the term "tourism business district" to describe places characterized by fairly eclectic mixes of commercial activities, but all primarily geared to the needs of visitors to a city rather than its residents. ...
Urban tourists seek out and spend a large proportion of their time in tourism precincts. Because tourists are constrained by time, the precincts must perform a variety of functions if tourists are to have a satisfying and fulfilling experience of the city overall (Griffin and Hayllar 2007). To date, however, there have been few attempts to identify and understand these functions. This paper reports on a study of six Sydney precincts - Darling Harbour; The Rocks; Manly; Norton Street; Parramatta and Cronulla - that sought to investigate the functions these precincts performed. Key findings across all precincts are that: tourists are able to distinguish between the different functions being performed by precincts; different types of precincts perform different functions for visitors; and some precincts perform better in meeting the needs of tourists. The paper concludes with a discussion on the implications of the findings for precinct managers.
Tourism development is a useful strategy in historic area renewal, especially for Recreational Business District (RBD) development. However, there is also a challenge in maintaining a balance between protection and development. This study aims to put forward a method to identify the boundary of RBD based on Internet big data in a famous historic area in China. To reconcile heritage conservation with people's behavior, the authors applied a space syntax method to obtain an understanding of space in this historic area and explored the relationship between spatial structure and RBD development based on the axial map in a series of time periods: 1950, 1990, 2002 and 2016. The authors found that RBD has spatial advantages for aggregating people flows and subsequent business in the historic area. Additionally, a positive influence between spatial structure and RBD development was found. Finally, some proposals for balancing between historic preservation and RBD development were put forth.
Tourism geography has developed into a dynamic sub-discipline of contemporary South African geographical scholarship. The investigation provides an overview of the development of South African tourism geography since the early 1970s, and traces its subsequent development. Since the first investigations, tourism geographers had an interest in the developmental potential which the tourism system presents for South Africa. It is shown that recent tourism research is generally framed by concerns for responsible tourism, pro-poor tourism impacts, tourism as a vehicle for local economic development, and the role of small, medium and micro enterprise (SMME) development in the tourism sector. The main contribution of the paper is to propose a range of new investigatory avenues that can build on the current scholarship, and considers potential threats to the future development of South African tourism geography.
Within the body of literature addressing tourism imprints upon the cultural landscape, the recreational business district (RBD) has been identified as a key component of a resort area, and the seaside has been no exception. Comprised of tourist-oriented businesses and historically focused upon the beach, incipient RBDs evolved at seaside termini of railroads, highways, and footpaths. Construction of bathhouses, casinos or beach hotels at these sites was followed by nearby clustering of secondary and tertiary recreational enterprises. Lateral expansion of coastal roads often led to RBD elongation, but RBD core areas usually remained as the central focus of tourist activity. Variations in RBD development have resulted from shifts in beach access corridors and/or ‘redevelopment’ of older resort landscapes. Along the shores of the Gulf of Mexico, the RBD persists as an artifact of the touristic landscape.
The growing attention on urban tourism was very widespread. There are two angles to study urban tourism: supply-side and demand-side.
And the supply-side of the tourism remains very important. The RBD (Recreation Business District) is a useful framework to
understand the components of urban tourism and how they fit together. The paper begins with a review on the RBD and the spatial
structure of tourism in urban areas and then attempts to develop a more general understanding of the spatial structure evolution
of RBDs in a tourist-historic city—Suzhou. The spatial structures and functions of the RBDs in Suzhou are examined, based
on field observations, interviews with city officials and industry leaders, and a review of available documents. The urban
tourism of Suzhou has developed in a range of contexts, that various types of RBDs have emerged as a result of different urban
development strategies. The spatial structure has evolved from the past "Single-cored Structure" to "Double-cored Structure"
at present, and then to "Chain Structure" in the future. The spatial form and evolution of RBD in Suzhou are closely relative
with its urban spatial expansion. Urban area dispersal is the prerequisite of the emergence of the RBD. Planning and constructing
the RBD becomes a new impetus to urban growth or renewal. Finally, a number of strategies for planning and developing the
RBD in Suzhou are suggested. The different RBDs should adopt different strategies. Intensification can be the possible strategy
for the RBDs in the ancient city. Accreting with the urban theme park or engrafting on the Jinji Lake is suggested respectively
for the RBD in the Suzhou New District and the Suzhou Industrial Park.
This case study shows how contrasting planning systems— one regulatory and the other proactive—have resulted in markedly different tourism developments in Niagara Falls (Canada and the United States). In both border cities, older “downtown” areas have been eclipsed; in US Niagara Falls, tourist-oriented facilities and services have been consciously mixed with normal central business land uses, forming a well-defined tourism business district. The nature of such districts is examined, along with tourism and municipal planning issues that influence relative attractiveness and competitiveness. Conclusions are drawn on modeling the tourism business districts and on planning strategies for creating them.RésuméPlanification pour les quartiers de commerce touristique. Cette étude de cas montre comment deux systèmes contrastés de planification— l'un régulateur et l'autre proactif—ont abouti à des aménagements touristiques bien différents aux Chutes du Niagara, au Canada et aux Etats- Unis. Dans ces deux villes frontiéres, les vieux centre-villes ont été surpassées; aux Etats-Unis, les installations, entreprises et services touristiques ont été intégrés intentionnellement aux utilisations foncières ordinaires du quartier commerçant, créant un quartier commerçant touristique bien défini. On examine les caractéristiques de ce genre de quartier et les questions de planification touristique et urbaine qui influencent l'agrément et la compétitivité. On tire des conclusions au sujet des modéles de quartiers commerçants touristiques et des stratégies de planification pour ces quartiers.
Restaurants and dining out are an important part of the tourism industry and are a major business in their own right. They also have characteristics that make a geographical analysis especially pertinent: They require movement through space, there are strong regional variations in patterns of restaurant development, and location is an important factor in the success of a restaurant. This paper examines two aspects of the geography of the restaurant industry in Canada: national patterns of restaurant development and the tendency to dine out, and local patterns of site selection. Basic patterns are described and possible processes influencing these patterns identified. Recommendations are given for the location of new restaurants of different types
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