No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the author.
... These studies thus implicitly focused on technology-anchored ventures performing market search. In contrast, the seminal study by Shane (2000) examined entrepreneurs who had a market opportunity in mind, based on varying degrees of market knowledge, and when confronted with a technology developed at MIT, formed a venture. These are market-anchored ventures. ...
... Prior work experience can facilitate or hinder consideration of a range of alternatives, that is, affect whether search scope is narrow or wide. Prior research has examined how prior experience shapes market-tech links in new ventures (Grégoire et al., 2010;Grégoire and Shepherd, 2012;Gruber, 2010;Gruber et al., 2012Gruber et al., , 2013Shane, 2000). In line with this prior work, we contrast the effects of market and tech experience. ...
... Ahuja and Katila, 2004;Katila and Ahuja, 2002;Rosenkopf and Nerkar, 2001), while the entrepreneurial search literature has studied market search (e.g. Grégoire et al., 2010;Grégoire and Shepherd, 2012;Gruber et al., 2008Gruber et al., , 2013Shane, 2000) and has therefore implicitly focused on technology-anchored ventures. We extend this literature by making a distinction between market and technological search in technology ventures. ...
This article distinguishes two types of technology ventures: market anchored and technology anchored. These ventures need to conduct effective technological or market search, the identification and evaluation of alternative technologies or markets, respectively, and form a viable technology–market combination. These types of search are fostered by appropriate experiences of the founding team. A study of 203 new technology ventures shows contrasting effects of breadth and depth of the founding team’s market and technological experiences on the initial success of the venture types.
... Moreover, the growing literature on advisors has largely focused on the effectiveness of general business advisors (Chatterji et al., 2019;Chrisman & McMullan, 2004;Cumming & Fischer, 2012;Lyons & Zhang, 2018), while the role of externally sourced technology advisors has attracted relatively scant attention. This focus contrasts sharply with the nature of science commercialization, which requires technology to be matched and adapted to reach a viable solution in the marketplace (Bruneel et al., 2020;Gruber et al., 2015;Shane, 2000). It also does not consider the different scope of business and technical knowledge: business advice tends to be more generalist, whereas technology advice is typically more specialist (Gruber et al., 2012). ...
... During the SBV's coalescence, substantial outcomes that precede financing and other traditional measures are difficult to identify. The SBV needs to make progress in technology discovery, technology validation, market identification and market application (Galbraith et al., 2006;Heslop et al., 2001;Kapoor & Klueter, 2021;Nelson et al., 2019;Shane, 2000). This disparate set of activities is difficult to aggregate into a single metric, and yet such a measure would clearly help studies of nascent ventures. ...
... Assessments of SBV potential should also consider market suitability. Many technologies are fungible with diverse possibilities for applications (Heslop et al., 2001;Kapoor & Klueter, 2021;Shane, 2000). The challenge of identifying a market space for an earlystage technology has been expressed as "perhaps the most fundamental yet most elusive marketing competence for managers and firms in technology industries" (Molner et al., 2019). ...
Early-stage science-based ventures (SBVs) require a wide range of intellectual resources and practical know-how to successfully commercialize their technologies. Often SBV founders actively gain this knowledge through advisory relationships providing business and technology guidance. We explore the effects of both business and technology advisors in combination with the founder’s entrepreneurial and technology experience. We measure early-stage success in an SBV using application readiness, a novel concept that encompasses progress in both technology discovery and validation as well as market identification and application. Using hand-collected longitudinal data from 112 emerging science-based ventures associated with American universities, we find that business advisors have a positive impact on application readiness, while technology advisors delay it; and these effects are moderated by the founder’s experience. Remarkably, a small number of advisors can have the same impact as decades of experience. Our article unpacks underexplored mechanisms through which advisors—an often-used policy tool supporting entrepreneurship—are implemented in emerging science-based ventures and makes academic contributions to the literatures on technology commercialization, advisors and human capital.
... Equipped with an understanding of prevailing external conditions and possessing market insight, the entrepreneur creates the new venture idea, or as some scholars note, entrepreneurs engage in "opportunity discovery". The discovery of opportunities mainly relies on entrepreneurs' prior experience (Shane, 2000). Similarly, some authors have described the entrepreneur's prior experience and knowledge as the main factors behind the discovery and exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunity (Shane, 2000;Venkataraman et al., 1997). ...
... The discovery of opportunities mainly relies on entrepreneurs' prior experience (Shane, 2000). Similarly, some authors have described the entrepreneur's prior experience and knowledge as the main factors behind the discovery and exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunity (Shane, 2000;Venkataraman et al., 1997). To maximize the benefit of discovered opportunities, startups must look outside the firm for partners due to scarcity of resources. ...
... None of the startup founders were sure at that time exactly what their product would be like. However, they had identified the gap and potential in the market based on their prior experience (Shane, 2000;Venkataraman et al., 1997). ...
... The opportunity process should be begun with the step of identification before acting on opportunities (Krueger, 2000). However, giving the same set of situations and opportunities, not all entrepreneurs are able to identify a given entrepreneurial opportunity (Dana, 1995(Dana, , 1996Shane, 2000;Shane and Venkataraman, 2000). In fact, only some people have the ability to identify opportunities that others overlook (Hayek, 1945;Kirzner, 1973). ...
... A challenging possible question is; why some entrepreneurs succeed to identify and purse opportunity while other fails? A wave of studies focuses on this challenging question, and the majority converges into the same conclusion: there are mainly three families of factors that help people to identify opportunities; prior knowledge, social networks and superior cognitive capabilities (Gaglio and Katz, 2001;Shane, 2000;Mitchell et al., 2002). Entrepreneurs should have prior knowledge and social networks in order to identify and pursue opportunities offered by the market. ...
... They may be having a good education and higher experience degree (Davidsson and Honig, 2003). They have furthermore prior knowledge as predicted by Shane (2000) and may have additionally prior knowledge of customer problems (Shepherd and De Tienne, 2004), experiential knowledge as described by Dimov (2003) and successful entrepreneurial experience (Ucbasaran et al., 2003). ...
This paper aims to study the extent to which the entrepreneurial opportunity process is rational. We use a methodology that links directly between the proxy of the psychological biases of entrepreneurs and the opportunity identification and pursuit. Our sample consists of 180 Tunisian entrepreneurs and we apply an ordinary least square analysis. Our results highlight that entrepreneurs' psychology is for interest, and it influences both the opportunity identification and pursuit. In summary, the psychological biases can help entrepreneurs to identify new opportunities, but also these biases generally have a negative effect on opportunity pursuit. As policy implications, Tunisian Government is invited to give a special attention to the effect of entrepreneurs' psychology on the success of new ventures. In fact, it seems that a high level of some well documented such as overconfidence, optimism among others, can negatively affect the new venture into different levels of the entrepreneurial process.
... Information plays an important role in an entrepreneurial strategy. Entrepreneurship is exhibited in pursuing opportunities, and knowledge allows entrepreneurs to identify and exploit these opportunities (Acs et al., 2009;D'Souza, 2010;Stevenson & Jarillo, 1990;Shane, 2000); this enhances firm entrepreneurship (Hughes et al., 2022). On the other hand, entrepreneurial behaviors affect the information-and knowledge-related processes (Braunerhjelm et al., 2010) and magnifies the impact of knowledge-based resources on firm performance (Wiklund & Shepherd, 2003). ...
... As stated in the previous subchapter, EO is perceived to be a strategic posture that is focused on the pursuit of opportunities. An entrepreneur needs relevant information and knowledge in order to successfully recognize an opportunity (Minniti & Bygrave, 2001;Shane, 2000;Shane & Venkataraman, 2000;Song et al., 2017) and exploit it (Acs et al., 2009;Fuentes Fuentes et al., 2010;Wiklund & Shepherd, 2003). Knowledge is essential to EO (Bouguerra et al., 2023); thus, taking an entrepreneurial approach results in the development of processes that are focused on gaining the necessary information and knowledge. ...
... In light of the fsQCA results, however, EO alone did not lead to performance. This observation confirmed the findings from previous studies that relevant information and knowledge is needed in entrepreneurial activity (in particular, recognizing opportunity [Minniti & Bygrave, 2001;Shane, 2000;Shane & Venkataraman, 2000;Song et al., 2017] and exploiting it [Acs et al., 2009;Fuentes--Fuentes et al., 2010;Wiklund & Shepherd, 2003]). ...
Entrepreneurship is one of the most common strategies that are followed by companies. In parallel, each company needs to effectively manage information and knowledge to successfully implement its strategy. Thus, this study focuses on the points where knowledge, information, and entrepreneurial management meet, with special attention paid to the relationship between information management (IM) and knowledge management (KM) as well as their mediating roles in shaping firm performance. This study aims to identify the role of information management (IM) and knowledge management (KM) in shaping performance in entrepreneurial firms. Moreover, the study aims to examine the causal relationship between IM and KM. Our sample consisted of 150 small and medium-sized firms that manufacture furniture in Poland. This is a mix-method study; it uses structural equi-
tation modeling (SEM), fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), and interview-based qualitative analysis to examine the associations among entrepreneurial orientation (EO), IM, KM, and firm performance. In
particular, three types of outcomes are analyzed; namely, firm competitiveness (FC), firm growth (FG), and financial performance (FP). The results unveiled the impact of IM on KM; the findings also showed the positive role of EO in shaping IM and KM as well as firm performance. In general, IM and KM impact firm performance;
however, their individual impacts depend on the performance type (when they interact, they constitute a sufficient condition for achieving a high level of performance regardless of the type). These findings contribute to the IM and KM literature as well as entrepreneurship and small business research.
... 6.1. Entrepreneurial Mindset Attributes: (Shane, 2000). Resilience, essential in navigating the volatile entrepreneurial landscape, allows entrepreneurs to endure setbacks and adapt quickly (Bullough et al., 2014). ...
... Resilience, essential in navigating the volatile entrepreneurial landscape, allows entrepreneurs to endure setbacks and adapt quickly (Bullough et al., 2014). Innovativeness is another notable trait, driving entrepreneurs to pioneer unique products or services, thus differentiating them in competitive markets (Shane, 2000;Baum & Locke, 2004). Furthermore, adaptability and vision enhance long-term strategic planning and alignment with market shifts, crucial for sustainable success (Shepherd & Patzelt, 2017). ...
This research investigates the psychological and cognitive traits critical to developing an entrepreneurial mindset, aiming to discern the factors that contribute to success or failure among entrepreneurs. Using a mixed-methods approach, qualitative interviews with entrepreneurs and quantitative surveys assessing attributes like resilience and risk tolerance were conducted. Key findings reveal a significant positive correlation between resilience (r = 0.62) and risk tolerance (r = 0.65) and entrepreneurial success, while chi-square analysis (χ² = 15.74, p < 0.05) indicates a preference for intuitive and opportunistic decision-making among successful entrepreneurs. The study concludes that structured educational interventions, especially those focused on resilience and risk management, effectively enhance these traits, preparing entrepreneurs to navigate challenges more adeptly. Recommendations include incorporating resilience training, fostering risk management skills, and promoting opportunistic decision-making techniques within educational programs.
... Trong bối cảnh khởi nghiệp, vốn nhân lực cải thiện khả năng của chủ doanh nghiệp trong việc xác định và khai thác các cơ hội kinh doanh, thu được các nguồn lực như vốn tài chính cũng như tích lũy kiến thức và kỹ năng mới. Theo quan điểm này, Shane (200) nhận thấy rằng những cá nhân được trang bị nguồn nhân lực chất lượng cao hơn sẽ có khả năng nhận thức và khai thác thành công các cơ hội sinh lời khi chúng xuất hiện tốt hơn [24]. ...
... Thứ tư, vốn nhân lực rất quan trọng và đã góp phần tạo nên sự thành công của nữ doanh nhân. Kết quả nghiên cứu trùng khớp với kết quả nghiên cứu của Shane (2000). Các doanh nhân nữ ở thành phố Thanh Hoá đã có đủ vốn nhân lực, được công nhận để tiếp cận các con đường giáo dục cũng như kinh nghiệm từ các doanh nghiệp khác mà họ có thể nhanh chóng có được ở trên toàn lãnh thổ Việt Nam. ...
Nghiên cứu này nhằm xác định các nhân tố tác động đến sự thành công của các nữ doanh nhân tại thành phố Thanh Hoá thông qua năm biến số: vốn tài chính, vốn nhân lực, vốn xã hội, sự đổi mới và cân bằng giữa công việc và cuộc sống. Để đáp ứng mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này, tác giả đã tiến hành khảo sát 400 doanh nhân nữ trên địa bàn và thu được 369 phản hồi đảm bảo yêu cầu để đưa vào phân tích. Lý thuyết quan điểm dựa trên nguồn lực và lý thuyết xung đột được sử dụng làm nền tảng xác định các nhân tố chính tác động đến sự thành công của doanh nhân nữ. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy cả năm biến độc lập được đưa vào mô hình nghiên cứu đều có mối liên hệ tích cực đến sự thành công của nữ doanh nhân. Từ kết quả nghiên cứu, tác giả đề xuất các hàm ý quản trị thúc đẩy sự thành công của phụ nữ trong kinh doanh.
... Strategic human capital literature on the new venture creation process (SHNVC) examines how differences in founders' goals, education, knowledge (Canavati et al., 2021;Unger et al., 2011) and prior work experiences (Hashai & Zahra, 2022;Shane, 2000) condition their perceptions and worldviews, impacting a new firm's earliest strategic choices including human resource strategies (Campbell et al., 2012;Chadwick, 2017), and business model designs (McDonald & Eisenhardt, 2020;Zuzul & Tripsas, 2020). By business model, I refer to a firm-centric activity system encompassing critical resources and business partners to meet customer needs, aiming to create and capture value (Demil et al., 2015;Massa et al., 2017;Snihur & Zott, 2020). ...
... First, founders' personal philosophies, goals, education, training, exposure to professional values, including peer influences, and prior knowledge, such as specific and task-related human capital associated with prior work experience, contribute to distinct ways of organizing business activities in nascent firms (Canavati et al., 2021;Shane, 2000;Unger et al., 2011). Specifically, they often carry the blueprints of established organizations and institute the routines for the structure and organization of work like those in the parent firm because their mental models preclude them from doing otherwise (Frese & Gielnik, 2023;Hashai & Zahra, 2022;Phillips, 2005). ...
Strategic human capital literature assumes founders mobilize human resources from the market. Social capital research shows that relying on nonmarket sources, i.e., ethnic communities, for resources results in distinct business models in immigrant and nonimmigrant firms. Based on a field study, I found that the impact of sourcing human capital from the market versus the ethnic community on business model development can be better understood by examining the nature of control firm owners exert over employees and the network segmentation dynamics of subgroups within a community. The study expands on strategic human and social capital research, identifying two boundary conditions for entrepreneurship literature.
... Indeed, since entrepreneurship is concerned with the discovery and exploitation of profitable opportunities (e.g. Shane 2000) and since many years recognized as a distinguished field of study, it is not surprising that the role of tacit knowledge in entrepreneurship might also differ from tacit knowledge in (general) management literature. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic literature review is to take stock, outline areas of previous empirical research on tacit knowledge in entrepreneurship, identify trends & conflicting findings, highlight gaps, and develop a conceptual framework for research on tacit knowledge in entrepreneurship. ...
... These research lines are no surprise, considering that a firm's competitive advantage emerges through an individual's idiosyncratic experiences and insights (Reed and Defillippi 1990;Spender and Grant 1996). This link to the individual especially holds in the context of entrepreneurship, where individuals are guided by their experience and prior knowledge to respond appropriately to opportunities (Shane 2000) and leverage resources consistent with their objectives using their entrepreneurial judgments (Foss and Klein 2012). In contrast to other organizational disciplines, entrepreneurship places a strong emphasis on the individual operating independently or within organizations (Carlsson et al. 2013;Shane 2012). ...
Research on tacit knowledge in the entrepreneurship field has raised a significant amount of interest in recent years and has developed both quickly and unequally. On the one hand, there is consensus that tacit knowledge is highly valued in the context of entrepreneurship as it often holds unique insights, expertise, and problem-solving capabilities that can provide a competitive advantage to individuals and organizations. On the other hand, research on the intersection of entrepreneurship and tacit knowledge has evolved significantly and developed in different directions (e.g., in terms of research context, levels of analysis, proxies), resulting in fragmented and often ambiguous findings. Therefore, the goal of this study is to consolidate the state-of-the-art of scholarly research published in top-tier entrepreneurship journals. To this aim, we performed a systematic literature review by analysing a set of 25 papers in order to synthesize prior research, identify key gaps and contributions, and propose a framework to enhance our understanding of tacit knowledge in entrepreneurship. This review provides a valuable resource for scholars interested in the intersection of tacit knowledge and entrepreneurship. Our article underscores the need for further research by proposing a research agenda to bridge existing gaps, expand knowledge, and shape the future of this important field.
... En el clúster representado por líneas de color azul, se muestra el artículo de Maula, Autio, and Arenius (2005), titulado "What drives micro-angel investments?", en este se discuten las motivaciones del inversionista Ángel. Por otro lado, el clúster de color rojo es liderado por Shane (2000) con su artículo "Prior knowledge and the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities"; en el cual se discute la naturaleza y perfil del emprendedor. ...
... Finalmente, a partir de un mapa de cocitaciones, en el que se abordó los principales tópicos para ambas colecciones, se observó, dos ejes temáticos por fuera de la materia del GEM, como: los tipos de emprendimiento (Maula, Autio, and Arenius 2005) y la información o requisitos necesarios para un emprendimiento exitoso (Shane 2000). ...
El Global Entrepreneurship Monitor es un proyecto de investigación que se encarga de evaluar anualmente la actividad emprendedora en distintas naciones. Actualmente, el estudio contiene los datos recolectados de 115 países, tomados durante más de 20 años. En el caso de Latinoamérica el proyecto Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) estudia 20 países de la región, en los cuales habitan cerca del 82% de su población y genera el 88% del PIB de la región (Babson College 2023). Objetivo: El siguiente artículo de revisión tiene como propósito estudiar el impacto investigativo del proyecto GEM, analizando alrededor de 79 artículos recolectados de la base de datos de Scopus, que agrupa publicaciones de alto impacto, vinculados particularmente al contexto latinoamericano. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis de red y de co-citas de los artículos seleccionados. Resultados: El estudio encontró que las investigaciones han disminuido en los últimos años, al igual que el número de citaciones; el grupo de estudios analizados tiene cuatro áreas temáticas comunes: 1) emprendimiento, negocios e inversión nacional; 2) Metodología y Teoría Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM); 3) Estudios de género y Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM); y 4) Desarrollo económico y libertad empresarial. Conclusión: El interés de la comunidad científica en el campo académico ha disminuido en los últimos 8 años y las áreas temáticas de investigación se configuran a partir de las realidades socioeconómicas de las regiones estudiadas.
... The intellectual capital theorists believe that knowledge improves an individual's cognitive skills thus allowing them to work more productively and efficiently . Entrepreneurs discover opportunities easily because their experience and education help them understand the value of new information easily as compared to others (Roberts 1991;Shane 2000). The knowledge base which constitutes the intellectual capital and determines the individual's capacity in recognizing business opportunities consists of their educational qualification, their knowledge and soft skill competency, their relationships with existing entrepreneur, and their previous experience as an entrepreneur. ...
... It is related with those individuals who possess prior experience in owning and managing a firm. Generally, individuals pay more attention to that information which are related to their existing pool of knowledge (Shane 2000). It is a common presumption that experienced entrepreneurs are mostly good at recognizing and developing opportunities (McGrath and Macmillan 2000;Westhead et al. 2005). ...
... Al riguardo, le discriminazioni sociali e culturali nonché gli stereotipi di genere che le imprenditrici spesso affrontano incidono negativamente sulla loro capacità di riconoscere e sviluppare opportunità (Bullough et al., 2014) e, quindi, sulla loro intenzione di perseguire un percorso di carriera imprenditoriale (Joyce et al., 2021). Tali stereotipi diventano significativi anche nelle fasi successive (Gupta et al., 2019), quando le donne imprenditrici affrontano difficoltà e/o maggiori ostacoli sia nella gestione aziendale 4 Secondo la teoria basata sulle opportunità (Drucker, 1985;Stevenson & Jarrillo, 1990;Shane, 2000) l'imprenditorialità inizia con l'emergere e l'esistenza di opportunità (Murphy & Marvel, 2007). Gli imprenditori non provocano il cambiamento (come sostenuto dalla scuola schumpeteriana) ma sfruttano le opportunità che il cambiamento crea nella tecnologia, nelle preferenze dei consumatori, ecc. ...
La passione per le conoscenze Il presente lavoro è frutto di una ormai decennale ricerca sugli studi di genere, che vede coinvolti una parte di professori e ricercatori aderenti al gruppo di studi Sidrea/Aidea e Osservatorio scientifico sugli studi di genere "Ipazia". Il volume, nei capitoli che seguono, rappresenta in larga parte alcuni risultati di indagini empiriche atte a verificare nel tempo il mutevole corso delle tematiche di diversità ed inclusione, di genere e di come tale interesse si sia nel tempo implementato ed arricchito e con esso il proliferare di norme e regolamenti da parte di vari tipi di organismi nazionali ed europei. I contributi che questo volume raccoglie vogliono apportare, con le loro evidenze empiriche, un'immagine delle reali scelte aziendali di questo periodo così instabile e critico. Viviamo da tempo una crisi economica e sociale che implementa il già sempre dinamico ed incontrollabile sistema economico e da un'evidente necessità di politiche sul lavoro. Per un necessario rilancio sociale ed economico abbiamo l'urgenza di guardare al capitale umano come vero motore di sviluppo sostenibile, intelligente e creativo che possa ricostituire e sostenere l'intero sistema economico nazionale ed internazionale. In questa prospettiva, le "questioni di genere" e l'inclusione a tutto ton-do assumono un ruolo centrale per alimentare il vantaggio competitivo delle imprese e più in generale la crescita economica e sociale del Paese. Il nostro contributo, pertanto, si inserisce nel filone di studi di Economia aziendale sulle questioni di genere, le quali, per la loro natura tra-sversale, abbracciano diversi campi di ricerca, come la nascita delle imprese femminili, il loro accesso al credito, le aziende familiari ed i passaggi generazionali padre-figlia, l'imprenditorialità immigrata femminile, la diversità ed inclusione nelle banche, la comunicazione non finanziaria e le tematiche ESG-Agenda 2030.
... Opportunity identification requires a combination of creativity, innovation and market information. According to Shane (2000) entrepreneurial opportunities are discovered; Baron (2016) says that they are identified; they are enacted through retrospective sense making. Gartner et al. (2013) argue that opportunities are identified or created to close existing gaps in the market. ...
The study was about Opportunity Recognition, Design Thinking, Financing Decisions and Entrepreneurial Success of SMEs. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between opportunity recognition, design thinking, financing decisions, and entrepreneurial success of SMEs. The objectives of the study were to: assess the relationship between opportunity recognition and entrepreneurial success of SMEs, examine the relationship between opportunity recognition, financing decisions and entrepreneurial success of SMEs, examine the relationship between design thinking, financing decisions and entrepreneurial success of SMEs, assess the relationship between design thinking and entrepreneurial success of SMEs, study the factor structure of opportunity recognition, design thinking, financing decisions and entrepreneurial success of SMEs.
The research design was a descriptive and cross sectional design. The study population was 510 registered SMEs and a sample size of 217 respondents was used. Quantitative data collected was analysed using SPSS version 23.0. Qualitative data collected was analysed using NVivo software. Pearson correlation coefficient matrix was used to test the relationship between study variables, while regression analysis was used to test the nature of effect between study variables.
Pearson correlation coefficient matrix results in table 4.6 showed a positive significant relationship between Opportunity Recognition and Entrepreneurial Success (r = 0.756, Probability/P-value < 0.01), a positive significant relationship between Opportunity Recognition and Financing Decisions (r = .733, P-value <0.01) and between Financing Decisions and Entrepreneurial Success (r = .684, P-value < 0.01), a positive significant relationship between Design Thinking and Financing Decisions (r = .703, P-value < 0.01) and between Financing Decisions and Entrepreneurial Success (r = .684, Probability value < 0.01).
The study further recommends that SMEs should develop strategies to solve problems affecting people in a user-centric ways. SMEs should focus on achieving practical results and solutions that are economically viable which means offering profitable products or services; technically viable which means that the businesses should be able to implement them and desirable for the users which means that they should meet real user needs and expectations.
... In this sense, Gartner's (1988) studies emphasize that the distinction between an entrepreneurial individual and a non-entrepreneurial individual is that the entrepreneur permanently pursues opportunities available in the environment (Shane, 2000) and, through his attitudes, motivations and intentions, transform them into innovative products, adding economic value (Kirzner, 1973) and generating wealth and social development. ...
Purpose: This article proposes to measure the influence of individual and environmental factors on the entrepreneurial intention of university students in the creation of companies. Methodology/approach: It is a quantitative study. The factorial analysis, using the Varimax rotation method, was used to know the factorial load of 43 variables, including the characterization of the respondents, with a sample of 540 cases, collected through a questionnaire with students of the last year of the course administration in the five most populous capitals of Brazil. Then, logistic regression analysis was used, making it possible to know the significant correlation of independent variables with the dependent variable. Originality/Relevance: They show a greater influence of the individual factors represented by the entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial self-efficacy in the intention to create companies and presents discussions regarding the individual and environmental factors that determine or guide the entrepreneurial intention of university students. Key findings: It is possible to consider that although the chosen sample resembles the profile of new entrepreneurs, it cannot be guaranteed that it is the best representation of this category. Theoretical/methodological contributions: The study opens new discussions regarding the individual and environmental factors that determine or guide the entrepreneurial intention of university students, enabling the organizations that promote the teaching of entrepreneurship to create new teaching methodologies, directed to the formation of potential entrepreneurs.
... 4. Commitment to the Work Contract-This reflects the strong ethical and professional standards instilled through the BETA curriculum, resonating with Gibbs' (2002) emphasis on commitment as a core entrepreneurial value. 5. Information Seeking-The significant improvement in this area is critical, as effective information gathering is a cornerstone of strategic decision-making in entrepreneurship, as detailed by Shane (2000). 6. Goal Setting-This aligns with Locke and Latham's (2002) goal-setting theory, which posits that high clarity in goal setting enhances performance by focusing effort and fostering motivation. ...
This study examines the impact of the Business Essentials through Action (BETA) module, an innovative educational program implemented at Singapore Polytechnic, on the development of entrepreneurial competencies, compared with traditional educational methods. The BETA module integrates Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle and Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle into its curriculum, emphasising hands-on experiences and reflective practices. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study involved 260 students, with 141 participating in the BETA module and 119 in a traditional curriculum, assessing changes in entrepreneurial competencies such as opportunity seeking, risk taking, efficiency, persistence, and self-confidence. Quantitative findings revealed significant improvements in eight key entrepreneurial competencies among BETA participants, as opposed to only two in the traditional group. Qualitative insights further highlighted the effectiveness of the BETA module in enhancing students’ risk-taking abilities, confidence, and problem-solving skills through real-world applications and rigorous reflection. Correlation analyses within groups underscored distinct impacts of experiential approaches on competency interrelationships, as opposed to traditional ones. The results suggest that integrating experiential and reflective learning significantly enhances the breadth and depth of entrepreneurial competencies. This study contributes to the discourse on educational strategies by providing empirical evidence supporting the effectiveness of innovative teaching methods in entrepreneurship education. Future research should explore the longitudinal impact of such educational models and expand to more diverse educational settings to confirm these findings.
... Indeed, Alert individuals are attuned to changes, trends and signals within the market (Zaheer & Zaheer, 1997). They can spot shifts in consumer preferences, emerging technologies, regulatory changes and other factors that create opportunities for new products, services or business models (Srivastava et al., 2021) through the recognition of inefficiencies or suboptimal processes within industries (Shane, 2000). The entrepreneurs with high level of alertness are synthetizing information from different sources and disciplines to uncover novel opportunities at the intersection of various fields as the patterns they then perceive in these events or trends suggest ideas for new products and services (Baron, 2006). ...
Since 2018, the entrepreneurship course in the Omani universities has become a university requirement one for all the disciplines followed by undergraduate students, thus focusing on the adequate pedagogy enhancing the student’s entrepreneurial competencies and traits, is a must. The choice of the content and the pedagogical approaches had always been very challenging for such a course, especially in the last COVID-19 pandemic, where online education was imposed for all the entrepreneurship instructors all over the world. The aim of this chapter is toward creating an effective online entrepreneurship teaching course using the “design thinking” approach. Drawing fresh literature dealing with the design thinking pedagogical teaching practices and methods while exploring the suitable outcomes from the entrepreneurship paradigms, a teaching model has been developed to highlight the suitable outcomes of the entrepreneurship course. The main originality of the research is to propose an online teaching method to improve the “Creative alertness”, self-efficacy and opportunity evaluation among the students. An interesting discussion may be developed regarding the standardization of the “toolbox” of successful entrepreneurship online teaching and training programs and the way of how measuring the effectiveness of their learning outcomes.
... Logically, therefore, nascent entrepreneurs and young iSMEs' actions are expected to be closer to and also fit in better in Bricoleur and Effectuating entrepreneur's patterns of behavior than those of the Causation entrepreneurs, especially with respect to affordability, tolerance of the risk exposure, and losses that may in turn require the additional time and the challenges in acquiring more resources. In short, the firm's management needs to adopt alternative guiding provisions and transformations in achieving a semblance of Causation objectives in contrast to an expectation driven by the perception or knowledge (Shane 2000) (or even an entrepreneur's idea) as the entrepreneurship is defined only at the nexus of exploitable opportunity, or initially, the prior knowledge leading the idea of opportunity), which can be later exploited to result into knowledge-based resources (Wiklund and Shepherd 2003). ...
This article presents a brief synopsis followed by key concepts and keywords to give the reader an overview of the article. Following a regular Abstract and significant keywords, the “Introduction” section discusses four topics related to, and influential in iSMEs’ global competitiveness and competition. The section on “Further developments” explores the internationalization of artificial intelligence (AI) in general and also examines both the interaction and potential impact of generative AI (GEN.AI) on internationalized SMEs (iSMEs) in particular. In the “Literature review” section, the two critical topics of iSMEs’ openness to, and affordability of AI’s costs, from the perspectives of three entrepreneurship theories—Causation, Effectuation, and Bricolage—are examined. The “Discussion and implications” section follows, and the “Conclusion” section appears at the end.
... It is commonly understood that knowledge and proper access to it are the most important resources in entrepreneurship. Recent research found that individuals who possess prior knowledge about the market, the customers' needs, and their ability to serve markets affects significantly their entrepreneurial behavior (Shane, 2000). Another study conducted in the creative and digital industries in UK on seven graduates, found that the lack of knowledge hindered their attempt to start a business (Smith & Beasley, 2011). ...
Entrepreneurship plays a major role in the economic growth of developed and developing countries. It is a major source of job opportunities and innovation activities. Moreover, entrepreneurship allows people to do what they want and to follow their passion. However, students face various barriers that hinder their ability to start their own business. Thus, the aim of this study is to examine the relationship between perceived barriers to entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention. The target population of this research were students from a private university in Egypt. A questionnaire was distributed among students across different faculties using online and direct methods. Data was collected from 362 students and analyzed using SPSS to generate descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analyses. Respondents' perception towards barriers to entrepreneurship (fear of failure, lack of skills and experience, lack of confidence, lack of general knowledge, lack of finance, lack of network, lack of personal/family support, time constraints, and lack of idea and market awareness) and their entrepreneurial inclination were assessed. Among the most important factors that were found to create barriers are: fear of failure, lack of self-confidence, lack of skills and experience, lack of knowledge, and lack of idea and market awareness. This research provides interesting insights into the entrepreneurship barriers university students face in developing countries such as Egypt, where such research is lacking.
... Some people are sensitive in utilizing the available information because they recognize the opportunities available to them through the knowledge sharing process according to the knowledge or information they already possess (Denrell et al., 2003). Shane (2000) pointed out that three primary elements of prior knowledge are essential to the process of entrepreneurial discovery in the high technology context: first, a person should have prior knowledge of markets, second. Prior knowledge to serve the markets, and third, prior knowledge of solving customer issues. ...
Purpose
Organizations increasingly use knowledge arbitrage to stimulate innovation and achieve competitive advantage. However, in knowledge management its use in startups is yet unexplored. This study aims to examine the utilization of knowledge arbitrage by startups, specifically during COVID-19.
Design/methodology/approach
This study employed an open-ended essay methodology to explore the drivers and barriers that startups face in utilizing knowledge arbitrage. We collected data from 40 participants to understand the role of knowledge arbitrage in startups’ knowledge management practices.
Findings
This study’s findings highlight the significance of knowledge arbitrage for startups. The benefits identified include organizational benefits such as building networks, innovating new products and achieving competitive advantage and financial benefits such as cost reduction and sales growth. The study also identifies several technological and organizational drivers and barriers that startups confront during knowledge arbitrage.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the existing literature on knowledge management by extending our understanding of knowledge arbitrage’s role in startups. Additionally, it sheds light on the importance of knowledge arbitrage for startups and the challenges they face, particularly in a disrupted environment reared by COVID-19. The study provides insights for the scholars and practitioners interested in effective knowledge management in startups.
... The ability to recognize opportunities has received a great deal of attention in the field of entrepreneurship, as it plays a fundamental role in understanding the process of identifying business ideas (Shane, 2000). This ability has been identified as a critical competency in different entrepreneurship frameworks, such as the EntreComp Framework, which describes it as 'spotting opportunities.' (Bacigalupo et al., 2016) and White's Framework (2021), which describes it as 'understanding opportunities.' Morris et al. (2013, p. 358) define opportunity recognition as "the capacity to perceive changed conditions or overlooked possibilities in the environment that represent potential sources of profit or return to a venture." ...
This study addresses a research gap in understanding the gender dimensions of perceived entrepreneurial competencies among undergraduate and MBA entrepreneurship students. It aims to unravel the underlying abilities shaping these competencies and explore potential gender variations in perceptions, ultimately contributing to the enhancement of entrepreneurship courses. The research uses quantitative and qualitative methods to gather data from students who participated in entrepreneurship courses over four years. A competency survey, rooted in Morris et al.'s framework, captures self-assessments of entrepreneurial competencies. The study complements these quantitative findings with a systematic analysis of students' self-reflections, providing a comprehensive understanding of perceived competencies and potential gender differences. The research identifies specific entrepreneurial competencies-opportunity recognition and conveying a compelling vision-and their underlying abilities perceived as crucial by male and female students. It explores the extent to which gender influences these perceptions. The dual-method approach enriches insights, offering a nuanced understanding of how competencies are perceived and varying influences based on gender. This research uniquely explores the intricate dynamics of perceived entrepreneurial compe-tencies, taking gender variations into account. It contributes to entrepreneurship course design and assessment, fostering students' belief in entrepreneurial abilities and significantly contributing to self-concept development.
... al., 2019).Entrepreneurship courses and training can provide students with coaching, training, knowledge and abilities(Liu et al., 2019). Knowledge in education is considered an important factor in the perception of opportunities(Baron, 2006;McMullen and Shepherd, 2006;Shane, 2000). Specifically, entrepreneurship education develops the strategic resources and capabilities required by an entrepreneur and helps to discover and realize business opportunities(Liu et al., 2019). ...
Social entrepreneurship is a topic of current interest to scientists. Social enterprises have helped to solve the remaining problems in society. Universities play an essential role in developing future social entrepreneurs by providing relevant knowledge to students. This study assesses the relationship between knowledge and social entrepreneurial intention through data collected from 1000 Vietnamese students. The survey was conducted in September 2021 using a questionnaire designed on google docs. The hypotheses were analyzed by partial least squares structural equation modeling with SmartPLS 3. The research results confirmed the importance of knowledge for students' social entrepreneurial intention formation. In particular, the entrepreneurship education and prior experience equipped in the university will help students gain confidence and have a positive attitude towards starting a social enterprise.
... This discovery of opportunities without actively searching is a hallmark of the Austrian perspective (Kirzner, 1997). It argues that people's attributes do not determine who becomes an entrepreneur; instead, they become entrepreneurs because they hold idiosyncratic information (Shane, 2000). While entrepreneurship research on rhythms remains sparse, several potential applications of strategic rhythm non-entrainment are promising. ...
... To assess participants' self-reported knowledge about starting a business (6), they indicated on a 4-point Likert scale (1 = reject the statement/nothing; 4 = fully agree with the statement/almost everything) how much they knew about various aspects of starting a business (e. g., "what to consider when starting a business in general", Shane, 2000; see also Heinrichs, 2016). Analyses of the responses were conducted using IBM SPSS software. ...
Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) wirkt sich zunehmend auf das Leben der Menschen aus, indem sie zu einer verstärkten Interaktion zwischen Menschen und Maschine führt (Kim, 2022). KI-Roboter werden als Agenten betrachtet, die durch KI-Programmierung Aufgaben übernehmen, die traditionell von Menschen ausgeführt wurden. Es gibt zwei Kategorien von KI-Robotern: solche mit menschenähnlicher Leistung und solche mit menschenähnlicher Erscheinung zur sozialen Interaktion. Basierend auf diesem Konzept wurden für diese Studie sieben konkrete Anwendungsfälle entwickelt. Eine Online-Umfrage unter Studierenden (N = 636) im September 2022 (kurz vor der Veröffentlichung von ChatGPT) untersuchte sowohl die Nutzungshäufigkeit als auch die ethische Bewertung der Studierenden für jeden der sieben Anwendungsfälle. Zudem wurde sowohl ein Risiko- als auch ein Chancenindex gebildet, welche die generelle Wahrnehmung der Studierenden gegenüber KI erheben. Die wahrgenommenen Risiken übersteigen die erkannten Chancen. Die Nutzungshäufigkeit von KI-Roboter-Typen durch Studierende ist insgesamt als eher gering einzustufen.
Die Akzeptanz ethischer Grundsätze unterscheidet sich abhängig vom Typ des KI-Roboters, wobei Studierende insbesondere bei KI-Robotern zur (menschenähnlichen) Textgenerierung eher Wert auf Gerechtigkeit und bei KI-Robotern für menschenähnliche, soziale Interaktionen auf Transparenz legen.
... It is commonly understood that knowledge and proper access to it are the most important resources in entrepreneurship. Recent research found that individuals who possess prior knowledge about the market, the customers' needs, and their ability to serve markets affects significantly their entrepreneurial behavior (Shane, 2000). Another study conducted in the creative and digital industries in UK on seven graduates, found that the lack of knowledge hindered their attempt to start a business (Smith & Beasley, 2011). ...
The 7th Annual Conference of the Economic Forum of Entrepreneurship & International Business
Organized by Dr. Ghada Gomaa A. Mohamed
Conference venue: Hughes Hall, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Conference proceeding: Library & Archive Canada
Conference date: June 28th & 29th, 2018
Editors:
Dr. Ghada Mohamed
Dr. Morrison Handley-Schachler
Dr. Daniel May
Dr. Thomas Henschel
https://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/201/300/annual_conference_economic/v07.pdf
... Founders of startups differ from those of small businesses, intrapreneurs, or corporate entrepreneurs, 5 and from institutional entrepreneurs. 6 And while Shane (2000) and Shane and Venkataraman (2000) argue that opportunities exist autonomously, regardless of individuals or companies, we argue -alongside other authors such as Kerr and colleagues (2018) -that such opportunities only realize their potential through the distinct insights, viewpoints, and interpretations of the founders embedded in a specific context. Moreover, these opportunities do not convert to wealth without specific organizational efforts independently from the wider context in which they evolve. ...
... To assess participants' self-reported knowledge about starting a business (6), they indicated on a 4-point Likert scale (1 = reject the statement/nothing; 4 = fully agree with the statement/almost everything) how much they knew about various aspects of starting a business (e. g., "what to consider when starting a business in general", Shane, 2000; see also Heinrichs, 2016). Analyses of the responses were conducted using IBM SPSS software. ...
Konzepte und Anwendungen der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) haben in jüngerer Zeit im Bildungskontext und insbesondere auch in der beruflichen Aus- und Weiterbildung immens an Relevanz und Sichtbarkeit gewonnen. Dabei werden der Einfluss von KI-gestützten Systemen auf zahlreiche Berufsbilder einerseits, andererseits aber auch die Potenziale und Herausforderungen von KI-Anwendungen für die Gestaltung von Lehr- und Lernprozessen intensiv diskutiert. Es lassen sich somit in der Auseinandersetzung mit KI im beruflichen Bildungskontext mindestens zwei wichtige Perspektiven ausmachen, die beide umfassende Fragen auf verschiedenen Ebenen nach sich ziehen: Zum einen geht es um KI als zunehmend bedeutenden Bildungsinhalt, über den es zu lernen gilt, zum anderen um KI als Methodik, mit der sich Lehr-Lern- und Arbeitsprozesse verändert denken und gestalten lassen. Entsprechende Forschungs- und Entwicklungsvorhaben, die sich mit den KI-induzierten Veränderungen in Aus- und Weiterbildung befassen, sind angesichts der ausgesprochen dynamischen Entwicklungen der jüngeren Zeit zunehmend mit der Herausforderung konfrontiert, anschlussfähig an den jeweils aktuellen Erkenntnis- und Implementierungsstand zu sein und gleichzeitig mit Blick auf Nachhaltigkeitsfragen auch Erkenntnisse zu generieren, die zumindest mittelfristig Bestand haben. Dies bedeutet insbesondere für Vorhaben, die über generische Fragen und Zugänge hinausgehen, dass sie eher den Charakter einer Momentaufnahme haben. Vor diesem Problemhintergrund widmet sich die vorliegende Ausgabe der Zeitschrift Empirische Pädagogik aktuellen Forschungsansätzen zu KI im berufsbildenden Bereich. Mit den Beiträgen des Themenheftes werden drei thematische Akzente adressiert:
(1) Ansätze zur Erfassung und Förderung KI-bezogener Kompetenzfacetten
Schmidt und Happ berichten von der Validierung eines Testinstruments zur Erfassung des Grundlagenwissens zu KI von angehenden Lehrkräften im berufsbildenden Bereich. Dabei werden die Analysen zur Beurteilung der Validierungsaspekte "Testinhalt" und "Beziehung zu anderen Merkmalen" diskutiert. Auf Basis der Befunde können theoretisch postulierte Annahmen zum KI-Wissen von (angehenden) Lehrkräften empirisch untermauert werden, wodurch ein wichtiger Beitrag zur Nutzbarkeit des entwickelten Instruments geleistet wird.
Hangen und Wuttke nehmen in ihrer Mixed-Methods Evaluationsstudie Wissen, Motivation sowie Überzeugungen und Einstellungen von (angehenden) Gründerinnen und Gründern von Startups in den Blick. Im Prä-Post-Vergleich nimmt das selbstberichtete Wissen über Unternehmensgründungen zu. Die Evaluationsergebnisse zeigen allerdings keine signifikante Wissensveränderung über Anwendungen der KI. In Bezug auf Gründungsaspekte kann das Trainingsprogramm daher als effektiv angesehen werden, weniger jedoch im Hinblick auf KI.
(2) Ethische Herausforderungen des Einsatzes von KI in Bildungsprozessen
Den Umgang mit KI-Robotern untersuchen Seufert, Spirgi, Delcker, Heil und Ifenthaler in einer empirischen Studie mit Studierenden im ersten Semester (N = 636). In einem weiten Verständnis fassen die Autoren darunter Systeme mit menschenähnlicher Leistung (z.B. Übersetzer, Schreibassistenten) sowie Systeme mit menschenähnlicher Erscheinung (z.B. Chatbots, Avatare). Ausgehend von sieben Anwendungsfällen werden die Nutzungshäufigkeit sowie die ethische Beurteilung in den Blick genommen. In der Gesamtschau überwiegen dabei die wahrgenommenen Risiken gegenüber den identifizierten Chancen. Die Nutzungshäufigkeit von KI-Robotern war zudem im Erhebungszeitraum - kurz vor der Veröffentlichung von ChatGPT - als eher gering einzustufen.
Guggemos, Schmidt und Happ untersuchen die Einstellungen angehender Lehrkräfte zu den ethischen Grundsätzen des Einsatzes von KI im Bildungswesen. In der Studie mit N=90 angehenden Lehrkräften erweist sich das postulierte Messmodell zur Bewertung der Einstellung als reliabel und valide. Eine latente Profilanalyse führt zu drei von Kontextvariablen unabhängigen Profilen mit jeweils unterschiedlichen Einstellungsstrukturen, die sich vor allem in der Einschätzung unterscheiden, ob es der KI erlaubt sein sollte, harte Macht über Lehrkräfte und Lernende auszuüben.
(3) Evidenzgestützte Entwicklung von KI-bezogenen Lehr-Lern-Ressourcen
Egloffstein, Kögler und Ifenthaler beschreiben die evidenzgestützte Entwicklung von Online-Lernangeboten zu KI in der beruflichen Bildung. Im Zentrum steht dabei eine qualitative Studie zur Zielgruppen- und Kontextanalyse, in der N=48 Akteurinnen und Akteure aus der beruflichen Bildung zu KI-bezogenen Aspekten befragt wurden. Auf Basis der Ergebnisse wurden Impulse für die Gestaltung von AI_VET, einer Serie von vier Online-Kursen auf der Plattform des KI-Campus, abgeleitet. Erste Evaluationsergebnisse deuten auf eine differenzierte Nutzung der implementierten Kursbausteine sowie auf Akzeptanz auf Seiten der Lernenden hin.
Pargmann et al. stellen eine KI-Plattform zur Unterstützung der Planungskompetenz von Unterricht vor. Die elektronisch-didaktische Assistenz (EDDA) kann für die Analyse von Unterrichtsentwürfen und -materialien im Studium, im Vorbereitungsdienst und in der schulischen Berufstätigkeit verwendet werden. EDDA stellt Rückmeldungen zur Umsetzung ausgewählter didaktischer Merkmale der Unterrichtsplanung bereit und liefert dabei Hinweise zur Reflexion und Weiterentwicklung der Entwürfe. Darüber hinaus kann EDDA als Ausgangsbasis für weitere Forschungen zum Lehren und Lernen mit KI dienen.
Anhand der drei Themenakzente lassen sich wichtige Spannungsfelder nachzeichnen, in denen sich die Diskussion um KI in der beruflichen Bildung aktuell bewegt. Das Spannungsfeld zwischen einer hohen Entwicklungsdynamik und dem Streben nach Nachhaltigkeit offenbart sich etwa besonders dann, wenn es darum geht, Wissen über KI in einem Testverfahren zu operationalisieren. Die ersten beiden Artikel verdeutlichen, wie schnell die Entwicklungen im Themenfeld KI das Design der Messinstrumente, insbesondere auf der Inhaltsebene, beeinflussen. Es bedarf der ständigen Anpassung von Testinstrumenten, um valide Testwertinterpretationen zuzulassen. Hierbei hat sich die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit (bspw. mit der Wirtschaftsinformatik) als hilfreich und notwendig erwiesen. Dass die technischen Möglichkeiten immer auch in Bezug zu ethischen Herausforderungen abgewogen werden müssen, ist die Quintessenz der Beiträge aus Bereich zwei. Aus beiden Beiträgen wird deutlich, dass der stärkere Verbreitungsgrad des Chatbots ChatGPT auch auf non-kognitive Facetten eine Wirkung haben sollte. Für die Zukunft bieten sich mit den bestehenden Messinstrumenten zu den non-kognitiven Facetten auch Kohortenvergleiche an (bspw. Stichprobe 2021 und mögliche Stichprobe 2024), ob bspw. bei Studierenden aus vergleichbaren Gruppen Veränderungen der non-kognitiven Personenmerkmale zu beobachten sind. Dass im Zuge der Entwicklung von Bildungsangeboten immer auch die beiden Perspektiven KI als Inhalt und KI als Werkzeug mitgedacht werden müssen, wird schließlich durch die Beiträge aus dem dritten Bereich illustriert. Wie die Bildungsangebote ständig aktualisiert werden, stellt auch bei diesen beiden Beiträgen eine wesentliche Herausforderung dar.
Es haben zwölf Gutachterinnen und Gutachter im Rahmen des Double-Blind-Reviews einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Entstehung und Qualitätssicherung dieses Themenhefts geleistet. Dank der vielen konstruktiven Kommentare konnten die Autorinnen und Autoren ihre Artikel deutlich verbessern. Den Gutachterinnen und Gutachtern sei an dieser Stelle herzlich gedankt.
... Past research suggests that opportunities are discerned as a result of prior knowledge prompting the recognition of the value associated with new information (Shane, 2000). In other words, individuals are inclined to pay attention to information that is linked to their existing knowledge (Von Hippel, 1994). ...
This conceptual paper introduces the concept of internal sensitivity as an extension of dynamic managerial sensing capabilities, with specific focus on internal environment, and discuss the relationship between prior knowledge on Gemba and internal sensitivity with moderating impact of workplace curiosity. A model ready to be empirically tested in future research is presented at the end.
... To assess participants' self-reported knowledge about starting a business (6), they indicated on a 4-point Likert scale (1 = reject the statement/nothing; 4 = fully agree with the statement/almost everything) how much they knew about various aspects of starting a business (e. g., "what to consider when starting a business in general", Shane, 2000; see also Heinrichs, 2016). Analyses of the responses were conducted using IBM SPSS software. ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly important for numerous areas of life and work and is considered to be a "driver of digitalisation" in the second wave of digital transformation. Vocational education and training is directly affected by this dynamic development, given the AI-related changes to job profiles and the resulting skills requirements for (future) skilled workers. Responsibility for organising the qualification processes lies with the teaching staff, whose professional training so far lacks AI content. It can be assumed that this group has little prior knowledge of AI. In order to generate reliable findings on the extent of the AI knowledge of (prospective) teachers and to establish appropriate training and further education programmes based on this, test instruments are required that can be used to validly measure knowledge. For newly developed instruments, comprehensive analyses based on the "Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing" of American Educational Research Association (AERA) et al. (2014) are required to ensure validity. The article discusses the analyses regarding the assessment of the aspects "test content" and "relation to other characteristics". Based on the findings, the theoretically postulated assumptions regarding the AI knowledge of (prospective) teachers can be substantiated with empirical evidence.
... To assess participants' self-reported knowledge about starting a business (6), they indicated on a 4-point Likert scale (1 = reject the statement/nothing; 4 = fully agree with the statement/almost everything) how much they knew about various aspects of starting a business (e. g., "what to consider when starting a business in general", Shane, 2000; see also Heinrichs, 2016). Analyses of the responses were conducted using IBM SPSS software. ...
Artificial Intelligence (AI) increasingly influences people's lives by fostering enhanced interaction between humans and machines (Kim, 2022). AI robots are considered agents that undertake tasks traditionally performed by humans through AI programming. There are two categories of AI robots: those with human-like performance and those with human-like appearance for social interaction. Based on this concept, seven specific use cases were developed for this study. An online survey conducted among students (N = 636) in September 2022 (shortly before the release of ChatGPT) examined both the frequency of usage and the ethical evaluation of each of the seven use cases by students. Additionally, a risk and an opportunity index were formed to assess students' general perception of AI. The perceived risks outweigh the recognized opportunities. The frequency of students' usage of AI robot types is generally considered relatively low. The acceptance of ethical principles varies depending on the kind of AI robot, with students particularly valuing fairness for AI robots involved in (human-like) text generation and transparency for AI robots engaged in human-like social interactions.
... Although knowledge is widely regarded as a nonrivalrous public good (i.e., access is often costless and one's use of it does not render it unavailable to others) (Jovanovic and Rob, 1989), knowledge is often characterized as being tied to specific geographic locations. For example, "knowledge corridors" represent knowledge-rich locations where entrepreneurs can discover and exploit high-growth opportunities in greater numbers than in knowledge-poor locations (Shane, 2000;Ozgen and Baron, 2007;Politis, 2005). Building on this insight, a burgeoning stream of research on entrepreneurial ecosystems seeks to explain the concentration of high growth ventures in particular geographic locations (e.g., Berlin, Route 128, Silicon Valley, Singapore) by emphasizing the growth-promoting benefits of the collective local knowledge (Brown & Mason, 2017;Spigel, 2017). ...
Entrepreneurs need to access knowledge to grow, but weak entrepreneurial ecosystems tend to lack the types of knowledge that foster venture growth. To explore how entrepreneurs can act resourcefully as they overcome local ecosystem deficiencies in efforts to grow, we conducted 78 interviews with growth-oriented entrepreneurs in Central America. These entrepreneurs, perceiving that their ecosystem was subordinate to stronger ecosystems, challenged local knowledge, prompting them to engage in knowledge-related resourcefulness, which involves reorienting network targets (resourceful cognition) and assembling network tie proxies (resourceful behavior), to leverage benefits from both local and distant entrepreneurial ecosystems in pursuit of steady organic growth.
... Entrepreneurial opportunities, defined as valuable circumstances prompting entrepreneurial actions, hold a central position in the discourse on entrepreneurship, as evidenced by seminal works such as those by (Shane & Eckhardt, 2003;Gartner et al., 2017). Various entrepreneurship frameworks, including those proposed by (Shane, 2000;Shane & Venkataraman, 2000;Gaglio & Katz, 2001;Hsieh et al., 2007;Murphy, 2011), have underscored the significance of this concept. The Schumpeterian viewpoint to entrepreneurship posits that opportunities are integral to the creation of novel resource combinations, extending beyond mere products or services to encompass innovative production methods, market organization strategies, and identification of new raw materials (Basso et al., 2009;Shane, 2012). ...
Entrepreneurship literature extensively delves into the pivotal concept of entrepreneurial opportunities, recognizing its centrality in the entrepreneurial process and the creation of value in the marketplace. However, a notable lack of clarity persists regarding the definition, role, and inherent nature of opportunities within the realm of entrepreneurship research. This ambiguity has impeded advancements in comprehending this vital phenomenon. To enhance our understanding of entrepreneurial opportunities, this paper systematically reviews and deconstructs the conceptual nature of entrepreneurial opportunities and their associated features. The objective is to trace the evolution of literature on this construct, shedding light on the key factors that both influence and conceptualize this facet of entrepreneurship. By conducting a meticulous bibliographic analysis and synthesizing previous contributions on entrepreneurial opportunities, the study has identified 47 definitions from 130 reputable publications. The paper strives to differentiate pertinent research discussions and integrate noteworthy contributions into a conceptual framework. The establishment of this framework aims to provide a shared foundation for scholars to collaboratively accumulate knowledge and assess competing theoretical and methodological perspectives on entrepreneurial opportunities. This framework not only elucidates the intricacies surrounding the nature of entrepreneurial opportunities but also identifies research gaps and outlines directions for future exploration.
... The research field of entrepreneurship looks back at a long history of discussing the opportunity construct (McMullen and Shepherd, 2006;Ramoglou and McMullen, 2022;Ramoglou and Tsang, 2016;Sarasvathy, 2001;Shane, 2000). Venkataraman (1997) defines the field of entrepreneurship as "the scholarly examination of how, by whom, and with what effects opportunities to create future goods and services are discovered, evaluated, and exploited." ...
Circular start-ups (CSUs) are gaining popularity to radically rethink the linear resource flows of global production systems and adopt ambitious approaches towards a circular economy from inception. For CSUs, the institutional environment is particularly relevant; this is because the complex nature of sustainability challenges requires a deep engagement with institutions to drive transitions from linear to circular practices. This article analyses how and why institutional factors influence CSUs in the highly entrepreneurial region of Catalonia in Spain. Based on a multiple case study, our findings demonstrate that CSUs are affected by informal institutions through founder motivations, their ability to create opportunities and social values. Formal institutions influence CSUs regarding the previous experience of founders, accessible ecosystem actors and supportive laws and regulations. These findings are important for effective policymaking to develop adequate support mechanisms and understand the particular challenges and opportunities CSUs face compared to traditional start-ups.
... There is no generally agreed-upon definition of entrepreneurship since the notion has been the subject of several characterizations by various academics. However, an entrepreneur, as described by Shane (2003) is a person who undertakes and finances innovations in an effort to transform such innovations into economic goods and services. He claims that Bill Gates's wealth would not have been as large as it is now if Steve Jobs hadn't seen the potential in creating and selling personal computers, and that Jobs wouldn't have had the resources to do so if Gordon Moore hadn't invented the microprocessor. ...
This paper advocates the possibility of integrating the models of traditional business school to entrepreneurship development and job creation in Nigeria. Drawing insights from extensive review of literature, the paper utilizes secondary data in its analytical discourse. The paper's theoretical foundation was Theodore W. Schultz's human capital theory formulated in 1961, and results from the paper showed that government policies can encourage the survival and expansion of MSMEs in Nigeria. Based on the research done for this paper, it was suggested that the government can utilize the innovative spirit of entrepreneurship present in the Igbo apprenticeship system to create policies that will bring the vast majority of the informal sector into the formal economy, where there can be better coordination and regulation to ensure the sector's continued success and growth. It was also suggested that current entrepreneurial opportunities like digital marketing and sales, ICT, web development, digital data management, etc. be incorporated into the curriculum development of schools, universities, and other vocational and technical colleges. This is in addition to honing attention on tried-and-true methods of skill development like cooking and handiwork.
... However, future research could examine how diversity in business ownership experience affects opportunity identification behavior. Shane (2000) suggested that prior knowledge in the same sector in which the entrepreneur operates is critical for opportunity identification. In contrast, Ucbasaran et al. (2009) emphasized the importance of broadening habitual entrepreneurs' experiences in opportunity identification. ...
Purpose: This study uses the human capital approach and the entrepreneurial cognitive approach to investigate the relationship between business ownership experience
and opportunity identification. Additionally, it considers the mediating role of cognitive styles.
Study design/methodology/approach: The hypotheses were tested using path analysis, which included the examination of mediation.
Sample and data: A questionnaire was used to collect data from 294 Egyptian entrepreneurs.
Results: The findings suggest an association between business ownership experience
and, analytical style and opportunity identification. The paper also found an association between the analytical style and the number of opportunities. Both intuitive and analytical styles are associated with the innovativeness of opportunities. Furthermore, this study revealed that analytical thinking only partially explains the relationship between business ownership experience and opportunity identification.
Originality/value: This study’s value lies in testing the relationship between business
ownership experience and opportunity identification in a new context, using a sample of Egyptian entrepreneurs. It also offers a relatively unexplored perspective on the relationship between business ownership experience and opportunity identification. Additionally, the findings challenge the common assumption that prior experience is a source of intuition. The study revealed that experienced entrepreneurs prefer analysis to enhance their ability to identify opportunities.
Research limitations/implications: This research’s insights are somewhat limited due
to using a non-probability sample. The paper examined entrepreneurs’ cognitive styles without exploring their actual use of intuition and analysis. Despite these limitations, this paper has implications for entrepreneurship research and policy development.
... At the heart of entrepreneurship lies the skill to grasp ideas (Shane, 2000), which is distinct yet equally crucial as the ability to pinpoint and employ particular strategies to generate and seize value from those ideas. To transform a specific idea into a successful enterprise foundation, entrepreneurs must (a) identify customers to whom they can offer significant value, (b) utilize and enhance technology to provide value to customers, (c) establish an organization capable of consistently delivering value, and (d) accomplish these goals amidst existing and potential competitive pressures. ...
Changes in the business environment, driven by technology and globalization, increase the urgency of a strategic orientation for new ventures and, conversely, an entrepreneurial orientation for established firms. Technology startups, as "innovation machines," face unique challenges related to the environment, competition, and resource limitations. Therefore, they need to be more strategic in conducting their business. Entrepreneurial strategy is a new strategic framework specifically formulated for startups. However, the effect of this strategy on firm performance has not been confirmed. This study investigates the relationship of entrepreneurial strategy on the tech startup’s firm performance. A conceptual model was developed based on the strategic management framework, including strategy formulation, implementation, and evaluation. The data was collected via an online survey and was able to gather 39 respondents, dominated by the fields of SaaS, Edutech, and health tech. The data was then analyzed using SmartPLS software. The analysis showed that entrepreneurial strategy has a positive effect on firm performance, value offering (value-based strategy), and innovation ambidexterity. Further analysis found that there was no significant mediation effect or indirect relationship. Additionally, the predictability analysis found that the structural model in this study has moderate predictability power. The results of this study contribute to the strategic entrepreneurship field by providing evidence of how entrepreneurial strategy can improve tech-startup firm performance. Lastly, the limitations in this study can provide new opportunities for future research, especially related to objects, operationalization, and conceptual models. Keywords— Entrepreneurial Strategy; Innovation Ambidexterity; Offered Value; Startup’s Firm Performance; Strategic Entrepreneurship
... Opportunity-based entrepreneurial activities are associated with entrepreneurs' backgrounds and prior experience (Djankov et al., 2006). According to Shane (2000), the factors that impact the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities are the possession of prior information and the cognitive ability to value existing opportunities. Kaish et al. (1991) state that those who are better at identifying a new opportunity have prior information complementary to the new information embedded in the opportunity, because specialized information is more useful than general information for most activities (Becker & Murphy, 1992). ...
One of the most important transitions of China from a centrally planned economy to a market-based economy was the emergence of entrepreneurship in two different forms of private enterprise, viz., getihu and siyingqiye. Getihu firms are legally restricted to a household ownership structure and a firm size upper limit. Siyingqiye firms do not face these restrictions but are more costly to set up. Using a unique database for 31 Chinese regions over the period 1997–2009, we investigate the economic antecedents of regional rates of getihu and siyingqiye, and to what extent these antecedents are in line with the “entrepreneurial” or the “managed” economy as per Audretsch and Thurik (Audretsch and Thurik, Journal of Evolutionary Economics 10:17–34, 2000, Audretsch and Thurik, Industrial and Corporate Change 10:267–315, 2001). We find that particularly the antecedents of regional siyingqiye rates are in line with the “entrepreneurial” economy in the sense that regional economies that are more conducive to knowledge production and knowledge spillovers have higher rates of siyingqiye firms. Overall, our analysis suggests that both types of entrepreneurship play important but distinct roles in stimulating China’s economic development.
... Therefore, founders access to capital is an important predictor of new venture growth but not necessarily important for the founding of a new venture (Hurst & Lusardi, 2004) This theory argues that entrepreneurs have individual-specific resources that facilitate the recognition of new opportunities and the assembling of new resources for the emerging firm (Alvarez & Busenitz, 2001). Research shows that some persons are more able to recognize and exploit opportunities than others because they have better access to information and knowledge (Aldrich, 1999, Anderson &Miller, 2003, Shane 2000, 2003, Shane & Venkataraman, 2000. ...
The theories of entrepreneurship are a psychological approach, necessary to understand entrepreneurship. It argues that any theory of entrepreneurship should use active actions as a starting point-entrepreneurship is the epitome of an active agent in the market (rather than a reactive agent). Entrepreneurship theories and research remain important to the development of the entrepreneurship field. This paper examines the following entrepreneurship theories. (1) Schumpeter theory on innovations (2) Psychological entrepreneurship theory (3) Sociological entrepreneurship theory, (4) Opportunity-Based entrepreneurship theory, (5) Resource-Based entrepreneurship theory, (6) the discovery theory of entrepreneurship and (7) the creative theory of entrepreneurship. These theories offer us a fairly good opportunity to refocus our efforts at integrating the diverse viewpoints.
... While not exclusively used this way, CAO approaches provide a foundation of prior knowledge onto which new abstract or detailed knowledge can be built (Entwistle & Peterson, 2005). This reflects the way in which entrepreneurs (Shane, 2000) and organizations (Cohen & Levinthal, 1990) learn and identify new business opportunities. Thus, a CAO approach models entrepreneurship and emphasizes the value and skill of learning from reflective experience. ...
Venture Out is a semester-long project which introduces elementary business skills and concepts from an entrepreneurial perspective. Student teams research and select a product to sell to students, create a mini-business plan, and present their plan to a board of judges from the business community. If their request is approved (up to $500), teams purchase and sell their product. After repaying the loan, teams donate their profits to a beneficiary and they reflect on their performance and lessons learned. Venture Out benefits students, the academic business program, and the community in tangible ways. Venture Out and other classroom-as-organization (CAO) programs are described.
... Studies underscore the critical role that industry experience plays in nurturing the entrepreneurial skills required to building startup ventures. A mix of domain-specific knowledge, industry networks, and an understanding of market dynamics is often built based on professional experience (Shane, 2000). Particularly in high-tech possessing a robust Furthermore, the tenure of professional experience is often posited as a determinant of entrepreneurial readiness. ...
Purpose: The rapid growth of unicorn startups — privately held startup companies valued at over $1 billion — has inspired researchers and investors to better understand the key factors behind their success. While product-market fit, timing, and business models are frequently studied, this paper dive deeper into the backgrounds of the founders themselves. By analyzing various educational, and professional attributes of unicorn startup founders, we seek to uncover common patterns and insights that might hint at the success criteria of unicorn creation. Design/Methodology/Approach: Our study adopted an exploratory approach utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methods to discover the nuances of unicorn startup founders' backgrounds. Using a dataset of 3925 founders, we identified patterns in unicorn creation. In addition, qualitative insights were garnered through a review of existing literature. This approach provided a comprehensive view bridging the data with theoretical review. Findings: A significant proportion of unicorn startup founders 1163 of the 3925 examined, had prior entrepreneurial engagements, which underlines the value of experience in high-impact ventures. A pronounced gender imbalance was observed, with a whopping 93% of founders being male, spotlighting potential systemic and cultural barriers in the entrepreneurial field. Fields such as International Relations, Public Administration, and STEM disciplines like Bioengineering and Medical Informatics were represented among the unicorn producing majors. These findings suggest a cross-disciplinary effect resulting in unicorn creation. Originality: Instead of just focusing on one part of founders’ background, this study combines their education and experiences to give a full picture. This approach makes it unique and adds a new perspective to what we know about successful startups. This new angle can prompt more research and give us a deeper understanding of how unicorn startups come to be.
... Taking all considerations together, knowledge from customers is directly connected with the customer's value perception of the firm's products and what customers deem relevant to the future development of the products. Thus, knowledge from customers affects the identification of exploitation opportunities (Shane, 2000) by extending a focal firm's existing knowledge base based on interaction with existing partners (Beckman et al., 2004) and thus affects the economic benefit of firms. Consequently, this knowledge is linked with future economic benefits that the focal firm can reap and thus is of certain relevance. ...
This research investigates how and to which extent the social capital inherent in a firm’s external relationships to diverse business partners contributes to the firm’s intellectual capital and in turn fosters its innovativeness. We apply the Social Capital Theory to an inter-organisational context and show how a firm’s social relationships with its various external partners contribute to its intellectual capital, and how these contributions differ between different types of partners (e.g., customers vs. suppliers). In contrast to intra-organisational contexts, we show that the association between social capital and intellectual capital is positive, neutral, or even negative depending on the external partner’s position vis-à-vis a firm’s supply chain and the type of knowledge. Using data from 153 German manufacturing firms, the results of a PLS-based analysis provide important insights into how and through which mechanisms firms can become successful innovators.
... In general, the balance of costs and benefits of engaging in entrepreneurial entry is ambiguous for both higher and lower-income groups. For higher-income individuals, we can only clearly say that entrepreneurship is more likely to be chosen as an occupation by those who successfully identify highly profitable opportunities for exploiting their talents via an entrepreneurial route (Shane, 2000). We have noted that higher-income individuals will be more easily able to generate greater entrepreneurial returns because they can relax the (financial) liquidity constraints when exploiting market opportunities. ...
We analyse entrepreneurial entry along the dimensions of informal-formal and necessity-opportunity entrepreneurship, distinguishing between them yet considering them jointly. While the dominant view in the literature conflates necessity with informal entry, and opportunity with formal entry, we hypothesise that informal entrepreneurship may be attractive to higher-income individuals as a testing ground for entrepreneurial ideas. We also explain why higher-income individuals may undertake necessity entrepreneurship. We utilise individual Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data from Chile (2019–2021), which identifies informal-formal and necessity-opportunity entrepreneurial entry modes, to test hypotheses on the role of individuals´ income in the four types of entrepreneurial entry. We also consider changes in entrepreneurial entry during a crisis and a non-crisis periods. Our results confirm that the patterns in the data are consistent with hypotheses derived from our proposed theoretical framework.
... Becoming an entrepreneur is usually a process (Shane, 2000) and is the product of using different sources: information, networks, and technology (Aliaga-Isla & Rialp, 2013; David et al., 2021). Curci and Mackoy (2010) argue that stable businesses are generally run by second-generation migrants and by highly skilled foreigners. ...
We examine the relationship between Internet development and entrepreneurship in China, using survey data from the China Family Panel Studies on individual entrepreneurship and administrative data on new firm registration. Employing instrumental variable (IV) and difference-in-differences (DID) approaches to address the endogeneity of Internet development, we find that Internet development increases the likelihood of individual entrepreneurship and the number of new firm registrations. Our IV model suggests that a one standard deviation increase in the Internet development index increases the likelihood of becoming an entrepreneur by 0.588 standard deviations. Our DID model finds that the Broadband China Program – the inaugural national broadband infrastructure initiative – increases annual new firm registrations by 14,358 in the selected prefectures. These results are robust to a battery of robustness checks. We find that improved access to information and finance are the key mechanisms through which Internet development affects entrepreneurship.
Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have introduced a technological landscape once inconceivable, creating novel possibilities to fundamentally reshape both entrepreneurship research and practice. This Special Issue seeks to explore how we can help entrepreneurs identify and actualize the radically different futures enabled by AI. To this end, we invite scholars to reconsider the foundational concepts and assumptions of our field in light of the AI revolution.
For more information please visit: https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-business-venturing/about/call-for-papers
Secara umum, kewirausahaan dapat didefinisikan sebagai
proses mengidentifikasi, mengembangkan, dan membawa visi
ke dalam bentuk kenyataan melalui penciptaan usaha baru. Visi
ini bisa berupa ide inovatif, peluang bisnis, atau cara baru dalam
menjalankan suatu aktivitas usaha. Kewirausahaan tidak hanya
melibatkan pendirian bisnis baru, tetapi juga mencakup
pengembangan dan transformasi usaha yang sudah ada untuk
mencapai pertumbuhan dan keberlanjutan.
The significance of small and medium enterprises to an economic development of a country cannot be overemphasized. The growth of a business depends on the development of abilities needed to execute a smooth running of day business activities. Research has established the fact that fast economic growth of regions lies on the extent of trade activities in the area. Given this established importance of enterprise, this present study aims at empirically developing the relationship between entrepreneurial creative thinking and venture performance with specific reference to small and medium scale firms in Port Harcourt metropolis. Descriptive survey design was adopted and primary data were used. The data collected were analyzed using mean, aggregate mean, and Spearman rank correlation with the aid of statistical package for social sciences, version 25. Findings shows that there is a significant and positive relationship between psychomotor education (our proxy for creative thinking) and profitability, as indicated by p-value of at 0.05 level of significance. We conclude that entrepreneurial creative thinking is an ingredient that managers of small and medium enterprises deploy to achieve maximum profit. Based on the empirical findings and conclusion, we recommend that there should be a need for policymakers to consider developing small and medium enterprises, not only through the provision of social amenities but also development of public agenda for the acknowledgement of creative thinking, skill development, and prioritization of skills improvement for both expert and non-expert business owners.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.