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LISREL Approaches to Interaction Effects in Multiple Regression
Journal of the American Statistical Association
... For both moderated and mediated effects, two types of statistical strategies are discussed: multiple regression (as reviewed by Baron & Kenny, 1986, and as used by several investigators) and structural equation modeling (SEM; see Tabachnick & Fidell, 1996, for a relatively straightforward discussion; also see Bollen, 1989;Byrne, 1994;Hoyle, 1995;Jaccard & Wan, 1996;Mueller, 1996). Although SEM is often considered the preferred method because of the information that it provides on the degree of "fit" for the entire model after controlling for measurement error (Peyrot, 1996), proper use of regression techniques can also provide meaningful tests of hypotheses. ...
... Because of the problem of compounding of measurement error when computing interaction terms, several authors have maintained that SEM strategies provide a less biased assessment of the significance of moderator effects (e.g., Jaccard & Wan, 1996;Peyrot, 1996;Ping, 1996). In fact, regression strategies tend to underestimate the effect size of the interaction term, particularly as measurement error in the predictor and moderator variable increases (Jaccard & Wan, 1996;Peyrot, 1996). ...
... Because of the problem of compounding of measurement error when computing interaction terms, several authors have maintained that SEM strategies provide a less biased assessment of the significance of moderator effects (e.g., Jaccard & Wan, 1996;Peyrot, 1996;Ping, 1996). In fact, regression strategies tend to underestimate the effect size of the interaction term, particularly as measurement error in the predictor and moderator variable increases (Jaccard & Wan, 1996;Peyrot, 1996). The SEM strategy is also preferred when the investigator has more than one measured variable for each of the constructs (or latent variables) assessed. ...
Numerous recent attempts to identify mediated and moderated effects in child-clinical and pediatric research on child adjustment have been characterized by terminological, conceptual, and statistical inconsistencies. To promote greater clarity, the terms mediating and moderating are defined and differentiated. Recommended statistical strategies that can be used to test for these effects are reviewed (i.e., multiple regression and structural equation modeling techniques). The distinction between mediated and indirect effects is also discussed. Examples of troublesome and appropriate uses of these terms in the child-clinical and pediatric psychology literatures are highlighted.
... for this measurement. According to Jaccard and Wan (1996), the fit of the data to the model was determined using the fit indices of Chi-square, ratio of Chi-square to degrees of freedom, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), incremental fit index (IFI), and comparative fit index (CFI) (Jaccard and Wan, 1996;Meyers et al., 2016). The original fit index for structural models, Chi-square, is directly derived from the fit function. ...
... for this measurement. According to Jaccard and Wan (1996), the fit of the data to the model was determined using the fit indices of Chi-square, ratio of Chi-square to degrees of freedom, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), incremental fit index (IFI), and comparative fit index (CFI) (Jaccard and Wan, 1996;Meyers et al., 2016). The original fit index for structural models, Chi-square, is directly derived from the fit function. ...
Purpose:
The present research translated and validated the Persian version of the Everyday Memory Questionnaire-Revised (EMQ-R) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
Methods:
A two-step study was performed in the current work. First, the scale was translated and culturally adopted to Persian. In the second step, the translated questionnaire was presented to 150 patients with MS and 50 individuals in the control group. Then, construct validity (factor analysis and clinical validity) and reliability measures (test-retest reliability and internal consistency) were computed for this questionnaire.
Results:
Patients with MS obtained higher scores in EMQ-R than the control group (p < .001). The findings of the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett test approved the sampling adequacy for computing the factor analysis (p < .001). The accuracy of the three-dimensional structure was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Findings of test-retest (ICC = .95, 95%CI .91-.98, p < .001) and internal consistency revealed a satisfactory value (α = .95, p < .001).
Conclusions:
Satisfactory findings for construct validity and high values for reliability revealed that the Persian version of EMQ-R is a reliable and valid scale to measure the everyday memory of patients with MS in the cognitive assessments of this group.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONPersian EMQ-R is a valid, reliable, fast, and easy to administer tool for evaluating the beliefs and insights of patients suffering from MS or other clinical conditions about their cognitive dysfunctions, in day-to-day lives with some differentiation between memory and attentional difficulties. This questionnaire can be a practical clinical tool for the assessment of the cognitive deficits, which might not be detected via formal neuropsychological assessments, and could be a valuable scale to measure the effects of treatment approaches to level up memory function in a way that could be generalized to daily life performance.
... This shows that the observed covariance matrix is similar to the predicted covariance matrix. Many researchers, such as Marsh et al. (1996) and Jaccard and Wan (1996) suggest that variety of fit indices should be applied to the model in order to deal with the limitations of each index (Marsh et al, 1996;Jaccard and Wan, 1996). According to Ullman (2001) relative chi-square (χ2/df) value should be less than 2 (Ullman, 2001), according to Schumacker and Lomax (2004) it should be less than 5 (Schumacher and Lomax, 2004). ...
... This shows that the observed covariance matrix is similar to the predicted covariance matrix. Many researchers, such as Marsh et al. (1996) and Jaccard and Wan (1996) suggest that variety of fit indices should be applied to the model in order to deal with the limitations of each index (Marsh et al, 1996;Jaccard and Wan, 1996). According to Ullman (2001) relative chi-square (χ2/df) value should be less than 2 (Ullman, 2001), according to Schumacker and Lomax (2004) it should be less than 5 (Schumacher and Lomax, 2004). ...
The purpose of study was to develop and validate a scale in order to investigate the consciousness and habits of individuals on zero waste awareness pre-pandemic and during COVID-19 period in Turkey. The study group which was sampled using criteria-sampling consists of 523 individuals who have or have not been infected with the virus. The data collected were analyzed using IBM SPPS and IBM SPSS AMOS software. Cronbach's alpha coefficient calculated for internal consistency in determining the level of reliability of the developed scale was 0.82 and 0.79 for pre-pandemic and during pandemic, respectively. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin coefficients (0.77 and 0.79) and the Bartlett test of sphericity results (both p<0.000) showed that the sample size is satisfactory for the measurement of the construct and the items have patterned relationships. Principal component analysis generated an 8-item scale with two factors. While the 8 items chosen to explain 62% of the total variance for pre-pandemic, they explain 61% of the total variance for during pandemic. Using the results, the goodness of fit indices used (chi-square/df, RMSEA, GFI, IFI, CFI, CR, AVE) for the model have presented that the scale developed in study is valid and reliable research instrument.
... According to researchers such as Converse and Presser (1986), five response options offer enough detail without jeopardizing the accuracy of the findings. Furthermore, compared to other response options, five-point scales maximize response variability, facilitating stronger category discrimination, according to a study by Jaccard and Wan (1996). When examining attitudinal or opinion-based dimensions, this variability helps identify significant variances. ...
In social science research, the number of measurement scales is crucial since it might impact the validity and reliability of the results. The purpose of this study was to determine how many measuring scales yielded the best findings in terms of reliability and validity. Three-, five-, seven- and 10-point scales were used to examine the learning behavior of 131 higher education students in this study. The findings indicate that, in comparison to the other three scales, the use of a seven-point scale offers the maximum level of measurement validity and reliability. Consequently, to increase the accuracy of findings, social scientists are advised to employ a seven-point rating, particularly for those studying human behavior.
... Following Jaccard and Wan (1996), two phases were required. First, for both sub-groups (positive and negative experiences), the parameters and significance of hypotheses were estimated. ...
Purpose
This paper aims to analyze brand loyalty and electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) antecedents in restaurants: (1) utilitarian and hedonic benefits, (2) brand satisfaction and (3) brand love. It also provides valuable knowledge through the comparison between positive and negative restaurant experiences.
Design/methodology/approach
A survey was carried out of restaurant satisfied and dissatisfied consumers. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and multi-group analysis (MGA) were performed to examine the cause-and-effect relationship in both groups.
Findings
The results show the relevance of benefits, brand satisfaction and brand love as causes for brand loyalty and e-WOM. Also, these relationships are significantly stronger for dissatisfied consumers than for satisfied ones.
Originality/value
The outcome of the research provides new insights to develop a conceptual stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) model of consumers’ restaurant behavior by drawing comparisons across satisfied and dissatisfied ones.
... Marsh, Balla, and Hau [15] emphasize the importance of considering multiple indices to gain a comprehensive understanding of model fit. Similarly, Jaccard and Wan [16] recommend using indices from different classes to address the limitations inherent in any single index. This strategy ensures a more robust evaluation of the model. ...
This research explores the essential aspects of reporting fit indices in Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), focusing on their significance, methodologies for evaluation, and implications for model validity. The aim is to provide a comprehensive understanding of how fit indices contribute to the rigor and reliability of SEM studies. Methodologically, the study reviews prominent fit indices such as Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), Standardized Root Mean Residual (SRMR), and Chi-Square Test of Model Fit (χ²). Each index is defined, and specific threshold values are discussed to guide researchers in interpreting their findings effectively. Originality in this study lies in synthesizing current literature to emphasize the importance of transparent reporting practices in SEM, enhancing 562 methodological clarity and promoting replicable research outcomes. Contributions include a structured approach to understanding fit indices' roles in model assessment and validation, aiding researchers in advancing theoretical frameworks with robust empirical support.
... Before conducting factor analysis, data normality was checked using skewness and kurtosis as indicators. Because of the large sample size [36] and the normal distribution of scores, parametric statistics were applied [37,38]. ...
Background
The clinical learning environment (CLE) plays a crucial role in shaping the learning experiences and professional development of medical professionals. Understanding and optimising this environment is essential for improving doctors’ knowledge acquisition, clinical skills, and overall well-being. The development of the Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM) and its translation to numerous languages has been a milestone in clinical education. Even though PHEEM was recently translated into Arabic, its psychometric properties in this form remain unevaluated. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a comprehensive psychometric analysis of the Arabic version of the PHEEM questionnaire.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional questionnaire survey validation study. The defined population were medical residents in Damascus, Syria. A paper-based survey as well as an online-based one were conducted using several non-probability sampling methods namely, convenience, river and, snowball sampling between June 15, 2023, and June 21, 2023. Both exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analyses were conducted. Several psychometric criteria were applied including scree plot, eigenvalue > 1.5 and the ‘proportion of variance accounted for’ criterion.
Results
A total of 543 participants completed the questionnaire (56.9% female). Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure for sample adequacy was high (0.937) and the P-value for Bartlett’s test was < 0.001. EFA revealed five meaningful factors which were labelled: perception of teachers, learner’s engagement and social participation, external regulation, work culture, and living conditions. These factors had the following eigenvalues: 12.6, 2.18, 2.03, 1.86, and 1.41 respectively, with a total explained variance of 43.45%. Cronbach’s Alpha was 0.938. CFA confirmed the model structure of EFA (SRMR = 0.067 and RMSEA = 0.066). The Average Variance Explained (AVE) value of any given factor was > 0.7.
Discussion
The Arabic PHEEM inventory demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties. The extracted domains are of theoretical relevance to the psychosocial-material conceptual framework for learning environment. Nonetheless, this validation was performed in the Syrian context; therefore, future studies in other Arabic countries are recommended to support the applicability of Arabic PHEEM in the wide Arab World.
... The CFA of the measurement models and the path analysis models were constructed and tested using path analysis in LISREL 12, with the full-information maximum likelihood estimator. The goodness of fit of the models was evaluated based on several criteria, including a chi-square ranging from 2 to 5, a comparative fit index (CFI) and non-normed fit index rating of 0.90 or above, a standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) value of 0.08 or below, and a root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) value of 0.08 or below, with a 90% confidence interval that holds within this value considered indicative of a good fit (Jaccard and Wan, 1996;Hu and Bentler, 1999). The data analysis is expected to explore the relationships between the variables and identify potential mediating factors. ...
The classification of internet gaming disorder (IGD) as a mental condition for further study in 2013 marked the emerging recognition of potential mental health issues associated with internet and gaming addiction. The COVID-19 pandemic and the rapid growth of gaming technology have combined to increase internet gaming, resulting in unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, poor sleep quality and psychological distress. Identifying the complex interplay between internet problem use, sleep disorders and psychological distress is crucial. However, it remains unclear how physical activity and self-compassion could improve sleep quality when individuals experience IGD symptoms. The current study, therefore, examined the relationships between IGD, sleep quality, self-compassion, physical activity and psychological distress using a path analysis approach. The study, targeting young adults (N = 283), found that physical activity played a significant role in connecting the variables and supporting the overall fit of the model. The results suggest that interventions targeting individuals with IGD should focus on promoting physical activity participation and developing self-compassion. Future research should continue to investigate the effectiveness of clinical interventions that incorporate self-compassion and physical activity counseling for individuals with IGD.
... These findings align with the larger body of research on variance explained by R 2 scores. Previous research, such as that conducted by Jaccard and Wan (1996) in their investigation of relationship satisfaction, has established that R 2 values in the vicinity of .30 are typically regarded as substantial and signify a significant proportion of variance explained. ...
With rude and discourteous encounters in the workplace becoming more
common, Workplace incivility (WI) is at an all-time high. As such, workers experience
levels of burnout from these negative social interactions. The literature concedes that the
results of these interactions lead to mounting burnout, causing negative physical and
emotional outcomes at the individual and organizational levels. Considering that the
literature also supports that employees have the potential to recover from burnout
symptoms through rest, obtaining the perception of control of their circumstances, and
cognitive reframing, the time and activities a worker spends at home carry the potential
for minimizing burnout from daily incivility. Recognizing the potential of home-based
activities and support to minimize burnout, this research emphasizes romantic partner
support as a means to manage stress. This study, grounded in the Conservation of
Resources Theory, explores the moderating effect of romantic partner support on the
relationship between daily WI and burnout recovery. Using a diary study method over
five consecutive workdays with 277 participants, the findings reveal a nuanced
interaction between workplace stressors and personal relationships. Individual differences
in romantic partner support were found to moderate the influence of WI on burnout
recovery. These results have real-world implications, especially in demanding work
environments, and extend previous research on WI, romantic partner support, and
exhaustion recovery. The study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of
navigating workplace challenges and fostering resilience and well-being, concluding with
a discussion of findings and suggestions for practice and future research.
... The chi-square tests showed an unacceptable fit of the data to the models, with the minimum acceptable p-value being 0.05. However, unacceptable model fit would also require an root mean square error of approximation value over 0.10 (Browne and Cudeck, 1993) and/or Tucker-Lewis index/ NNFI and comparative fit index values over 0.90 (Hu and Bentler, 1999;Jaccard and Wan, 1996). Our results showed that all the factor loadings were statistically significant, and the coefficients were substantial, which supported both the weak and strong conditions of convergent validity (Steenkamp and van Trijp, 1991). ...
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to describe latent classes explaining the innovation logic in the Finnish construction companies. Innovativeness is a driver of competitive performance and vital to the long-term success of any organisation and company.
Design/methodology/approach
Using finite mixture structural equation modelling (FMSEM), the authors have classified innovation logic into latent classes. The method analyses and recognises classes for companies that have similar logic in innovation activities based on the collected data.
Findings
Through FMSEM analysis, the authors have identified three latent classes that explain the innovation logic in the Finnish construction companies – LC1: the internal innovators; LC2: the non-innovation-oriented introverts; and LC3: the innovation-oriented extroverts. These three latent classes clearly capture the perceptions within the industry as well as the different characteristics and variables.
Research limitations/implications
The presented latent classes explain innovation logic but is limited to analysing Finnish companies. Also, the research is quantitative by nature and does not increase the understanding in the same manner as qualitative research might capture on more specific aspects.
Practical implications
This paper presents starting points for construction industry companies to intensify innovation activities. It may also indicate more fundamental changes for the structure of construction industry organisations, especially by enabling innovation friendly culture.
Originality/value
This study describes innovation logic in Finnish construction companies through three models (LC1–LC3) by using quantitative data analysed with the FMSEM method. The fundamental innovation challenges in the Finnish construction companies are clarified via the identified latent classes.
... Although recent advances in latent variable modeling now make it possible to take the effects of random measurement into account when assessing interaction effects (Jaccard & Wan, 1996), the implementation of these procedures is fraught with difficulty, especially when more than one interaction effect must be taken into account at the same time. Nevertheless, the effects of random measurement error should be kept in mind as the findings from this study are reviewed. ...
The purpose of this study is to examine the interface between financial strain, informal received economic support, informal anticipated financial support, and psychological distress in later life. Data provided by a large probability sample of older adults in the People’s Republic of China reveal that the relationship between financial difficulty and psychological distress is stronger for older adults who receive more economic assistance. However, the results involving anticipated support are in the opposite direction. More specifically, the association between financial problems and psychological distress is lower for older adults who believe that others stand ready to help in the future should the need arise. A detailed theoretical rationale is developed to explain these results.
... Sample size can also be an issue when using the SEM method [45]. A minimum sample size of 100-150 individuals is recommended in some papers, while others suggest at least 200 individuals [46][47][48]. We chose to keep this model despite our small sample size because the final model has sufficient statistical power (0.975), and all the 8 Depression and Anxiety goodness-of-fit indices (TLI, CFI, RMSEA, and SRMR) have satisfactory thresholds [16]. ...
First responders intervening in crisis situations are likely to subsequently develop mental disorders. We aimed to identify factors associated with anxiety disorders after a terrorist attack in both the medium and long terms. We used data collected on 180 first responders (medical/psychological health professionals and emergency rescue teams) interviewed face to face at 6-10 months (medium term) and 18-22 months (long term) after the January 2015 terrorist attacks in France. Anxiety disorders were measured using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview V6 and several other variables including terror exposure (comprising perceived level of exposure and real exposure level), sociodemographic characteristics, social support, mental health history, and access to psychological support resources. We developed a structural equation model to examine the interactions between these different factors. Postattack anxiety disorder prevalence in the medium and long terms was 16% and 14%, respectively. The main associated factors in the medium term were barriers to social support, perceived level of exposure, and a lack of psychological support resources. In the long term, the presence of anxiety disorders in the medium term and barriers to social support were directly associated with having anxiety disorders, while reexposure was indirectly associated. Barriers to social support played a crucial role in the prevalence of anxiety disorders in first responders following this traumatic event, both in the medium and long terms. Promoting stronger social cohesion and providing more psychological support resources following a disaster could help prevent anxiety disorders in this population.
... Therefore, it is essential to take into account the interaction effects among meteorological items. In statistical analysis, when one explanatory variable influences the relationship between the other variables to the dependent items, that is typically represented as a product value between those two distinct parameters [53]. The performance the proposed expansion model upon the inclusion of interaction variables is compared in Table 7. Model 1 is selected as the reference model for comparison. ...
Accurate and detailed solar radiation data play a crucial role in the simulation of building thermal and photovoltaic systems. However, developing a highly precise and dependable solar radiation model using cost-effective data has proven challenging. This work proposes a new attenuation solar radiation model formed by conducting a comprehensive analysis of existing models and gaining new insights into solar radiation's seasonal and stochastic properties. Meanwhile, the model is constructed using easily obtainable surface meteorological parameters. The results demonstrate that the proposed model exhibits good performance in terms of prediction accuracy. Moreover, the majority of existing hourly solar radiation models have been primarily developed for clear-sky conditions. However, there is a growing demand for solar radiation hourly estimations that can uphold a high level of accuracy and reliability even in different weather state. Conversely, the proposed model is developed and validated by more than twenty year's meteorological data encompassing various weather conditions in Japan. It effectively captures the stochastic nature of solar radiation by utilizing turbidity parameters, even on cloudy and rainy days. Additionally, the inclusion of interaction variables significantly enhances its interpretability.
... sorular yöneltilir. Bu sorulardan oluşturulan metrik çerçevesinde cevap vermesi istenir (Jaccard andWan, 1996, Eroğlu, 2005: 11). ...
... Bishop and Miller 2007;Molnarova et al. 2012;Baxter et al. 2013;Maehr et al. 2015), various scales could be found, such as 1 to 10 (Álvarez-Farizo and Hanley 2002;Lothian 2008;Tsoutsos et al. 2009), 1 to 5 (Strumse 1996; Cañas et al. 2009;Tveit 2009) or 0 to 10 (Sevenant and Antrop 2009;. Nonetheless, considering Crask and Fox (1987) and Jaccard and Wan (1996) recommendation, as well as other works (Kaltenborn and Berje, 2002;Svobodova et al. 2012), in this study each photograph was scored on a 7-point scale from 1 (dislike) to 7 (very much). ...
Context
Renewable energy sources development has introduced wind farms as a regular landscape element. However, as human-made elements, wind farms influence on landscape's scenic beauty differently according to the socio-demographic characteristics of the beholder.
Objectives
In this regard, the study analyses the population's visual perception of wind farms into Mediterranean landscapes with reference to three social variables: gender, age and education level.
Method
People's preferences were assessed through two on-line surveys with several landscape photographs, with and without wind turbines. Subsequently, the score of each photograph was statistically analyzed regarding the landscapes showed and the respondents' socio-demographic variables.
Results
The results demonstrate how vegetation had a positive effect in landscape' scenic beauty, especially forest, as well as people do not perceive negatively wind turbines presence. In fact, their implementation in deteriorated or low scored landscapes improves its scenic beauty. Lastly, despite the fact that gender, age and education do not influence on people's perception, there is a trend between these factors and wind turbines influence on landscape.
Conclusions
In addition to reinforce the vegetation positive effects on landscape’ scenic beauty, wind turbines have become a new landscape element that, in general, do not have a negative impact on its scenic beauty but, according to age, different consideration appeared.
... Müşteri memnuniyet anketi hazırlanırken etkisi en fazla olan konulara odaklanılmakta, daha çok işletme ürünleri ile ilgili olarak tüketici istek ve beklentileri, verdikleri değer karşılığında elde ettikleri fayda, şikayetler, geliştirilmeye açık yönler gibi sorulara ağırlık verilmektedir. Müşterilerin ise, bu sorulara belirli bir ölçek kullanarak yanıt vermesi istenmektedir (Jaccard and Wan, 1996). ...
Bu çalışma, işletmelerin pazarlama faaliyetleri kapsamında uyguladıkları rekabete dayalı fiyatlandırma stratejilerinin müşteri memnuniyeti üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaya yönelik olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. 01-(28) Şubat 2018 tarihleri arasında, Niğde ve yöresindeki kuyumcu esnafı ile yapılan yüz yüze görüşmeler neticesinde elde edilen veriler ve bilgiler doğrultusunda, kuyumcular tarafından 7 yıl boyunca ara verilmeden sürdürülen rekabete dayalı fiyatlandırma ile müşteri memnuniyeti arasındaki ilişkiye yönelik olarak içerik çözümlemesi yöntemi yapılarak sonuçları değerlendirilmektedir. Aynı zamanda, Niğde ve yöresindeki kuyumcu işletmelerin altın pazarlamasında yap-tıkları rekabete dayalı fiyatlandırma ile müşteri memnuniyeti konularında yaşadıkları pazarlama sorunlarına da çalışmada yer verilmektedir. Gerçekleştirilen çalışma, keşifsel bir araştırma olup, araştırma mevcut durumu belirlemeye yönelik tanımlayıcı durum tespiti yapmak amacındadır. Yine araştırma, daha önce bu alanda çalışma yapılmaması * Bu çalışma 03-05 Mayıs 2018 tarihlerinde Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi ev sahipliğinde düzenlenen "4. Uluslararası Sosyal Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler Sempozyumu (Asoscongres 2018)"nda sunulan bildirinin gözden geçirilerek genişletilmiş halidir.
... Various additional goodness-of-fit indicators were involved [49] and, with the following level of index, assumed to be a good fit: the minimum fit function (X 2 ), having chi-square to the degree of freedom ratio value range 2-5 as an acceptable fit [50]; Comparative Fit Index (CFI; [51]) and Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) rated as 0.90 or above [50]; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) value of 0.08 or below [51]; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) value as between 0.05-0.08, with a 90% confidence interval [52]. ...
During the great life-altering challenges brought by Coronavirus 2019, school closures and lack of access to exercise and social interactions may have increased students’ negative emotions. The current research acts as a follow-up study to the development of the EXSEM-SC, using the Repeated Measures Panel Analysis Framework (RMPAF) to examine the stability of the model in revealing the relationship between physical activity, self-compassion, and mental well-being among Hong Kong adolescents. It is also aimed at examining the changes in physical activity, self-compassion, and mental well-being among Hong Kong adolescents between, before, and after the peak of COVID-19 using the EXSEM-SC Model. The RMPAF has involved 572 (60% Female, Mage = 13.63, SD =1.31) Hong Kong secondary school students. Furthermore, using the abductive qualitative approach, a total of 25 (Mage = 14.84, SD = 1.40) students were involved in the in-depth interviews to further investigate the relationships within the EXSEM-SC. The quantitative results showed that the relationship between physical activity and self-compassion could be demonstrated by the EXSEM-SC, with a satisfactory goodness-of-fit index in the SEMs, as well as satisfying model construct consistency. Moreover, it showed no significant differences in the level of physical activity, self-compassion, and mental well-being during and after the peak of COVID-19. The qualitative results demonstrated two new categories within the EXSEM-SC variables, which are personality traits and injuries experiences. With the stability of the EXSEM-SC model among adolescents, it is expected that the physical activity intervention, which is based on the EXSEM-SC model, could also aim at easing Hong Kong adolescent’s mental health issues. In addition, in terms of generating a long-term impact among students, the physical activity and self-compassionate intervention should be promoted among schools. However, the quantitative properties of the two new categories in the qualitative outcomes should be involved in future investigation.
... If the outcome and mediator have highly skewed distributions, we will use semiparametric methods for more robust inference in these models as well as apply appropriate variable transformation to improve efficiency [47,48]. We will report standard goodness-of-fit measures-chi-square test, the comparative fit index (CFI), the index of Tucker and Lewis (TLI), and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) [46,49,50]. Increases in social engagement (PROMIS Satisfaction with Social Roles & Activities) at 6 months is hypothesized to mediate the effect of intervention condition on decreased loneliness at 12 months. ...
Objectives
Evidence-based strategies to reduce loneliness in later life are needed because loneliness impacts all domains of health, functioning, and quality of life. Volunteering is a promising strategy, as a large literature of observational studies documents associations between volunteering and better health and well-being. However, relatively few studies have used randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to examine benefits of volunteering, and none have examined loneliness. The primary objective of the Helping Older People Engage (HOPE) study is to examine the social-emotional benefits of a social volunteering program for lonely older adults. This manuscript describes the rationale and design of the trial.
Methods
We are randomly assigning adults aged 60 or older (up to 300) who report loneliness to 12 months of either AmeriCorps Seniors volunteering program or an active control (self-guided life review). Co-primary outcomes are assessed via self-report—loneliness (UCLA Loneliness Scale) and quality of life (WHOQOL-Bref). Enrollment was completed in May 2022 and follow-up assessments will continue through May 2023, with completion of primary outcomes soon thereafter.
Conclusions
Since older adults who report loneliness are less likely to actively seek out volunteering opportunities, if results support efficacy of volunteering for reducing loneliness, dissemination and scaling up efforts may involve connecting primary care patients who are lonely with AmeriCorps Seniors through aging services agencies.
This RCT is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03343483).
... This intended to test the fit of the proposed Questionnaire and the defensibility of its four-structure factors. Multiple goodness-of-fit indices pertaining to different fit classes, as recommended by several authors (Jaccard and Wan, 1996;Brown, 2015) were used, including: (i) as absolute fit indices, the standardized root mean square residual (SRMR)-expecting to obtain values close to zero as possible; the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)-values near or below 0.06 indicate close fit; (ii) as comparative fit index, the comparative fit index (CFI)-indicating an acceptable model with values higher than 0.90; (iii) as parsimony fit index, the PCFI with values greater 0.70 suggesting an acceptable fit. ...
Positive teacher-child relationships promote children’s engagement, as children feel more secure to explore and participate in free or oriented activities. For children with disabilities, a context wherein they can receive the support to maintain a positive engagement in different activities is even more relevant. A scarcity of research exists on how to promote ECEC quality, namely, how to facilitate teacher-child interactions in inclusive environments. This study aims to evaluate preschool teachers’ opinions about the desirability and feasibility of a set of empirically validated strategies to improve teacher-child interactions in ECEC classrooms, for the group and children with disabilities. The participants were 89 Portuguese preschool teachers. Based on a non-systematic literature review, a questionnaire composed of 22 strategies to facilitate teacher-child interactions (in 4 dimensions: emotionally responsive interactions, classroom management, attend to children’s perspectives, and scaffolding learning) was developed. Along with the questionnaire, a set of socio-demographic variables was also collected. ECEC teachers scored significantly higher in the desirability subscale compared with the feasibility subscale in all dimensions and at both the child and the group level. This gap between teachers’ perceived desirability and feasibility provides important insights regarding the dimensions which are important to reinforce in ECEC teachers’ education and professional development. The mean difference between the desirability and feasibility subscales registered a higher effect size at the child’s level than at the group’s level, confirming that the inclusion of children with disabilities in preschool settings remains a challenge. Moreover, the effect size was small to moderate in the Emotionally Responsive Interactions dimension for both child and group levels. These results are aligned with previous studies stating that among different self-identified dimensions for improvement, emotional support is the less evoked by ECEC teachers. Across all dimensions, the main reason teachers give for difficulty in feasibility, both at the group and child’s level, is lack of knowledge. Overall, understanding the reasons teachers attribute to the difference between the strategies’ desirability and feasibility informs the assessment of teacher education needs and might be operationalized as a new observation instrument.
... Regression analysis is one of the most flexible and widely used techniques of quantitative analysis (Hardy, 1993). Multiple regression is a method of analysing the collective and separate contributions of two or more independent variables to the variation of a dependent variable (Kerlinger and Pedhazuer, 1973;Berry and Feldman, 1985;Jaccard, 1990;Jaccard and Wan, 1996). ...
p>The contingency approach is a recent and important development in ABC research. It is suggested that ABC system success will depend upon specific organisational factors such as strategy, structure, technology, and environment. However, less contingency-based research has been done on ABC systems in the UK. Therefore, a contingency model of ABC systems has been developed in order to empirically examine the relationship between ABC systems, competitive strategy, advanced manufacturing technology (AMT), management accounting practices, and the performance of the UK’s manufacturing business units.
Precisely speaking, this study examines one major question: How does the fit between ABC systems, competitive strategy, AMT, and management accounting practices affect the performance of the UK’s manufacturing business units? To investigate this question, a reliable and valid instrument was developed. Extensive efforts were made to ensure content validity during instrument development by carefully designing processes for item generation, pre-testing, and pilot study testing. A cross-sectional mail survey of a sample of 112 UK’s manufacturing business units has been conducted.
The empirical findings of the study show that the use of ABC systems is associated with the performance of the UK’s manufacturing business units. In addition, structural equation modelling (SEM), AMOS 5.0 analysis, offers statistical evidence that the patterns of ABC use by the adopters would influence business units’ performance. The results also indicate empirical support for the study’s major premise that the fit between competitive strategy, AMT, and management accounting practices will be associated with the adoption of the different patterns of ABC systems.
This study contributes to the knowledge and management accounting literature by providing some explanations on the contextual factors that influence the adoption and success of ABC systems. The study concluded that it is not necessarily true that business units that have not adopted ABC systems could improve their performance by simply introducing ABC as stand alone techniques.</p
... In the CFA, four distinct models were tested: model-A: 1-Factor 25 , Model-B: 2-Factor model 26,27 , Model-C: 2-Factor 28 , and Model-D: 3-Factor model 20 . For comparison between different models, six model fit indices belonging to different categories were determined [29][30][31] . Of these, χ2, χ2/df, and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) belonged to the Absolute fit indices category. ...
Purpose
Few studies have investigated the validity of the Athens insomnia scale (AIS) using a robust approach of both classical theory and the rating scale model. Therefore, in this study, we investigated psychometric validation of the AIS using both of these approaches in nurses.
Methods
Nurses (n= 563, age= 33.2±7.1 years) working in health facilities in Saudi Arabia participated in a cross-sectional study. Participants completed the AIS, socio-demographics tool, and sleep health-related questions.
Results
Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) favored a 2-factor structure with both comparative fit index (CFI), and incremental fit index (IFI) having values above 0.95. The 2-factor model had the lowest values of Akaike information criterion (AIC), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), χ², and χ²/df. This 2-factor structure showed configural invariance (CFI more than 0.95, RMSEA less than 0.08, and Χ²/df less than 3), and metric, scalar, and strict invariance (based on Δ CFI ≤-0.01, and Δ RMSEA ≥ 0.015 criteria). No ceiling/floor effects were seen for the AIS total scores. Infit and outfit mean square values for all the items were within the acceptable range (<1.4, >0.6). The threshold estimates for each item were ordered as expected. Cronbach’s α for the AIS tool, factor-1 score, factor-2 score was 0.86, 0.82, and 0.72, respectively. AIS factor scores-1/2 were significantly associated with a habitual feeling of tiredness after usual night sleep (p<0.001), Impairment of daytime socio-occupational functioning (p<0.05), and with a feeling of daytime fatigue, irritability, and restlessness (p<0.05).
Conclusion
The findings favor the validity of a 2-factor structure of the AIS with adequate item properties, convergent validity, and reliability in nurses.
... With 55 items across the scales (i.e. narcissism, political skill, ambition and deviance) and 335 participants, the subject-to-item ratio was 6.09, below the preferred minimum ratio of 10 to 1 for CFA/SEM analyses (see Bentler and Chou, 1987;Jaccard and Wan, 1996). Therefore, we used the single-factor analytic (SFA) parceling technique recommended by Landis et al. (2000) for our CFA/SEM analyses. ...
Purpose
Workplace deviance remains a concern for many organizations, and narcissism has been identified as a primary contributor. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether political skill and ambition interact with narcissism to attenuate or exacerbate workplace deviance.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors surveyed a sample of 335 participants in leadership positions and empirically tested interactions among political skill, narcissism and ambition in predicting workplace deviance.
Findings
The authors performed moderated hierarchical regression analyses on the data to test the hypothesis and research question. Contrary to expectations, political skill attenuated the relationship between narcissism and workplace deviance. However, ambition was found to attenuate deviance, with the highest levels of deviance evident when narcissism was high, political skill was low, and ambition was also low.
Originality/value
Although research has examined the relationship between narcissism and workplace deviance, to the authors’ knowledge, the study is the first to examine the roles of political skill and ambition in attenuating the manifestation of narcissism into workplace deviance.
... To evaluate the models' fit and the extent to which they can be useful, several metrics were estimated for both the expert and public models. According to Jaccard and Wan (1996), at least three metrics are needed for this evaluation. For this purpose, according to the literature, four indices or metrics were selected from a dozen fit statistics: nonnormed fit index (NNFI), comparative fit index (CFI), root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA), and chi-square divided by degree of freedom (χ 2 =DF). ...
... To investigate these surprising results in greater detail, we conducted a post-hoc analysis and investigated the nonlinear moderating effects of environmental uncertainty on the linkages between AC and MCS. We utilized ordinary least squares (OLS) regression for this purpose drawing on the procedure proposed by Jaccard [30] and used by Schilke [52]. With the latent variable scores from SmartPLS 3 as the input, we calculated the square of the moderating variable (environmental uncertainty), estimated the linear and squared product terms, and lastly assessed the regression equations given below: ...
In this study, we investigated how management control systems (MCS) aid in translating analytics capabilities (AC) generated insights into enhanced organizational competitiveness under conditions of environmental uncertainty. The survey data from 405 manufacturing firms offers several unique contributions. First, it reveals that the link between AC and organizational competitiveness is not necessarily direct and may occur through MCS. Thus, it offers interesting insights concerning the mechanisms through which AC can generate value and competitiveness. Second, this study borrows from Simons’ (1995, 2000) levers of control (LoC) framework and offers a holistic and more in-depth understanding of the connections between AC, MCS, and organizational competitiveness. Third, by considering the nonlinear moderating role of environmental uncertainty, it offers a response to recent calls for research on the circumstances under which AC-generated insights can lead to organizational competitiveness. It also provides a response to recent calls for further research on AC - MCS relationships. Fourth, the study draws on a dynamic capabilities perspective to analyze how MCS can help translate AC-generated insights into improved organizational competitiveness. While this perspective has proven its worth in the information systems literature, it has received less attention with regards to management control processes.
... acceptable), normed fit index (NFI>0.90) (Jaccard & Wann, 1996) and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA<0.08, adequate model fit; Öcal, 2011) were used to as criteria to check the model fit (Maruyama, 1998). ...
The purpose of this research was to examine the reliability and validity of Bull’s Mental Skills Questionnaire (BMSQ), measuring seven psychological skills resulting in a total scale score, within Turkey. The sample consisting of 163 males and 131 females, totaling 294 athletes, completed the 28 item BMSQ. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were undertaken. EFA results yielded a satisfactory seven-factor solution, the same as the English version. Cronbach alpha (α) reliability indices were as follows: concentration ability (0.71), anxiety and worry management (0.63), relaxation ability (0.69), imagery ability (0.73), self-confidence (0.72), motivation (0.64) and mental preparation (0.52). The BMSQ explained 62% of the total variance. Moreover, model fit indices calculated during CFA for the 28 item and 7 sub-dimensions model of BMSQ indicated an acceptable fit [Chi-Square (ꭓ²)=541.2, df=328, ꭓ²/df=1.65, Root Mean Square Error Approximation (RMSEA)=0.05, Comparative Fit Index (CFI)=0.95, Goodness of Fit Index (GFI)=0.90, Normed Fit Index (NFI)=0.89, and Non Normed Fit Index (NNFI)=0.90]. Thus, the original 7-factor solution was supported with the data collected from Turkish participants. Results demonstrated that the BMSQ is a valid and reliable instrument for the Turkish population.
... Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used in order to replicate the factor structure of the instruments used in the study. The fit indices displayed in Table 1 indicate a good model fit for the factor structures; the RMSEA values are recommended to be below 0.10 for a moderate fit, below 0.05 for a good fit, and below 0.01 for an outstanding fit to the data (Hair, Anderson, Tatham and Black, 2000), values above 0.90 are recommended for a good fit for GFI, AGFI, NFI, TLI and CFI (Jaccard and Wan, 1996) and the x 2 /d.f. ratio bellow 5 is considered acceptable and below 3 indicates a good fit of the data (Bollen, 1989). ...
Introducción. Hoy en día uno de los principales objetivos de la educación es ayudar a los estudiantes a ser autónomos y eficaces. Esto sólo es posible en la medida en que los alumnos autorregulen su propio aprendizaje. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue estudiar algunos de los factores contextuales y personales que facilitan este proceso.Método. Los participantes fueron 604 estudiantes de Educación Secundaria en una ciudad al noroeste de España. Se utilizó el Modelado de Ecuaciones Estructurales (SEM) para determinar qué tan bien el modelo teórico propuesto se ajustaba a los datos de la investigación.Resultados. El análisis de las relaciones entre las variables de modelo revelan los siguientes resultados: la percepción de los estudiantes de la estructura del aula es una condición importante para el desarrollo de su orientación personal a metas. La orientación a meta parece conducir a los alumnos a asumir la responsabilidad (o no) con la persistencia y perseverancia necesarias para lograr los objetivos definidos por su orientación motivacional, a través del con-trol de la motivación y la emoción. Este esfuerzo y perseverancia para el logro de la meta a su vez tiene un efecto positivo sobre el uso de estrategias para controlar y dirigir sus procesos mentales para la autorregulación del aprendizaje.Discusión y conclusiones. Este estudio mostró la importancia de la percepción que los estudiantes tienen de la estructura de metas de aula, a fin de involucrarse en su propio aprendizaje y la posibilidad de aumentar el uso de estrategias metacognitivas, para la regulación automática de aprendizaje, mediante el uso de estrategias volitivas.
... To test the hypotheses, we analyzed the linear main effects and the nonlinear moderation effects in Mplus 8.3 using hierarchical ordinary least squares (OLS) regression according to the procedure recommended by Jaccard (2003). To perform this procedure, we computed the average of the items for each construct, and the average for all dimensions of the construct for the multi-dimensional constructs of work engagement and nonwork-related ESM use. ...
Enterprise social media (ESM) enables employees to participate in both work- and nonwork-related (social and hedonic) activities during working hours, providing possibility of it to be an information technology (IT)-based intervention for employees’ work engagement. Drawing on the job demands-resources (JD-R) model, we develop a research model to examine the moderating roles of work- and nonwork-related ESM use in the relationship between work stressors (i.e., challenge stressors and hindrance stressors) and work engagement. The research model was tested using 1104 valid responses collected through an online questionnaire in China, and the empirical results indicate the following: (1) challenge stressors are positively associated with work engagement while hindrance stressors are negatively associated with work engagement; (2) the relationship between challenge stressors and work engagement exhibits a U-shaped effect under the moderation of work-related ESM use but shows an inverted U-shaped effect under the moderation of nonwork-related ESM use; and (3) the relationship between hindrance stressors and work engagement also exhibits a U-shaped effect under the moderation of nonwork-related ESM use. This study contributes to the JD-R model and literature on ESM use and work engagement interventions. Our findings also inform mangers about leveraging ESM for enhancing employees’ work engagement.
... Moreover, these models suffer from several methodological constraints when testing for interaction effects (cf. [96][97][98]). ...
Flight safety is consistently influenced by pilots’ self-inflicted incidents in routine flight operations. For airlines, pilots’ reports on these incidents are essential input to learn from incidents (LFI) and for various safety management processes. This paper aims to explain the voluntary reporting behavior of pilots’ self-inflicted incidents from an occupational safety perspective. We investigate how the relation between pilots’ safety citizenship behavior (SCB) and reporting behavior is moderated by pilots’ fear, shame, goals, and goal-striving when reporting, as well as the influence of a just culture on the decision to report incidents. In total, 202 German commercial pilots participated in an online survey. The results showed that reporting behavior can be considered a specific form of self-intentional SCB, but should be differentiated into sub types depending on a pilot’s unsafe
acts (errors or violations) that caused the incident. Reporting behavior-specific motivational factors influenced different sub types of reporting behavior: Just culture moderated a positive relation between SCB and reported incidents caused by violations. Moreover, depending on the sub type of reporting behavior, the relation was moderated by different types of goals in relation to the pilots. No moderating effects of fear or shame could be demonstrated. Our findings highlight the value of a just culture for encouraging goal-oriented reporting behavior in the context of LFI and safety management.
... In the literature, we can find many different indicators with different threshold values for those indicators that are acceptable for a good model fit. So we relied on several indicators that are used in practice (Marsh & Hau, 1996;Jaccard & Wan, 1996). Basic indicators are χ² = 153.307, ...
The purpose of this paper is to explore the critical success factor for implementing standards, best practices and codes of ethics, what their benefits are when implemented and how they impact the quality of information technology (IT) services. Through extensive literature review and interview with experts in the field we identified instrumental determinants. The structural equation model (SEM) has been used on the case of IT departments in large Slovenian companies to test the hypotheses presented. The study is based on 102 responses from IT managers in large Slovenian companies. Research findings confirmed a positive correlation between used factors.
... Finally, financial and nonfinancial measures were derived from the works of Avci et al., (2011). All the observed variables were measured with descriptive anchors on numeric five-point Likert-style rating scale (Jaccard & Wan, 1996). Respondents were asked to indicate their level of agreement with the questionnaire items, with response ranging from 5 = definitely agree and 1 = definitely disagree. ...
The proposed study intends to investigate stokvels as an alternative tourism investment stimulus for previous disadvantaged communities, and an African solution in the transformation of the tourism sector. A number of tourism scholars, Sebele (2010) and van Niekerk (2014), noted the potential role of tourism development and its role in the empowerment and social-upliftment of communities. Entrepreneurship in tourism offers a social dimension where community engagement plays a key role to integrated and sustainable tourism development. Stokvels are social drivers who generate social capital for the economy of South Africa (Klug, Shulgin, Mate & Trajkovic, 2014) and promote local empowerment (Matuku & Kaseke, 2014). There is a growing need for financial independence through the development of creative and innovative ways for entrepreneurs to source funding or financial support (Mohapeloa, 2017) to build sustainable tourism businesses. This research seeks to explore how stokvels can be utilised as an alternative form of investment for tourism businesses. Three research constructs are proposed namely tourism stokvel investment, tourism stokvel social entrepreneurship and tourism social transformation. Multivariate data analyses techniques using structural equation modelling (SEM) are proposed for the analyses of the primary data of this quantitative study. The paper introduces stokvels as an alternative investment model in the tourism sector, which is socially driven in an informal business environment of the Limpopo Province.
Aim of the present study is to test the validity of a prediction model for saving behavior based on the Model of Goal-directed Behaviour (MGB; Perugini e Bagozzi, 2001). A second aim is to test the invariance of the processes of prediction in university student and non students. The research involved 241 students and 371 adults and has been carried out in two waves. The data have been analyzed by means of structural equation models. In each group, the hypothesized model shows a good fit to data and most of the predicted relations between constructs are significant and in the expected direction. The model explains 23 % of the behavior variance for the students and 22% for the adults. The portion of variance of intention explained by antecedents variables is 39% for the adults and 59% for the students. The model invariance between the two groups was tested by means multi-sample procedure. The chi-square difference tests show that we cannot conclude that the prediction processes are statistically different between the two groups.
[Il presente lavoro si propone di testare un modello di previsione del comportamento di risparmio basato sul Model of Goal-directed Behaviour (MGB; Perugini e Bagozzi, 2001). Un secondo obiettivo è testare l’invarianza dei processi di previsione del comportamento in questione in studenti universitari e non-studenti. La ricerca si è svolta in due fasi e ha coinvolto 241 studenti e 371 adulti. Le analisi sono state condotte mediante modelli di equazioni strutturali. In entrambi i gruppi, il modello ipotizzato si adatta bene ai dati e molte delle relazioni previste tra i costrutti in esso implicati sono significative e nella direzione attesa. Il modello spiega, negli studenti, il 23% della varianza del comportamento e, negli adulti, il 22%, mentre la quota di varianza dell’intenzione spiegata dalle variabili antecedenti risulta pari al 39% nel caso degli adulti e al 59% nel caso degli studenti. Per testare l’invarianza del modello nei due gruppi è stata utilizzata la procedura multi-sample. Sulla base del test della differenza del X² non si può concludere che i processi di previsione del comportamento siano diversi nei due gruppi.]
Introduction
The potential for deployment of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in various fields of medicine is vast, yet acceptance of AI amongst clinicians has been patchy. This research therefore examines the role of antecedents, namely trust, attitude, and beliefs in driving AI acceptance in clinical practice.
Methods
We utilized online surveys to gather data from clinicians in the field of gastroenterology.
Results
A total of 164 participants responded to the survey. Participants had a mean age of 44.49 (SD = 9.65). Most participants were male (n = 116, 70.30%) and specialized in gastroenterology (n = 153, 92.73%). Based on the results collected, we proposed and tested a model of AI acceptance in medical practice. Our findings showed that while the proposed drivers had a positive impact on AI tools’ acceptance, not all effects were direct. Trust and belief were found to fully mediate the effects of attitude on AI acceptance by clinicians.
Discussion
The role of trust and beliefs as primary mediators of the acceptance of AI in medical practice suggest that these should be areas of focus in AI education, engagement and training. This has implications for how AI systems can gain greater clinician acceptance to engender greater trust and adoption amongst public health systems and professional networks which in turn would impact how populations interface with AI. Implications for policy and practice, as well as future research in this nascent field, are discussed.
Customer citizenship behaviors (CCBs) allow firms to boost their performance and competitiveness, but little is known about the impact of customer perceived justice (CPJ) in frontline service encounters on different key dimensions of target-based CCBs. Drawing on the stimulus-organism-response framework and theories of equity and social exchange, the present investigation developed an integrative framework to explore how CPJ influences target-based CCBs in the after-sales service field. Using survey data collected from 368 smartphone customers in China, structural equation modeling via AMOS v. 24 was employed to empirically examine the hypotheses. The findings revealed that CPJ positively impacted the behavior to help other customers and provide feedback to the company. Customer trust and affective commitment mediated the links between CPJ and target-based CCBs, respectively. The findings hold theoretical and practical implications for strategically managing CPJ and target-based CCBs in frontline service encounters.
Keywords: customer perceived justice; customer trust; customer affective commitment; target-based customer citizenship behaviors (target-based CCBs); after-sales service
https://doi.org/10.1515/roms-2022-0063
Abstract
Customer citizenship behaviors (CCBs) allow firms to boost their performance and competitiveness, but little is known about the impact of customer perceived justice (CPJ) in frontline service encounters on different key dimensions of target-based CCBs. Drawing on the stimulus-organism-response framework and theories of equity and social exchange, the present investigation developed an integrative framework to explore how CPJ influences target-based CCBs in the after-sales service field. Using survey data collected from 368 smartphone customers in China, structural equation modeling via AMOS v. 24 was employed to empirically examine the hypotheses. The findings revealed that CPJ positively impacted the behavior to help other customers and provide feedback to the company. Customer trust and affective commitment mediated the links between CPJ and target-based CCBs, respectively. The findings hold theoretical and practical implications for strategically managing CPJ and target-based CCBs in frontline service encounters.
Keywords: customer perceived justice; customer trust; customer affective commitment; target-based customer citizenship behaviors (target-based CCBs); after-sales service
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant changes in consumer perception, awareness, and behavior in response to policy modifications and health concerns. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of crisis awareness on consumer behavior mechanisms. This study employed an empirical approach and collected data from 788 Taiwanese consumers through an online survey. The collected data was analyzed using exploratory factor analysis with SPSS, confirmatory factor analysis with AMOS, and structural equation modeling with SmartPLS. The study findings indicate that crisis awareness of COVID-19 has a positive and significant impact on hedonic motivation towards purchase intention (shopping to be surprised), while it does not strongly interact with utilitarian motivation and purchase intention (shopping to survive). This study is an early attempt to explore consumer behavior from a crisis awareness perspective, which contributes to a comprehensive understanding of consumer behavior during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. The practical implications of the study’s findings can assist businesses and policymakers in understanding how crisis awareness affects consumer behavior during a pandemic. Businesses can tailor their marketing strategies to better serve the needs of customers, while policymakers can develop effective policies to mitigate the negative impact of crises on the economy and society.
Over the years, supply chain risks management (SCRM) research has made noteworthy progress. However, there is little research on the management of supply chain risks and measures to reduce their impact, especially in developing nations. The purpose of this study is therefore to investigate the SCRM in the Vietnamese textile industry. Quantitative survey methods were used to collect data, and structural equation modelling (SEM) validated the relationships between model constructs. It was discovered that operational and demand risk positively affect customer service. Moreover, prevention strategies increased the effectiveness of customer service, while prevention and control strategies reduced the impact of operational and demand risk on customer service. The results of this study could support organisations in the supply chain in deciding on strategies to improve the delivery of goods and services.KeywordsSupply chain risk managementGarment industriesMitigation strategiesCovid-19Vietnam
Despite the expected positive performance, findings have often been mixed with debate on green certification adoptions under various pressures. A better understanding of these pressures and associated organizational environmental and process management systems can help firms deploy resources appropriately and effectively. Many of these pressures have been referred to as symbolic adoption rather than actual implementation. Using diffusion of innovation and signaling theories, this study argues that process innovation can take an important role in facilitating sustainable performance improvement in both actual and symbolic environmental adoptions. The empirical study from 680 manufacturers in ten different countries showed that pressures on green certification triggered process innovation and eventually enhance firms’ positioning and sustainable measures. However, pursuing green certification did not automatically guarantee all sustainable measures, especially in terms of business performance. This study found that process innovation can mediate this relationship to enhance business and environmental performances. Manufacturers may first see unfavorable benefits from direct implementation of green certification; however, accumulative efforts with process innovation could be paid off. Besides, the environmental symbolic drivers also facilitated the process of innovation and environmental improvement but not business measures. These results enhance the development of organizational processes to accommodate resources for sustainable green supply chain strategies.KeywordsEnvironmental managementProcess innovationManufacturing
Context
Renewable energy development has introduced wind farms as a common landscape element. However, as a human-made elements, wind farms do not cause the same detriment on landscape visual quality according to socio-demographic characteristics of the beholder.
Objectives
In this regard, the study analyses the population’s visual perception of wind farms into Mediterranean landscapes regarding three social variables: gender, age and education level.
Method
People´s preferences were assessed through an on-line survey with several landscape photographs with and without wind turbines. Subsequently, the score of each photograph was statistically analyzed according to the landscape shown and the socio-demographic variables considered.
Results
The results demonstrate how vegetation had a positive effect in landscape' scenic beauty, especially forestry, as well as people do not perceive negatively wind turbines presence. In fact, their implementation in deteriorated or low scored landscapes improves scenic beauty. Lastly, despite the fact that gender, age and education do not influence on people´s perception, there is a trend between these factors and wind turbines landscape influence.
Conclusions
In addition to reinforce the vegetation positive influence in landscape' scenic beauty, wind turbines have become an additional landscape element that, in general, do not have a negative impact on its scenic beauty but, according to age, they have different consideration.
The current study sought to study the relationship between academic behaviour, mobile phone use and intention of mobile learning among college students. Online Google Form has been used to collect quantitative data from 435 students. The researchers adopted a two-stage structural equation modeling to identify the model fit and measurement model. The first step involves the evaluation of a measurement model, also known as Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), for academic behaviour, mobile phone use, and intent for mobile learning. The measurement model attained a goodness of fit index with RMSEA = 0.078, NFI = 0.9, CFI = 0.924, TLI = 0.912, and Relative Chi-square (Chisq/df) =3.7. The structural equation model was examined in the second stage to determine any significant effects between the independent variable (mobile phone use), the mediating variable (academic behaviour) and the dependent variable (intention for mobile learning). Items in the questionnaire were adapted from several previous studies on mobile learning, mobile phone use and academic behaviour. The study found that positive academic behaviour mediates the relationship between mobile phone use and mobile learning behaviour. The results also indicated that positive academic behaviour was linked to two predicting factors of mobile learning: performance expectancy and social influence through mobile phone use. When the students realise that mobile phone use can enhance their academic performance and social influence, they often continue to practise mobile learning at their learning institutes. The study implies that higher education institutions should design creative teaching and learning activities to integrate mobile learning among students in higher education. Overall, the findings help the learning institutes design effective mobile learning guidelines for lecturers and students in higher education.
Purpose
This study aims to find that entrepreneurial activities can spur entrepreneurial firms' superior performance, but this effect is contingent on the different levels of government innovation subsidies. Extending the institutional perspective explanation and entrepreneurship perspective explanation, this study examines how a firm's entrepreneurial orientation (EO) affects its superior performance when it receives innovation subsidies.
Design/methodology/approach
Entrepreneurial firms in China, an emerging economy, are taken as the context for empirical evidence. A large-scale questionnaire survey is used for firm data collection. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression is employed to test the hypothesized model using a sample of 287 entrepreneurial firms.
Findings
The results show a curvilinear, inverse U-shaped moderating effect in the relationship between EO and firm performance. This relationship is strongest at intermediate levels of innovation subsidies but is comparatively weaker when innovation subsidies are low or high.
Originality/value
The study contributes to entrepreneurship research by examining the nonlinear moderating effect of innovation subsidies on entrepreneurial firms' performance. The study also contributes to entrepreneurship theory by elaborating on the innovation subsidy scheme and how it facilitates the development of entrepreneurial activity.
It is an introductory book that explains how to do Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equations Modeling, through a series of practical exercises.
It is the 3rd edition and it is publish in Spanish
Substance use is widely recognized as a negative outcome following traumatic events and is tied to symptoms of posttraumatic stress (PTS). Sleep quality may influence the PTS and substance use association, particularly among college students who are at risk for poor sleep. The purpose of the present study was to examine the moderating effect of sleep quality on the relationship between PTS and substance use in a cohort of college students, with an exploratory aim of examining potential differences by assigned sex. A screening survey was completed by 2,767 students enrolled in a larger RCT examining various brief college student alcohol reduction strategies. Results found a significant two-way interaction between PTS symptoms and subjective sleep quality on weekly number of drinks and peak drinking occasion, where the significant positive association between PTS symptoms to weekly drinks and peak drinking occasion was only found for those who reported poor sleep quality. The two-way interaction between PTS symptoms and subjective sleep quality on cannabis use was not significant. A significant three-way interaction (i.e., PTS Symptoms × Poor Subjective Sleep Quality × Assigned Sex) indicated the two-way interaction between PTS symptoms and sleep quality on weekly drinks was stronger among male compared to female participants. Study findings suggest sleep quality is an important factor contributing to the relation between PTS symptom severity and alcohol use among college students. Strategies for assessing and improving sleep quality and PTS symptoms can be incorporated into prevention and intervention efforts targeting alcohol related harm for college students.
İşletmelerin inovasyon yapamama konusundaki problemlerini araştırmak için yapılan bu çalışmayla; günümüzde sürdürülebilir pazar rekabet gücü için kalite ve inovasyonun önemi vazgeçilmez olmuştur. Bu bakımdan işletme yöneticilerinin farklı sektörlerdeki gelişmelerden faydalanarak kendi işletmelerine inovatif hamleler yapmalarına fazlasıyla ihtiyaç vardır. Sürekli yenilik isteyen mobilya müşterilerinin talebine ancak inovasyon algısı yüksek yöneticilerin cevap verebileceğidir. Türkiye'de mobilya sektörünün gelişmiş olduğu illerdeki mobilya işletmelerinin orta kademe yöneticilerine yönelik olarak; literatüre bağlı özgün model çerçevesinde kolayda örneklem yöntemiyle belirlenen 336 adet anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Uygulama yapılan işletmeler basit tesadüfi yöntemiyle belirlenen Küçük ve Orta Büyüklükteki İşletmeler (KOBİ) düzeyindedir. Elde edilen veriler istatistik programları aracılığıyla analiz edilerek Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli yöntemiyle de modelin geçerliliği saptanmıştır. Yapılan çalışma sonuçlarına göre işletme inovasyonu için belirlenen model kabul görmüş ve modeli desteklemek için geliştirilen ölçeklerde yüksek geçerlilik kazanmıştır. Mobilya sektöründe faaliyette bulunan KOBİ'ler; AR-GE'ye / Teknoloji Yönetimi'ne yatırım yaptığı, önem verdiği sürece faaliyette bulunduğu pazarda rekabet edebileceği bir başka sonuçtur. Orta kademede çalışan işletme yöneticilerinin inovasyon algıları çalıştıkları birimlere olumlu yönde yansıtılarak verimli inovatif davranış sergilemeleri için imkanlar oluşturulduğunda ürün kalitesi ve inovasyonuna katkı sağlayacağı önerilerimiz arasındadır.
Background
This study aimed to investigate predictors for academic success, including satisfaction with online class and academic achievement, in the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic era.
Purpose
To obtain basic data needed to improve the quality and outcomes of online learning in lectures for nursing students.
Method
A cross-sectional, descriptive, nationwide online survey in South Korea was performed using structured questionnaires. Participants were 200 nursing students taking online-based learning at universities in 2020. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and hierarchical multiple regression with SPSS WIN 26.0 program.
Results
Cyber-class flow (β = 0.65, p < 0.001) was a significant predictor of satisfaction with online class. Self-directed learning (β = 0.18, p = 0.014) and satisfaction with online class (β = 0.19, p = 0.035) were significant predictors of academic achievement.
Conclusion
To achieve academic success from online learning, self-directed learning should be prioritized and satisfaction with online class needs to be managed by nursing educators. To improve satisfaction with online class, cyber-class flow should be considered when designing teaching and learning methods for undergraduate nursing education programs.
Full text available at: http://jultika.oulu.fi/files/nbnfi-fe2021111254992.pdf
Purpose
Outsourcing of accounting increasingly attracts research interest, but research concerning the impact of the benefits of outsourcing on firm capabilities and performance across firms remains limited. This paper aims to reveal the unobservable latent classes of firms that outsource their accounting functions by testing a research model concerning the topic.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors build on accounting outsourcing research and adapt a research model from the literature on business services outsourcing. The authors analyze the data from 261 small and medium-sized enterprises in Europe using finite mixture structural equation modeling (FMSEM) and additional methods.
Findings
The authors reveal three latent classes with different research models. Thriving outsourcers ( N = 103) have a positive attitude toward accounting outsourcing and associate competitive capabilities with mediating the relationship from outsourcing benefits to firm performance. Annoyed outsourcers ( N = 143) are dissatisfied with their accounting service provider and only associate outsourcing benefits with competitive capabilities. Convenient outsourcers ( N = 15) feel comfortable with their current accounting service provider and associate outsourcing benefits with neither capabilities nor with firm performance.
Research limitations/implications
The study initiates the discussion about the unobservable heterogeneity among accounting outsourcers. The study introduces the use of the FMSEM method in accounting outsourcing research.
Practical implications
The study offers novel insights concerning accounting outsourcers and proposes original explanations for their outsourcing decisions that would help both the outsourcers and accounting service providers.
Originality/value
The study might be the first to categorize accounting outsourcers using FMSEM.
Introduction: This research aims to dtermine Structural Model of Emotion regulation and symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in students.
Method: for this aim, 462 students of Shiraz University (223 female, 241 male) were selected using stratified random sampling as statistical sample. This participant responded to Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-IV (GADQ-IV). Data analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).
Results: results of SEM showed that among difficulties in emotional regulation, limited access to emotional regulation strategies effect on symptoms of GAD directly and indirectly, with mediating of worry. Also, these results indicate that difficulties engaging in goal-directed behaviors can only effect directly on symptoms of GAD.
Conclusion: in general, these results show that emotional regulation components can affect symptoms of GAD in general population, so that increasing difficulties in emotional regulation due to increasing worry and symptoms of GAD.
Information Technology [I T] industry is one of the largest industry of the world. Due to its ability to generate wealth, power, knowledge and social welfare many countries around the world are looking for ways to promote the development of this industry. IT industry is presumed to have immense potential to change the economic landscape of Kerala. This article analyzes the fitness of Kerala as an IT industrial hub. For this purpose the article analyzes three factors viz. [i] the quality and supply of manpower in the Kerala [ii] the availability of infrastructure facilities and [iii] effectiveness of the various promotional efforts taken by the State though the different agencies functioning for the development of the industry. A Structural Equation Model [SEM] is constructed to indicate the extent of contribution of these factors for the development of the industry, interconnection and interdependence between the factors and their influence on the suitability of the state as IT industrial hub.
(PDF) STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING [SEM] REGARDING THE SUITABILITY OF. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353286281_STRUCTURAL_EQUATION_MODELLING_SEM_REGARDING_THE_SUITABILITY_OF [accessed Jul 16 2021].
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