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Check list of the fishes and fishlike vertebrates of North and Middle America north of the northern boundary of Venezuela and Colombia
... Late 19th and early 20th century attempts to catalog species of trout and char recognized enormous phenotypic variation among populations of related salmonids, and probably because many areas were only first given serious attention by ichthyologists at that time, some local populations or groups of populations were named as different species. Jordan et al. (1930) listed 47 trout or char species from North America, not including Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. or Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar. Following the explosion of species names, researchers recognized a degree of phenotypic plasticity in morphological characters used to define different populations, including spotting patterns and meristic counts of scale rows and vertebrae. ...
... Most major lineages of trout and char have examples of intraspecific names used as a means of cataloguing and describing important intraspecific variation (Table 1). Although taxonomists often recognized the close evolutionary relationship between different groups of populations, in some taxonomic lists, subspecies names are elevated to the level of full species ( Jordan et al. 1930). ...
... stonei). Additional subspecies of trout have also been described from the Kern River of California (Behnke 1992(Behnke , 2002 ( Jordan et al. 1930;Thorgaard et al. 2018;Trotter et al. 2018). A widely referenced, current classification of Cutthroat Trout lists 14 different subspecies, 12 of which have been given scientific names (Behnke 1992(Behnke , 2002. ...
Origins, Species Diversity, and Ecological Diversification in Trout and Char
... The cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii (Richardson, 1836)) is a widely distributed freshwater fish species native to western North America (Behnke 1980(Behnke , 1992. Since first being described by Richardson (1836), numerous common and scientific names have been used to describe different species, subspecies, and populations of this polytypic group (Jordan et al. 1930;La Rivers 1962;Behnke 1965Behnke , 1992Trotter 2008). Current taxonomic classifications list 14 subspecies of cutthroat trout, two of which are thought to be extinct (Behnke 1992;Trotter 2008;Trotter et al. 2018). ...
... The importance of such factors may only become evident with more geographic sampling and study. Cutthroat trout were first described in the scientific literature more than 175 years ago, but its entire distribution and indications of its phenotypic variability were not fully appreciated until decades later (Jordan et al. 1930;La Rivers 1962;Behnke 1992). Descriptions of different subspecies of cutthroat trout began appearing in scientific literature as morphologically variant populations were discovered in newly examined locations (Jordan et al. 1930;Thorgaard et al. 2018). ...
... Cutthroat trout were first described in the scientific literature more than 175 years ago, but its entire distribution and indications of its phenotypic variability were not fully appreciated until decades later (Jordan et al. 1930;La Rivers 1962;Behnke 1992). Descriptions of different subspecies of cutthroat trout began appearing in scientific literature as morphologically variant populations were discovered in newly examined locations (Jordan et al. 1930;Thorgaard et al. 2018). It was not until the late 20th century that a more organized and consolidated grouping of cutthroat trout populations, principally by major watershed boundaries, occurred (Behnke 1979(Behnke , 1992(Behnke , 2002. ...
The cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii (Richardson, 1836)) is one of the most widely distributed species of freshwater fish in western North America. Occupying a diverse range of habitats, they exhibit significant phenotypic variability that is often recognized by intraspecific taxonomy. Recent molecular phylogenies have described phylogenetic diversification across cutthroat trout populations, but no study has provided a range-wide morphological comparison of taxonomic divisions. In this study, we used linear- and geometric-based morphometrics to determine if phylogenetic and subspecies divisions correspond to morphological variation in cutthroat trout, using replicate populations from throughout the geographic range of the species. Our data indicate significant morphological divergence of intraspecific categories in some, but not all, cutthroat trout subspecies. We also compare morphological distance measures with distance measures of mtDNA sequence divergence. DNA sequence divergence was positively correlated with morphological distance measures, indicating that morphologically more similar subspecies have lower sequence divergence in comparison to morphologically distant subspecies. Given these results, integrating both approaches to describing intraspecific variation may be necessary for developing a comprehensive conservation plan in wide-ranging species.
... Dymond (1931Dymond ( , 1932 recognized the redband or "Kamloops" trout of the Upper Fraser River above Hell's Gate and of the Upper Columbia River in British Columbia, as Salmo kamloops. Jordan (1892) originally described it as "Oncorhynchus kamloops" from British Columbia, but later relegated it to a subspecies of S. gairdneri (Jordan and Evermann, 1896) and finally as a synonym of S.gairdneri (Jordan, Evermann, and Clark, 1930). Dymond (1931) also described a new subspecies, the mountain kamloops, S. kamloops whitehousei, as an "extreme" form of the kamloops (or redband) trout, isolated above barrier falls in lakes of the Upper Columbia River Basin in the Selkirk Mountains. ...
... After 1900, Jordan, evidently confused and frustrated over the correct classification of the diverse forms derived from the redband evolutionary line, recognized virtually all described forms as full species. His last opinion (Jordan, Evermann, and Clark, 1930) lists 32 full species of coastal rainbow, redband, and cutthroat trouts. I must admit that the redband group of trout long confused me and frustrated all attempts to develop a logical classification of western trouts reflecting evolutionary relationships. ...
... Jordan (1892) described "Onocorhynchus kamloops" for the "Kamloops" trout native to lakes in the upper Columbia River and Fraser River basins of British Columbia. Later in his life, Jordan (in Jordan, Evermann, and Clark, 1930) recognized many (16) separate species in his classification of rainbow and golden trouts, although he then believed the Kamloops trout of British Columbia was the same (a synonym) of S. gairdneri (the fine-scaled rainbow trout of the Columbia River). Dymond (1932) continued to recognize S. kamloops as a distinct species separate from S. gairdneri. ...
... More specifically, both C. zadockii and L. platostomus share the condition of have pelvic fins positioned slightly closer to the pectoral fins. National d'Histoire Naturelle appears never to have updated the labels for these specimens to show the recommended synonymy of Wiley (1976) and therefore currently shows our recommendation (and that of Jordan et al. 1930) to consider these syntypes as members of Lepisosteus platostomus. These antique tags are an example of how the slow progress of updating museum tags can sometimes work to the advantage of taxonomists. ...
... Duméril does not provide his own measurements in the description of C. zadockii. This error fits with Duméril's reputation as a somewhat sloppy taxonomist as noted in his own time by Jordan (1930): "In a recent work on these fishes, Prof. August Duméril very laboriously distinguishes the following 'species' among the specimens of Lepidosteus in the Museum at Paris…Most of these nominal species are based upon the most trifling individual differences, and often the right side of a specimen indicates one 'species,' and the left another. As the matter stands, we have no alternative but to reject them all, and wait for the time when systematic writers shall be wiser or more honest" (pg. ...
... However, Starks (1911) examined over 60 specimens from the San Juan Islands in Puget Sound, and considered P. aix to be distinct from P. barbata due to its larger eye (5% of length vs. 3.5% of length), less variable mandibular barbel length, and typically two median prepelvic plates. Jordan et al. (1930) recognized both P. barbata and P. aix, stating, with regard to the type material of P. barbata, that ''the locality of Nagasaki also mentioned is impossible'' (Jordan et al., 1930: 394), presumably because they thought the range of the species did not extend south beyond Hokkaido. ...
... The first is the stated locality of ''Nangasaki,'' by which presumably the author meant Nagasaki, a large port city on the East China Sea in southern Japan. However, as first pointed out by Jordan et al. (1930), this locality is highly unlikely. The southernmost locality confirmed for any species of Pallasina examined for this study is near Kurobe in the Sea of Japan, over 500 km to the northeast of Nagasaki. ...
Species of the tubenose poacher genus Pallasina are assessed following examination of over 450 specimens from throughout the Pacific Rim, from the coast of California to the Chukchi Sea and Sea of Japan. The results presented here, including both morphological and mitochondrial DNA datasets, indicate that three species of Pallasina occur in the North Pacific and surrounding seas. Pallasina aix is found in the eastern North Pacific from California to southeast Alaska and in the Salish Sea. It has the shortest barbel of the three species and a unique haplotype in the mitochondrial COI region. Pallasina barbata is the most widespread species, ranging from the Gulf of Alaska to the Chukchi Sea and west to northern Japan. It is distinguished by having a moderate barbel length and can be separated from the other two species using a variety of meristic characters. Pallasina eryngia is found only in the central and northern Japanese Archipelago, and it is a relatively deep-water species. It is distinguished by having a long barbel, as well as relatively high counts of vertebrae and dermal plates. This study presents redescriptions of all three species and a key to their identification.
... Rhinichthys o. carringtoni is a monophyletic group in the Upper Snake, Bear, and Weber rivers, and its taxonomic history typifies the complexities of R. osculus nomenclature (Gilbert and Evermann 1894;Snyder 1905;Jordan et al. 1930). The name was formerly applied to forms found within additional geographic regions, to include the Lahontan Basin and south-central California (Jordan and Evermann 1896). ...
... Rhinichthys has long been recognized as containing a great deal of geographically localized morphological diversity(Jordan and Evermann 1896;Jordan et al. 1930;, with additional diversity identified genetically(Hoekzema and Sidlauskas 2014; Wiesenfeld et al. 2018). This study also highlights as distinct multiplepopulations of R. o. robustus throughout the former Lahontan basin. ...
Evolution occurs at various spatial and temporal scales. For example, speciation may occur in historic time, whereas localized adaptation is more contemporary. Each is required to identify and manage biodiversity. However, the relative abundance of Speckled Dace (Rhinichthys osculus), a small cyprinid fish in western North America (WNA) and the study species for this dissertation, establishes it an atypical conservation target, particularly when contrasted with the profusion of narrowly endemic forms it displays. Yet, the juxtaposition of ubiquity versus endemism provides an ideal model against which to test hypotheses regarding the geomorphic evolution of WNA. More specifically, it also allows the evolutionary history of Speckled Dace to be contrasted at multiple spatial and temporal scales, and interpreted in the context of contemporary anthropogenic pressures and climatic uncertainty. Chapter II dissects the broad distribution of Speckled Dace and quantifies how its evolution has been driven by hybridization/ introgression. Chapter III narrows the geographic focus by interpreting Speckled Dace distribution within two markedly different watersheds: The Colorado River and the Great Basin. The former is a broad riverine habitat whereas the latter is an endorheic basin. Two biogeographic models compare and contrast the tempo and mode of evolution within these geologically disparate habitats. Chapter IV employs a molecular clock to determine origin of Speckled Dace lineages in Death Valley (CA/NV), and to contrast these against estimates for a second endemic species, Devil's Hole Pupfish (Cyprinodon diabolis). While palaeohydrology served to diversify Rhinichthys, its among-population connectivity occurred contemporaneously. These data also provide guidance for assessing the origin of the Devil's Hole Pupfish, a topic of considerable contention.
... Cheonda, Gila, Leuciscus, Squalius, Syndericthys, and Tigoma (Jordan and Gilbert 1881, Jouy 1881, Gilbert and Evermann 1895, Jordan et al. 1930, Miller 1945, Simpson and Wallace 1982. ...
... cope (1870) described two species of dwarf smelt O�me�u� �pec-�pec-t�um and O�me�u� abb�ttii respectively from wilton Pond and cobessicontic Lake (kennebec county, southwestern Maine, Usa) according to eye diameters, head length and scales counts. they further considered these taxa as subspecies of O. m��dax (Jordan and evermann,1896;Jordan et al., 1930), and forgotten in the following checklist published (Lanteigne and Mcallister, 1983). however, considering studies comparing sympatric normal and dwarf smelt populations, Lanteigne and Mcallister (1983) did a morphomeristic analysis on dwarf and normal lacustrine smelts from wilton Pond, Utopia Land heney Lakes, and found that dwarf smelt (or pygmy smelt) differs from O. m��dax by higher gill raker counts, a relatively larger eye and a lower lateral scale counts in addition to a smaller maximum size. ...
Saint-Pierre and Miquelon is a French self-governing overseas territory near the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Seven diadromous species occur in the rivers and ponds of this archipelago: Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur, 1817), Osmerus mordax (Mitchill, 1814), Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814), Apeltes quadracus (Mitchill, 1815), Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, 1758 and Pungitius pungitius (Linnaeus, 1758). For each species, we review nomenclature, give all arguments delineating the taxon according to an integrative approach (morphology, molecular, time divergence, cytogenetics, life traits histories, ecology, ethology, reproductive isolation), as well as their distribution in the archipelago and their IUCN status. We highlight taxonomical issues among O. mordax, S. salar and P. pungitius for which a taxonomical revision is needed. We consider the genus nomen Anguilla Thunberg, 1795 as not available according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Osmerus abbottii Cope, 1870 is now a junior synonym of O. mordax. We handled the invalidation of the names Salvelinus kingi, S. multidentatus and S. angustus which are junior synonym of S. fontinalis. Gasterosteus biaculeatus Mitchill, 1815 is not available. The type locality of Gasterosteus globiceps Sauvage, 1874 cannot be in North America but probably France, we thus agree to consider this nomen as a junior synonym of Pungitius laevis (Cuvier, 1819).
... The genus Pareques Gill in Goode, 1876, was "distinguished, according to Professor Gill, by the development of the spines of the first dorsal fin in normal number, (ten or eleven), as well as other osteological characters." McPhail (1961) stated that " Jordan, Evermann and Clark (1930) listed Pareques as a separate genus, but presented no reasons for this change," and, thus, he gave an appropriate definition for the genus; his work illustrates the skeletal differences between Equetus Rafinesque, 1815 and Pareques, showing clearly that the latter presents 3 interneural spines anterior to the first dorsal fin, whereas Equetus has none; also, Pareques presents the first dorsal fin not filamentous, extending only to the base of the first few rays of the soft dorsal, when depressed, whereas in Equetus it extends to more than half the base of the same fin. ...
Recently, different studies have revealed the existence of complexes of marine fish species of several genera from the Western Atlantic (e.g., Bagre, Peprilus, Bairdiella, Pogonias and Menticirrhus), with a correspondence between recognized species and well-established geographic areas such as the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean, and Brazil, showing the need to improve the taxonomic knowledge of coastal fishes in the region. In this work, we revalidate and redescribe Pareques lineatus (Cuvier, 1830) described from Brazil, and redescribe and designate a neotype to P. acuminatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) to differentiate it properly from its congeners. The recognition of P. acuminatus for the east coast of the USA plus the Gulf of Mexico and of P. lineatus for Brazil, with the West Indies and southern Caribbean as an area of overlap, brings new information about biodiversity in Western Atlantic coastal areas and confirms a previously proposed major biogeographical boundary.
... For more than two centuries the hamlets (Hypoplectrus spp., Perciformes: Serranidae) have intrigued, fascinated, and divided ichthyologists. These reef fishes are distinguished by colour pattern almost exclusively and have been variously described as varieties (Jordan & Eigenmann 1890), colour morphs (Graves & Rosenblatt 1980), morphotypes (Holt et al. 2008), morphospecies (Fischer 1980a), subspecies (Jordan et al. 1930), or species (Lobel 2011). The hamlets are restricted to the tropical northwestern Atlantic including Bermuda, south Florida, the Gulf of Mexico, the West Indies, and all the Caribbean Sea (Aguilar-Perera & González-Salas 2010; Holt et al. 2010). ...
The hamlets (Hypoplectrus spp., Perciformes: Serranidae) constitute a distinctive model system for the study of a variety of ecological and evolutionary processes including the evolution and maintenance of simultaneous hermaphroditism and egg trading, sex allocation, sexual selection, social-trap, mimicry, dispersal, speciation, and adaptive radiation. Addressing such fundamental and complex processes requires a good knowledge of the taxonomy and natural history of the hamlets. Here, we review the taxonomy of the hamlets, from early ichthyological studies to the most recent species description in 2018. We report a total of 72 different binomial names for Hypoplectrus, synonymized or invalidated down to 17 unambiguously recognized species today. In addition, we redescribe Hypoplectrus affinis (Poey, 1861) as a valid species. In Bocas del Toro (Panama), this hamlet is distinct from eight sympatric congeners in terms of colour pattern, body size and behaviour. Whole-genome analysis and spawning observations indicate that it is genetically distinct from sympatric congeners and reproductively isolated through assortative pairing. Based on the colour pattern we detail in its redescription, live-fish photographs, videos, and earlier reports, H. affinis occurs in Panama, Nicaragua, Mexico, the Florida Keys, Cuba, Grand Cayman, Jamaica, the Dominican Republic, Los Roques (Venezuela), Bonaire, and Tobago. We conclude with a discussion of pending taxonomic issues in this group and the species status of the hamlets in general.
... Epinephelus ( Cephalopholis stellatus: Jordan et al. 1930: 309. Epinephelus cruentatus: Smith 1971: 97. ...
Three species of spotted groupers in the subfamily Epinephelinae are known from the western Atlantic, Cephalopholis cruentata (Lacepède 1802), Epinephelus adscensionis (Osbeck 1765), and E. guttatus (Linnaeus 1758). Our research into the historical sources of the names revealed a confused history and the unclear identities of the taxa, with both C. cruentata and E. guttatus being based on material of E. adscensionis from Brazil. Type specimens of the three taxa are unknown. Following the ICZN rules the resulting species identities would be highly disruptive to the stability of nomenclature, as all three species would be recognised as E. guttatus (the oldest available name, but with an identity as the E. adscensionis according to current usage); thus the three species would have to change their names. In order to stabilise these names, neotypes are selected for the three grouper species, so they can retain their currently used names.
... Unmack et al. (in revision) concluded on the basis of mtDNA and morphological examination that the Columbia River form previously referred to Pantosteus jordani or C (P.) platyrhynchus (Smith 1966) is an undescribed species, which is named here to complete diagnosis and discussion of the species of the group. It was previously referred to Pantosteus jordani by Gilbert and Evermann (1894), Jordan and Evermann (1896), Snyder (1915), Jordan et al. (1930) Schultz and DeLacy (1936), Bond (1953), and others (more complete synonymy in Smith 1966, p. 59 Bond and R.E Noble, May 21, 1951. The specimen has the following characteristics: head length 28 mm; width of lower jaw 8.5 mm; isthmus width 9.0 mm; caudal peduncle depth 9.5 mm; lateral line scales 89; predorsal scales 58; dorsal rays 11; pelvic rays 10; gill rakers in external row of first arch 35; gill rakers in internal row of first arch 48; number of post-Weberian vertebrae 41; frontoparietal fontanelle reduced to a small opening; fin pigment concentrated on fin rays, sparse melanophores on inter-radial membranes; pelvic axillary process present; anterior sensory papillae on lower lip in a convex-forward rosette with blank patches of lip tissue on either side. ...
Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan:
Catostomus is the most diverse genus of fishes in western North America. Over thirty
species of Catostomus and other catostomins have been classified in five recent genera,
Catostomus, Deltistes, Chasmistes, Xyrauchen, and Pantosteus. Introgressed evolutionary history is apparent in all five western catostomin genera. Mountain suckers, subgenus
Pantosteus, are small and medium-sized fishes that live in moderate-gradient streams in
the foothills and mountains, from the Black Hills to Pacific coastal drainages and from
western Canada to central Mexico. Pantosteus is distinct in its molecular as well as morphological traits, but it is polyphyletic because Catostomus (Pantosteus) columbianus shares unique, derived morphological traits with Pantosteus and mtDNA with Catostomus (s.s.), thereby identifying two genera in its ancestry. We recognize three subgroups of Pantosteus: C. (P.) discobolus group of six species is distributed in the Snake River, eastern and southern Basin and Range Province to central Mexico, the Colorado Plateau, and the Los Angeles Basin. The C. (P.) platyrhynchus species group consists of four species, found in the Columbia, Snake, Upper Missouri, Upper Green, Lahontan, and Bonneville basins. Catostomus (P.) columbianus is a separate subgroup. The Pantosteus fossil record is sparse. We describe three Miocene records of the C. (P.) discobolus group from Oregon and Washington, three Pliocene species from Idaho and Nevada, and two Pleistocene records--from the Rio Grande rift in Colorado and from the Missouri River drainage of Kansas. The Kansas record suggests a much wider range for the species during glacial periods. Miocene relatives of C. (P.) discobolus from three sites in Oregon and Washington, 11.5-8.5 million years old, are morphologically advanced suckers. The Pliocene species from southern Nevada is intermediate between its modern relatives in the surrounding Great Basin and Colorado Plateau. At least one of the two Pliocene mountain suckers in the Snake River drainage was probably involved in the hybrid ancestry of C. (P.) columbianus. The general Pantosteus pattern suggests an origin in the northwest Great Basin and Columbia Plateau, with a history of dispersal, isolation, and evolution southward through Basin and Range drainages to the Colorado Plateau and Mexico, and eastward across the Rocky Mountains to the Missouri drainage. Mountain suckers are adapted to moderate-gradient mountain streams and to scraping food from rocky substrate.
Key words: Catostomidae, Catostomus, Chasmistes, Deltistes, Xyrauchen, hybridization,
Great Basin, Juntura, Drewsey, White Narrows, Glenns Ferry.
... Native trout of the Southern Rocky Mountains (SRM) have been subject to a long and complex history of taxonomic investigation (Suckley 1874;Jordan et al. 1930) that resulted in recognition of three extant subspecies of Oncorhynchus clarkii (Behnke 1992): (1) (Behnke 1992(Behnke , 2002. A fourth subspecies, the extinct Yellowfin Cutthroat Trout O. c. macdonaldi, was described from a pair of headwater lakes in the Arkansas River basin that allegedly comprised their entire native range (Wiltzius 1985;Behnke 2002). ...
Despite major declines in distribution and abundance of Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii across their native range since European settlement, substantial morphological and genetic diversity remains. For example , recent molecular investigations revealed the presence of six discrete lineages of Cutthroat Trout native to the Southern Rocky Mountains rather than four as previously thought. These include the previously recognized recognized Yellowfin Cutthroat Trout O. c. macdonaldi (extinct) and Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout O. c. virginalis, as well as the true native of the South Platte River basin, located east of the Continental Divide, which we continue to refer to as Greenback Cutthroat Trout. Within the range of Colorado River Cutthroat Trout O. c. pleuriticus, which is located west of the Continental Divide, we highlight two divergent clades that historically occupied upstream, coldwater reaches of the Green River and Colorado River basins. Both are also found outside their historical ranges as well, due to extensive, mostly undocumented stocking in the early 20th century that served to conceal native diversity in the region. An additional clade closely aligned with those two Colorado River groups historically occupied the San Juan River basin. In this chapter, we discuss both molecular and morphomeristic evidence that indicates distinct lineages are aligned with major drainage basins, information that guides ongoing conservation actions.
... Vermilion Snapper (family Lutjanidae) are found in temperate and subtropical climates from North Carolina, throughout the GOM and the Caribbean Sea, and south to Brazil (Jordan and Evermann 1896;Breder 1929). Despite its cosmopolitan distribution and abundance of biological and life history information in much of its range, there is little available information on this species for the north-central GOM (Mobile, Alabama, through New Orleans, Louisiana). ...
... The second temperature, 12 C, is considered to be a high incubation temperature for Chinook salmon eggs. Although in some teleost species, a negative linear relation between temperature and number of vertebrae was shown (Jordan & Evermann, 1896), a U-shaped response with the lowest number of meristic characters related to the median temperature has been shown in other teleost species (Fowler, 1970). Notably, this Ushaped response was also shown to occur in salmonids by Seymour (1959) and Taning (1952). ...
Variation of vertebral centra numbers is common in vertebrates. Likewise, the number of associated elements such as ribs and neural and haemal arches can vary and affect all regions of the vertebral column. In mammals, only the number of cervical vertebrae is invariable. Variation of total vertebral centra numbers is well documented in teleost fish, often related to temperature. Less information is available about which part of the vertebral column and which associated elements are liable to variation. Here, variation in number of vertebral centra and associated elements is studied in Chinook salmon in six distinct anatomical regions. Animals are raised at 8 and 12°C to ask whether the vertebral centrum numbers, the pattern, and the frequency of variation in particular regions are temperature dependent. No significant difference concerning the total number of vertebrae was found, but regional differences occurred between the 8 and 12°C groups. Twelve specimens out of 60 of the 12°C group had three postcranial vertebrae compared to only one specimen in the 8°C group. The number of transitional vertebrae is significantly different in 8 and 12°C specimens. Fewer transitional vertebrae occur in more anterior positions in 8°C specimens. Most specimens of both temperature groups had two ural centra; however 17 specimens out of 60 of the 12°C group had up to five ural centra. Specimens of the 12°C group show more variation in the presence of the vestigial ribs associated with transitional vertebrae. Clearly, the postcranial, transitional, and ural regions are temperature sensitive. This study shows that nonsignificant differences in the total number of vertebrae can mask significant regional variation. Variation of vertebral numbers could be the consequence of loss or gain of vertebral centra and/or a change in the identity of the associated element on the vertebral centrum.
... Algunos de esos trabajos hacen referencia parcial a recursos ubicados en la costa de ese litoral y otros estudian colecciones importantes de peces, además de analizar áreas en particular. La bibliografía se orienta principalmente hacia el estudio de la ictiofauna, entre los trabajos están los de Jordan et al. (1895), Jordan et al. (1930), Ramírez-Granados (1952), Yáñez-Arancibia (1976) y Yánez-Arancibia (1978), por citar sólo algunos. ...
... Indeed, even today these concepts often provide safe hooks from which to hang discordant data. Western American fishes exhibiting such variation were first "split" as a multitude of taxa (Jordan et al. 1930) and more recently "lumped" with other distinct forms, regarded as ecologic or geographic variants within polytypic species (e.g., Smith 1966; for a similar perspective regarding anurans see Hillis 1988). To us, neither approach is intuitively satisfactory or realistic. ...
Pairwise, two- and three-way Mantel tests were used to evaluate a null hypothesis of no significant covariation when morphological features of three cyprinid fish taxa of the genus Gila were compared. Tests involved ecological conditions and past and present hydrography in the Gila River Basin of western North America. A vicariance hypothesis was the only model statistically proficient in explaining diversity of fish phenotypes. Of paleohydrographic reconstructions compared, those of the mid-Miocene and Pliocene epochs were significantly associated with present-day distributions of phenotypes. Of these, the Pliocene was paramount.
... In the XIX century, the genera Anoplogaster and Caulolepis were included under the family Berycidae (Cuvier and Valenciennas, 1833;Gill, 1884: Glinther, 1859, 1887Jordan andEvermann, 1896: Goode andBean, 1896). Several authors placed these genera in the family Melamphaeidae of the order Stephanoberyciformes (Xenoberyces) (Regan, 1911;Jordan, 1923;Jordan et al., 1930). The family Anoplogasteridae (=Caulolepidae) was included under the order Beryciformes (Berg, 1955;Rass and Lindberg, 1971;Shultz and Stern, 1948;Norman, 1958;Greenwood et al., 1966;Gosline, 1973;Nelson, 1976;Bond, 1979) or in the order Stephanoberyciformes (Lindberg, 1971;Marshall, 1960). ...
... До сих пор продолжается описание новых видов семейства тра-хихтовых [Menezes, 1971;Woods, Sonoda, 1973;Quero, 1974;Котляр, 1978, 1979, 1980. Наибольшее число публикаций касается атлантических видов [Бек- кер и др., 1975;Головань, 1974а, б, 1978Трунов, 1968;Barnard 1925;Blache et al., 1970;Brauer, 1906;Briggs, 1958;de Buen, 1926;du Buit et al., 1976;du Buit, 1978;Cadenat, 1960;Cautis et al., 1973;Cervigon, 1960Cervigon, , 1966Daiber, 1954;Domain, 1972;Doutre, 1960;Duerte-Bello, 1959;Duarte-Bello, Buesa, 1973;Firth, 1936;Fowler, 1936bFowler, , 1938bFowler, , 1952Fur- nestin et al., 1958;Goode, Bean, 1895;Jonsson, 1969Jonsson, , 1970Jonsson, , 1971Jonsson et al., 1976;Jordan, Ewermann, 1896;Jordan et al, 1955;Karrer, 1973;Kotthaus, 1952;Krefft, 1967Krefft, , 1976Lo Bianco, 1931-1956Mago, 1970;Maul, 1954;Maurin, 1968;Menezes, 1971;Murray, Hjort, 1912;Nielsen, 1973;Norman, 1935;Parr, 1933;Poll, 1954;Quero, 1974;Richard, 1934;Roule, 1919;Sanches, 1966;Smith, 1950;Soljan, 1948;Wagner, Stehmann, 1975;Wheeler, 1969;Woods, Sonoda, 1973;Zugmayer, 1911]. Более или менее полные сведения о видовом составе и распространении Trachichthyidae имеются лишь по северной части Атлантического океана, но и эти сведения основаны на немногочисленных находках и в достаточной мере еще ни разу не обобщались, за исключением работы Вудса [Wo- eds, Sonoda, 1973] по Северо-Западной Атлантике. ...
... ly in the same individual. Based on this, they placed all members of the aestivalis complex in the genus Extrarius, which had earlier been proposed by Jordan (1919) for sole reception of the four-barbeled form, tetranemus. Hubbs & Ortenburger (1929) also suggested that Extrarius might be most closely related to Macrhybopsis Cockerell & Allison 1909. Jordan et al. (1930 recognized both of the last two genera, with Extrarius retained for the sole reception of tetranemus. No justification was given for this arrangement. Bailey (1951: 192) downgraded Extrarius and Macrhybopsis, together with several other genera, to subgenera of the greatly expanded genus Hybopsis, which was characterized exclusively by t ...
For many years the North American cyprinid fish Macrhybopsis aestivalis (common name: Speckled Chub) was regarded as a single widespread and morphologically variable species, occurring in rivers throughout much of the Mississippi Val-ley and geographically adjacent eastern Gulf slope drainages, west to the Rio Grande basin in Texas, New Mexico, and Mexico. Eisenhour (1997) completed a morphological study of western populations of the Speckled Chub, the results of which appeared thereafter in published form (Eisenhour 1999, 2004). He demonstrated the existence of five valid species west of the Mississippi River (aestivalis, marconis, australis, tetranema, hyostoma), of which the name aestivalis was shown to be restricted to the population occurring in the Rio Grande and the geographically adjacent Rio San Fernando system, in northeastern Mexico. Eisenhour (2004) considered populations throughout the middle Mississippi Valley and its major tributaries to be a single morphologically variable species (hyostoma), and he also indicated that populations of Macrhybopsis from eastern Gulf slope drainages may represent a complex of species. Genetic confirmation of Eisenhour's conclusions regarding western species appeared in the publication by Underwood et al. (2003), who also showed that western populations of M. hyostoma, as presently recognized, are genetically much more complex than previously con-sidered. Meanwhile, the present authors were involved in a companion study of eastern populations of Macrhybopsis, for which a genetic summary of the eastern Gulf coast species was published by Mayden & Powers (2004). Based on their findings, four species were recognized from southeastern drainages (identified as species A-D), although no formal tax-onomic descriptions were included. Their genetic data, in combination with meristic, morphometric and other morpho-logical data presented herein, form the basis for a revised classification of eastern Macrhybopsis populations, including formal descriptions of the four new species from eastern Gulf coast drainages.
... acuerdo con la etiqueta contenida en la serie tipo del BMNH, la localidad típica de E. axillaris es Chiapán, Guatemala (sensu Salvin), no "Chiapam" o "Chiapas, México", como se estipula en la literatura (e.g. Regan, 1903;Meek & Hildebrand, 1925;Jordan et al., 1930;Fowler, 1944). Debido a la confusión con E. lineatus (Meek & Hildebrand, 1925), su distribución se mencionaba desde la costa occidental de Baja California Sur y Golfo de California hasta Perú (Bussing, 1995 Diapterus brasilianus (Cuvier). ...
Se llevo a cabo un estudio sistemático y biogeográfico de las especies nominales del
género Eugerres Jordan & Evermann, 1927, por medio de una serie de análisis merísticos,
morfosistemáticos y osteológicos. La revisión critica de su taxonomía fue sustentada en
el examen de ejemplares tipo y otros procedentes de su ámbito de distribución conocida,
además de la consulta de las diagnosis originales y evaluaciones morfométricas mediante
técnicas de análisis de variables canónicas. Se comprobó la existencia de siete especies
representativas del género: E. brasilianus (Cuvier, 1830), E. plumieri (Cuvier, 1830) y una
nueva forma de Eugerres aquí descrita, todas distribuidas en la vertiente costera del
Atlántico occidental; además de E. lineatus (Humboldt, 1821), E. axillaris (Günther, 1864)
y E. brevimanus (Günther, 1864) con distribución en el Pacífico oriental. Este estudio
aclara la confusión nomenclatorial debida al incorrecto número de branquiespinas [Be]
asignado a E. lineatus y E. axillaris. De manera que E. lineatus tiene más de 15 Be y E.
axillaris 12, no 15. La variabilidad morfológica observada en los ejemplares del complejo
E. mexicanus, permitió establecer la probable existencia de una forma adicional en este
grupo. El análisis filogenético, apoyado en 30 caracteres morfológicos, merísticos y
osteológicos, generó un cladograma de máxima parsimonia (L= 46, IC = 78 e IR = 79) que
sustenta la monofilia del género (con base en diez sinapomorfias estrictas), corrobora su
estabilidad taxonómica y las relaciones genealógicas entre: [E. mexicanus - [[E. plumieri -
Eugerres sp.] - [E.axillaris [E. brasilianus [E. brevimanus - E. lineatus ]]], y el
reconocimiento de D. auratus - D. peruvianus, como grupo hermano. El análisis
biogeográfico aplicado a una matriz de datos de presencia-ausencia, integrada por 9
taxones y 11 provincias zoogeográficas, produjo un cladograma de mayor parsimonia
(L = 9, IC = 100 e IR = 100) el cual indica que dichas provincias representan unidades
naturales, mismas que están agrupadas en un esquema regional Atlántico-Pacífico que
es congruente con la filogenia del grupo y las áreas de distribución actual de sus especies.
Se propone una hipótesis basada en el modelo vicariante, para explicar el proceso
cladogenético en relación con eventos paleoceanográficos y geotectónicos asociados con
la última emergencia del istmo Centroamericano.
The subgenus Allinectes was established by Jordan & Evermann (1898) for the single species Careproctus ectenes. I elevate Allinectes to genus, based on the elongate anterior dorsal-fin rays followed by a distinct notch found in both sexes of all its members. With A. ectenes, I allocate six additional species to Allinectes: A. curilanus, A. attenuatus, A. pycnosoma, and three new species, described herein. The three new species, A. istiophorus, A. busbyi, and A. nanstanorum, are described on the basis of individuals collected in the Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea during fisheries resource assessment surveys conducted by the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service. Each is most similar to A. ectenes from which they are distinguished by a dark peritoneum, lower counts of vertebrae and dorsal- and anal-fin rays, and several morphometric characters, including longer gill slits, a larger pelvic disk, and typically shorter distances from disk to anus. Allinectes istiophorus is distinguished from Allinectes nanstanorum by having a paler body, pale stomach, deeper and more robust body, and longer first dorsal-fin ray. Allinectes busbyi differs from both A. nanstanorum and A. istiophorus by its strongly protruding snout and robust body. Described from 88 specimens, Allinectes istiophorus is found widely within the Aleutian Islands, from west of Attu Island in the west to north of Akutan Island in the east, and in the Bering Sea west and south of the Pribilof Islands at depths of 117 to 762 m. The deeper dwelling Allinectes nanstanorum is described from two specimens found in the Bering Sea on the upper continental slope near the Pribilof Islands at depths of 866 and 1172 m. Allinectes busbyi is described from a single specimen collected in the central Aleutian Islands in Seguam Pass at 458 m depth. Allinectes curilanus is redescribed from the types collected from the Kuril Islands and 30 additional specimens, all taken in the Aleutian Islands from west of Attu Island to the Islands of Four Mountains in the east at depths of 240 to 471 m. The five known specimens of A. ectenes, taken north of Unalaska Island and on Bowers Bank at 494 to 640 m depth, the holotype and only known specimen of A. attenuatus, taken off Agattu Island at 881 m depth, and the holotype and only known specimen of A. pycnosoma, taken off Simushir Island at 419 m depth in the Kuril Islands, are also redescribed.
Softnose skates (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae: Bathyraja Ishiyama) are the most diverse skate genus, with 54 species, and are readily distinguishable from other genera in the family by their poorly calcified, flexible rostral cartilages. Six Bathyraja species are considered valid in the eastern North Pacific, including: B. abyssicola, B. aleutica, B. kincaidii, B. microtrachys, B. spinosissima, and B. trachura. Similar to other skate genera, eastern North Pacific Bathyraja lack a robust species-specific identification, which leads to issues with setting catch limits and creating management plans. This study identifies and formally redescribes the eastern North Pacific softnose skate species based on morphometric and meristic measurements and includes an Alaskan species, Bering Skate, B. interrupta due to its close morphological relationship to B. kincaidii. A lectotype for B. interrupta is designated. Multivariate tests determined that significant differences existed between the study species. Parsimonious phylogenetic trees showed that B kincaidii represents the basal condition, with B. abyssicola and B. aleutica being the most derived species in the study. The formerly synonymized species B. interrupta and B. kincaidii were shown to be separate, as were the previously synonymized species B. microtrachys and B. trachura. Improved Bathyraja species identification will hopefully assist fisheries managers in developing conservation policies easing the impacts of deep-sea fishing expansion.
Cisco form diversity overlaps with glacial lake coverage in North America. A recent hypothesis proposes that secondary contact among refugial cisco lineages during retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet was the basis for the geography of cisco diversity in North American lakes. Glacial lake coverage in North America is also a map of Mysis diluviana distribution, a glacial relic species found in lakes including the Laurentian Great Lakes. The presence of Mysis increases isotopic niche size of cisco, a necessary condition for Mysis to be a key element of cisco clade diversification. We reviewed literature on cisco forms in North American lakes to determine if cisco diversity is related to an ecological opportunity gradient, maximum lake depth with the presence of Mysis. Cisco form diversity increases with lake maximum depth in North America in the presence of Mysis with deeper lakes increasingly likely to hold multiple forms. Lakes without Mysis had only one cisco form and were shallower in general. We hypothesize that Mysis is the basis for the relationship between lake depth and cisco form diversity because of the complex behavior and distribution of Mysis that stems from increasing lake depth. We propose the geography of cisco diversity in North America results from within lake predator–prey processes as a function of lake depth under the Mysis hypothesis vs. secondary contact priming genetic diversity. The two hypotheses are not mutually exclusive. Analysis of a lake set covering both cisco and Mysis ranges points to more lakes having multiple cisco forms.
The bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas Valenciennes, 1839) is a large, primarily coastally distributed shark famous for its ability to penetrate far into freshwater bodies in tropical, subtropical, and warm-temperate climates. It is a cosmopolitan species with a geographical range that includes the coastlines of all major ocean basins (Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean). As a consequence, freshwater occurrences of C. leucas are possible everywhere inside its geographic range. Carcharhinus leucas is a fully euryhaline, amphidromous species and possibly the widest-ranging of all freshwater tolerating elasmobranchs. This species is found not only in river systems with sea access that are not interrupted by human impediments but in hypersaline lakes as well. Rivers and estuaries are believed to be important nursery grounds for C. leucas, as suggested by observations of pregnant females in estuaries and neonates with umbilical scars in rivers and river mouths. Due to the physical capability of this species to enter riverine systems, the documentation of its occurrence in fresh and brackish water is essential for future conservation plans, fishery inspections, and scientific studies that focus on the link between low salinity habitats, shark nurseries, and feeding areas. The author’s review of the available literature on C. leucas revealed the absence of a comprehensive overview of fresh and brackish water localities (rivers and associated lakes, estuaries) with C. leucas
records. The purpose of this literature review is to provide a global list of rivers, river systems, lakes, estuaries, and lagoons with records and reports of this species, including a link to the used references as a base for regional, national, and international conservation strategies. Therefore, the objective of this work is to present lists of fresh and brackish water habitats with records of C. leucas as the result of an extensive literature review and analysis of databases. This survey also took into account estuaries and lagoons, regarding their function as important nursery grounds for C. leucas. The analysis of references included is not only from the scientific literature, but also includes semi-scientific references and the common press if reliable. The result of 415 global fresh and brackish water localities with evidence of C. leucas highlights the importance of these habitats for the reproduction of this species. Moreover, gaps in available distribution maps are critically discussed as well as interpretations and conclusions made regarding possible reasons for the distribution range of C. leucas, which can be interpreted as the result of geographic circumstances, but also as a result of the current state of knowledge about the distribution of this species. The results of the examination of available references were used to build a reliable and updated distribution map for C. leucas, which is also presented here.
The lamprey genus Lethenteron Creaser & Hubbs, 1922 is widespread across Eurasia and North America, but the number and distribution of its constituent species is not firmly established. After a morphological examination of extant type material of the currently recognized species and their synonyms, Lethenteron mitsukurii (Hatta, 1901) is resurrected with Le. matsubarai Vladykov & Kott, 1978 as its junior synonym.
Amongst nonparasitic species Le. reissneri (Dybowski, 1869) and Le. mitsukurii are confirmed as present in Japan and the former is also present on Sakhalin. An in-depth study of large samples of nonparasitic lamprey adults from Japan and Sakhalin Island is needed to determine whether the lower trunk myomere (< 66) individuals from these areas represent one or more undescribed species, or Le. mitsukurii, or Le. reissneri, or a mixture of these three alternatives. The material from the Anadyr Estuary identified by Berg (1931, 1948) as Lampetra japonica kessleri has been re-identified as Le. camtschaticum and there is no evidence that Le. kessleri occurs there. Lethenteron reissneri is reported from the Angara River system, Yenisei River drainage, Russia. Lethenteron alaskense Vladykov & Kott, 1978 is provisionally considered to be a junior synonym of Le. kessleri (Anikin, 1905). Petromyzon ernstii Dybowski, 1872, Ammocoetes aureus Bean, 1881, Petromyzon dentex Anikin, 1905, Lampetra mitsukurii major Hatta, 1911, and Lampetra japonica septentrionalis Berg, 1931 are junior synonyms of Petromyzon marinus camtschaticus Tilesius, 1811. A key is provided to adults of the six species recognized as belonging in the genus Lethenteron.
North Carolina’s first state-specific checklist of freshwater fish species was published in 1709 by John Lawson. Subsequent species lists with descriptions included: Brickell (1737), Cope (1870a), Jordan (1889a), Jordan and Evermann (1896-1900), Smith (1907), Jordan et al. (1930), Fowler (1945), Louder (1962), Ratledge et al. (1966), Menhinick et al. (1974). In 1991, Menhinick published “The Freshwater Fishes of North Carolina”, which is still widely in use because a comprehensive update has not been produced since its publication. The increase in the availability of historical records in globally accessible
databases and the surge of collections post-1991 made by federal and state resource agencies, and academic and museum researchers, allowed for the creation of an update of North Carolina’s freshwater fish species in an annotated atlas. Herein we discuss the distribution of the 257 currently described and undescribed freshwater fish species within North Carolina. Annotations for each species include a distributional map with type locality noted where appropriate, remarks concerning questionable records
and misidentifications, extirpations, introductions and interbasin transfers, and imperilment status.
We present a taxonomic review of the genus Pseudophallus, based on morphological characters, originally described to include two freshwater pipefish species from the Pacific coastal drainages of the neotropics: P. starksii and P. elcapitanensis, with the later addition of P. mindii, described from Atlantic coastal drainages. Pseudophallus mindii was formerly recognized as a single species ranging from the Brazilian state of São Paulo to Belize in Central America. Five species are recognized in the present study: P. elcapitanensis and P. starksii from the Pacific drainages; P. mindii and P. brasiliensis, the latter so far considered a junior synonym of P. mindii, and a new species. Pseudophallus mindii is redefined to include specimens with higher meristic values and narrow range of variation compared to P. brasiliensis and is restricted to the northern coastal drainages from Venezuela to Central America including the Caribbean region. Pseudophallus brasiliensis is revalidated and occurs from the drainages east of the mouth of the Orinoco to southern Brazil. The new species, Pseudophallus galadrielae sp. nov. is endemic to Lago Izabal in Guatemala. An updated identification key to the currently recognized species is provided.
A taxonomic review of the Hyphessobrycon panamensis species-group is presented, with recognition of six valid species. In Central America, H. panamensis was restricted to the drainages of both Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Panama; H. savagei was recorded at the río Pírris and río Térraba, Pacific coast of Costa Rica, and Hyphessobrycon bussingi, new species, described from the río Sixaola basin, Atlantic coast of Costa Rica, and from the río Changuinola, río Guarumo and río San San, Atlantic coast of Panama. At trans-andean South America, H. columbianus was recorded at the río Acandí, Colombia, and its geographical distribution was extended into the coastal drainages in San Blas province, Panama; H. condotensis was recorded at the río Atrato, río Baudó, lower río Magdalena and río San Juan basins, Colombia, while H. sebastiani was considered as its junior synonym. Hyphessobrycon daguae was revalidated, erected to the specific level, considered as senior synonym of H. chocoensis, and recorded from the río Dagua, río Patía and río Telembí basins, in Colombia, the río Mira, at the border between Colombia and Ecuador, and the río Cayapas, río Mataje, and río Santiago, in Ecuador. Color pattern and secondary sexual characters (e.g. number, arrangement and shape of hooks in mature males) suggest that the Hyphessobrycon panamensis species-group is a putatively monophyletic lineage.
An annotated checklist of the groupers and sea basses known to date is given. Species are arranged in the subfamilies Anthiadinae,
Epinephelinae, and Serraninae and listed alphabetically according to the genus they belong to. The list includes 1183 nominal species
representing 579 valid species in 72 genera. Thirty-one new junior synonyms (Cerna acutirostris var. lata Döderlein, Holocentrus bicolor
Shaw, Centropristis brasiliensis Brisout de Barneville, Labrus caprulensis Nardo, Holocentrus chana Nardo, Serranus confertus
Anonymous, Holocentrus decussatus Shaw, Labrus fasciatus Walbaum, Perca fusca Thunberg, Serranus goliath Peters, Paraserranus
hasseltii Bleeker, Holocentrus hians Nardo, Grammistes lineatus Arnault, Holocentrus marinus variegatus Suchow, Serranus cruentatus
Peters, Holocentrus epinephelus Lacepède, Plectropoma melanorhina Guichenot, Serranus melas Peters, Prionodes nigropunctatus
Hildebrand, Perca pentacantha Lacepède, Holocentrus pirapixanga Lacepède, Labrus salviani Suckow, Serranus sarnicus Griffith and
Smith, Lutjanus scriptura Lacepéde, Bodianus sexlineatus Lacepède, Labrus spalatensis Walbaum, Centropristis springeri Weed,
Epinephelus striatus Bloch, Perca triacantha Lacepède, Lutjanus trilobatus Lacepède, Mustelichthys ui Tanaka) are recognized. Five
nomina oblita (Cerna sicana Döderlein, Epinephelus argus Bloch and Schneider, Grammistes compressus Liénard, Perca miniata
caeruleoocellata Forsskål, and Holocentrus zebra Marion de Procé) are here declared. Perca daba Forsskål is regarded as vernacular. An
unneeded replacement name (Epinephelus dermatolepis Boulenger) is discovered. Epinephelus gigas (Brünnich) should be regarded as the
valid name presently known as Epinephelus marginatus and an application to ICZN is needed to retain the latter and to preserve stability.
The enigmatic species Caesioscorpis theagenes and Hemilutjanus macrophthalmos are placed in the families Caesioscorpididae, new
family, and Hemilutjanidae new family, respectively.
Species checklists and dichotomous keys are valuable tools that provide many services for ecological studies and management through tracking native and non-native species through time. We developed nine drainage basin checklists and dichotomous keys for 196 inland fishes of Texas, consisting of 171 native fishes and 25 non-native fishes. Our checklists were updated from previous checklists and revised using reports of new established native and non-native fishes in Texas, reports of new fish occurrences among drainages, and changes in species taxonomic nomenclature. We provided the first dichotomous keys for major drainage basins in Texas. Among the 171 native inland fishes, 6 species are considered extinct or extirpated, 13 species are listed as threatened or endangered by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and 59 species are listed as Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) by the state of Texas. Red River drainage basin was the most speciose with 120 fishes. Rio Grande & Pecos drainage basin had the greatest number of threatened or endangered fishes (N = 7) and the greatest number of SGCN fishes (N = 28). We revised drainage basin occurrences for 77 species. Drainage basin checklists and dichotomous keys provide finer resolution of species distributions within the geopolitical boundaries of Texas and can reduce probability of errors in fish identification errors by removing species not occurring within a natural boundary.
Fishes are a paraphyletic group composed by craniates except for the four-limbed clade Tetrapoda. This group was the only vertebrate representative until the Devonian but now comprises almost half of the vertebrate species, dominating nearly all aquatic environments. The fossil record is the key to understand the ancient paleobiodiversity and the patterns that lead the modern fish fauna, and paleontological collections play a fundamental role in providing accommodation, maintenance, and access to the specimens and their respective metadata. Here we present a systematic checklist of fossil fishes housed in the type collection of the Colección Nacional de Paleontología which is located at the Instituto de Geología of Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Currently housed in the type collection are 14 chondrichthyan specimens, belonging to two superorders, five orders, seven families, 10 genera, and five nominal species, and 361 osteichthyan specimens, belonging to eight orders, nine families, nine genera, and 26 nominal species. These fossils come from 32 localities and 15 geological units, which range temporally from the Jurassic to the Pleistocene. The paleoichthyofauna housed in the type collection of the Colección Nacional de Paleontología is remarkable for its singularity and reveals new insights about the origin and diversification of many groups of fishes. The recovery and curation of this fossil material indicates that knowledge of Mexican fossil fish diversity and its role in understanding lower vertebrate evolution are just emerging and reaffirms the importance of the biological and paleontological collections to the future biodiversity research.
The Fountain Darter, Etheostoma fonticola, was named for standing fountains formed by voluminous spring discharges of San Marcos springs before the upper San Marcos River was impounded by a dam. Fonticola means fountain dweller. The Fountain Darter is endemic to Guadalupe River basin of Texas.
Original description of Herichthys tamasopoensis
The phylogenetic relationships and classification of the freshwater fish order Cypriniformes, like many other species-rich groups of vertebrates, has evolved over time with some consistency and inconsistencies of relationships across various studies. Within Cypriniformes, the Holarctic family Leuciscidae is one of the most widely distributed and highly diverse monophyletic groups of cyprinoids. Despite several studies conducted on this group, alternative hypotheses exist as to the composition and relationships within Leuciscidae. Here we assess the extent, composition, phylogenetic relationships, and taxonomy of this highly diverse group of fishes, using multiple mitochondrial and nuclear loci and a comprehensive and dense taxonomic sampling. Analyses of 418 specimens (410 species) resolve a well-supported Leuciscidae including 362 specimens (358 taxa) in six well-supported subfamilies/major clades: Pseudaspininae/Far East Asian clade (FEA); Laviniinae/North American Western clade (WC); Plagopterinae/North American Creek Chub-Plagopterin clade (CC-P); Leuciscinae/Eurasian Old World clade (OW) (minus Phoxinus) plus North American Notemigonus; Phoxininae/Eurasian Phoxinus clade (PHX); and Pogonichthyinae/North American clade (NA) including all remaining leuciscids. Within Leuciscidae, neither the traditional phoxinins (Phoxinus, FEA, Nearctic genera) nor all Nearctic genera (minus Notemigonus) are resolved as monophyletic; whereas the WC and CC-P form two independent lineages from remaining North American cyprinoids. A close relationship exists between Eurasian Phoxinus, NA, and OW clades, while FEA is the sister group to all remaining Leuciscidae. Major lineages resolved within these six subfamilies are mostly congruent with some previous studies. Our results suggests a complex evolutionary history of this diverse and widespread group of fishes.
Synonymies, diagnoses, descriptions, illustrations, an identification key, and meristic frequency tables are provided for all species of Lonchopisthus. Most of the skeletal anatomy of L. higmani is also illustrated. A new jawfish, Lonchopisthus ancistrus n. sp., is described from the Gulf of Mexico and off Honduras based on 21 specimens 41-89 mm SL. The new species differs from other congeners by the following combination of characters: the posterior end of the maxilla strongly hooked; the cheek and opercle without scales; the membrane connecting the maxilla and premaxilla and the inner membrane covering the posterior part of the dentary pale; segmented dorsal-fin rays 11-13, with unbranched rays 2-5; longitudinal body-scale rows 33-39; and very long pelvic fins, 39.4-75.3% SL. Lonchopisthus lemur (and its synonym L. meadi) shares most characters with L. ancistrus, but differs in having shorter pelvic fins, 19.2-29.9% SL; fewer longitudinal body-scale rows, 26-33; the cheek and opercle scaled; and 5 infraorbitals (vs. 4). Both are relatively deep-water species, occurring from 100 m to at least 375 m (vs. 3-139 m in the other species). Lonchopisthus micrognathus is unique in having no branched caudal-fin rays at any size and the middle caudal-fin rays with free tips that may be used to maintain tactile contact with the substrate while hovering over its burrow. The western Atlantic Lonchopisthus higmani and eastern Pacific L. sinuscalifornicus are sister species that differ from the other Atlantic species in having the posterior end of the maxilla with a notch instead of a strong hook, the opercle with a large dark blotch, and one supraneural (vs. no supraneural).
Catalog illustrated of the specimens type of Cubansfishes II (Osteichthyes, clase: Actinopterygii: Cyprinodontiformes, Gadiformes, Lampridiformes, Mugiliformes, Myctophiformes, Ophidiformes). The information from different databases was collected to present the type specimens of 29 Cuban fishes (Superclass Osteichthyes) in alphabetical order of the order of the Class from Cyprinodontiformes to Ophidiiformes; with their original illustrations and associated data. 11 of them are Poey's specimens, the famous Cuban naturalist from 19th century. The results are presented as an illustrated catalog, with updated systematic, depositary institution and catalog number in the collection, type locality, bibliographic reference and the title of the paper. In some cases are also included the collection date, the expedition name, the sea depth; sometimes the collector´name as well. This material is valuable for the great amounts of information that it contains.
We documented new records and range extension of three fish species for the Gulf of California, one serranid (Diplectrum maximum Hildebrand, 1946) and two labrisomid blennies [Alloclinus holderi (Lauderbach, 1907) and Labrisomus wigginsi Hubbs, 1953]. These records increase to 916 species the known fish fauna in the Gulf of California.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.