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Excavations at Ramat Rahel
... This subtype appeared in the last quarter of the first century CE and continued in use up to the early third century CE. Numerous parallels are found in burial complexes from Jerusalem and its surroundings, for example at Ramat Rahel (Aharoni 1964:78-79, Fig. 33:1-3) and Akeldama (Winter 1996: Fig. 5.4:3-5, and see further references therein). Although No. 10 has a partly folded rim, a non-constricted neck, and an irregular body, it should be attributed to the same date as the other vessels of this subtype. ...
... The standard reference guiding this study is J. Magness' comprehensive work Jerusalem Ceramic Chronology Circa 200-800 CE (1993), which divides, by vessel type, the pottery retrieved from various excavations in Jerusalem. These include the Northern Wall (Hamilton 1944), the City of David (Magness 1992a-b), the Nea Church and the Cardo in today's Jewish Quarter (Magness 1993; with a new examination carried out in 2012), Bethany (Saller 1957), the Tyropoeon Valley (Crowfoot and Fitzgerald 1929), the Armenian Garden (Tushingham 1985), Damascus Gate (Whiteman 1989) and Ramat Ra¢el (Aharoni 1962;1964). ...
The 2012–2013 excavation seasons yielded a wide variety of pottery types from the
Byzantine period (4th–7th centuries CE), found mostly in the fills of the different construction phases. Some types appear as early as the Early Roman period, but remained in use in the Late Roman and even Byzantine period. The chronological division of the material is based in large part on the stratigraphy of the structures uncovered in Area C, where four construction phases and two sub-phases were discerned, and which enabled the classification of vessel type by phase (see Chapter I.1). In Phases IVb and IVa, dated on the basis of the numismatic evidence to the 4th and 5th centuries CE, respectively, pottery typical of the Late Roman/Early Byzantine period was discovered. Phases IIIb, IIIa, II, and I yielded pottery dated from the first half to the end of the 6th century. The phases and sub-phases associated with the 6th century accumulated one on top of the other over the course of a relatively brief span of time, thus enabling us to more accurately date the appearance of new types.
... Earlier remains of Phase AES1-3 (Aharoni's Stratum III) include three square-shaped vats (Locus 7; Fig. 5.3) that were covered by the floor of the church. The vats were drawn on the plans and described briefly in the 1954 preliminary report (Aharoni 1956: 110, Fig. 3). A number of stones that may belong to a badly preserved wall and a few floor segments were also marked on the field plans as Stratum III. 4 ...
... The first group includes pottery from secure loci with clear stratigraphic affinity, which help to date specific architectural remains and understand their nature. These finds, presented in Chapters 5-14, include items published by Aharoni (1956Aharoni ( , 1964, as well as unpublished pottery that has been stored in the national Treasures Storerooms in Beth Shemesh and at the hebrew University of Jerusalem. In each chapter, the pottery is discussed and arranged according to assemblages represented by one or more locus, beginning with the earliest and ending with the latest. ...
... For these reasons we omitted from the comparison both Mount Gerizim (Magen 2008) and the early excavations of Ramat Raḥel (Aharoni 1962). The new excavators of Ramat Raḥel identified both Persian and Hellenistic remains and suggested a change in the nature of the settlement between the periods (Lipschits et al. 2014: 89-90). ...
Until recently, distinguishing between Late Persian and Early Hellenistic pottery assemblages in the Shephelah and the Hill Country of Judea was imprecise and somewhat elusive. Based on new numismatic data, two phases of Stratum III at Khirbet Qeiyafa can now be securely dated to this time span. Analysis of the respective pottery assemblages allows us for the first time to propose a clear distinction between the pottery of these two periods. Accordingly, a new dating for several sites in the Shephelah and the Hill Country is suggested.
... Grant and Wright 1939: 80; Vaughn 1999: 199; Albright 1932: Nos. 623, 860; Aharoni 1964: 33, Fig. 37: 6 and Pl. 40: 4). ...
A bulla fragment was found in the excavations of Tel Aviv University at the City of David/Silwan. It is made out of local terra rossa soil, and the reading is: קם // ---לך --- The names אחיקם and אליקם are the best candidates for the name in the upper register. The title “עבד המלך” is the best candidate for the title in the lower register. The seal's quality and the reconstructed title of its bearer indicate that it was used by a high official in the royal Judahite administration.
... These are oval vessels with a flaring rim, tall neck and ovoid to globular body. The shoulder can be slightly carinated (Fig. 24a) or Ramat Rahel (Aharoni, 1964, fig. 18:22, 23, pl. ...
The site of Tell Jemmeh near Gaza has long been suggested as the location of an Assyrian administrative centre or even the seat of an Assyrian governor. This paper revisits this issue in the light of the more comprehensive evidence we now have on the site from Van Beek's excavations. Tell Jemmeh yielded both architectural features (in plans and building techniques) and Assyrian-style pottery that link it strongly to the Neo-Assyrian world. Whether these links indicate a massive Neo-Assyrian presence at the site, or that the site was an Assyrian administrative centre is still an open question. The archaeological and textual evidence from this period will be combined in order to examine the nature and extent of Neo-Assyrian influence on Tell Jemmeh in particular, and on Philistia in general. The characteristics of each of the Assyrian features will be studied in detail in order to assess its significance with regard to the Assyrian connection and the regional historical background. It seems that the Neo-Assyrian Empire had special interests in the region of Philistia and its city-states, together with other regions in the southern Levant. However, the nature of these interests, of imperial policies, and the consequences for the local cultures may have changed during the reign of the different Assyrian rulers during the late 8th and early 7th centuries BC. The management of the Assyrian Empire in its distant provinces and vassaldoms will also be discussed in the light of the archaeological evidence.
W historii Ziemi Świętej epoka bizantyjska jawi się bezsprzecznie jako czas intensywnego rozkwitu budownictwa sakralnego, zwłaszcza dedykowanego Świętej Bożej Rodzicielce Maryi (Theotokos). Spośród kościołów noszących ten tytuł do na-szych czasów przetrwały nieliczne. Jednak na szczególną uwagę zasługują trzy, które od swojego upadku nie doczekały się odbudowy, a przez Prokopiusza oraz w innych źródłach literackich uznane zostały za znamienite. Są nimi: Kathisma, kościół na górze Garizim oraz Nea. Artykuł przedstawia wyniki najnowszych badań archeologicznych, jak też starożytne świadectwa literackie ukazujące funkcjonowanie wymienionych sanktuariów w ich kontekście historyczno-religijnym. Celem tego opracowania jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie o powody, dla których wskazane świątynie maryjne, uważane za jedne z największych w Palestynie epoki bizantyjskiej, nie zostały od-tworzone. Wydaje się, że przyczyniły się do tego trzy czynniki: brak bezpośredniego związku z wydarzeniami zbawczymi, o których traktują cztery kanoniczne Ewangelie, niekorzystna sytuacja geopolityczna oraz względy finansowe.
The Te’omim cave is situated on the western edge of the Jerusalem Hills. The cave consists of the main hall (approximately 50×70 meters with a maximum height of about 10 meters). Several passages lead from the main hall to other small chambers and systems of crevices. The cave detailed description is presented. The Te’omim cave has been researched by archaeologists since the late 19th century till now. Modern excavations discovered multiple artifacts of various periods of time, including Neolith, Bronze and Iron Ages, Roman and Byzantine periods and etc. Recent finds are described in the paper. In the antique times calcite deposits in the cave main hall were quarried to produce “calcite alabaster”. This is the first “alabaster” quarry known in the southern Levant. Quarry faces, toolmarks and unfinished blocks remained, and they are described in the paper.
Volumen I de las Actas del IX Congreso Internacional de Estudios Fenicios y Púnicos
This paper studies the pottery of Jerusalem corresponding to the very Late Iron II (mid 7th to early 6th centuries BCE) that is scattered throughout the modern-day excavation reports. A typology of five functional groups and twenty-five taxonomic subgroups is built, based on pottery retrieved from clear loci that represent the Neo-Babylonian destruction level or shortly before. I will focus attention on the chronology of each pottery type, and how they can be related to parallels in other contemporary sites. The analysis of the resultant pottery types and their distribution in the city confirms that Jerusalem passed through an era of political and economic centralization, urban expansion and industrial development, albeit with few connections with the contemporary interregional trade networks.
Excavations conducted approximately 100 m west of the Western Wall in 2005–2009 by
Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah and Alexander Onn revealed an impressive building, probably a
four-room house, that was constructed in the seventh century BCE. The article first discusses inscriptions incised on three pottery fragments that were found in the
fills beneath the floors of the building. It then singles out incised marks on 23 additional
potsherds from among many that were found in the fills beneath the floors and in the debris that was deposited in and around the building after its destruction in the first quarter of the sixth century BCE (586 BCE?). The debris, originating higher up on the western slope, yielded an assemblage containing only late Iron Age finds (eighth–sixth centuries BCE). The inscriptions and the markings were incised with a stylus.
Significance
Understanding the geomagnetic field behavior in the past, and, in particular, its intensity component, has implications for various (and disparate) fields of research, including the physics of Earth’s interior, atmospheric and cosmologic sciences, biology, and archaeology. This study provides substantial data on variations in geomagnetic field intensity during the eighth to second centuries BCE Levant, thus significantly improving the existing record for this region. In addition, the study provides further evidence of extremely strong field in the late eighth century BCE (“geomagnetic spike”), and of rapid rates of change (>20% over three decades). The improved Levantine record is an important basis for geophysical models (core−mantle interactions, cosmogenic processes, and more) as well as a reference for archaeomagnetic dating.
Avast concentration of local plain ware pottery dated to the Persian period (late 6th–4th
centuries B.C.E.) was discovered during E. Mazar’s 2007–2008 excavations in Area G. The
pottery was recovered from a sequence of stratified fills (Strata 9A–B) with no architectural
remains, which had accumulated beneath the Northern Tower.
These, in turn, lay above earlier stratified fills (Stratum 9/10) dated by Mazar to the Babylonian
period. Despite the large amount of pottery unearthed, the vast majority comprises small
sherds; the indicative pieces are usually small rim fragments, with the exception of the mortaria
and carrot-shaped bottles. The typological discussion presented here is therefore based
mostly on rim morphology.
Etude de trois timbres representant une croix (tet) comprise dans un cercle, imprimees sur des anses de ceramiques, et provenant de Tell en-Nasbeh. Le contexte historique de ces timbre pourrait etre la seconde moite du 6e siecle av. J.-C., c'est-a-dire la periode suivant le retour d'exil en Babylonie
In 1980-1i excavations were carried out in the ancient synagogue and surrounding village at Nabratein in Galilee in Israel, under the direction of E.M. Meyers, C.L. Meyers and J.F. Strange. Among the special finds published from the excavations is a black ceramic bowl that bears an incised depiction of the Torah Shrine. Whereas the excavators have dated the bowl to the Byzantine period, an examination of published parallels indicates that it should instead be assigned to the eighth to ninth centuries A.D. The bowl from Nabratein thus provides archaeological evidence for the continued existence of a Jewish community in the centuries following the Muslim conquest.
This study deals with early Islamic inscribed pottery lamps in Jordan, of which there are only 14 altogether in Jordanian museum collections. They come from the Jordanian Archaeological Museum (Nos. 1–2, 8, 12–13, 15), the local museums of Jerash city (Nos. 4, 6–7, 9–10) and Irbid (No.5), and from the University of Jordan Museum (Nos. 3, 11). Lamp No. 14 which is decorated with floral motifs and birds and dated to the Umayyad period has been included in this research to shed some light on the present study. A Byzantine lamp (No. 16) is also added to show how such inscribed Islamic lamps have developed directly from their Byzantine counterparts.
Excavations conducted approximately 100 m west of the Western Wall in 2005-2009 by Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah and Alexander Onn revealed an impressive building, probably a four-room house, that was constructed in the seventh century BCE (Plan 1; see Keel, this volume; Ornan, this volume; Ornan et al., this volume). The article first discusses inscriptions incised on three pottery fragments (Items 1-3; Table 1:1-3; Figs. 1-3) that were found in the fills beneath the floors of the building. It then singles out incised marks on 23 additional potsherds (Items 4-26; Table 1: 4-26; Figs. 4-8) from among many that were found in the fills beneath the floors and in the debris that was deposited in and around the building after its destruction in the first quarter of the sixth century BCE (586 BCE?). The debris, originating higher up on the western slope, yielded an assemblage containing only late Iron Age finds (eighth-sixth centuries BCE). The inscriptions and the markings were incised with a stylus.
The article is a rejoinder to the recent discussion on the date of latemonarchic (Iron IIB-C) Judahite seal impressions (Lipschits, Sergi and Koch 2010; 2011; Koch and Lipschits 2010; Ussishkin 2011; Lipschits 2012). It contends with two main issues: (1) Methodological observations regarding the transition from the Iron IIB to the Iron IIC pottery horizons in Judah and their implications for the date of the lmlk seal impressions; (2) The date of appearance of the rosette seal impressions and its implications for the "archaeology of the days of Manasseh" paradigm. The author agrees with Lipschits et al.'s early 7th century dating of the late lmlk seal impressions, but would place the transition from the concentric incisions to the rosette impressions somewhat before the middle of the 7th century BCE, in the days of King Manasseh. © Friends of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University 2012.
The transition from the late Byzantine to the early Islamic period was one of considerable changes in language and script, religion, economics, and state organization. At the same time there was a certain amount of continuity that can be seen in the material culture from Umayyad period sites. One example is the jug of Naoumas that was inscribed in Greek with a Semitic name. This interim report explores the archaeological, linguistic, and historical setting of this find, and introduces us to the inhabitants of Tell Jawa.
in two recent issues of Tel Aviv, Oded lipschits, Omer Sergi and ido Koch (2010, 2011) suggested a new chronological scheme for the lmlk stamped storage jars in Judah. They divided these, as well as the storage jars with concentric circle incisions and rosette stamp impressions into five stages of manufacture and use, from ca. 730 BCE to 587/6 BCE. Based on this chronological scheme lipschits, Sergi and Koch presented various historical conclusions with regard to Judah. The present paper argues that all the lmlk and 'private' stamps, as well as the concentric circle incisions, were applied concurrently to the storage jars shortly before Sennacherib's campaign in 701 BCE, while the rosette stamped storage jars date to shortly before the Babylonian conquest of Judah in 587/6 BCE. Hence, the chronological scheme of lipschits, Sergi and Koch as well as the various historical conclusions based on it cannot be accepted.
The yršlm stamp impressions are the final link in a long chain of a Judahite- Yehudite-Judean administrative tradition of stamping handles or bodies of storage jars. With its cessation, the system that functioned for 600 years under Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian, Ptolemaic and Seleucid rule from the 8th century BCE through to the establishment of the Hasmonean kingdom, fell into obsolescence. This paper presents an updated corpus of the yršlm stamped jar handles. The authors discuss the following issues: distribution and chronology of the finds; their connection to the late yhwd stamp impressions; the reason why the administrative system in Judea began using iconographic symbols hundreds of years after employing only script on the stamped jar system; the meaning of the pentagram symbol utilized in these seals; and the function of the stamping system in the Hasmonean kingdom in the 2nd century BCE.
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